1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
4 Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
6 When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the
7 version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
12 @node Notation manual tables
13 @appendix Notation manual tables
15 @c Please do not delete the following @ignore block.
17 Note for editors and translators: In the following menu, two entries
18 are needed to link to a pair of automatically generated sections.
19 Please keep them and, if using emacs, do not run
20 texinfo-all-menus-update without manually restoring them back. These
23 * Text markup commands::
24 * Text markup list commands::
26 and they should go just after
30 * List of articulations::
35 * Common chord modifiers::
36 * Predefined fretboard diagrams::
41 * Text markup commands::
42 * Text markup list commands::
43 * List of articulations::
45 * Technical glossary::
46 * All context properties::
48 * Available music functions::
54 @node Chord name chart
55 @appendixsec Chord name chart
57 The following charts shows two standard systems for printing chord
58 names, along with the pitches they represent.
60 @lilypondfile{chord-names-jazz.ly}
62 @node Common chord modifiers
63 @appendixsec Common chord modifiers
65 The following table shows chord modifiers that can be used in
66 @code{\chordmode} to generate standard chord structures.
68 @multitable @columnfractions .2 .3 .2 .2
83 Major third, perfect fifth
87 @lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
96 Minor third, perfect fifth
100 @lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
109 Major third, augmented fifth
113 @lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
122 Minor third, diminished fifth
126 @lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
135 Major triad, minor seventh
139 @lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
148 Major triad, major seventh
150 @code{maj7} or @code{maj}
152 @lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
161 Minor triad, minor seventh
165 @lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
174 Diminished triad, diminished seventh
178 @lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
187 Augmented triad, minor seventh
191 @lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
198 Half-diminished seventh
200 Diminished triad, minor seventh
204 @lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
213 Minor triad, major seventh
217 @lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
230 @lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
243 @lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
252 Dominant seventh, major ninth
256 @lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
265 Major seventh, major ninth
269 @lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
278 Minor seventh, major ninth
282 @lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
291 Dominant ninth, perfect eleventh
295 @lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
304 Major ninth, perfect eleventh
308 @lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
317 Minor ninth, perfect eleventh
321 @lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
330 Dominant ninth, major thirteenth
334 @lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
343 Dominant eleventh, major thirteenth
347 @lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
356 Major eleventh, major thirteenth
360 @lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
369 Minor eleventh, major thirteenth
373 @lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
382 Major second, perfect fifth
386 @lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
395 Perfect fourth, perfect fifth
399 @lilypond[line-width=3\cm,noragged-right, notime]
408 @node Predefined fretboard diagrams
409 @appendixsec Predefined fretboard diagrams
411 The chart below shows the predefined fretboard diagrams.
413 @lilypondfile{display-predefined-fretboards.ly}
415 @node MIDI instruments
416 @appendixsec MIDI instruments
418 The following is a list of names that can be used for the
419 @code{midiInstrument} property.
