Guide, node Updating translation committishes..
@end ignore
-@c \version "2.14.0"
+@c \version "2.19.21"
@node Repeats
@section Repeats
This section discusses how to input long (usually multi-measure)
repeats. The repeats can take two forms: repeats enclosed between
-repeat signs; or written out repeats, used to input repetitious music.
+repeat signs; or written-out repeats, used to input repetitious music.
Repeat signs can also be controlled manually.
@menu
\repeat volta 2 { d4 e f g }
@end lilypond
+An @q{opening} repeat mark is not, by default, printed in the first full
+measure. However it is possible to add one by using @code{\bar ".|:"}
+before the first note.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,fragment,quote,relative=2]
+\repeat volta 2 { \bar ".|:" c4 d e f }
+c2 d
+\repeat volta 2 { d4 e f g }
+@end lilypond
+
Alternative endings can be produced using @code{\alternative}. Each
group of alternatives must be themselves, enclosed in a set of braces.
c1
@end lilypond
-A single repeat with more than one alternate ending:
+Multiple repeats with one alternate ending:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
\repeat volta 4 { c4 d e f | }
@cindex repeat with upbeat
@cindex upbeat in a repeat
-@cindex anacrucis in a repeat
-@cindex repeat with anacrucis
+@cindex anacrusis in a repeat
+@cindex repeat with anacrusis
@cindex repeat with pickup
@cindex pickup in a repeat
@funindex \partial
g1 |
@end lilypond
-When alternate endings are added to a repeat that begins with an
-incomplete measure, it becomes necessary to set the
-@code{Timing.measureLength} context property manually, in the
-following specific places:
-
-@itemize
-@item
-at the start of any incomplete measures in the @code{\alternative}
-block, which normally occur at the end of each alternative, except
-(in most cases) the last.
-
-@item
-at the start of each alternative, except the first.
-@end itemize
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
-\partial 4
-\repeat volta 2 { e4 | c2 e | }
-\alternative {
- {
- f2 d |
- \set Timing.measureLength = #(ly:make-moment 3 4)
- g4 g g % optional bar check is allowed here
- }
- {
- \set Timing.measureLength = #(ly:make-moment 4 4)
- a2 a |
- }
-}
-g1 |
-@end lilypond
-
-The @code{measureLength} property is described in @ref{Time
-administration}.
-
-@cindex repeats with ties
-@cindex alternative endings with ties
-@cindex ties in repeats
-@cindex ties in alternative endings
+@cindex repeats, with ties
+@cindex alternative endings, with ties
+@cindex ties, in repeats
+@cindex ties, alternative endings
@funindex \repeatTie
Ties may be added to a second ending:
}
@end lilypond
-@snippets
+@funindex \inStaffSegno
+@cindex repeats, with segno
+@cindex segno, with repeats
+
+The @code{\inStaffSegno} command can be used to generate a composite
+bar line incorporating the segno symbol with the appropriate repeat
+bar line when used with the @code{\repeat volta} command. The
+correct type of repeat bar line, viz. start repeat, end repeat or
+double repeat, is selected automatically. Note that the
+corresponding @qq{D.S.} mark must be added manually.
+Away from a repeat:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
+e1
+\inStaffSegno
+f2 g a b
+c1_"D.S." \bar "|."
+@end lilypond
+
+At the start of a repeat:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
+e1
+\repeat volta 2 {
+ \inStaffSegno % start repeat
+ f2 g a b
+}
+c1_"D.S." \bar "|."
+@end lilypond
+
+At the end of a repeat:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
+e1
+\repeat volta 2 {
+ f2 g a b
+ \inStaffSegno % end repeat
+}
+f2 g a b
+c1_"D.S." \bar "|."
+@end lilypond
+
+Between two repeats:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
+e1
+\repeat volta 2 {
+ f2 g a b
+}
+\inStaffSegno % double repeat
+\repeat volta 2 {
+ f2 g a b
+}
+c1_"D.S." \bar "|."
+@end lilypond
+
+Alternative bar line symbols can be obtained by setting (in the Score
+context) the properties @code{segnoType}, @code{startRepeatSegnoType},
+@code{endRepeatSegnoType} or @code{doubleRepeatSegnoType} to the
+required bar line type. The alternative bar line types must be
+selected from the pre-defined types or types previously defined
+with the @code{\defineBarLine} command (see @ref{Bar lines}).
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
+\defineBarLine ":|.S[" #'(":|." "S[" "")
+\defineBarLine "]" #'("]" "" "")
+e1
+\repeat volta 2 {
+ f2 g a b
+ \once \set Score.endRepeatSegnoType = ":|.S["
+ \inStaffSegno
+}
+f2 g \bar "]" a b
+c1_"D.S." \bar "|."
+@end lilypond
+
+@snippets
@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
{shortening-volta-brackets.ly}
@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
{setting-the-double-repeat-default-for-volte.ly}
+@cindex repeats, bar numbers letters
+@cindex repeats, alternative bar numbers
+
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{alternative-bar-numbering.ly}
+
@seealso
Music Glossary:
@rglos{repeat},
Notation Reference:
@ref{Bar lines},
@ref{Modifying context plug-ins},
+@ref{Modifying ties and slurs},
@ref{Time administration}.
+Installed Files:
+@file{ly/engraver-init.ly}.
+
Snippets:
@rlsr{Repeats}.
@rinternals{VoltaRepeatedMusic},
@rinternals{UnfoldedRepeatedMusic}.
-
@knownissues
-
@cindex repeat, ambiguous
@cindex nested repeat
@cindex repeat, nested
@cindex repeat and measure number
@cindex timing information and repeats
@cindex measure number and repeats
-@cindex repeat and slur
-@cindex slur and repeat
+@cindex repeats and slur
+@cindex slur and repeats
+@cindex glissandi and repeats
+@cindex repeats and glissandi
Slurs that span from a @code{\repeat} block into an
-@code{\alternative} block will only work for the first alternate
-ending. Also, slurs cannot wrap around from the end of one
+@code{\alternative} block will only work for the first alternative
+ending. The visual appearance of a continuing slur in other
+alternative blocks may be simulated with @code{\repeatTie} if the
+slur extends into only one note in the alternative block, although
+this method does not work in @code{TabStaff}. Other methods which
+may be tailored to indicate continuing slurs over several notes in
+alternative blocks, and which also work in @code{TabStaff} contexts,
+are shown in @ref{Modifying ties and slurs}.
+
+Also, slurs cannot wrap around from the end of one
alternative back to the beginning of the repeat.
+Glissandi that span from a @code{\repeat} block into an
+@code{\alternative} block will only work for the first alternative
+ending. The visual appearance of a continuing glissando in other
+alternative blocks may be indicated by coding a glissando starting
+on a hidden grace note. For an example, see
+@qq{Extending glissandi across repeats} under Selected Snippets
+in @ref{Glissando}.
+
If a repeat that begins with an incomplete measure has an
@code{\alternative} block that contains modifications to the
@code{measureLength} property, using @code{\unfoldRepeats} will
@table @code
@item start-repeat
-Print a @code{|:} bar line.
+Print a @code{.|:} bar line.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
c1
at the beginning of a piece.
@item end-repeat
-Print a @code{:|} bar line:
+Print a @code{:|.} bar line:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
c1
c1
@end lilypond
-@item (volta @var{number}) ... (volta #f)
+@item (volta @var{number}) @dots{} (volta #f)
Create a new volta with the specified number. The volta bracket must
be explicitly terminated, or it will not be printed.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
voltaAdLib = \markup { 1. 2. 3... \text \italic { ad lib. } }
-\relative c'' {
- c1
- \set Score.repeatCommands = #(list(list 'volta voltaAdLib) 'start-repeat)
+\relative {
+ c''1
+ \set Score.repeatCommands =
+ #(list(list 'volta voltaAdLib) 'start-repeat)
c4 b d e
\set Score.repeatCommands = #'((volta #f) (volta "4.") end-repeat)
f1
}
@end lilypond
-
-@snippets
-
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
-{printing-a-repeat-sign-at-the-beginning-of-a-piece.ly}
-
-
@seealso
Notation Reference:
@ref{Bar lines},
@unnumberedsubsubsec Written-out repeats
@cindex written-out repeats
-@cindex repetitious music
@cindex repeats, written-out
-@cindex repeat, unfold
-@cindex unfold music
+@cindex repeats, unfold
+@cindex repeats, alternative
@cindex unfold repeat
-@cindex unfold repeat with alternate endings
-@cindex unfold music with alternate endings
-@cindex alternate ending in written-out repeats
+@cindex unfold repeat, alternate endings
+@cindex alternate repeats
+@cindex alternate endings, repeats
@funindex unfold
-By using the @code{unfold} command, repeats can be used to simplify
-the writing out of repetitious music. The syntax is
+By using the @code{unfold} command, repeats can be used to simplify the
+writing out of repetitious music. The syntax is
@example
\repeat unfold @var{repeatcount} @var{musicexpr}
c1
@end lilypond
+In some cases, especially in a @code{\relative} context, the
+@code{\repeat unfold} function is not the same as writing out the
+music expression multiple times. E.g,
+
+@example
+\repeat unfold 2 @{ a'4 b c @}
+@end example
+
+is not equivalent to
+
+@example
+a'4 b c | a'4 b c
+@end example
+
Unfold repeats can be made with alternate endings.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
c1
@end lilypond
+Chord constructs can be repeated by the chord repetition symbol
+@code{q}. See @ref{Chord repetition}.
-@warning{If you include @code{@bs{}relative} inside a
-@code{@bs{}repeat} without explicitly instantiating the
-@code{Voice} context, extra (unwanted) staves will appear. See
-@rprogram{An extra staff appears}.}
-
+@warning{If you include @code{@bs{}relative} inside a @code{@bs{}repeat}
+without explicitly instantiating the @code{Voice} context, extra
+(unwanted) staves will appear. See @rprogram{An extra staff appears}.}
@seealso
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Chord repetition}.
+
Snippets:
@rlsr{Repeats}.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
\repeat percent 4 { c8. <d f>16 }
-\repeat percent 2 { \times 2/3 { r8 c d } e4 }
+\repeat percent 2 { \tuplet 3/2 { r8 c d } e4 }
@end lilypond
@snippets
@end lilypond
@cindex tremolo marks
-@funindex tremoloFlags
@funindex :
The same output can be obtained by adding @code{:@var{N}} after
the note, where @code{@var{N}} indicates the duration of the
subdivision (it must be at least 8). If @code{@var{N}} is 8, one
beam is added to the note's stem. If @code{@var{N}} is omitted,
-the last value (stored in @code{tremoloFlags}) is used:
+the last value is used:
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
c2:8 c:32
@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
{cross-staff-tremolos.ly}
-
@seealso
Snippets:
@rlsr{Repeats}.
@cindex tremolo, cross-staff
@cindex cross-staff tremolo
-
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff