Guide, node Updating translation committishes..
@end ignore
-@c \version "2.12.0"
+@c \version "2.13.36"
@node Vocal music
@section Vocal music
@itemize
@item
-Most styles of vocal music use written text as lyrics. An introduction
-to this notation is to be found in @rlearning{Setting simple songs}.
+Most styles of vocal music use written text as lyrics. An
+introduction to this notation is to be found in
+@rlearning{Setting simple songs}.
@item
-Vocal music is likely to require the use of @code{markup} mode, either
-for lyrics of for other text elements (character's names, etc.).
-This syntax is described in @ref{Text markup introduction}.
+Vocal music is likely to require the use of @code{markup} mode,
+either for lyrics or for other text elements (characters' names,
+etc.) This syntax is described in @ref{Text markup introduction}.
@item
-@notation{Ambitus} may be added at the beginning of vocal staves, as explained
-in @ref{Ambitus}.
+@notation{Ambitus} may be added at the beginning of vocal staves,
+as explained in @ref{Ambitus}.
+
+@item
+Dynamic markings by default are placed below the staff, but in
+choral music they are usually placed above the staff in order to
+avoid the lyrics, as explained in @ref{Score layouts for choral}.
@end itemize
Music Glossary:
@rglos{ambitus}.
+Learning Manual:
+@rlearning{Setting simple songs}.
+
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Text markup introduction},
+@ref{Ambitus},
+@ref{Score layouts for choral}.
+
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Vocal music}.
+
@node Entering lyrics
@unnumberedsubsubsec Entering lyrics
Lyrics are entered in a special input mode, which can be introduced
by the keyword @code{\lyricmode}, or by using @code{\addlyrics} or
-@code{\lyricsto}. In this mode the input @code{d} is not parsed as
-the pitch @notation{D}, but rather as a one-letter syllable of text.
-In other words, syllables are entered like notes but with pitches
-replaced by text.
+@code{\lyricsto}. In this special input mode, the input @code{d}
+is not parsed as the pitch @notation{D}, but rather as a one-letter
+syllable of text. In other words, syllables are entered like notes
+but with pitches replaced by text.
For example:
For more information, see @ref{Text encoding}.
@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
-\relative c' { e4 f e d e f e2 }
-\addlyrics { He said: “Let my peo -- ple go.” }
+\relative c'' { d8 c16 a bes8 f e' d c4 }
+\addlyrics { „Schad’ um das schö -- ne grü -- ne Band, }
@end lilypond
Normal quotes may be used in lyrics, but they have to be preceded
c4 b8. a16 g4. f8 e4 d c2
}
-% uses default durations of 2;
+% uses previous explicit duration of 2;
\new Lyrics \lyricmode {
Joy to the earth!
}
@end lilypond
The first stanza is not aligned with the notes because the durations
-were not specified, and the default value of 2 is used for each
+were not specified, and the previous value of 2 is used for each
word.
The second stanza shows how the words can be aligned quite
independently from the notes. This is useful if the words to
different stanzas fit the notes in different ways and the required
durations are not available in a music context. For more details
-see @ref{Manual syllable durations}. This technical is also useful
+see @ref{Manual syllable durations}. This technique is also useful
when setting dialogue over music; for examples showing this, see
@ref{Dialogue over music}.
@code{\addlyrics} sections:
-@lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,quote]
-\time 3/4
-\relative c' { c2 e4 g2. }
-\addlyrics { play the game }
-\addlyrics { speel het spel }
-\addlyrics { joue le jeu }
+@lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,quote]
+{
+ \time 3/4
+ \relative c' { c2 e4 g2. }
+ \addlyrics { play the game }
+ \addlyrics { speel het spel }
+ \addlyrics { joue le jeu }
+}
@end lilypond
The command @code{\addlyrics} cannot handle polyphonic settings.
@seealso
Notation Reference:
-@ref{Extenders and hyphens}.
+@ref{Extenders and hyphens},
+@ref{Keeping contexts alive}.
@node Manual syllable durations
@unnumberedsubsubsec Manual syllable durations
@seealso
Notation Reference:
-@ref{Dialogue over music},
-@ref{Keeping contexts alive}.
+@ref{Dialogue over music}.
Internals Reference:
@rinternals{Lyrics},
sure to have a font (like DejaVuLGC) installed that includes this
glyph.
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
-\time 3/4
-\relative c' { c2 e4 g2 e4 }
-\addlyrics { gran- de_a- mi- go }
-\addlyrics { pu- "ro y ho-" nes- to }
-\addlyrics { pu- ro~y~ho- nes- to }
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
+{
+ \time 3/4
+ \relative c' { c2 e4 g2 e4 }
+ \addlyrics { gran- de_a- mi- go }
+ \addlyrics { pu- "ro y ho-" nes- to }
+ \addlyrics { pu- ro~y~ho- nes- to }
+}
@end lilypond
e8
}
\new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" {
- Ki -- ri -- e __
+ Ky -- ri -- e __
}
>>
@end lilypond
e8 ( d e2 )
}
\new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" {
- Ki -- ri -- e __
+ Ky -- ri -- e __
}
>>
@end lilypond
e2.
}
\new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" {
- Ki -- ri -- e
+ Ky -- ri -- e
}
>>
@end lilypond
-Clearly this is not suited to melisma over notes which are longer
+Clearly this is not suited to melismata over notes which are longer
than eighth notes.
@item
e2.
}
\new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" {
- Ki -- ri -- e
+ Ky -- ri -- e
}
>>
@end lilypond
e8 d e2
}
\new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" {
- Ki -- ri -- _ _ _ e __ _ _
+ Ky -- ri -- _ _ _ e __ _ _
}
>>
@end lilypond
@cindex melisma
@cindex extender
+@c TODO cf Multiple notes to one syllable; should this be merged in?
+
@c leave this as samp. -gp
In the last syllable of a word, melismata are sometimes indicated with
a long horizontal line starting in the melisma syllable, and ending in
@cindex hyphens
@c leave this as samp. -gp
-Centered hyphens are entered as @samp{ -- } between syllables of a same word
-(note the spaces before and after the two hyphen characters). The hyphen
-will be centered between the syllables, and its length will be adjusted
-depending on the space between the syllables.
+Centered hyphens are entered as @samp{ -- } between syllables of a
+same word (note the spaces before and after the two hyphen
+characters). The hyphen will be centered between the syllables, and
+its length will be adjusted depending on the space between the
+syllables.
In tightly engraved music, hyphens can be removed. Whether this
happens can be controlled with the @code{minimum-distance} (minimum
distance between two syllables) and the @code{minimum-length}
-(threshold below which hyphens are removed).
+(threshold below which hyphens are removed) properties of
+@code{LyricHyphen}.
@seealso
For different or more complex orderings, the best way is to define
the music and lyric variables first, then set up the hierarchy of
-staves and lyrics, omitting the lyrics and then add the lyrics using
-@code{\context} underneath. This ensures that the voices referenced
-by @code{\lyricsto} have always been defined earlier. For example:
+staves and lyrics, omitting the lyrics themselves, and then add the
+lyrics using @code{\context} underneath. This ensures that the
+voices referenced by @code{\lyricsto} have always been defined
+earlier. For example:
@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
sopranoMusic = \relative c'' { c4 c c c }
Alternatively, a two-step process may be used. First the Lyrics
context is declared (without any content) before the Staff and
-Voice contexts, then the @code{\lyricsto} command comes after
-the Voice declaration it references, as follows:
+Voice contexts, then the @code{\lyricsto} command is placed after
+the Voice declaration it references by using @code{\context}, as
+follows:
@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
\score {
To increase the spacing between lyrics, set the @code{minimum-distance}
property of @code{LyricSpace}.
-@lilypond[relative,verbatim,fragment,quote,ragged-right]
+@lilypond[relative=1,verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
{
c c c c
\override Lyrics.LyricSpace #'minimum-distance = #1.0
@noindent
To make this change for all lyrics in the score, set the property in the
-layout.
+@code{\layout} block.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
\score {
}
@end lilypond
-@c @snippets
-@c This snippet has been renamed to "lyrics-alignment.ly"
-@c update as soon as lsr/is updated -vv
-@c @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
-@c {lyrics-alignment.ly}
+@snippets
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
+{lyrics-alignment.ly}
@c TODO: move to LSR -vv
-@snippets
Checking to make sure that text scripts and lyrics are within the margins is
a relatively large computational task. To speed up processing, LilyPond does
Stanza numbers can be added by setting @code{stanza}, e.g.,
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,relative=2,fragment]
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,relative=2]
\new Voice {
\time 3/4 g2 e4 a2 f4 g2.
} \addlyrics {
the line, just like instrument names. They are created by setting
@code{vocalName}. A short version may be entered as @code{shortVocalName}.
-@lilypond[fragment,ragged-right,quote,verbatim,relative=2]
+@lilypond[ragged-right,quote,verbatim,relative=2]
\new Voice {
\time 3/4 g2 e4 a2 f4 g2.
} \addlyrics {
@subsubheading Ignoring melismata
One possibility is that the text has a melisma in one stanza, but
-multiple syllables in another one. One solution is to make the faster
+multiple syllables in another. One solution is to make the faster
voice ignore the melisma. This is done by setting
@code{ignoreMelismata} in the Lyrics context.
@end lilypond
@knownissues
-Like for @code{associatedVoice}, @code{includeGraceNotes} needs to be
+Like @code{associatedVoice}, @code{includeGraceNotes} needs to be
set at latest one syllable before the one which is to be put under a
grace note. For the case of a grace note at the very beginning of a
piece of music, consider using a @code{\with} or @code{\context}
@subsubheading Switching to an alternative melody
-More complex variations in text underlay are possible. It is possible
-to switch the melody for a line of lyrics during the text. This is
-done by setting the @code{associatedVoice} property. In the example
+@cindex associatedVoice
+@cindex alternative melody, switching to
+
+More complex variations in setting lyrics to music are possible.
+The melody to which the lyrics are being set can be changed from
+within the lyrics by setting the @code{associatedVoice} property:
-@lilypond[ragged-right,quote]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
<<
\relative c' \new Voice = "lahlah" {
\set Staff.autoBeaming = ##f
\new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" {
% Tricky: need to set associatedVoice
% one syllable too soon!
- \set associatedVoice = alternative % applies to "ran"
+ \set associatedVoice = "alternative" % applies to "ran"
Ty --
ran --
no --
- \set associatedVoice = lahlah % applies to "rus"
+ \set associatedVoice = "lahlah" % applies to "rus"
sau -- rus Rex
} >>
@end lilypond
@noindent
-the text for the first stanza is set to a melody called @q{lahlah},
+The text for the first stanza is set to the melody called @q{lahlah}
+in the usual way, but the second stanza is set initally to the
+@code{lahlah} context and is then switched to the @code{alternative}
+melody for the syllables @q{ran} to @q{sau} by the lines:
@example
-\new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" @{
- Ju -- ras -- sic Park
-@}
-@end example
-
-
-The second stanza initially is set to the @code{lahlah} context, but
-for the syllable @q{ran}, it switches to a different melody.
-This is achieved with
-@example
-\set associatedVoice = alternative
+\set associatedVoice = "alternative" % applies to "ran"
+Ty --
+ran --
+no --
+\set associatedVoice = "lahlah" % applies to "rus"
+sau -- rus Rex
@end example
@noindent
Here, @code{alternative} is the name of the @code{Voice} context
containing the triplet.
-@c TODO: make this easier to understand -vv
-This command must be one syllable too early, before @q{Ty} in this
-case. In other words, changing the associatedVoice happens one step
-later than expected. This is for technical reasons, and it is not a
-bug.
-
-@example
-\new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" @{
- \set associatedVoice = alternative % applies to "ran"
- Ty --
- ran --
- no --
- \set associatedVoice = lahlah % applies to "rus"
- sau -- rus Rex
-@}
-@end example
+Note the placement of the @code{\set associatedVoice} command --
+it appears to be one syllable too early, but this is correct.
-@noindent
-The underlay is switched back to the starting situation by assigning
-@code{lahlah} to @code{associatedVoice}.
+@warning{The @code{\set associatedVoice} command must be placed
+one syllable @emph{before} the one at which the switch to the new
+voice is to occur. In other words, changing the associated Voice
+happens one syllable later than expected. This is for technical
+reasons, and it is not a bug.}
@node Printing stanzas at the end
@ref{Placing lyrics vertically},
@ref{Stanzas}.
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Vocal music}.
+
@node Lead sheets
@unnumberedsubsubsec Lead sheets
@ref{Shape note heads},
@ref{Single-staff polyphony}.
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Vocal music}.
+
Internals Reference:
@rinternals{ChoirStaff},
@rinternals{Lyrics},
@ref{Writing parts},
@ref{Writing text}.
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Vocal music}.
+
@node Character names
@unnumberedsubsubsec Character names
@ref{Using music functions}.
Snippets:
-@rlsr{vocal-music}.
+@rlsr{Vocal music}.
Internals Reference:
@rinternals{InstrumentSwitch},
Notation reference:
@ref{Ancient notation}.
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Vocal music}.
+
@node Setting a chant
@unnumberedsubsubsec Setting a chant