422 acoustic grand contrabass lead 7 (fifths)
423 bright acoustic tremolo strings lead 8 (bass+lead)
424 electric grand pizzicato strings pad 1 (new age)
425 honky-tonk orchestral harp pad 2 (warm)
426 electric piano 1 timpani pad 3 (polysynth)
427 electric piano 2 string ensemble 1 pad 4 (choir)
428 harpsichord string ensemble 2 pad 5 (bowed)
429 clav synthstrings 1 pad 6 (metallic)
430 celesta synthstrings 2 pad 7 (halo)
431 glockenspiel choir aahs pad 8 (sweep)
432 music box voice oohs fx 1 (rain)
433 vibraphone synth voice fx 2 (soundtrack)
434 marimba orchestra hit fx 3 (crystal)
435 xylophone trumpet fx 4 (atmosphere)
436 tubular bells trombone fx 5 (brightness)
437 dulcimer tuba fx 6 (goblins)
438 drawbar organ muted trumpet fx 7 (echoes)
439 percussive organ french horn fx 8 (sci-fi)
440 rock organ brass section sitar
441 church organ synthbrass 1 banjo
442 reed organ synthbrass 2 shamisen
443 accordion soprano sax koto
444 harmonica alto sax kalimba
445 concertina tenor sax bagpipe
446 acoustic guitar (nylon) baritone sax fiddle
447 acoustic guitar (steel) oboe shanai
448 electric guitar (jazz) english horn tinkle bell
449 electric guitar (clean) bassoon agogo
450 electric guitar (muted) clarinet steel drums
451 overdriven guitar piccolo woodblock
452 distorted guitar flute taiko drum
453 guitar harmonics recorder melodic tom
454 acoustic bass pan flute synth drum
455 electric bass (finger) blown bottle reverse cymbal
456 electric bass (pick) shakuhachi guitar fret noise
457 fretless bass whistle breath noise
458 slap bass 1 ocarina seashore
459 slap bass 2 lead 1 (square) bird tweet
460 synth bass 1 lead 2 (sawtooth) telephone ring
461 synth bass 2 lead 3 (calliope) helicopter
462 violin lead 4 (chiff) applause
463 viola lead 5 (charang) gunshot
469 @appendixsec List of colors
471 @subsubheading Normal colors
473 Usage syntax is detailed in @ref{Coloring objects}.
475 @cindex List of colors
476 @cindex Colors, list of
479 black white red green
480 blue cyan magenta yellow
481 grey darkred darkgreen darkblue
482 darkcyan darkmagenta darkyellow
486 @subsubheading X color names
488 X color names come several variants:
490 Any name that is spelled as a single word with capitalization
491 (e.g. @q{LightSlateBlue}) can also be spelled as space separated
492 words without capitalization (e.g. @q{light slate blue}).
494 The word @q{grey} can always be spelled @q{gray} (e.g. @q{DarkSlateGray}).
496 Some names can take a numerical suffix (e.g. @q{LightSalmon4}).
499 @subsubheading Color Names without a numerical suffix:
502 snow GhostWhite WhiteSmoke gainsboro FloralWhite
503 OldLace linen AntiqueWhite PapayaWhip BlanchedAlmond
504 bisque PeachPuff NavajoWhite moccasin cornsilk
505 ivory LemonChiffon seashell honeydew MintCream
506 azure AliceBlue lavender LavenderBlush MistyRose
507 white black DarkSlateGrey DimGrey SlateGrey
508 LightSlateGrey grey LightGrey MidnightBlue navy
509 NavyBlue CornflowerBlue DarkSlateBlue SlateBlue MediumSlateBlue
510 LightSlateBlue MediumBlue RoyalBlue blue DodgerBlue
511 DeepSkyBlue SkyBlue LightSkyBlue SteelBlue LightSteelBlue
512 LightBlue PowderBlue PaleTurquoise DarkTurquoise MediumTurquoise
513 turquoise cyan LightCyan CadetBlue MediumAquamarine
514 aquamarine DarkGreen DarkOliveGreen DarkSeaGreen SeaGreen
515 MediumSeaGreen LightSeaGreen PaleGreen SpringGreen LawnGreen
516 green chartreuse MediumSpringGreen GreenYellow LimeGreen
517 YellowGreen ForestGreen OliveDrab DarkKhaki khaki
518 PaleGoldenrod LightGoldenrodYellow LightYellow yellow gold
519 LightGoldenrod goldenrod DarkGoldenrod RosyBrown IndianRed
520 SaddleBrown sienna peru burlywood beige
521 wheat SandyBrown tan chocolate firebrick
522 brown DarkSalmon salmon LightSalmon orange
523 DarkOrange coral LightCoral tomato OrangeRed
524 red HotPink DeepPink pink LightPink
525 PaleVioletRed maroon MediumVioletRed VioletRed magenta
526 violet plum orchid MediumOrchid DarkOrchid
527 DarkViolet BlueViolet purple MediumPurple thistle
528 DarkGrey DarkBlue DarkCyan DarkMagenta DarkRed
533 @subsubheading Color names with a numerical suffix
535 In the following names the suffix N can be a number in the range 1-4:
538 snowN seashellN AntiqueWhiteN bisqueN PeachPuffN
539 NavajoWhiteN LemonChiffonN cornsilkN ivoryN honeydewN
540 LavenderBlushN MistyRoseN azureN SlateBlueN RoyalBlueN
541 blueN DodgerBlueN SteelBlueN DeepSkyBlueN SkyBlueN
542 LightSkyBlueN LightSteelBlueN LightBlueN LightCyanN PaleTurquoiseN
543 CadetBlueN turquoiseN cyanN aquamarineN DarkSeaGreenN
544 SeaGreenN PaleGreenN SpringGreenN greenN chartreuseN
545 OliveDrabN DarkOliveGreenN khakiN LightGoldenrodN LightYellowN
546 yellowN goldN goldenrodN DarkGoldenrodN RosyBrownN
547 IndianRedN siennaN burlywoodN wheatN tanN
548 chocolateN firebrickN brownN salmonN LightSalmonN
549 orangeN DarkOrangeN coralN tomatoN OrangeRedN
550 redN DeepPinkN HotPinkN pinkN LightPinkN
551 PaleVioletRedN maroonN VioletRedN magentaN orchidN
552 plumN MediumOrchidN DarkOrchidN purpleN MediumPurpleN
557 @subsubheading Grey Scale
559 A grey scale can be obtained using:
566 Where N is in the range 0-100.
570 @appendixsec The Feta font
575 The following symbols are available in the Emmentaler font and may be
576 accessed directly using text markup with the name of the glyph
577 as shown in the tables below,
578 such as @code{g^\markup @{\musicglyph #"scripts.segno" @}} or
579 @code{\markup @{\musicglyph #"five"@}}. For more information,
580 see @ref{Formatting text}.
585 * Time Signature glyphs::
587 * Accidental glyphs::
588 * Default Notehead glyphs::
589 * Special Notehead glyphs::
590 * Shape-note Notehead glyphs::
597 * Bracket-tip glyphs::
604 * Neomensural glyphs::
611 @unnumberedsubsec Clef glyphs
614 \include "font-table.ly"
615 \markuplines \override-lines #'(word-space . 4)
620 @node Time Signature glyphs
621 @unnumberedsubsec Time Signature glyphs
624 \include "font-table.ly"
625 \markuplines \override-lines #'(word-space . 4)
631 @unnumberedsubsec Number glyphs
634 \include "font-table.ly"
635 \markuplines \override-lines #'(word-space . 4)
640 @node Accidental glyphs
641 @unnumberedsubsec Accidental glyphs
644 \include "font-table.ly"
645 \markuplines \override-lines #'(word-space . 4)
646 \doc-chars #accidentals
650 @node Default Notehead glyphs
651 @unnumberedsubsec Default Notehead glyphs
654 \include "font-table.ly"
655 \markuplines \override-lines #'(word-space . 4)
656 \doc-chars #default-noteheads
660 @node Special Notehead glyphs
661 @unnumberedsubsec Special Notehead glyphs
664 \include "font-table.ly"
665 \markuplines \override-lines #'(word-space . 4)
666 \doc-chars #special-noteheads
670 @node Shape-note Notehead glyphs
671 @unnumberedsubsec Shape-note Notehead glyphs
674 \include "font-table.ly"
675 \markuplines \override-lines #'(word-space . 4)
676 \doc-chars #shape-note-noteheads
681 @unnumberedsubsec Rest glyphs
684 \include "font-table.ly"
685 \markuplines \override-lines #'(word-space . 4)
691 @unnumberedsubsec Flag glyphs
694 \include "font-table.ly"
695 \markuplines \override-lines #'(word-space . 4)
701 @unnumberedsubsec Dot glyphs
704 \include "font-table.ly"
705 \markuplines \override-lines #'(word-space . 4)
711 @unnumberedsubsec Dynamic glyphs
714 \include "font-table.ly"
715 \markuplines \override-lines #'(word-space . 4)
721 @unnumberedsubsec Script glyphs
724 \include "font-table.ly"
