Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the
- version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
+ version that you are working on. For details, see the Contributors'
+ Guide, node Updating translation committishes..
@end ignore
-@c \version "2.12.0"
+@c \version "2.13.36"
@node Pitches
engraved in the octave below middle C.
@c don't use c' here.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,fragment]
-\clef bass
-c d e f
-g a b c
-d e f g
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+{
+ \clef bass
+ c4 d e f
+ g4 a b c
+ d4 e f g
+}
@end lilypond
@cindex octave changing mark
pitch by one octave; each@tie{}@code{,} lowers the pitch by an
octave.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,fragment]
-\clef treble
-c' c'' e' g
-d'' d' d c
-\clef bass
-c, c,, e, g
-d,, d, d c
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+{
+ \clef treble
+ c'4 c'' e' g
+ d''4 d' d c
+ \clef bass
+ c,4 c,, e, g
+ d,,4 d, d c
+}
@end lilypond
@cindex relative octave entry
@cindex octave entry, relative
@cindex relative octave specification
-@cindex ocatve specification, relative
+@cindex octave specification, relative
@funindex relative
@funindex \relative
In relative mode, each note is assumed to be as close to the
previous note as possible. This means that the octave of each
-pitch inside @var{musicexpr} is calculated as follows:
+pitch inside @code{@var{musicexpr}} is calculated as follows:
@itemize
@item
@item
The pitch of the first note is relative to
-@code{@var{startpitch}}. @var{startpitch} is specified in
+@code{@var{startpitch}}. @code{@var{startpitch}} is specified in
absolute octave mode, and it is recommended that it be a octave of
@code{c}.
-
@end itemize
Here is the relative mode shown in action:
@c DEPRECATED
-If no @var{startpitch} is specified for @code{\relative},
+If no @code{@var{startpitch}} is specified for @code{\relative},
then@tie{}@code{c'} is assumed. However, this is a deprecated
option and may disappear in future versions, so its use is
discouraged.
new system:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-cis1 ~ cis ~
+cis1~ cis~
\break
cis
@end lilypond
@snippets
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
-{preventing-extra-naturals-from-being-automatically-added.ly}
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle,ragged-right]
+{hiding-accidentals-on-tied-notes-at-the-start-of-a-new-system.ly}
@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
-{makam-example.ly}
-
+{preventing-extra-naturals-from-being-automatically-added.ly}
@seealso
Music Glossary:
@cindex language, pitch names in other
There are predefined sets of note and accidental names for various
-other languages. To use them, include the language-specific init
-file listed below. For example, to use English note names, add
-@code{@w{\include "english.ly"}} to the input file.
+other languages. Selecting the note name language is usually done
+at the beginning of the file; the following example is written
+using Italian note names:
-@warning{Because some other include files (such as @code{@w{predefined-fretboards.ly}})
-use default (Nederlands) note names, the @code{@bs{}include}
-command for the language file should be placed after all other
-LilyPond distribution files.}
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
+\language "italiano"
+
+\relative do' {
+ do re mi sib
+}
+@end lilypond
-The available language files and the note names they define are:
+The available languages and the note names they define are:
@quotation
-@multitable {@file{nederlands.ly}} {do re mi fa sol la sib si}
-@headitem Language File
+@multitable {@code{nederlands}} {do re mi fa sol la sib si}
+@headitem Language
@tab Note Names
-@item @file{nederlands.ly}
+@item @code{nederlands}
@tab c d e f g a bes b
-@item @file{arabic.ly}
+@item @code{catalan}
@tab do re mi fa sol la sib si
-@item @file{catalan.ly}
- @tab do re mi fa sol la sib si
-@item @file{deutsch.ly}
+@item @code{deutsch}
@tab c d e f g a b h
-@item @file{english.ly}
+@item @code{english}
@tab c d e f g a bf b
-@item @file{espanol.ly}
+@item @code{espanol}
@tab do re mi fa sol la sib si
-@item @file{italiano.ly}
+@item @code{italiano}
@tab do re mi fa sol la sib si
-@item @file{norsk.ly}
+@item @code{norsk}
@tab c d e f g a b h
-@item @file{portugues.ly}
+@item @code{portugues}
@tab do re mi fa sol la sib si
-@item @file{suomi.ly}
+@item @code{suomi}
@tab c d e f g a b h
-@item @file{svenska.ly}
+@item @code{svenska}
@tab c d e f g a b h
-@item @file{vlaams.ly}
+@item @code{vlaams}
@tab do re mi fa sol la sib si
@end multitable
@end quotation
-@noindent
-and the accidental suffixes they define are:
+In addition to note names, accidental suffixes may
+also vary depending on the language:
@quotation
-@multitable {@file{nederlands.ly}} {-s/-sharp} {-ess/-es} {-ss/-x/-sharpsharp} {-essess/-eses}
-@headitem Language File
+@multitable {@code{nederlands}} {-s/-sharp} {-ess/-es} {-ss/-x/-sharpsharp} {-essess/-eses}
+@headitem Language
@tab sharp @tab flat @tab double sharp @tab double flat
-@item @file{nederlands.ly}
+@item @code{nederlands}
@tab -is @tab -es @tab -isis @tab -eses
-@item @file{arabic.ly}
- @tab -d @tab -b @tab -dd @tab -bb
-@item @file{catalan.ly}
+@item @code{catalan}
@tab -d/-s @tab -b @tab -dd/-ss @tab -bb
-@item @file{deutsch.ly}
+@item @code{deutsch}
@tab -is @tab -es @tab -isis @tab -eses
-@item @file{english.ly}
+@item @code{english}
@tab -s/-sharp @tab -f/-flat @tab -ss/-x/-sharpsharp
@tab -ff/-flatflat
-@item @file{espanol.ly}
+@item @code{espanol}
@tab -s @tab -b @tab -ss/-x @tab -bb
-@item @file{italiano.ly}
+@item @code{italiano}
@tab -d @tab -b @tab -dd @tab -bb
-@item @file{norsk.ly}
+@item @code{norsk}
@tab -iss/-is @tab -ess/-es @tab -ississ/-isis
@tab -essess/-eses
-@item @file{portugues.ly}
+@item @code{portugues}
@tab -s @tab -b @tab -ss @tab -bb
-@item @file{suomi.ly}
+@item @code{suomi}
@tab -is @tab -es @tab -isis @tab -eses
-@item @file{svenska.ly}
+@item @code{svenska}
@tab -iss @tab -ess @tab -ississ @tab -essess
-@item @file{vlaams.ly}
+@item @code{vlaams}
@tab -k @tab -b @tab -kk @tab -bb
@end multitable
@end quotation
@cindex sesqui-flat
Some music uses microtones whose alterations are fractions of a
-@q{normal} sharp or flat. The note names for quarter-tones
-defined in the various language files are listed in the following
-table. Here the prefixes @notation{semi-} and @notation{sesqui-}
-mean @q{half} and @q{one and a half}, respectively. For the other
-languages, no special names have been defined yet.
+@q{normal} sharp or flat. The following table lists note names
+for quarter-tone accidentals in various languages; here the prefixes
+@notation{semi-} and @notation{sesqui-} respectively
+mean @q{half} and @q{one and a half}. Languages that do not
+appear in this table do not provide special note names yet.
@quotation
-@multitable {@file{nederlands.ly}} {@b{semi-sharp}} {@b{semi-flat}} {@b{sesqui-sharp}} {@b{sesqui-flat}}
-@headitem Language File
+@multitable {@code{nederlands}} {@b{semi-sharp}} {@b{semi-flat}} {@b{sesqui-sharp}} {@b{sesqui-flat}}
+@headitem Language
@tab semi-sharp @tab semi-flat @tab sesqui-sharp @tab sesqui-flat
-@item @file{nederlands.ly}
+@item @code{nederlands}
@tab -ih @tab -eh @tab -isih @tab -eseh
-@item @file{arabic.ly}
- @tab -sd @tab -sb @tab -dsd @tab -bsb
-@item @file{deutsch.ly}
+@item @code{deutsch}
@tab -ih @tab -eh @tab -isih @tab -eseh
-@item @file{english.ly}
+@item @code{english}
@tab -qs @tab -qf @tab -tqs @tab -tqf
-@item @file{espanol.ly}
+@item @code{espanol}
@tab -cs @tab -cb @tab -tcs @tab -tcb
-@item @file{italiano.ly}
+@item @code{italiano}
@tab -sd @tab -sb @tab -dsd @tab -bsb
-@item @file{portugues.ly}
+@item @code{portugues}
@tab -sqt @tab -bqt @tab -stqt @tab -btqt
@end multitable
@end quotation
+Most languages presented here are commonly associated with
+Western classical music, also referred to as
+@notation{Common Practice Period}. However, alternate
+pitches and tuning systems are also supported: see
+@ref{Common notation for non-Western music}.
+
@seealso
Music Glossary:
-@rglos{Pitch names}.
+@rglos{Pitch names},
+@rglos{Common Practice Period}.
+
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Common notation for non-Western music}.
Snippets:
@rlsr{Pitches}.
@end lilypond
The octave of notes may also be checked with the
-@code{\octaveCheck}@tie{}@var{controlpitch} command.
-@var{controlpitch} is specified in absolute mode. This checks
-that the interval between the previous note and the
-@var{controlpitch} is within a fourth (i.e., the normal
+@code{\octaveCheck@tie{}@var{controlpitch}} command.
+@code{@var{controlpitch}} is specified in absolute mode. This
+checks that the interval between the previous note and the
+@code{@var{controlpitch}} is within a fourth (i.e., the normal
calculation of relative mode). If this check fails, a warning is
printed, but the previous note is not changed. Future notes are
-relative to the @var{controlpitch}.
+relative to the @code{@var{controlpitch}}.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
\relative c'' {
@end example
@noindent
-This means that @var{musicexpr} is transposed by the interval
-between the pitches @var{frompitch} and @var{topitch}: any note
-with pitch @var{frompitch} is changed to @var{topitch} and any
-other note is transposed by the same interval. Both pitches are
-entered in absolute mode.
+This means that @code{@var{musicexpr}} is transposed by the
+interval between the pitches @code{@var{frompitch}} and
+@code{@var{topitch}}: any note with pitch @code{@var{frompitch}}
+is changed to @code{@var{topitch}} and any other note is
+transposed by the same interval. Both pitches are entered in
+absolute mode.
@warning{Music inside a @code{@bs{}transpose} block is absolute
unless a @code{@bs{}relative} is included in the block.}
@cindex clef, mezzosoprano
@cindex clef, baritone
@cindex clef, varbaritone
-@cindex subbass clef, subbass
+@cindex clef, subbass
+
@funindex \clef
@funindex clef
-The clef may be altered. Middle C is shown in every example.
+The clef may be altered. Middle C is shown in every example. The
+following clef names can (but do not need to) be enclosed in quotes.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
\clef treble
c2 c
\clef percussion
c2 c
-\clef tab
-c2 c
\break
-\clef G
+\clef G % synonym for treble
c2 c
-\clef F
+\clef F % synonym for bass
c2 c
-\clef C
+\clef C % synonym for alto
c2 c
-
@end lilypond
-Further supported clefs are described under @ref{Mensural clefs}
-and @ref{Gregorian clefs}.
-
-@cindex transposing clefs
+@cindex transposing clef
@cindex clef, transposing
@cindex octave transposition
@cindex choral tenor clef
@cindex tenor clef, choral
By adding@tie{}@code{_8} or@tie{}@code{^8} to the clef name, the
-clef is transposed one octave down or up, respectively,
+clef is transposed one octave down or up respectively,
and@tie{}@code{_15} and@tie{}@code{^15} transpose by two octaves.
-The clef name must be enclosed in quotes when it contains
-underscores or digits.
+Other integers can be used if required. Clef names containing
+non-alphabetic characters must be enclosed in quotes
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
\clef treble
c2 c
\clef "treble_8"
c2 c
\clef "bass^15"
c2 c
+\clef "alto_2"
+c2 c
+\clef "G_8"
+c2 c
+\clef "F^5"
+c2 c
@end lilypond
+Some special purpose clefs are described in @ref{Mensural clefs},
+@ref{Gregorian clefs}, @ref{Default tablatures}, and @ref{Custom
+tablatures}.
@snippets
@seealso
Notation Reference:
-@ref{Mensural clefs}, @ref{Gregorian clefs}.
+@ref{Mensural clefs},
+@ref{Gregorian clefs},
+@ref{Default tablatures},
+@ref{Custom tablatures}.
Snippets:
@rlsr{Pitches}.
@cindex dorian
@noindent
-Here, @var{mode} should be @code{\major} or @code{\minor} to get a
-key signature of @var{pitch}-major or @var{pitch}-minor,
-respectively. You may also use the standard mode names, also
-called @notation{church modes}: @code{\ionian}, @code{\dorian},
-@code{\phrygian}, @code{\lydian}, @code{\mixolydian},
-@code{\aeolian}, and @code{\locrian}.
+Here, @code{@var{mode}} should be @code{\major} or @code{\minor}
+to get a key signature of @code{@var{pitch}}-major or
+@code{@var{pitch}}-minor, respectively. You may also use the
+standard mode names, also called @notation{church modes}:
+@code{\ionian}, @code{\dorian}, @code{\phrygian}, @code{\lydian},
+@code{\mixolydian}, @code{\aeolian}, and @code{\locrian}.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
\key g \major
octave for the staff:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-a'2 b
-\ottava #1
-a b
+a2 b
+\ottava #-2
+a2 b
+\ottava #-1
+a2 b
\ottava #0
-a b
+a2 b
+\ottava #1
+a2 b
+\ottava #2
+a2 b
@end lilypond
-The @code{ottava} function also takes -1 (for 8va bassa),
-2@tie{}(for 15ma), and -2 (for 15ma bassa) as arguments.
-
-
@snippets
@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
@rglos{transposing instrument}.
Notation Reference:
-@ref{Quoting other voices}, @ref{Transpose}.
+@ref{Quoting other voices},
+@ref{Transpose}.
Snippets:
@rlsr{Pitches}.
\clef bass
\new Voice {
\voiceTwo \relative c' {
- <fis, a cis>4
+ <fis, a cis>8 <fis a cis>
\change Staff = up
- cis'
+ cis' cis
\change Staff = down
- <fis, a>
+ <fis, a> <fis a>
+ \showStaffSwitch
\change Staff = up
- dis' |
+ dis'4 |
\change Staff = down
<fis, a cis>4 gis <f a d>2 |
}
\clef bass
\new Voice {
\voiceTwo \relative c' {
- <fis, a cis>4
+ <fis, a cis>8 <fis a cis>
\change Staff = up
- cis'
+ cis' cis
\change Staff = down
- <fis, a>
+ <fis, a> <fis a>
+ \showStaffSwitch
\change Staff = up
- dis' |
+ dis'4 |
\change Staff = down
<fis, a cis>4 gis <f a d>2 |
}
\clef bass
\new Voice {
\voiceTwo \relative c' {
- <fis, a cis>4
+ <fis, a cis>8 <fis a cis>
\change Staff = up
- cis'
+ cis' cis
\change Staff = down
- <fis, a>
+ <fis, a> <fis a>
+ \showStaffSwitch
\change Staff = up
- dis' |
+ dis'4 |
\change Staff = down
<fis, a cis>4 gis <f a d>2 |
}
\clef bass
\new Voice {
\voiceTwo \relative c' {
- <fis, a cis>4
+ <fis, a cis>8 <fis a cis>
\change Staff = up
- cis'
+ cis' cis
\change Staff = down
- <fis, a>
+ <fis, a> <fis a>
+ \showStaffSwitch
\change Staff = up
- dis' |
+ dis'4 |
\change Staff = down
<fis, a cis>4 gis <f a d>2 |
}
\clef bass
\new Voice {
\voiceTwo \relative c' {
- <fis, a cis>4
+ <fis, a cis>8 <fis a cis>
\change Staff = up
- cis'
+ cis' cis
\change Staff = down
- <fis, a>
+ <fis, a> <fis a>
+ \showStaffSwitch
\change Staff = up
- dis' |
+ dis'4 |
\change Staff = down
<fis, a cis>4 gis <f a d>2 |
}
\clef bass
\new Voice {
\voiceTwo \relative c' {
- <fis, a cis>4
+ <fis, a cis>8 <fis a cis>
\change Staff = up
- cis'
+ cis' cis
\change Staff = down
- <fis, a>
+ <fis, a> <fis a>
+ \showStaffSwitch
\change Staff = up
- dis' |
+ dis'4 |
\change Staff = down
<fis, a cis>4 gis <f a d>2 |
}
\clef bass
\new Voice {
\voiceTwo \relative c' {
- <fis, a cis>4
+ <fis, a cis>8 <fis a cis>
\change Staff = up
- cis'
+ cis' cis
\change Staff = down
- <fis, a>
+ <fis, a> <fis a>
+ \showStaffSwitch
\change Staff = up
- dis' |
+ dis'4 |
\change Staff = down
<fis, a cis>4 gis <f a d>2 |
}
\clef bass
\new Voice {
\voiceTwo \relative c' {
- <fis, a cis>4
+ <fis, a cis>8 <fis a cis>
\change Staff = up
- cis'
+ cis' cis
\change Staff = down
- <fis, a>
+ <fis, a> <fis a>
+ \showStaffSwitch
\change Staff = up
- dis' |
+ dis'4 |
\change Staff = down
<fis, a cis>4 gis <f a d>2 |
}
\clef bass
\new Voice {
\voiceTwo \relative c' {
- <fis, a cis>4
+ <fis, a cis>8 <fis a cis>
\change Staff = up
- cis'
+ cis' cis
\change Staff = down
- <fis, a>
+ <fis, a> <fis a>
+ \showStaffSwitch
\change Staff = up
- dis' |
+ dis'4 |
\change Staff = down
<fis, a cis>4 gis <f a d>2 |
}
\clef bass
\new Voice {
\voiceTwo \relative c' {
- <fis, a cis>4
+ <fis, a cis>8 <fis a cis>
\change Staff = up
- cis'
+ cis' cis
\change Staff = down
- <fis, a>
+ <fis, a> <fis a>
+ \showStaffSwitch
\change Staff = up
- dis' |
+ dis'4 |
\change Staff = down
<fis, a cis>4 gis <f a d>2 |
}
\clef bass
\new Voice {
\voiceTwo \relative c' {
- <fis, a cis>4
+ <fis, a cis>8 <fis a cis>
\change Staff = up
- cis'
+ cis' cis
\change Staff = down
- <fis, a>
+ <fis, a> <fis a>
+ \showStaffSwitch
\change Staff = up
- dis' |
+ dis'4 |
\change Staff = down
<fis, a cis>4 gis <f a d>2 |
}
@end lilypond
+@item neo-modern-voice
+
+@cindex neo-modern-voice accidental style
+@cindex accidental style, neo-modern-voice
+
+@funindex neo-modern-voice
+
+This rule is used for multivoice accidentals to be read both by
+musicians playing one voice and musicians playing all voices.
+Accidentals are typeset for each voice as with @code{neo-modern},
+but they are canceled across voices in the same @code{Staff}.
+
+@lilypond[quote]
+musicA = {
+ <<
+ \relative c' {
+ cis'8 fis, d'4 <a cis>8 f bis4 |
+ cis2. <c, g'>4 |
+ }
+ \\
+ \relative c' {
+ ais'2 cis, |
+ fis8 b a4 cis2 |
+ }
+ >>
+}
+
+musicB = {
+ \clef bass
+ \new Voice {
+ \voiceTwo \relative c' {
+ <fis, a cis>8 <fis a cis>
+ \change Staff = up
+ cis' cis
+ \change Staff = down
+ <fis, a> <fis a>
+ \showStaffSwitch
+ \change Staff = up
+ dis'4 |
+ \change Staff = down
+ <fis, a cis>4 gis <f a d>2 |
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+\new PianoStaff {
+ <<
+ \context Staff = "up" {
+ #(set-accidental-style 'neo-modern-voice)
+ \musicA
+ }
+ \context Staff = "down" {
+ #(set-accidental-style 'neo-modern-voice)
+ \musicB
+ }
+ >>
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+@item neo-modern-voice-cautionary
+
+@cindex neo-modern-voice-cautionary accidental style
+@cindex accidental style, neo-modern-voice-cautionary
+
+@funindex neo-modern-voice-cautionary
+
+This rule is similar to @code{neo-modern-voice}, but the extra
+accidentals are printed as cautionary accidentals.
+
+@lilypond[quote]
+musicA = {
+ <<
+ \relative c' {
+ cis'8 fis, d'4 <a cis>8 f bis4 |
+ cis2. <c, g'>4 |
+ }
+ \\
+ \relative c' {
+ ais'2 cis, |
+ fis8 b a4 cis2 |
+ }
+ >>
+}
+
+musicB = {
+ \clef bass
+ \new Voice {
+ \voiceTwo \relative c' {
+ <fis, a cis>8 <fis a cis>
+ \change Staff = up
+ cis' cis
+ \change Staff = down
+ <fis, a> <fis a>
+ \showStaffSwitch
+ \change Staff = up
+ dis'4 |
+ \change Staff = down
+ <fis, a cis>4 gis <f a d>2 |
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+\new PianoStaff {
+ <<
+ \context Staff = "up" {
+ #(set-accidental-style 'neo-modern-voice-cautionary)
+ \musicA
+ }
+ \context Staff = "down" {
+ #(set-accidental-style 'neo-modern-voice-cautionary)
+ \musicB
+ }
+ >>
+}
+@end lilypond
+
@item dodecaphonic
@cindex dodecaphonic accidental style
\clef bass
\new Voice {
\voiceTwo \relative c' {
- <fis, a cis>4
+ <fis, a cis>8 <fis a cis>
\change Staff = up
- cis'
+ cis' cis
\change Staff = down
- <fis, a>
+ <fis, a> <fis a>
+ \showStaffSwitch
\change Staff = up
- dis' |
+ dis'4 |
\change Staff = down
<fis, a cis>4 gis <f a d>2 |
}
\clef bass
\new Voice {
\voiceTwo \relative c' {
- <fis, a cis>4
+ <fis, a cis>8 <fis a cis>
\change Staff = up
- cis'
+ cis' cis
\change Staff = down
- <fis, a>
+ <fis, a> <fis a>
+ \showStaffSwitch
\change Staff = up
- dis' |
+ dis'4 |
\change Staff = down
<fis, a cis>4 gis <f a d>2 |
}
\clef bass
\new Voice {
\voiceTwo \relative c' {
- <fis, a cis>4
+ <fis, a cis>8 <fis a cis>
\change Staff = up
- cis'
+ cis' cis
\change Staff = down
- <fis, a>
+ <fis, a> <fis a>
+ \showStaffSwitch
\change Staff = up
- dis' |
+ dis'4 |
\change Staff = down
<fis, a cis>4 gis <f a d>2 |
}
\clef bass
\new Voice {
\voiceTwo \relative c' {
- <fis, a cis>4
+ <fis, a cis>8 <fis a cis>
\change Staff = up
- cis'
+ cis' cis
\change Staff = down
- <fis, a>
+ <fis, a> <fis a>
+ \showStaffSwitch
\change Staff = up
- dis' |
+ dis'4 |
\change Staff = down
<fis, a cis>4 gis <f a d>2 |
}
Internals Reference:
@rinternals{Accidental},
@rinternals{Accidental_engraver},
-@rinternals{GrandStaff} and
+@rinternals{GrandStaff},
@rinternals{PianoStaff},
@rinternals{Staff},
@rinternals{AccidentalSuggestion},
problematic notes.
+Cautionary cancellation of accidentals is done by looking at previous measure.
+However, in the @code{\alternative} block following a @code{\repeat volta N}
+section, one would expect the cancellation being calculated using the previous
+@emph{played} measure, not previous @emph{printed} measure.
+In the following example, the natural @code{c} in the second alternative does
+not need a natural sign:
+
+@lilypond[quote]
+{
+ #(set-accidental-style 'modern)
+ \time 2/4
+ \repeat volta 2 {
+ c'2
+ }
+ \alternative {
+ cis'
+ c'
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+The following work-around can be used: define a function that locally changes
+the accidental style to @code{forget}:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+forget = #(define-music-function (parser location music) (ly:music?) #{
+ #(set-accidental-style 'forget)
+ $music
+ #(set-accidental-style 'modern)
+#})
+{
+ #(set-accidental-style 'modern)
+ \time 2/4
+ \repeat volta 2 {
+ c'2
+ }
+ \alternative {
+ cis'
+ \forget c'
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+
@node Ambitus
@unnumberedsubsubsec Ambitus
@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
{ambitus-with-multiple-voices.ly}
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{changing-the-ambitus-gap.ly}
+
@seealso
Music Glossary:
@funindex cross
-Note heads may be altered:
+The appearance of note heads may be altered:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-c4 b a b
+c4 b
\override NoteHead #'style = #'cross
-c4 b a b
+c4 b
+\revert NoteHead #'style
+a b
+\override NoteHead #'style = #'harmonic
+a b
\revert NoteHead #'style
c4 d e f
@end lilypond
-There is a shorthand for diamond shapes which can only be used
-inside chords:
+To see all note head styles, see @ref{Note head styles}.
+
+The @code{cross} style is used to represent a variety of musical
+intentions. The following generic predefined commands modify the
+note head in both staff and tablature contexts and can be used to
+represent any musical meaning:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-<c f\harmonic>2 <d a'\harmonic>4 <c g'\harmonic>
+c4 b
+\xNotesOn
+ a b c4 b
+\xNotesOff
+c4 d
@end lilypond
-To see all note head styles, see @ref{Note head styles}.
+The music function form of this predefined command may be used
+inside and outside chords to generate crossed note heads in both
+staff and tablature contexts:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+c4 b
+\xNote { e f }
+c b < g \xNote c f > b
+@end lilypond
+As synonyms for @code{\xNote}, @code{\xNotesOn} and @code{\xNotesOff},
+@code{\deadNote}, @code{\deadNotesOn} and @code{\deadNotesOff} can
+be used. The term @notation{dead note} is commonly used by guitarists.
+
+There is also a shorthand for diamond shapes which can be used
+only inside chords:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+<c f\harmonic>2 <d a'\harmonic>4 <c g'\harmonic>
+@end lilypond
+
+@predefined
+@code{\harmonic},
+@code{\xNotesOn},
+@code{\xNotesOff},
+@code{\xNote}.
+@endpredefined
@seealso
Snippets:
Notation Reference:
@ref{Note head styles},
-@ref{Chorded notes}.
+@ref{Chorded notes},
+@ref{Indicating harmonics and dampened notes}.
Internals Reference:
@rinternals{note-event},
@cindex practice note heads
@cindex note heads, easy notation
@cindex easy notation
-@cindex Hal Leonard
@cindex beginners' music
@cindex music, beginners'
@cindex easy play note heads
@endpredefined
+@snippets
+
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{numbers-as-easy-note-heads.ly}
+
+
@seealso
Notation Reference:
@ref{Setting the staff size}.
@cindex shape notes
@cindex Aiken shape note heads
@cindex sacred harp note heads
+@cindex note heads, Southern Harmony
+@cindex Southern Harmony note heads
+@cindex Funk shape note heads
+@cindex note heads, Funk
+@cindex note heads, Harmonica Sacra
+@cindex Harmonica Sacra note heads
+@cindex Christian Harmony note heads
+@cindex note heads, Christian Harmony
+@cindex Walker shape note heads
+@cindex note heads, Walker
-@funindex \key
-@funindex key
@funindex \aikenHeads
@funindex aikenHeads
@funindex \sacredHarpHeads
@funindex sacredHarpHeads
+@funindex \southernHarmonyHeads
+@funindex southernHarmonyHeads
+@funindex \funkHeads
+@funindex funkHeads
+@funindex \walkerHeads
+@funindex walkerHeads
In shape note head notation, the shape of the note head
corresponds to the harmonic function of a note in the scale. This
notation was popular in nineteenth-century American song books.
-Shape note heads can be produced:
+Shape note heads can be produced in Sacred Harp, Southern Harmony,
+Funk (Harmonica Sacra), Walker, and Aiken (Christian Harmony) styles:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
\aikenHeads
-c, d e f g a b c
+c, d e f g2 a b1 c \break
\sacredHarpHeads
-c, d e f g a b c
+c,4 d e f g2 a b1 c \break
+\southernHarmonyHeads
+c,4 d e f g2 a b1 c \break
+\funkHeads
+c,4 d e f g2 a b1 c \break
+\walkerHeads
+c,4 d e f g2 a b1 c \break
@end lilypond
-Shapes are typeset according to the step in the scale, where the
-base of the scale is determined by the @code{\key} command.
+@funindex \key
+@funindex key
+@funindex \aikenHeadsMinor
+@funindex aikenHeadsMinor
+@funindex \sacredHarpHeadsMinor
+@funindex sacredHarpHeadsMinor
+@funindex \southernHarmonyHeadsMinor
+@funindex southernHarmonyHeadsMinor
+@funindex \funkHeadsMinor
+@funindex funkHeadsMinor
+@funindex \walkerHeadsMinor
+@funindex walkerHeadsMinor
+
+Shapes are typeset according to the step in the scale, where the base
+of the scale is determined by the @code{\key} command. When writing
+in a minor key, the scale step can be determined from the relative
+major:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\key a \minor
+\aikenHeads
+a b c d e2 f g1 a \break
+\aikenHeadsMinor
+a,4 b c d e2 f g1 a \break
+\sacredHarpHeadsMinor
+a,2 b c d \break
+\southernHarmonyHeadsMinor
+a2 b c d \break
+\funkHeadsMinor
+a2 b c d \break
+\walkerHeadsMinor
+a2 b c d \break
+
+@end lilypond
@predefined
@code{\aikenHeads},
-@code{\sacredHarpHeads}.
+@code{\aikenHeadsMinor},
+@code{\funkHeads},
+@code{\funkHeadsMinor},
+@code{\sacredHarpHeads},
+@code{\sacredHarpHeadsMinor},
+@code{\southernHarmonyHeads},
+@code{\southernHarmonyHeadsMinor},
+@code{\walkerHeads},
+@code{\walkerHeadsMinor}.
@endpredefined
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff