1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
3 Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
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12 @node Wind instruments
13 @section Wind instruments
15 @lilypondfile[quote]{wind-headword.ly}
17 This section includes elements of music notation that arise when
18 writing specifically for wind instruments.
21 * Common notation for wind instruments::
26 @node Common notation for wind instruments
27 @subsection Common notation for wind instruments
29 This section discusses notation common to most wind instruments.
32 * References for wind instruments::
36 @node References for wind instruments
37 @unnumberedsubsubsec References for wind instruments
39 @cindex wind instruments
41 Many notation issues for wind instruments pertain to breathing and
45 @item Breathing can be specified by rests or @ref{Breath marks}.
46 @item Legato playing is indicated by @ref{Slurs}.
47 @item Different types of tonguings, ranging from legato to non-legato to
48 staccato are usually shown by articulation marks, sometimes combined
49 with slurs, see @ref{Articulations and ornamentations} and
50 @ref{List of articulations}.
51 @item Flutter tonguing is usually indicated by placing a tremolo mark
52 and a text markup on the note. See @ref{Tremolo repeats}.
55 Other aspects of musical notation that can apply to wind instruments:
58 @item Many wind instruments are transposing instruments, see
59 @ref{Instrument transpositions}.
60 @item Slide glissandi are characteristic of the trombone, but other
61 winds may perform keyed or valved glissandi. See @ref{Glissando}.
62 @item Harmonic series glissandi, which are possible on all brass
63 instruments but common for French Horns, are usually written out as
65 @item Pitch inflections at the end of a note are discussed in
66 @ref{Falls and doits}.
67 @item Key slaps or valve slaps are often shown by the @code{cross} style
68 of @ref{Special note heads}.
69 @item Woodwinds can overblow low notes to sound harmonics. These are
70 shown by the @code{flageolet} articulation.
71 See @ref{List of articulations}.
72 @item The use of brass mutes is usually indicated by a text markup, but
73 where there are many rapid changes it is better to use the
74 @code{stopped} and @code{open} articulations.
75 See @ref{Articulations and ornamentations} and
76 @ref{List of articulations}.
77 @item Stopped horns are indicated by the @code{stopped} articulation.
78 See @ref{Articulations and ornamentations}.
83 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
84 {changing--flageolet-mark-size.ly}
90 @ref{Articulations and ornamentations},
91 @ref{List of articulations},
92 @ref{Tremolo repeats},
93 @ref{Instrument transpositions},
96 @ref{Falls and doits},
97 @ref{Special note heads},
104 @unnumberedsubsubsec Fingerings
106 All wind instruments other than the trombone require the use of several
107 fingers to produce each pitch. Some fingering examples are shown in
110 Woodwind diagrams can be produced and are described in
111 @ref{Woodwind diagrams}.
115 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
116 {fingering-symbols-for-wind-instruments.ly}
118 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
119 {recorder-fingering-chart.ly}
123 @ref{Woodwind diagrams}.
132 This section discusses notation common bagpipes.
135 * Bagpipe definitions::
139 @node Bagpipe definitions
140 @unnumberedsubsubsec Bagpipe definitions
143 @cindex Scottish highland bagpipe
146 @funindex \hideKeySignature
147 @funindex \showKeySignature
149 LilyPond contains special definitions for Scottish, Highland Bagpipe
150 music; to use them, add
153 \include "bagpipe.ly"
157 to the top of your input file. This lets you add the special grace notes
158 common to bagpipe music with short commands. For example, you could
159 write @code{\taor} instead of
162 \grace @{ \small G32[ d G e] @}
165 @file{bagpipe.ly} also contains pitch definitions for the bagpipe
166 notes in the appropriate octaves, so you do not need to worry about
167 @code{\relative} or @code{\transpose}.
169 @lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,quote,notime]
170 \include "bagpipe.ly"
171 { \grg G4 \grg a \grg b \grg c \grg d \grg e \grg f \grA g A }
174 Bagpipe music nominally uses the key of D Major (even though that
175 isn't really true). However, since that is the only key that can be used,
176 the key signature is normally not written out. To set this up correctly,
177 always start your music with @code{\hideKeySignature}. If you for some
178 reason want to show the key signature, you can use @code{\showKeySignature}
181 Some modern music use cross fingering on c and f to flatten those notes.
182 This can be indicated by @code{c-flat} or @code{f-flat}. Similarly, the
183 piobaireachd high g can be written @code{g-flat} when it occurs in light
191 @node Bagpipe example
192 @unnumberedsubsubsec Bagpipe example
194 @cindex bagpipe example
195 @cindex Amazing Grace bagpipe example
197 This is what the well known tune Amazing Grace looks like in bagpipe
200 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
201 \include "bagpipe.ly"
204 \context { \Score \remove "Bar_number_engraver" }
208 title = "Amazing Grace"
210 arranger = "Trad. arr."
216 \grg \partial 4 a8. d16
217 \slurd d2 \grg f8[ e32 d16.]
221 \slurd d2 \grg f8[ e32 d16.]
225 \grg A2 \hdblf f8[ e32 d16.]
229 \slurd d2 \grg f8[ e32 d16.]
243 @subsection Woodwinds
245 This section discusses notation specifically for woodwind instruments.
248 * Woodwind diagrams::
251 @node Woodwind diagrams
252 @subsubsection Woodwind diagrams
254 Woodwind diagrams can be used to indicate the fingering to be used
255 for specific notes and are available for the following instruments:
269 Woodwind diagrams are created as markups:
272 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,fragment]
274 \woodwind-diagram #'piccolo #'((lh . (gis))
280 Keys can be open, partially-covered, ring-depressed, or fully covered:
282 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,fragment]
287 \woodwind-diagram #'flute #'((cc . (one1q))
296 \woodwind-diagram #'flute #'((cc . (one1h))
305 \woodwind-diagram #'flute #'((cc . (one3q))
314 \woodwind-diagram #'flute #'((cc . (oneR))
323 \woodwind-diagram #'flute #'((cc . (oneF two))
330 Trills are indicated as shaded keys:
332 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,fragment]
334 \woodwind-diagram #'bass-clarinet
335 #'((cc . (threeT four))
341 A variety of trills can be displayed:
343 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,fragment]
347 "one quarter to ring"
348 \woodwind-diagram #'flute #'((cc . (one1qTR))
357 \woodwind-diagram #'flute #'((cc . (oneTR))
366 \woodwind-diagram #'flute #'((cc . (oneRT))
375 \woodwind-diagram #'flute #'((cc . (oneT))
383 "one quarter to three quarters"
384 \woodwind-diagram #'flute #'((cc . (one1qT3q))
391 The list of all possible keys and settings for a given instrument
392 can be displayed on the console using
393 @code{#(print-keys-verbose 'flute)} or in the log file using
394 @code{#(print-keys-verbose 'flute (current-error-port))}, although
395 they will not show up in the music output.
397 Creating new diagrams is possible, although this will require
398 Scheme ability and may not be accessible to all users. The
399 patterns for the diagrams are in
400 @file{scm/define-woodwind-diagrams.scm} and
401 @file{scm/display-woodwind-diagrams.scm}.
407 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
408 {woodwind-diagrams-listing.ly}
410 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
411 {graphical-and-text-woodwind-diagrams.ly}
413 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
414 {changing-the-size-of-woodwind-diagrams.ly}
416 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
417 {woodwind-diagrams-key-lists.ly}
421 @file{scm/define-woodwind-diagrams.scm}, @*
422 @file{scm/display-woodwind-diagrams.scm}.
428 @rinternals{TextScript},
429 @rinternals{instrument-specific-markup-interface}.