725 \markuplines \override-lines #'(word-space . 4)
730 @node Arrowhead glyphs
731 @unnumberedsubsec Arrowhead glyphs
734 \include "font-table.ly"
735 \markuplines \override-lines #'(word-space . 4)
736 \doc-chars #arrowheads
740 @node Bracket-tip glyphs
741 @unnumberedsubsec Bracket-tip glyphs
744 \include "font-table.ly"
745 \markuplines \override-lines #'(word-space . 4)
746 \doc-chars #brackettips
751 @unnumberedsubsec Pedal glyphs
754 \include "font-table.ly"
755 \markuplines \override-lines #'(word-space . 4)
760 @node Accordion glyphs
761 @unnumberedsubsec Accordion glyphs
764 \include "font-table.ly"
765 \markuplines \override-lines #'(word-space . 4)
766 \doc-chars #accordion
770 @node Vaticana glyphs
771 @unnumberedsubsec Vaticana glyphs
774 \include "font-table.ly"
775 \markuplines \override-lines #'(word-space . 4)
780 @node Medicaea glyphs
781 @unnumberedsubsec Medicaea glyphs
784 \include "font-table.ly"
785 \markuplines \override-lines #'(word-space . 4)
790 @node Hufnagel glyphs
791 @unnumberedsubsec Hufnagel glyphs
794 \include "font-table.ly"
795 \markuplines \override-lines #'(word-space . 4)
800 @node Mensural glyphs
801 @unnumberedsubsec Mensural glyphs
804 \include "font-table.ly"
805 \markuplines \override-lines #'(word-space . 4)
810 @node Neomensural glyphs
811 @unnumberedsubsec Neomensural glyphs
814 \include "font-table.ly"
815 \markuplines \override-lines #'(word-space . 4)
816 \doc-chars #neomensural
820 @node Petrucci glyphs
821 @unnumberedsubsec Petrucci glyphs
824 \include "font-table.ly"
825 \markuplines \override-lines #'(word-space . 4)
830 @node Solesmes glyphs
831 @unnumberedsubsec Solesmes glyphs
834 \include "font-table.ly"
835 \markuplines \override-lines #'(word-space . 4)
840 @node Note head styles
841 @appendixsec Note head styles
843 @cindex note head styles
844 The following styles may be used for note heads.
846 @lilypondfile[noindent]{note-head-style.ly}
848 @include markup-commands.tely
850 @include markup-list-commands.tely
852 @node List of articulations
853 @appendixsec List of articulations
857 @cindex staccatissimo
867 @cindex organ pedal marks
880 @cindex thumb marking
886 @lilypondfile[quote,texidoc]{script-chart.ly}
889 @node Percussion notes
890 @appendixsec Percussion notes
892 @lilypondfile[quote]{percussion-chart.ly}
895 @node Technical glossary
896 @appendixsec Technical glossary
898 A glossary of the technical terms and concepts used internally.
917 @unnumberedsubsec alist
920 @cindex association list
922 An association list or @strong{alist} for short is a Scheme pair
923 which associates a value with a key: @w{@code{(key . value)}}. For
924 example, in @file{scm/lily.scm}, the alist
925 @w{@qq{type-p-name-alist}} associates certain type predicates
926 (e.g.@tie{}@code{ly:music?}) with names (e.g.@tie{}@qq{music}) so
927 that type-check failures can be reported with a console message that
928 includes the name of the expected type predicate.
931 @unnumberedsubsec callback
935 A @strong{callback} is a routine, function or method whose reference is
936 passed as an argument in a call to another routine, so allowing
937 the called routine to invoke it. The technique enables a lower-
938 level software layer to call a function defined in a higher
939 layer. Callbacks are used extensively in LilyPond to permit
940 user-level Scheme code to define how many low-level actions are
944 @unnumberedsubsec glyph
950 A @strong{glyph} is a particular graphical representation of a typographic
951 character, or a combination of two characters formating a ligature.
952 A set of glyphs with a single style and shape comprise a font, and
953 a set of fonts covering several styles and sizes comprise a typeface.
963 @unnumberedsubsec grob
966 @cindex layout objects
967 @cindex graphical objects
969 LilyPond objects which represent items of notation in the printed
970 output such as note heads, stems, slurs, ties, fingering, clefs,
971 etc are called @q{Layout objects}, often known as @q{GRaphical
972 OBjects}, or @strong{grobs} for short.
977 @rlearning{Objects and interfaces},
978 @rlearning{Naming conventions of objects and properties},
979 @rlearning{Properties of layout objects}.
982 @rinternals{All layout objects}.
986 @unnumberedsubsec interface
989 @cindex grob-interface
990 @cindex graphical object interfaces
992 Actions and properties which are common to a number of grobs are
993 grouped together in an object called a @code{grob-interface}, or
994 just @q{interface} for short.
999 @rlearning{Objects and interfaces},
1000 @rlearning{Naming conventions of objects and properties},
1001 @rlearning{Properties found in interfaces}.
1004 @ref{Layout interfaces}.
1006 Internals Reference:
1007 @rinternals{Graphical Object Interfaces}.
1011 @unnumberedsubsec lexer
1016 A @strong{lexer} is a program which converts a sequence of
1017 characters into a sequence of tokens, a process called lexical
1018 analysis. The LilyPond lexer converts the stream obtained from an
1019 input @file{.ly} file into a tokenized stream more suited to the
1020 next stage of processing - parsing, for which see @ref{parser}.
1021 The LilyPond lexer is built with Flex from the lexer file
1022 @file{lily/lexer.ll} which contains the lexical rules. This file
1023 is part of the source code and is not included in the LilyPond
1024 binary installation.
1027 @unnumberedsubsec output-def
1031 An instance of the @code{Output-def} class contains the methods and
1032 data structures associated with an output block. Instances are
1033 created for midi, layout and paper blocks.
1036 @unnumberedsubsec parser
1040 @cindex grammar for LilyPond
1043 A @strong{parser} analyzes the sequence of tokens produced by a
1044 lexer to determine its grammatical structure, grouping the tokens
1045 progressively into larger groupings according to the rules of the
1046 grammar. If the sequence of tokens is valid the end product is a
1047 tree of tokens whose root is the grammar's start symbol. If this
1048 cannot be achieved the file is invalid and an appropriate error
1049 message is produced. The syntactic groupings and the rules for
1050 constructing the groupings from their parts for the LilyPond syntax
1051 are defined in @file{lily/parser.yy} and shown in Backus Normal Form
1052 (BNF) in @ref{LilyPond grammar}. This file is used to build the
1053 parser during the program build by the parser generator, Bison. It
1054 is part of the source code and is not included in the LilyPond
1055 binary installation.
1057 @node parser variable
1058 @unnumberedsubsec parser variable
1060 These are variables defined directly in Scheme. Their direct
1061 use by users is strongly discouraged, because their scoping
1062 semantics can be confusing.
1064 When the value of such a variable is changed in a @code{.ly} file,
1065 the change is global, and unless explicitly reverted, the new value
1066 will persist to the end of the file, affecting subsequent
1067 @code{\score} blocks as well as external files added with the
1068 @code{\include} command. This can lead to unintended consequences
1069 and in complex typesetting projects the consequent errors can be
1070 difficult to track down.
1072 LilyPond uses the following parser variables:
1075 @item afterGraceFraction
1080 @item parseStringResult
1081 @item partCombineListener
1083 @item toplevel-bookparts
1084 @item toplevel-scores
1085 @item showLastLength
1086 @item showFirstLength
1090 @unnumberedsubsec prob
1093 @node simple-closure
1094 @unnumberedsubsec simple-closure
1098 @unnumberedsubsec smob
1102 @unnumberedsubsec stencil
1106 @node All context properties
1107 @appendixsec All context properties
1109 @include context-properties.tely
1112 @node Layout properties
1113 @appendixsec Layout properties
1115 @include layout-properties.tely
1118 @node Available music functions
1119 @appendixsec Available music functions
1121 @include identifiers.tely
1124 @node Scheme functions
1125 @appendixsec Scheme functions
1127 @include scheme-functions.tely