@include included/generating-output.itexi
-@c \version "2.12.0"
+@c \version "2.19.21"
@node Tutorial
@chapter Tutorial
@cindex example, first
@cindex case sensitive
+@menu
+* Producing output::
+@end menu
+
@qq{Compiling} is the term used for processing an input file in
LilyPond format to produce output file(s). Output files are
generally PDF (for printing or viewing), MIDI (for playing), and
@smallspace
-@subheading Producing output
+@node Producing output
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Producing output
@cindex PDF file
@cindex viewing music
@cindex simple notation
@cindex notation, simple
+@menu
+* Pitches::
+* Durations (rhythms)::
+* Rests::
+* Time signature::
+* Tempo marks::
+* Clef::
+* All together::
+@end menu
+
LilyPond will add some notation elements automatically. In the
next example, we have only specified four pitches, but LilyPond
has added a clef, time signature, and rhythms.
values are useful.
-@subheading Pitches
+@node Pitches
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Pitches
@cindex pitches
@cindex relative mode
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
% set the starting point to middle C
-\relative c' {
- c d e f
+\relative {
+ c' d e f
g a b c
}
@end lilypond
larger intervals, still using only @code{\relative} mode:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\relative c' {
- d f a g
+\relative {
+ d' f a g
c b f d
}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
% one octave above middle C
-\relative c'' {
- e c a c
+\relative {
+ e'' c a c
}
@end lilypond
above the B, and an A, G or F will be assumed to be below.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\relative c'' {
- b c % c is 1 staff space up, so is the c above
+\relative {
+ b' c % c is 1 staff space up, so is the c above
b d % d is 2 up or 5 down, so is the d above
b e % e is 3 up or 4 down, so is the e above
b a % a is 6 up or 1 down, so is the a below
comma @code{,} to the note name.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\relative c'' {
- a a, c' f,
+\relative {
+ a' a, c' f,
g g'' a,, f'
}
@end lilypond
quotes @code{''} and not one double quote @code{"}@tie{}!
@c " - keeps quotes in order for context-sensitive editor -td
-@subheading Durations (rhythms)
+@node Durations (rhythms)
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Durations (rhythms)
@cindex note durations
@cindex durations
quarter note.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\relative c'' {
- a1
+\relative {
+ a'1
a2 a4 a8 a
a16 a a a a32 a a a a64 a a a a a a a a2
}
explicitly (i.e., with a number).
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\relative c'' {
- a a a4. a8
+\relative {
+ a'4 a a4. a8
a8. a16 a a8. a8 a4.
}
@end lilypond
-
-@subheading Rests
+@node Rests
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Rests
@cindex rest
@cindex notating rests
@code{r}@tie{}:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\relative c'' {
- a r r2
+\relative {
+ a'4 r r2
r8 a r4 r4. r8
}
@end lilypond
-@subheading Time signature
+@node Time signature
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Time signature
@cindex time signature
The @notation{time signature} can be set with the @code{\time}
command:
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+ \time 3/4
+ a'4 a a
+ \time 6/8
+ a4. a
+ \time 4/4
+ a4 a a a
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+@node Tempo marks
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Tempo marks
+
+@cindex tempo marks
+@cindex metronome marks
+
+@funindex \tempo
+@funindex tempo
+
+Music Glossary: @rglos{tempo indication}, @rglos{metronome}.
+
+The @notation{tempo indication} and @notation{metronome mark} can be
+set with the @code{\tempo} command:
+
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
\relative c'' {
\time 3/4
+ \tempo "Andante"
a4 a a
\time 6/8
+ \tempo 4. = 96
a4. a
\time 4/4
+ \tempo "Presto" 4 = 120
a4 a a a
}
@end lilypond
-@subheading Clef
+@node Clef
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Clef
@cindex clef
@cindex treble
The @notation{clef} can be set using the @code{\clef} command:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\relative c' {
- \clef treble
- c1
- \clef alto
+\relative {
+ \clef "treble"
+ c'1
+ \clef "alto"
c1
- \clef tenor
+ \clef "tenor"
c1
- \clef bass
+ \clef "bass"
c1
}
@end lilypond
-@subheading All together
+@node All together
+@unnumberedsubsubsec All together
Here is a small example showing all these elements together:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
\relative c, {
+ \clef "bass"
\time 3/4
- \clef bass
- c2 e8 c' g'2.
- f4 e d c4 c, r4
+ \tempo "Andante" 4 = 120
+ c2 e8 c'
+ g'2.
+ f4 e d
+ c4 c, r
}
@end lilypond
@item
@strong{Whitespace insensitive}:
it does not matter how many spaces (or tabs or new lines) you add.
-@w{@samp{@{ c d e @}}} means the same thing as
-@w{@samp{@{ c @tie{} @tie{} @tie{} d e @}}} and:
+@w{@samp{@{ c4 d e @}}} means the same thing as
+@w{@samp{@{ c4 @tie{} @tie{} @tie{} d e @}}} and:
@example
-@{ c d
+@{ c4 d
e @}
@end example
@noindent
Of course, the previous example is hard to read. A good rule of
-thumb is to indent code blocks with either a tab or two spaces:
+thumb is to indent code blocks with two spaces:
@example
@{
- c d e
+ c4 d e
@}
@end example
This line, and the notes below are ignored,
since they are in a block comment.
- f f e e d d c2
+ f4 f e e d d c2
%@}
@end example
@c no verbatim here
@lilypond[quote]
-\relative c'' {
- c-\markup { \bold \huge { Click here. } }
+\relative {
+ c''4-\markup { \bold \huge { Click here. } }
}
@end lilypond