Guide, node Updating translation committishes..
@end ignore
-@c \version "2.17.6"
+@c \version "2.19.21"
@node Ancient notation
above the ligature.
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\transpose c c' {
- \[ g c a f d' \]
+\relative {
+ \[ g' c, a' f d' \]
a g f
\[ e f a g \]
}
The syntax still uses the deprecated infix style
@code{\[ music expr \]}. For consistency reasons, it will eventually
-be changed to postfix style @code{note\[ ... note\]}.
+be changed to postfix style @code{note\[ @dots{} note\]}.
@c Alternatively, the file
@c @file{gregorian-init.ly} can be included; it provides a scheme
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
\score {
- \relative c'' {
- a1
+ \relative {
+ a'1
\break
g
}
@node Mensural contexts
@unnumberedsubsubsec Mensural contexts
-@cindex MensuralVoiceContext
-@cindex MensuralStaffContext
+@cindex MensuralVoice
+@cindex MensuralStaff
The predefined @code{MensuralVoice} and @code{MensuralStaff}
contexts can be used to engrave a piece in mensural style. These
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
\score {
<<
- \new MensuralVoice = "discantus" \transpose c c' {
- \override Score.BarNumber.transparent = ##t {
- c'1\melisma bes a g\melismaEnd
+ \new MensuralVoice = "discantus" \relative {
+ \hide Score.BarNumber {
+ c''1\melisma bes a g\melismaEnd
f\breve
- \[ f1\melisma a c'\breve d'\melismaEnd \]
- c'\longa
- c'\breve\melisma a1 g1\melismaEnd
+ \[ f1\melisma a c\breve d\melismaEnd \]
+ c\longa
+ c\breve\melisma a1 g1\melismaEnd
fis\longa^\signumcongruentiae
}
}
@code{mensural-c3}, @code{mensural-c4},@*
@code{mensural-c5}
@tab
-@lilypond[relative=1,notime]
+@lilypond[fragment,notime]
\clef "mensural-c2"
\override NoteHead.style = #'mensural
- c1
+ c'1
@end lilypond
@item
@tab
@code{mensural-f}
@tab
-@lilypond[relative=1,notime]
+@lilypond[fragment,notime]
\clef "mensural-f"
\override NoteHead.style = #'mensural
- c1
+ c'1
@end lilypond
@item
@tab
@code{mensural-g}
@tab
-@lilypond[relative=1,notime]
+@lilypond[fragment,notime]
\clef "mensural-g"
\override NoteHead.style = #'mensural
- c1
+ c'1
@end lilypond
@item
@code{blackmensural-c3}, @code{blackmensural-c4},@*
@code{blackmensural-c5}
@tab
-@lilypond[relative=1,notime]
+@lilypond[fragment,notime]
\clef "blackmensural-c2"
\override NoteHead.style = #'mensural
- c1
+ c'1
@end lilypond
@item
@code{neomensural-c1}, @code{neomensural-c2},@*
@code{neomensural-c3}, @code{neomensural-c4}
@tab
-@lilypond[relative=1,notime]
- \clef "neomensural-c2" c1
+@lilypond[fragment,notime]
+ \clef "neomensural-c2" c'1
@end lilypond
@item
@code{petrucci-c3}, @code{petrucci-c4},@*
@code{petrucci-c5}
@tab
-@lilypond[relative=1,notime]
+@lilypond[fragment,notime]
\clef "petrucci-c2"
\override NoteHead.style = #'mensural
- c1
+ c'1
@end lilypond
@item
@code{petrucci-f3}, @code{petrucci-f4},@*
@code{petrucci-f5}
@tab
-@lilypond[relative=1,notime]
+@lilypond[fragment,notime]
\clef "petrucci-f3"
\override NoteHead.style = #'mensural
- c1
+ c'1
@end lilypond
@item
@tab
@code{petrucci-g}
@tab
-@lilypond[relative=1,notime]
+@lilypond[fragment,notime]
\clef "petrucci-g"
\override NoteHead.style = #'mensural
- c1
+ c'1
@end lilypond
@end multitable
@unnumberedsubsubsec Mensural time signatures
@cindex mensuration sign
-@cindex time signatures
+@cindex time signature, mensural
+@cindex time signature style
There is limited support for mensuration signs (which are similar to,
but not exactly the same as time signatures). The glyphs are hard-wired
{
\set Score.timing = ##f
\set Score.barAlways = ##t
- s_\markup { "\\time 4/4" }^\markup { " " \musicglyph
+ \textLengthOn
+ s^\markup { "\\time 4/4" }_\markup { " " \musicglyph
#"timesig.neomensural44" }
s
- s_\markup { "\\time 2/2" }^\markup { " " \musicglyph
+ s^\markup { "\\time 2/2" }_\markup { " " \musicglyph
#"timesig.neomensural22" }
s
- s_\markup { "\\time 6/4" }^\markup { " " \musicglyph
+ s^\markup { "\\time 6/4" }_\markup { " " \musicglyph
#"timesig.neomensural64" }
s
- s_\markup { "\\time 6/8" }^\markup { " " \musicglyph
+ s^\markup { "\\time 6/8" }_\markup { " " \musicglyph
#"timesig.neomensural68" }
\break
- s_\markup { "\\time 3/2" }^\markup { " " \musicglyph
+ s^\markup { "\\time 3/2" }_\markup { " " \musicglyph
#"timesig.neomensural32" }
s
- s_\markup { "\\time 3/4" }^\markup { " " \musicglyph
+ s^\markup { "\\time 3/4" }_\markup { " " \musicglyph
#"timesig.neomensural34" }
s
- s_\markup { "\\time 9/4" }^\markup { " " \musicglyph
+ s^\markup { "\\time 9/4" }_\markup { " " \musicglyph
#"timesig.neomensural94" }
s
- s_\markup { "\\time 9/8" }^\markup { " " \musicglyph
+ s^\markup { "\\time 9/8" }_\markup { " " \musicglyph
#"timesig.neomensural98" }
\break
- s_\markup { "\\time 4/8" }^\markup { " " \musicglyph
+ s^\markup { "\\time 4/8" }_\markup { " " \musicglyph
#"timesig.neomensural48" }
s
- s_\markup { "\\time 2/4" }^\markup { " " \musicglyph
+ s^\markup { "\\time 2/4" }_\markup { " " \musicglyph
#"timesig.neomensural24" }
}
@end lilypond
@code{neomensural} style. The following examples show the
differences in style:
-@lilypond[ragged-right,relative=1,quote]
-{
+@lilypond[ragged-right,quote]
+\relative c' {
\textLengthOn
\time 2/2
(@emph{tempus perfectum}) can be made by hand, by setting
@example
-breveTP = #(ly:make-duration -1 0 3 2)
+breveTP = #(ly:make-duration -1 0 3/2)
@dots{}
@{ c\breveTP f1 @}
@end example
Because note head style does not influence flag count, in
this style a semiminima should be notated as @code{a8*2}, not
@code{a4}, otherwise it will look like a minima.
-The multiplyer can be different if coloratio is used e.g. to notate
+The multiplier can be different if coloratio is used, e.g., to notate
triplets.
Use @code{semipetrucci} style to draw half-colored
only the @code{mensural} style is supported.
@lilypond[quote,fragment,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\override Flag.style = #'mensural
-\override Stem.thickness = #1.0
-\override NoteHead.style = #'mensural
-\autoBeamOff
-c'8 d'8 e'8 f'8 c'16 d'16 e'16 f'16 c'32 d'32 e'32 f'32 s8
-c''8 d''8 e''8 f''8 c''16 d''16 e''16 f''16 c''32 d''32 e''32 f''32
+\relative c' {
+ \override Flag.style = #'mensural
+ \override Stem.thickness = #1.0
+ \override NoteHead.style = #'mensural
+ \autoBeamOff
+ c8 d e f c16 d e f c32 d e f s8
+ c'8 d e f c16 d e f c32 d e f
+}
@end lilypond
-Note that the innermost flare of each mensural flag always is
+Note that the innermost flare of each mensural flag is
vertically aligned with a staff line.
There is no particular flag style for neo-mensural or Petrucci notation.
-@c Hence,
-@c when typesetting the incipit of a transcribed piece of mensural
-@c music, the default flag style should be used.
There are no flags in Gregorian chant notation.
@seealso
@rglos{flag}.
@knownissues
-The attachment of ancient flags to stems is slightly off.
-@c due to a change in early 2.3.x.
-
Vertically aligning each flag with a staff line assumes that stems
-always end either exactly on or exactly in the middle between two
+always end either exactly on or exactly in the middle of two
staff lines. This may not always be true when using advanced layout
features of classical notation (which however are typically out of
scope for mensural notation).
@cindex rests, ancient
Use the @code{style} property of grob @code{Rest} to select
-ancient rests. Supported styles are @code{classical},
-@code{neomensural}, and @code{mensural}. @code{classical} differs
-from the @code{default} style only in that the quarter rest looks
-like a horizontally mirrored 8th rest. The @code{mensural} and
-the @code{neomensural} styles mimic the appearance of rests in
-manuscripts and prints up to the 16th century.
+ancient rests. Supported ancient styles are
+@code{neomensural}, and @code{mensural}.
-The following example demonstrates the @code{mensural} and
-@code{neomensural} styles:
+The following example demonstrates these styles:
@lilypond[quote,fragment,ragged-right,verbatim]
\set Score.skipBars = ##t
-\override Rest.style = #'classical
-r\longa^"classical" r\breve r1 r2 r4 r8 r16 s \break
\override Rest.style = #'mensural
r\longa^"mensural" r\breve r1 r2 r4 r8 r16 s \break
\override Rest.style = #'neomensural
r\longa^"neomensural" r\breve r1 r2 r4 r8 r16
@end lilypond
-There are no 32th and 64th rests specifically for the mensural or
-neo-mensural style. Instead, the rests from the default style will be
-taken.
+There are no 32nd and 64th rests specifically for the mensural or
+neo-mensural styles. Rests from the default style are used.
@seealso
Music Glossary:
@cindex key signature
The @code{mensural} style provides a sharp and a flat sign
-different from the default style. If called for, the natural sign
-will be taken from the @code{vaticana} style.
+different from the default style. Mensural notation rarely used a natural
+sign: instead the appropriate sharp or flat is used. For example, a B
+natural in the key of F major would be indicated with a sharp. However,
+if specifically called for, the natural sign is taken from the @code{vaticana}
+style.
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,staffsize=26]
\markup {
@funindex suggestAccidentals
-@lilypond[verbatim,relative=1]
-fis gis
-\set suggestAccidentals = ##t
-ais bis
+@lilypond[verbatim]
+\relative {
+ fis' gis
+ \set suggestAccidentals = ##t
+ ais bis
+}
@end lilypond
This will treat @emph{every} subsequent accidental as
@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
ficta = { \once \set suggestAccidentals = ##t }
-\score { \relative c''
+\score { \relative
\new MensuralVoice {
- \once \set suggestAccidentals = ##t
- bes4 a2 g2 \ficta fis8 \ficta e! fis2 g1
+ \once \set suggestAccidentals = ##t
+ bes'4 a2 g2 \ficta fis8 \ficta e! fis2 g1
}
}
@end lilypond
For example,
-@c @example
-@c \set Score.timing = ##f
-@c \set Score.defaultBarType = "-"
-@c \override NoteHead.style = #'neomensural
-@c \override Staff.TimeSignature.style = #'neomensural
-@c \clef "petrucci-g"
-@c \[ c'\maxima g \]
-@c \[ d\longa c\breve f e d \]
-@c \[ c'\maxima d'\longa \]
-@c \[ e'1 a g\breve \]
-@c @end example
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
+ \relative {
\set Score.timing = ##f
\set Score.defaultBarType = "-"
\override NoteHead.style = #'petrucci
\override Staff.TimeSignature.style = #'mensural
\clef "petrucci-g"
- \[ c'\maxima g \]
- \[ d\longa
+ \[ c''\maxima g \]
+ \[ d'\longa
\override NoteHead.ligature-flexa = ##t
\once \override NoteHead.flexa-width = #3.2
c\breve f e d \]
- \[ c'\maxima d'\longa \]
- \[ e'1 a g\breve \]
+ \[ c\maxima d\longa \]
+ \[ e1 a, g\breve \]
}
\layout {
\context {
@end lilypond
Without replacing @code{Ligature_bracket_engraver} with
-@code{Mensural_ligature_engraver}, the same music transcribes
-to the following
+@code{Mensural_ligature_engraver}, the same music looks as follows:
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
-\transpose c c' {
+\relative {
\set Score.timing = ##f
\set Score.defaultBarType = "-"
\override NoteHead.style = #'petrucci
\override Staff.TimeSignature.style = #'mensural
\clef "petrucci-g"
- \[ c'\maxima g \]
- \[ d\longa
+ \[ c''\maxima g \]
+ \[ d'\longa
\override NoteHead.ligature-flexa = ##t
\once \override NoteHead.flexa-width = #3.2
c\breve f e d \]
- \[ c'\maxima d'\longa \]
- \[ e'1 a g\breve \]
+ \[ c\maxima d\longa \]
+ \[ e1 a, g\breve \]
}
@end lilypond
@ref{Ligatures}.
@knownissues
-Horizontal spacing of ligatures is poor.
+Horizontal spacing of ligatures may be poor.
Accidentals may collide with previous notes.
@node Gregorian chant contexts
@unnumberedsubsubsec Gregorian chant contexts
-@cindex VaticanaVoiceContext
-@cindex VaticanaStaffContext
+@cindex VaticanaVoice
+@cindex VaticanaStaff
-The predefined @code{VaticanaVoiceContext} and
-@code{VaticanaStaffContext} can be used to engrave a piece of
+The predefined @code{VaticanaVoice} and
+@code{VaticanaStaff} can be used to engrave a piece of
Gregorian chant in the style of the Editio Vaticana. These contexts
initialize all relevant context properties and grob properties to
proper values, so you can immediately go ahead entering the chant, as
@code{vaticana-do1}, @code{vaticana-do2},@*
@code{vaticana-do3}
@tab
-@lilypond[relative=1,notime]
+@lilypond[fragment,notime]
\override Staff.StaffSymbol.line-count = #4
\override Staff.StaffSymbol.color = #red
\override Staff.LedgerLineSpanner.color = #red
- \override Voice.Stem.transparent = ##t
- \override Voice.Flag.transparent = ##t
+ \hide Voice.Stem
\override NoteHead.style = #'vaticana.punctum
\clef "vaticana-do2"
- c
+ c'
@end lilypond
@item
@tab
@code{vaticana-fa1}, @code{vaticana-fa2}
@tab
-@lilypond[relative=1,notime]
+@lilypond[fragment,notime]
\override Staff.StaffSymbol.line-count = #4
\override Staff.StaffSymbol.color = #red
\override Staff.LedgerLineSpanner.color = #red
- \override Voice.Stem.transparent = ##t
- \override Voice.Flag.transparent = ##t
+ \hide Voice.Stem
\override NoteHead.style = #'vaticana.punctum
\clef "vaticana-fa2"
- c
+ c'
@end lilypond
@item
@code{medicaea-do1}, @code{medicaea-do2},@*
@code{medicaea-do3}
@tab
-@lilypond[relative=1,notime]
+@lilypond[fragment,notime]
\override Staff.StaffSymbol.line-count = #4
\override Staff.StaffSymbol.color = #red
\override Staff.LedgerLineSpanner.color = #red
- \override Voice.Stem.transparent = ##t
- \override Voice.Flag.transparent = ##t
+ \hide Voice.Stem
\override NoteHead.style = #'medicaea.punctum
\clef "medicaea-do2"
- c
+ c'
@end lilypond
@item
@tab
@code{medicaea-fa1}, @code{medicaea-fa2}
@tab
-@lilypond[relative=1,notime]
+@lilypond[fragment,notime]
\override Staff.StaffSymbol.line-count = #4
\override Staff.StaffSymbol.color = #red
\override Staff.LedgerLineSpanner.color = #red
- \override Voice.Stem.transparent = ##t
- \override Voice.Flag.transparent = ##t
+ \hide Voice.Stem
\override NoteHead.style = #'medicaea.punctum
\clef "medicaea-fa2"
- c
+ c'
@end lilypond
@item
@code{hufnagel-do1}, @code{hufnagel-do2},@*
@code{hufnagel-do3}
@tab
-@lilypond[relative=1,notime]
+@lilypond[fragment,notime]
\override Staff.StaffSymbol.line-count = #4
\override Staff.StaffSymbol.color = #red
\override Staff.LedgerLineSpanner.color = #red
- \override Voice.Stem.transparent = ##t
- \override Voice.Flag.transparent = ##t
+ \hide Voice.Stem
\override NoteHead.style = #'hufnagel.punctum
\clef "hufnagel-do2"
- c
+ c'
@end lilypond
@item
@tab
@code{hufnagel-fa1}, @code{hufnagel-fa2}
@tab
-@lilypond[relative=1,notime]
+@lilypond[fragment,notime]
\override Staff.StaffSymbol.line-count = #4
\override Staff.StaffSymbol.color = #red
\override Staff.LedgerLineSpanner.color = #red
- \override Voice.Stem.transparent = ##t
- \override Voice.Flag.transparent = ##t
+ \hide Voice.Stem
\override NoteHead.style = #'hufnagel.punctum
\clef "hufnagel-fa2"
- c
+ c'
@end lilypond
@item
@tab
@code{hufnagel-do-fa}
@tab
-@lilypond[relative=1,notime]
+@lilypond[fragment,notime]
\override Staff.StaffSymbol.color = #red
\override Staff.LedgerLineSpanner.color = #red
- \override Voice.Stem.transparent = ##t
- \override Voice.Flag.transparent = ##t
+ \hide Voice.Stem
\override NoteHead.style = #'hufnagel.punctum
\clef "hufnagel-do-fa"
- c
+ c'
@end lilypond
@end multitable
@funindex \linea
@code{\linea}.
-@item Ligatures, properly speaking (i.e. notes joined together), are
+@item Ligatures, properly speaking (i.e., notes joined together), are
produced by placing one of the joining commands @code{\pes} or
@code{\flexa}, for upwards and downwards movement, respectively,
@emph{between} the notes to be joined.
All other neumes, including the single-note neumes with a
different shape such as the @emph{virga}, are in principle
considered as ligatures and should therefore be placed
-between @code{\[...\]}.
+between @code{\[@dots{}\]}.
@c Regarding the @emph{punctum}, @code{b} and @code{\[ b \]} are
@c equivalent.
Another main category of notes in Gregorian chant is the so-called
liquescent neumes. They are used under certain circumstances at
-the end of a syllable which ends in a @q{liquescent} letter, i.e.
+the end of a syllable which ends in a @q{liquescent} letter, i.e.,
the sounding consonants that can hold a tone (the nasals, l, r, v,
j, and their diphthong equivalents). Thus, the liquescent neumes
are never used alone (although some of them can be produced), and
Virtually, within the ligature delimiters @code{\[} and @code{\]},
any number of heads may be accumulated to form a single ligature,
and head prefixes like @code{\pes}, @code{\flexa}, @code{\virga},
-@code{\inclinatum}, etc. may be mixed in as desired. The use of
+@code{\inclinatum}, etc., may be mixed in as desired. The use of
the set of rules that underlies the construction of the ligatures
in the above table is accordingly extrapolated. This way,
infinitely many different ligatures can be created.
@lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.5\cm]
\include "gregorian.ly"
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
+ \relative {
% Punctum
- \[ b \]
+ \[ b' \]
}
\layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.5\cm]
\include "gregorian.ly"
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
+ \relative {
% Punctum
- \[ \cavum b \]
+ \[ \cavum b' \]
}
\layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.5\cm]
\include "gregorian.ly"
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
+ \relative {
% Punctum
- \[ \linea b \]
+ \[ \linea b' \]
}
\layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=2.5\cm]
\include "gregorian.ly"
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
+ \relative {
% Punctum Auctum Ascendens
- \[ \auctum \ascendens b \]
+ \[ \auctum \ascendens b' \]
}
\layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=2.5\cm]
\include "gregorian.ly"
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
+ \relative {
% Punctum Auctum Descendens
- \[ \auctum \descendens b \]
+ \[ \auctum \descendens b' \]
}
\layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.5\cm]
\include "gregorian.ly"
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
+ \relative {
% Punctum Inclinatum
- \[ \inclinatum b \]
+ \[ \inclinatum b' \]
}
\layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=2.5\cm]
\include "gregorian.ly"
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
+ \relative {
% Punctum Inclinatum Auctum
- \[ \inclinatum \auctum b \]
+ \[ \inclinatum \auctum b' \]
}
\layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
\include "gregorian.ly"
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
+ \relative {
% Punctum Inclinatum Parvum
- \[ \inclinatum \deminutum b \]
+ \[ \inclinatum \deminutum b' \]
}
\layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
\include "gregorian.ly"
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
+ \relative {
% Virga
- \[ \virga b \]
+ \[ \virga b' \]
}
\layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
\include "gregorian.ly"
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
+ \relative {
% Clivis vel Flexa
- \[ b \flexa g \]
+ \[ b' \flexa g \]
}
\layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=2.0\cm]
\include "gregorian.ly"
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
+ \relative {
% Clivis Aucta Descendens
- \[ b \flexa \auctum \descendens g \]
+ \[ b' \flexa \auctum \descendens g \]
}
\layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=2.0\cm]
\include "gregorian.ly"
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
+ \relative {
% Clivis Aucta Ascendens
- \[ b \flexa \auctum \ascendens g \]
+ \[ b' \flexa \auctum \ascendens g \]
}
\layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=2.0\cm]
\include "gregorian.ly"
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
+ \relative {
% Cephalicus
- \[ b \flexa \deminutum g \]
+ \[ b' \flexa \deminutum g \]
}
\layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
\include "gregorian.ly"
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
+ \relative {
% Podatus vel Pes
- \[ g \pes b \]
+ \[ g' \pes b \]
}
\layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
\include "gregorian.ly"
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
- % Pes Auctus Descendens
- \[ g \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
+ \relative {
+ % Pes Auctus Descendens
+ \[ g' \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
}
\layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
\include "gregorian.ly"
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
+ \relative {
% Pes Auctus Ascendens
- \[ g \pes \auctum \ascendens b \]
+ \[ g' \pes \auctum \ascendens b \]
}
\layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
\include "gregorian.ly"
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
- % Epiphonus
- \[ g \pes \deminutum b \]
+ \relative {
+ % Epiphonus
+ \[ g' \pes \deminutum b \]
}
\layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
\include "gregorian.ly"
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
+ \relative {
% Pes Initio Debilis
- \[ \deminutum g \pes b \]
+ \[ \deminutum g' \pes b \]
}
\layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
\include "gregorian.ly"
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
+ \relative {
% Pes Auctus Descendens Initio Debilis
- \[ \deminutum g \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
+ \[ \deminutum g' \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
}
\layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
\include "gregorian.ly"
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
+ \relative {
% Torculus
- \[ a \pes b \flexa g \]
+ \[ a' \pes b \flexa g \]
}
\layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
\include "gregorian.ly"
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
- % Torculus Auctus Descendens
- \[ a \pes b \flexa \auctum \descendens g \]
+ \relative {
+ % Torculus Auctus Descendens
+ \[ a' \pes b \flexa \auctum \descendens g \]
}
\layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
\include "gregorian.ly"
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
- % Torculus Deminutus
- \[ a \pes b \flexa \deminutum g \]
+ \relative {
+ % Torculus Deminutus
+ \[ a' \pes b \flexa \deminutum g \]
}
\layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
\include "gregorian.ly"
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
- % Torculus Initio Debilis
- \[ \deminutum a \pes b \flexa g \]
+ \relative {
+ % Torculus Initio Debilis
+ \[ \deminutum a' \pes b \flexa g \]
}
\layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
\include "gregorian.ly"
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
- % Torculus Auctus Descendens Initio Debilis
- \[ \deminutum a \pes b \flexa \auctum \descendens g \]
+ \relative {
+ % Torculus Auctus Descendens Initio Debilis
+ \[ \deminutum a' \pes b \flexa \auctum \descendens g \]
}
\layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
\include "gregorian.ly"
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
- % Torculus Deminutus Initio Debilis
- \[ \deminutum a \pes b \flexa \deminutum g \]
+ \relative {
+ % Torculus Deminutus Initio Debilis
+ \[ \deminutum a' \pes b \flexa \deminutum g \]
}
\layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
\include "gregorian.ly"
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
+ \relative {
% Porrectus
- \[ a \flexa g \pes b \]
+ \[ a' \flexa g \pes b \]
}
\layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
\include "gregorian.ly"
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
- % Porrectus Auctus Descendens
- \[ a \flexa g \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
+ \relative {
+ % Porrectus Auctus Descendens
+ \[ a' \flexa g \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
}
\layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
\include "gregorian.ly"
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
- % Porrectus Deminutus
- \[ a \flexa g \pes \deminutum b \]
+ \relative {
+ % Porrectus Deminutus
+ \[ a' \flexa g \pes \deminutum b \]
}
\layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
\include "gregorian.ly"
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
+ \relative {
% Climacus
- \[ \virga b \inclinatum a \inclinatum g \]
+ \[ \virga b' \inclinatum a \inclinatum g \]
}
\layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
\include "gregorian.ly"
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
- % Climacus Auctus
- \[ \virga b \inclinatum a \inclinatum \auctum g \]
+ \relative {
+ % Climacus Auctus
+ \[ \virga b' \inclinatum a \inclinatum \auctum g \]
}
\layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
\include "gregorian.ly"
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
- % Climacus Deminutus
- \[ \virga b \inclinatum a \inclinatum \deminutum g \]
+ \relative {
+ % Climacus Deminutus
+ \[ \virga b' \inclinatum a \inclinatum \deminutum g \]
}
\layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
\include "gregorian.ly"
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
+ \relative {
% Scandicus
- \[ g \pes a \virga b \]
+ \[ g' \pes a \virga b \]
}
\layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
\include "gregorian.ly"
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
- % Scandicus Auctus Descendens
- \[ g \pes a \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
+ \relative {
+ % Scandicus Auctus Descendens
+ \[ g' \pes a \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
}
\layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
\include "gregorian.ly"
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
- % Scandicus Deminutus
- \[ g \pes a \pes \deminutum b \]
+ \relative {
+ % Scandicus Deminutus
+ \[ g' \pes a \pes \deminutum b \]
}
\layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
\include "gregorian.ly"
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
+ \relative {
% Quilisma
- \[ g \pes \quilisma a \pes b \]
+ \[ g' \pes \quilisma a \pes b \]
}
\layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
\include "gregorian.ly"
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
+ \relative {
% Quilisma Pes Auctus Descendens
- \[ g \quilisma a \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
+ \[ g' \quilisma a \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
}
\layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
\include "gregorian.ly"
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
+ \relative {
% Oriscus
- \[ \oriscus b \]
+ \[ \oriscus b' \]
}
\layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
\include "gregorian.ly"
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
+ \relative {
% Pes Quassus
- \[ \oriscus g \pes \virga b \]
+ \[ \oriscus g' \pes \virga b \]
}
\layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
\include "gregorian.ly"
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
+ \relative {
% Pes Quassus Auctus Descendens
- \[ \oriscus g \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
+ \[ \oriscus g' \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
}
\layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
\include "gregorian.ly"
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
+ \relative {
% Salicus
- \[ g \oriscus a \pes \virga b \]
+ \[ g' \oriscus a \pes \virga b \]
}
\layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
\include "gregorian.ly"
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
+ \relative {
% Salicus Auctus Descendens
- \[ g \oriscus a \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
+ \[ g' \oriscus a \pes \auctum \descendens b \]
}
\layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
\include "gregorian.ly"
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
+ \relative {
% Stropha
- \[ \stropha b \]
+ \[ \stropha b' \]
}
\layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
\include "gregorian.ly"
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
+ \relative {
% Stropha Aucta
- \[ \stropha \auctum b \]
+ \[ \stropha \auctum b' \]
}
\layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
\include "gregorian.ly"
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
+ \relative {
% Bistropha
- \[ \stropha b \stropha b \]
+ \[ \stropha b' \stropha b \]
}
\layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
\include "gregorian.ly"
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
+ \relative {
% Tristropha
- \[ \stropha b \stropha b \stropha b \]
+ \[ \stropha b' \stropha b \stropha b \]
}
\layout { \neumeDemoLayout }}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[staffsize=26,line-width=1.0\cm]
\include "gregorian.ly"
\score {
- \transpose c c' {
+ \relative {
% Trigonus
- \[ \stropha b \stropha b \stropha a \]
+ \[ \stropha b' \stropha b \stropha a \]
}
\layout { \neumeDemoLayout }
}
* Kievan notes::
* Kievan accidentals::
* Kievan bar line::
+* Kievan melismata::
@end menu
@node Kievan contexts
@unnumberedsubsubsec Kievan contexts
-@cindex KievanVoiceContext
-@cindex KievanStaffContext
+@cindex KievanVoice
+@cindex KievanStaff
As with Mensural and Gregorian notation, the predefined
@code{KievanVoice} and @code{KievanStaff} contexts can be used
values, so you can immediately go ahead entering the chant:
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
+% Font settings for Cyrillic
+\paper {
+ #(define fonts
+ (set-global-fonts
+ #:roman "Linux Libertine O,serif"
+ ))
+}
+
\score {
<<
- \new KievanVoice = "melody" \transpose c c' {
+ \new KievanVoice = "melody" \relative c' {
\cadenzaOn
- c4 c c c c2 b,\longa
- \bar "k"
+ c4 c c c c2 b\longa
+ \bar "k"
}
\new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" {
Го -- спо -- ди по -- ми -- луй.
There is only one clef used in Kievan notation (the Tse-fa-ut Clef).
It is used to indicate the position of @code{c}:
-@lilypond[quote,relative=1,notime,verbatim]
+@lilypond[quote,fragment,notime,verbatim]
\clef "kievan-do"
\kievanOn
- c
+ c'
@end lilypond
@seealso
but may occur in earlier manuscripts. It has been included
primarily for the sake of compatibility.
-@lilypond[quote,relative=1,notime,verbatim]
+@lilypond[quote,fragment,notime,verbatim]
\clef "kievan-do"
\override Accidental.glyph-name-alist =
#alteration-kievan-glyph-name-alist
-bes' dis,
+bes' dis'
@end lilypond
@seealso
Notation Reference:
@ref{Accidentals},
@ref{Automatic accidentals},
-@ref{The Feta font}
+@ref{The Emmentaler font}
@node Kievan bar line
@unnumberedsubsubsec Kievan bar line
Kievan notation, which may be called the Kievan final bar line.
It can be invoked as @code{\bar "k"}.
-@lilypond[quote,relative=1,notime,verbatim]
+@lilypond[quote,fragment,notime,verbatim]
\kievanOn
\clef "kievan-do"
- c \bar "k"
+ c' \bar "k"
@end lilypond
@seealso
+Notation Reference:
@ref{Bars},
-@ref{The Feta font}
+@ref{The Emmentaler font}
+
+
+@node Kievan melismata
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Kievan melismata
+
+@cindex Ligatures
+
+Notes within a Kievan melisma are usually placed close to each other
+and the melismata separated by whitespace. This is done to allow
+the chanter to quickly identify the melodic structures of Znamenny
+chant. In LilyPond, melismata are treated as ligatures and the
+spacing is implemented by the @code{Kievan_ligature_engraver}.
+
+When the @code{KievanVoice} and @code{KievanStaff} contexts are used,
+the @code{Kievan_ligature_engraver} is enabled by default. In other
+contexts, it can be invoked by replacing the @code{Ligature_bracket_engraver}
+with the @code{Kievan_ligature_engraver} in the layout block:
+
+@example
+\layout @{
+ \context @{
+ \Voice
+ \remove "Ligature_bracket_engraver"
+ \consists "Kievan_ligature_engraver"
+ @}
+@}
+@end example
+
+The spacing between the notes within a Kievan ligature can be controlled
+by setting the @code{padding} property of the @code{KievanLigature}.
+
+The following example demonstrates the use of Kievan ligatures:
+
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
+% Font settings for Cyrillic
+\paper {
+ #(define fonts
+ (set-global-fonts
+ #:roman "Linux Libertine O,serif"
+ ))
+}
+
+\score {
+ <<
+ \new KievanVoice = "melody" \relative c' {
+ \cadenzaOn
+ e2 \[ e4( d4 ) \] \[ c4( d e d ) \] e1 \bar "k"
+ }
+ \new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" {
+ Га -- врі -- и -- лу
+ }
+ >>
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+@seealso
+Music Glossary:
+@rglos{ligature}.
+
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{White mensural ligatures},
+@ref{Gregorian square neume ligatures},
+@ref{Ligatures}.
+
+@knownissues
+Horizontal spacing of ligatures is poor.
@node Working with ancient music---scenarios and solutions
@subsection Working with ancient music---scenarios and solutions
These involve:
@itemize
-@item how to make incipits (i.e. prefatory material to indicate
+@item how to make incipits (i.e., prefatory material to indicate
what the original has looked like) to modern transcriptions of
mensural music;
@item how to achieve the @emph{Mensurstriche} layout frequently
@node Incipits
@unnumberedsubsubsec Incipits
+@funindex \incipit
+@cindex incipits, adding
-@c TODO Add text
-@c clefs, mensuration signs etc from lsr and -user
-@c use snippet Transcription-of-ancient-music-with-incipit
-TBC
+It is customary when transcribing mensural music into modern notation to place
+an indication of how the initial rests and note or notes of the original version
+appeared - including the original clefs. This is called an @emph{incipit}. The
+@code{\incipit} command uses the @code{indent} of the main staff to set the
+width occupied by the incipit, and @code{incipit-width} to set the width of the
+incipit staff.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
+\score {
+ \new Staff <<
+ \new Voice = Tenor {
+ \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Tenor"
+ \override Staff.InstrumentName.self-alignment-X = #RIGHT
+ \incipit { \clef "mensural-c4" \key f \major r\breve r1 c'1 }
+ \clef "treble_8"
+ \key f \major
+ R1 r2 c'2 |
+ a4. c'8
+ }
+ \new Lyrics \lyricsto Tenor { Cyn -- thia your }
+ >>
+ \layout
+ {
+ indent = 5\cm
+ incipit-width = 3\cm
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+@knownissues
+Note that instrumentName must be set in the music for the incipit to be
+produced. If no instrument name is required then use
+@code{\set Staff.instrumentName = #""}.
@c @seealso
@c ... and reference to other sections ...
@emph{Mensurstriche} (@q{mensuration lines}) is the accepted term
for bar lines that are drawn between the staves of a system but
not through the staves themselves. It is a common way to preserve
-the rhythmic appearance of the original, i.e. not having to break
+the rhythmic appearance of the original, i.e., not having to break
syncopated notes at bar lines, while still providing the
orientation aids that bar lines give.
@example
\layout @{
- ...
+ @dots{}
\context @{
\Voice
\remove "Stem_engraver"
@}
@end example
-However, in some transcription styles, stems are used
-occasionally, for example to indicate the transition from a
-single-tone recitative to a fixed melodic gesture. In these cases,
-one can use either @code{\override Stem.transparent = ##t} or
-@code{\override Stem.length = #0} instead, and restore the stem
-when needed with the corresponding @code{\once \override Stem.transparent = ##f} (see example below). When using stems that
-carry flags, make sure to set @code{\override Flag.transparent
-= ##t} as well.
-
@b{Timing.} For unmetered chant, there are several alternatives.
The Time_signature_engraver can be removed from the Staff context
invisible signature will still take up space.
In many cases, @code{\set Score.timing = ##f} will give good
-results. Another alternative is to use @code{\CadenzaOn} and
-@code{\CadenzaOff}.
+results. Another alternative is to use @code{\cadenzaOn} and
+@code{\cadenzaOff}.
To remove the bar lines, the radical approach is to @code{\remove}
the Bar_engraver from the Staff context. Again, one may want to
-use @code{\override BarLine.transparent = ##t} instead, if an
+use @code{\hide BarLine} instead, if an
occasional barline is wanted.
A common type of transcription is recitativic chant where the
@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right]
\include "gregorian.ly"
-chant = \relative c' {
+chant = \relative {
\clef "G_8"
- c\breve c4 b4 a c2 c4 \divisioMaior
+ c'\breve c4 b4 a c2 c4 \divisioMaior
c\breve c4 c f, f \finalis
}
\Staff
\remove "Time_signature_engraver"
\remove "Bar_engraver"
- \override Stem.transparent = ##t
- \override Flag.transparent = ##t
+ }
+ \context {
+ \Voice
+ \remove "Stem_engraver"
}
}
}
This works fine, as long as the text doesn't span a line break. If
that is the case, an alternative is to add hidden notes to the
-score, here in combination with changing stem visibility:
+score, as below.
+In some transcription styles, stems are used
+occasionally, for example to indicate the transition from a
+single-tone recitative to a fixed melodic gesture. In these cases,
+one can use either @code{\hide Stem} or
+@code{\override Stem.length = #0} instead of @code{\remove}-ing
+the @code{Stem_engraver} and restore the stem
+when needed with the corresponding @code{\undo \hide Stem}.
@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right]
\include "gregorian.ly"
-chant = \relative c' {
+chant = \relative {
\clef "G_8"
\set Score.timing = ##f
- c\breve \override NoteHead.transparent = ##t c c c c c
- \revert NoteHead.transparent
- \override Stem.transparent = ##f \stemUp c4 b4 a
- \override Stem.transparent = ##t
- \override Flag.transparent = ##t c2 c4 \divisioMaior
- c\breve \override NoteHead.transparent = ##t c c c c c c c
- \revert NoteHead.transparent c4 c f, f \finalis
+ \hide Stem
+ c'\breve \hide NoteHead c c c c c
+ \undo \hide NoteHead
+ \undo \hide Stem \stemUp c4 b4 a
+ \hide Stem c2 c4 \divisioMaior
+ c\breve \hide NoteHead c c c c c c c
+ \undo \hide NoteHead c4 c f, f \finalis
}
verba = \lyricmode {
\context {
\Staff
\remove "Time_signature_engraver"
- \override BarLine.transparent = ##t
- \override Stem.transparent = ##t
- \override Flag.transparent = ##t
+ \hide BarLine
}
}
}
@end lilypond
Another common situation is transcription of neumatic or
-melismatic chants, i.e. chants with a varying number of notes
+melismatic chants, i.e., chants with a varying number of notes
to each syllable. In this case, one would want to set the
syllable groups clearly apart, usually also the subdivisions of a
longer melisma. One way to achieve this is to use a fixed
@code{s} @q{notes}.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-spiritus = \relative c' {
+spiritus = \relative {
\time 1/4
\override Lyrics.LyricText.X-extent = #'(0 . 3)
- d4 \times 2/3 { f8 a g } g a a4 g f8 e
+ d'4 \tuplet 3/2 { f8 a g } g a a4 g f8 e
d4 f8 g g8 d f g a g f4 g8 a a4 s
- \times 2/3 { g8 f d } e f g a g4
+ \tuplet 3/2 { g8 f d } e f g a g4
}
spirLyr = \lyricmode {
\Staff
\remove "Time_signature_engraver"
\override BarLine.X-extent = #'(-1 . 1)
- \override Stem.transparent = ##t
- \override Flag.transparent = ##t
- \override Beam.transparent = ##t
- \override BarLine.transparent = ##t
- \override TupletNumber.transparent = ##t
+ \hide Stem
+ \hide Beam
+ \hide BarLine
+ \hide TupletNumber
}
}
}
@node Ancient and modern from one source
@unnumberedsubsubsec Ancient and modern from one source
-@c TODO Add text
-@c Here among others the snippets about reducing note length
-TBC
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
+{using-tags-to-produce-mensural-and-modern-music-from-the-same-source.ly}
@c @seealso
@c ... and reference to other sections ...
@c try Till Rettig
@c Add example of white note heads:
@c In the french baroque some composers used white note heads in slow pieces,
-@c mainly in 3/2-time. A quarter looks there like a eighth with a white
+@c mainly in 3/2-time. A quarter looks there like an eighth with a white
@c note head. (Franz-Rudolf Kuhnen)
@c TODO Add example of this:
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff