]> git.donarmstrong.com Git - lilypond.git/blobdiff - guile18/libguile/goops.c
Import guile-1.8 as multiple upstream tarball component
[lilypond.git] / guile18 / libguile / goops.c
diff --git a/guile18/libguile/goops.c b/guile18/libguile/goops.c
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--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,3040 @@
+/* Copyright (C) 1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2008
+ * Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+ */
+\f
+
+/* This software is a derivative work of other copyrighted softwares; the
+ * copyright notices of these softwares are placed in the file COPYRIGHTS
+ *
+ * This file is based upon stklos.c from the STk distribution by
+ * Erick Gallesio <eg@unice.fr>.
+ */
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+# include <config.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#include "libguile/_scm.h"
+#include "libguile/alist.h"
+#include "libguile/async.h"
+#include "libguile/chars.h"
+#include "libguile/debug.h"
+#include "libguile/dynl.h"
+#include "libguile/dynwind.h"
+#include "libguile/eval.h"
+#include "libguile/hashtab.h"
+#include "libguile/keywords.h"
+#include "libguile/macros.h"
+#include "libguile/modules.h"
+#include "libguile/objects.h"
+#include "libguile/ports.h"
+#include "libguile/procprop.h"
+#include "libguile/random.h"
+#include "libguile/root.h"
+#include "libguile/smob.h"
+#include "libguile/strings.h"
+#include "libguile/strports.h"
+#include "libguile/vectors.h"
+#include "libguile/weaks.h"
+
+#include "libguile/validate.h"
+#include "libguile/goops.h"
+
+#define SPEC_OF(x)  SCM_SLOT (x, scm_si_specializers)
+
+#define DEFVAR(v, val) \
+{ scm_eval (scm_list_3 (scm_sym_define_public, (v), (val)), \
+           scm_module_goops); }
+/* Temporary hack until we get the new module system */
+/*fixme* Should optimize by keeping track of the variable object itself */
+#define GETVAR(v) (SCM_VARIABLE_REF (scm_call_2 (scm_goops_lookup_closure,  \
+                                                (v), SCM_BOOL_F)))
+
+/* Fixme: Should use already interned symbols */
+
+#define CALL_GF1(name, a)      (scm_call_1 (GETVAR (scm_from_locale_symbol (name)), \
+                                            a))
+#define CALL_GF2(name, a, b)   (scm_call_2 (GETVAR (scm_from_locale_symbol (name)), \
+                                            a, b))
+#define CALL_GF3(name, a, b, c)        (scm_call_3 (GETVAR (scm_from_locale_symbol (name)), \
+                                            a, b, c))
+#define CALL_GF4(name, a, b, c, d)     (scm_call_4 (GETVAR (scm_from_locale_symbol (name)), \
+                                            a, b, c, d))
+
+/* Class redefinition protocol:
+
+   A class is represented by a heap header h1 which points to a
+   malloc:ed memory block m1.
+
+   When a new version of a class is created, a new header h2 and
+   memory block m2 are allocated.  The headers h1 and h2 then switch
+   pointers so that h1 refers to m2 and h2 to m1.  In this way, names
+   bound to h1 will point to the new class at the same time as h2 will
+   be a handle which the GC will use to free m1.
+
+   The `redefined' slot of m1 will be set to point to h1.  An old
+   instance will have its class pointer (the CAR of the heap header)
+   pointing to m1.  The non-immediate `redefined'-slot in m1 indicates
+   the class modification and the new class pointer can be found via
+   h1.
+*/
+
+/* The following definition is located in libguile/objects.h:
+#define SCM_OBJ_CLASS_REDEF(x) (SCM_STRUCT_VTABLE_DATA(x)[scm_si_redefined])
+*/
+
+#define TEST_CHANGE_CLASS(obj, class)                                 \
+       {                                                              \
+         class = SCM_CLASS_OF (obj);                                  \
+          if (scm_is_true (SCM_OBJ_CLASS_REDEF (obj)))                \
+           {                                                          \
+             scm_change_object_class (obj, class, SCM_OBJ_CLASS_REDEF (obj));\
+             class = SCM_CLASS_OF (obj);                              \
+           }                                                          \
+       }
+
+#define NXT_MTHD_METHODS(m)    (SCM_VELTS (m)[1])
+#define NXT_MTHD_ARGS(m)       (SCM_VELTS (m)[2])
+
+#define SCM_GOOPS_UNBOUND SCM_UNBOUND
+#define SCM_GOOPS_UNBOUNDP(x) ((x) == SCM_GOOPS_UNBOUND)
+
+static int goops_loaded_p = 0;
+static scm_t_rstate *goops_rstate;
+
+static SCM scm_goops_lookup_closure;
+
+/* These variables are filled in by the object system when loaded. */
+SCM scm_class_boolean, scm_class_char, scm_class_pair;
+SCM scm_class_procedure, scm_class_string, scm_class_symbol;
+SCM scm_class_procedure_with_setter, scm_class_primitive_generic;
+SCM scm_class_vector, scm_class_null;
+SCM scm_class_integer, scm_class_real, scm_class_complex, scm_class_fraction;
+SCM scm_class_unknown;
+SCM scm_class_top, scm_class_object, scm_class_class;
+SCM scm_class_applicable;
+SCM scm_class_entity, scm_class_entity_with_setter;
+SCM scm_class_generic, scm_class_generic_with_setter;
+SCM scm_class_accessor;
+SCM scm_class_extended_generic, scm_class_extended_generic_with_setter;
+SCM scm_class_extended_accessor;
+SCM scm_class_method;
+SCM scm_class_simple_method, scm_class_accessor_method;
+SCM scm_class_procedure_class;
+SCM scm_class_operator_class, scm_class_operator_with_setter_class;
+SCM scm_class_entity_class;
+SCM scm_class_number, scm_class_list;
+SCM scm_class_keyword;
+SCM scm_class_port, scm_class_input_output_port;
+SCM scm_class_input_port, scm_class_output_port;
+SCM scm_class_foreign_class, scm_class_foreign_object;
+SCM scm_class_foreign_slot;
+SCM scm_class_self, scm_class_protected;
+SCM scm_class_opaque, scm_class_read_only;
+SCM scm_class_protected_opaque, scm_class_protected_read_only;
+SCM scm_class_scm;
+SCM scm_class_int, scm_class_float, scm_class_double;
+
+SCM *scm_port_class = 0;
+SCM *scm_smob_class = 0;
+
+SCM scm_no_applicable_method;
+
+SCM_SYMBOL (scm_sym_define_public, "define-public");
+
+static SCM scm_make_unbound (void);
+static SCM scm_unbound_p (SCM obj);
+static SCM scm_assert_bound (SCM value, SCM obj);
+static SCM scm_at_assert_bound_ref (SCM obj, SCM index);
+static SCM scm_sys_goops_loaded (void);
+
+/* This function is used for efficient type dispatch.  */
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_class_of, "class-of", 1, 0, 0,
+           (SCM x),
+           "Return the class of @var{x}.")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_class_of
+{
+  switch (SCM_ITAG3 (x))
+    {
+    case scm_tc3_int_1:
+    case scm_tc3_int_2:
+      return scm_class_integer;
+
+    case scm_tc3_imm24:
+      if (SCM_CHARP (x))
+       return scm_class_char;
+      else if (scm_is_bool (x))
+        return scm_class_boolean;
+      else if (scm_is_null (x))
+        return scm_class_null;
+      else
+        return scm_class_unknown;
+
+    case scm_tc3_cons:
+      switch (SCM_TYP7 (x))
+       {
+       case scm_tcs_cons_nimcar:
+         return scm_class_pair;
+       case scm_tcs_closures:
+         return scm_class_procedure;
+       case scm_tc7_symbol:
+         return scm_class_symbol;
+       case scm_tc7_vector:
+       case scm_tc7_wvect:
+         return scm_class_vector;
+       case scm_tc7_string:
+         return scm_class_string;
+        case scm_tc7_number:
+          switch SCM_TYP16 (x) {
+          case scm_tc16_big:
+            return scm_class_integer;
+          case scm_tc16_real:
+            return scm_class_real;
+          case scm_tc16_complex:
+            return scm_class_complex;
+         case scm_tc16_fraction:
+           return scm_class_fraction;
+          }
+       case scm_tc7_asubr:
+       case scm_tc7_subr_0:
+       case scm_tc7_subr_1:
+       case scm_tc7_dsubr:
+       case scm_tc7_cxr:
+       case scm_tc7_subr_3:
+       case scm_tc7_subr_2:
+       case scm_tc7_rpsubr:
+       case scm_tc7_subr_1o:
+       case scm_tc7_subr_2o:
+       case scm_tc7_lsubr_2:
+       case scm_tc7_lsubr:
+         if (SCM_SUBR_GENERIC (x) && *SCM_SUBR_GENERIC (x))
+           return scm_class_primitive_generic;
+         else
+           return scm_class_procedure;
+       case scm_tc7_cclo:
+         return scm_class_procedure;
+       case scm_tc7_pws:
+         return scm_class_procedure_with_setter;
+
+       case scm_tc7_smob:
+         {
+           scm_t_bits type = SCM_TYP16 (x);
+           if (type != scm_tc16_port_with_ps)
+             return scm_smob_class[SCM_TC2SMOBNUM (type)];
+           x = SCM_PORT_WITH_PS_PORT (x);
+           /* fall through to ports */
+         }
+       case scm_tc7_port:
+         return scm_port_class[(SCM_WRTNG & SCM_CELL_WORD_0 (x)
+                                ? (SCM_RDNG & SCM_CELL_WORD_0 (x)
+                                   ? SCM_INOUT_PCLASS_INDEX | SCM_PTOBNUM (x)
+                                   : SCM_OUT_PCLASS_INDEX | SCM_PTOBNUM (x))
+                                : SCM_IN_PCLASS_INDEX | SCM_PTOBNUM (x))];
+       case scm_tcs_struct:
+         if (SCM_OBJ_CLASS_FLAGS (x) & SCM_CLASSF_GOOPS_VALID)
+           return SCM_CLASS_OF (x);
+         else if (SCM_OBJ_CLASS_FLAGS (x) & SCM_CLASSF_GOOPS)
+           {
+             /* Goops object */
+             if (! scm_is_false (SCM_OBJ_CLASS_REDEF (x)))
+               scm_change_object_class (x,
+                                        SCM_CLASS_OF (x),         /* old */
+                                        SCM_OBJ_CLASS_REDEF (x)); /* new */
+             return SCM_CLASS_OF (x);
+           }
+         else
+           {
+             /* ordinary struct */
+             SCM handle = scm_struct_create_handle (SCM_STRUCT_VTABLE (x));
+             if (scm_is_true (SCM_STRUCT_TABLE_CLASS (SCM_CDR (handle))))
+               return SCM_STRUCT_TABLE_CLASS (SCM_CDR (handle));
+             else
+               {
+                 SCM name = SCM_STRUCT_TABLE_NAME (SCM_CDR (handle));
+                 SCM class = scm_make_extended_class (scm_is_true (name)
+                                                      ? scm_i_symbol_chars (name)
+                                                      : 0,
+                                                      SCM_I_OPERATORP (x));
+                 SCM_SET_STRUCT_TABLE_CLASS (SCM_CDR (handle), class);
+                 return class;
+               }
+           }
+       default:
+         if (scm_is_pair (x))
+           return scm_class_pair;
+         else
+           return scm_class_unknown;
+       }
+
+    case scm_tc3_struct:
+    case scm_tc3_tc7_1:
+    case scm_tc3_tc7_2:
+    case scm_tc3_closure:
+      /* Never reached */
+      break;
+    }
+  return scm_class_unknown;
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+/******************************************************************************
+ *
+ * Compute-cpl
+ *
+ *   This version doesn't fully handle multiple-inheritance. It serves
+ *   only for booting classes and will be overloaded in Scheme
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************/
+
+static SCM
+map (SCM (*proc) (SCM), SCM ls)
+{
+  if (scm_is_null (ls))
+    return ls;
+  else
+    {
+      SCM res = scm_cons (proc (SCM_CAR (ls)), SCM_EOL);
+      SCM h = res;
+      ls = SCM_CDR (ls);
+      while (!scm_is_null (ls))
+       {
+         SCM_SETCDR (h, scm_cons (proc (SCM_CAR (ls)), SCM_EOL));
+         h = SCM_CDR (h);
+         ls = SCM_CDR (ls);
+       }
+      return res;
+    }
+}
+
+static SCM
+filter_cpl (SCM ls)
+{
+  SCM res = SCM_EOL;
+  while (!scm_is_null (ls))
+    {
+      SCM el = SCM_CAR (ls);
+      if (scm_is_false (scm_c_memq (el, res)))
+       res = scm_cons (el, res);
+      ls = SCM_CDR (ls);
+    }
+  return res;
+}
+
+static SCM
+compute_cpl (SCM class)
+{
+  if (goops_loaded_p)
+    return CALL_GF1 ("compute-cpl", class);
+  else
+    {
+      SCM supers = SCM_SLOT (class, scm_si_direct_supers);
+      SCM ls = scm_append (scm_acons (class, supers,
+                                     map (compute_cpl, supers)));
+      return scm_reverse_x (filter_cpl (ls), SCM_EOL);
+    }
+}
+
+/******************************************************************************
+ *
+ * compute-slots
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************/
+
+static SCM
+remove_duplicate_slots (SCM l, SCM res, SCM slots_already_seen)
+{
+  SCM tmp;
+
+  if (scm_is_null (l))
+    return res;
+
+  tmp = SCM_CAAR (l);
+  if (!scm_is_symbol (tmp))
+    scm_misc_error ("%compute-slots", "bad slot name ~S", scm_list_1 (tmp));
+
+  if (scm_is_false (scm_c_memq (tmp, slots_already_seen))) {
+    res               = scm_cons (SCM_CAR (l), res);
+    slots_already_seen = scm_cons (tmp, slots_already_seen);
+  }
+
+  return remove_duplicate_slots (SCM_CDR (l), res, slots_already_seen);
+}
+
+static SCM
+build_slots_list (SCM dslots, SCM cpl)
+{
+  register SCM res = dslots;
+
+  for (cpl = SCM_CDR (cpl); !scm_is_null (cpl); cpl = SCM_CDR (cpl))
+    res = scm_append (scm_list_2 (SCM_SLOT (SCM_CAR (cpl),
+                                           scm_si_direct_slots),
+                                 res));
+
+  /* res contains a list of slots. Remove slots which appears more than once */
+  return remove_duplicate_slots (scm_reverse (res), SCM_EOL, SCM_EOL);
+}
+
+static SCM
+maplist (SCM ls)
+{
+  SCM orig = ls;
+  while (!scm_is_null (ls))
+    {
+      if (!scm_is_pair (SCM_CAR (ls)))
+       SCM_SETCAR (ls, scm_cons (SCM_CAR (ls), SCM_EOL));
+      ls = SCM_CDR (ls);
+    }
+  return orig;
+}
+
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_sys_compute_slots, "%compute-slots", 1, 0, 0,
+           (SCM class),
+           "Return a list consisting of the names of all slots belonging to\n"
+           "class @var{class}, i. e. the slots of @var{class} and of all of\n"
+           "its superclasses.")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_sys_compute_slots
+{
+  SCM_VALIDATE_CLASS (1, class);
+  return build_slots_list (SCM_SLOT (class, scm_si_direct_slots),
+                          SCM_SLOT (class, scm_si_cpl));
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+
+/******************************************************************************
+ *
+ * compute-getters-n-setters
+ *
+ *   This version doesn't handle slot options. It serves only for booting
+ * classes and will be overloaded in Scheme.
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************/
+
+SCM_KEYWORD (k_init_value, "init-value");
+SCM_KEYWORD (k_init_thunk, "init-thunk");
+
+static SCM
+compute_getters_n_setters (SCM slots)
+{
+  SCM res = SCM_EOL;
+  SCM *cdrloc = &res;
+  long i   = 0;
+
+  for (  ; !scm_is_null (slots); slots = SCM_CDR (slots))
+    {
+      SCM init = SCM_BOOL_F;
+      SCM options = SCM_CDAR (slots);
+      if (!scm_is_null (options))
+       {
+         init = scm_get_keyword (k_init_value, options, 0);
+         if (init)
+            {
+              init = scm_i_eval_x (scm_list_3 (scm_sym_lambda,
+                                               SCM_EOL,
+                                               scm_list_2 (scm_sym_quote,
+                                                           init)),
+                                   SCM_EOL);
+            }
+         else
+           init = scm_get_keyword (k_init_thunk, options, SCM_BOOL_F);
+       }
+      *cdrloc = scm_cons (scm_cons (SCM_CAAR (slots),
+                                   scm_cons (init,
+                                             scm_from_int (i++))),
+                         SCM_EOL);
+      cdrloc = SCM_CDRLOC (*cdrloc);
+    }
+  return res;
+}
+
+/******************************************************************************
+ *
+ * initialize-object
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************/
+
+/*fixme* Manufacture keywords in advance */
+SCM
+scm_i_get_keyword (SCM key, SCM l, long len, SCM default_value, const char *subr)
+{
+  long i;
+
+  for (i = 0; i != len; i += 2)
+    {
+      SCM obj = SCM_CAR (l);
+
+      if (!scm_is_keyword (obj))
+       scm_misc_error (subr, "bad keyword: ~S", scm_list_1 (obj));
+      else if (scm_is_eq (obj, key))
+       return SCM_CADR (l);
+      else
+       l = SCM_CDDR (l);
+    }
+
+  return default_value;
+}
+
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_get_keyword, "get-keyword", 3, 0, 0,
+           (SCM key, SCM l, SCM default_value),
+           "Determine an associated value for the keyword @var{key} from\n"
+           "the list @var{l}.  The list @var{l} has to consist of an even\n"
+           "number of elements, where, starting with the first, every\n"
+           "second element is a keyword, followed by its associated value.\n"
+           "If @var{l} does not hold a value for @var{key}, the value\n"
+           "@var{default_value} is returned.")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_get_keyword
+{
+  long len;
+
+  SCM_ASSERT (scm_is_keyword (key), key, SCM_ARG1, FUNC_NAME);
+  len = scm_ilength (l);
+  if (len < 0 || len % 2 == 1)
+    scm_misc_error (FUNC_NAME, "Bad keyword-value list: ~S", scm_list_1 (l));
+
+  return scm_i_get_keyword (key, l, len, default_value, FUNC_NAME);
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+
+SCM_KEYWORD (k_init_keyword, "init-keyword");
+
+static SCM get_slot_value (SCM class, SCM obj, SCM slotdef);
+static SCM set_slot_value (SCM class, SCM obj, SCM slotdef, SCM value);
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_sys_initialize_object, "%initialize-object", 2, 0, 0,
+           (SCM obj, SCM initargs),
+           "Initialize the object @var{obj} with the given arguments\n"
+           "@var{initargs}.")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_sys_initialize_object
+{
+  SCM tmp, get_n_set, slots;
+  SCM class       = SCM_CLASS_OF (obj);
+  long n_initargs;
+
+  SCM_VALIDATE_INSTANCE (1, obj);
+  n_initargs = scm_ilength (initargs);
+  SCM_ASSERT ((n_initargs & 1) == 0, initargs, SCM_ARG2, FUNC_NAME);
+
+  get_n_set = SCM_SLOT (class, scm_si_getters_n_setters);
+  slots     = SCM_SLOT (class, scm_si_slots);
+
+  /* See for each slot how it must be initialized */
+  for (;
+       !scm_is_null (slots);
+       get_n_set = SCM_CDR (get_n_set), slots = SCM_CDR (slots))
+    {
+      SCM slot_name  = SCM_CAR (slots);
+      SCM slot_value = 0;
+
+      if (!scm_is_null (SCM_CDR (slot_name)))
+       {
+         /* This slot admits (perhaps) to be initialized at creation time */
+         long n = scm_ilength (SCM_CDR (slot_name));
+         if (n & 1) /* odd or -1 */
+           SCM_MISC_ERROR ("class contains bogus slot definition: ~S",
+                           scm_list_1 (slot_name));
+         tmp   = scm_i_get_keyword (k_init_keyword,
+                                    SCM_CDR (slot_name),
+                                    n,
+                                    0,
+                                    FUNC_NAME);
+         slot_name = SCM_CAR (slot_name);
+         if (tmp)
+           {
+             /* an initarg was provided for this slot */
+             if (!scm_is_keyword (tmp))
+               SCM_MISC_ERROR ("initarg must be a keyword. It was ~S",
+                               scm_list_1 (tmp));
+             slot_value = scm_i_get_keyword (tmp,
+                                             initargs,
+                                             n_initargs,
+                                             0,
+                                             FUNC_NAME);
+           }
+       }
+
+      if (slot_value)
+       /* set slot to provided value */
+       set_slot_value (class, obj, SCM_CAR (get_n_set), slot_value);
+      else
+       {
+         /* set slot to its :init-form if it exists */
+         tmp = SCM_CADAR (get_n_set);
+         if (scm_is_true (tmp))
+           {
+             slot_value = get_slot_value (class, obj, SCM_CAR (get_n_set));
+             if (SCM_GOOPS_UNBOUNDP (slot_value))
+               {
+                 SCM env = SCM_EXTEND_ENV (SCM_EOL, SCM_EOL, SCM_ENV (tmp));
+                 set_slot_value (class,
+                                 obj,
+                                 SCM_CAR (get_n_set),
+                                 scm_eval_body (SCM_CLOSURE_BODY (tmp), env));
+               }
+           }
+       }
+    }
+
+  return obj;
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+/* NOTE: The following macros are interdependent with code
+ *       in goops.scm:compute-getters-n-setters
+ */
+#define SCM_GNS_INSTANCE_ALLOCATED_P(gns)      \
+  (SCM_I_INUMP (SCM_CDDR (gns))                        \
+   || (scm_is_pair (SCM_CDDR (gns))            \
+       && scm_is_pair (SCM_CDDDR (gns))                \
+       && scm_is_pair (SCM_CDDDDR (gns))))
+#define SCM_GNS_INDEX(gns)                     \
+  (SCM_I_INUMP (SCM_CDDR (gns))                        \
+   ? SCM_I_INUM (SCM_CDDR (gns))               \
+   : scm_to_long (SCM_CAR (SCM_CDDDDR (gns))))
+#define SCM_GNS_SIZE(gns)                      \
+  (SCM_I_INUMP (SCM_CDDR (gns))                        \
+   ? 1                                         \
+   : scm_to_long (SCM_CADR (SCM_CDDDDR (gns))))
+
+SCM_KEYWORD (k_class, "class");
+SCM_KEYWORD (k_allocation, "allocation");
+SCM_KEYWORD (k_instance, "instance");
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_sys_prep_layout_x, "%prep-layout!", 1, 0, 0,
+           (SCM class),
+           "")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_sys_prep_layout_x
+{
+  SCM slots, getters_n_setters, nfields;
+  unsigned long int n, i;
+  char *s;
+  SCM layout;
+
+  SCM_VALIDATE_INSTANCE (1, class);
+  slots = SCM_SLOT (class, scm_si_slots);
+  getters_n_setters = SCM_SLOT (class, scm_si_getters_n_setters);
+  nfields = SCM_SLOT (class, scm_si_nfields);
+  if (!SCM_I_INUMP (nfields) || SCM_I_INUM (nfields) < 0)
+    SCM_MISC_ERROR ("bad value in nfields slot: ~S",
+                   scm_list_1 (nfields));
+  n = 2 * SCM_I_INUM (nfields);
+  if (n < sizeof (SCM_CLASS_CLASS_LAYOUT) - 1
+      && SCM_SUBCLASSP (class, scm_class_class))
+    SCM_MISC_ERROR ("class object doesn't have enough fields: ~S",
+                   scm_list_1 (nfields));
+
+  layout = scm_i_make_string (n, &s);
+  i = 0;
+  while (scm_is_pair (getters_n_setters))
+    {
+      if (SCM_GNS_INSTANCE_ALLOCATED_P (SCM_CAR (getters_n_setters)))
+       {
+         SCM type;
+         int len, index, size;
+         char p, a;
+
+         if (i >= n || !scm_is_pair (slots))
+           goto inconsistent;
+         
+         /* extract slot type */
+         len = scm_ilength (SCM_CDAR (slots));
+         type = scm_i_get_keyword (k_class, SCM_CDAR (slots),
+                                   len, SCM_BOOL_F, FUNC_NAME);
+         /* determine slot GC protection and access mode */
+         if (scm_is_false (type))
+           {
+             p = 'p';
+             a = 'w';
+           }
+         else
+           {
+             if (!SCM_CLASSP (type))
+               SCM_MISC_ERROR ("bad slot class", SCM_EOL);
+             else if (SCM_SUBCLASSP (type, scm_class_foreign_slot))
+               {
+                 if (SCM_SUBCLASSP (type, scm_class_self))
+                   p = 's';
+                 else if (SCM_SUBCLASSP (type, scm_class_protected))
+                   p = 'p';
+                 else
+                   p = 'u';
+
+                 if (SCM_SUBCLASSP (type, scm_class_opaque))
+                   a = 'o';
+                 else if (SCM_SUBCLASSP (type, scm_class_read_only))
+                   a = 'r';
+                 else
+                   a = 'w';
+               }
+             else
+               {
+                 p = 'p';
+                 a = 'w';
+               }
+           }
+      
+         index = SCM_GNS_INDEX (SCM_CAR (getters_n_setters));
+         if (index != (i >> 1))
+           goto inconsistent;
+         size = SCM_GNS_SIZE (SCM_CAR (getters_n_setters));
+         while (size)
+           {
+             s[i++] = p;
+             s[i++] = a;
+             --size;
+           }
+       }
+      slots = SCM_CDR (slots);
+      getters_n_setters = SCM_CDR (getters_n_setters);
+    }
+  if (!scm_is_null (slots))
+    {
+    inconsistent:
+      SCM_MISC_ERROR ("inconsistent getters-n-setters", SCM_EOL);
+    }
+  SCM_SET_SLOT (class, scm_si_layout, scm_string_to_symbol (layout));
+  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+static void prep_hashsets (SCM);
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_sys_inherit_magic_x, "%inherit-magic!", 2, 0, 0,
+           (SCM class, SCM dsupers),
+           "")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_sys_inherit_magic_x
+{
+  SCM ls = dsupers;
+  long flags = 0;
+  SCM_VALIDATE_INSTANCE (1, class);
+  while (!scm_is_null (ls))
+    {
+      SCM_ASSERT (scm_is_pair (ls)
+                 && SCM_INSTANCEP (SCM_CAR (ls)),
+                 dsupers,
+                 SCM_ARG2,
+                 FUNC_NAME);
+      flags |= SCM_CLASS_FLAGS (SCM_CAR (ls));
+      ls = SCM_CDR (ls);
+    }
+  flags &= SCM_CLASSF_INHERIT;
+  if (flags & SCM_CLASSF_ENTITY)
+    SCM_SET_CLASS_DESTRUCTOR (class, scm_struct_free_entity);
+  else
+    {
+      long n = SCM_I_INUM (SCM_SLOT (class, scm_si_nfields));
+#if 0
+      /*
+       * We could avoid calling scm_gc_malloc in the allocation code
+       * (in which case the following two lines are needed).  Instead
+       * we make 0-slot instances non-light, so that the light case
+       * can be handled without special cases.
+       */
+      if (n == 0)
+       SCM_SET_CLASS_DESTRUCTOR (class, scm_struct_free_0);
+#endif
+      if (n > 0 && !(flags & SCM_CLASSF_METACLASS))
+       {
+         /* NOTE: The following depends on scm_struct_i_size. */
+         flags |= SCM_STRUCTF_LIGHT + n * sizeof (SCM); /* use light representation */
+         SCM_SET_CLASS_DESTRUCTOR (class, scm_struct_free_light);
+       }
+    }
+  SCM_SET_CLASS_FLAGS (class, flags);
+
+  prep_hashsets (class);
+
+  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+static void
+prep_hashsets (SCM class)
+{
+  unsigned int i;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < 7; ++i)
+    SCM_SET_HASHSET (class, i, scm_c_uniform32 (goops_rstate));
+}
+
+/******************************************************************************/
+
+SCM
+scm_basic_basic_make_class (SCM class, SCM name, SCM dsupers, SCM dslots)
+{
+  SCM z, cpl, slots, nfields, g_n_s;
+
+  /* Allocate one instance */
+  z = scm_make_struct (class, SCM_INUM0, SCM_EOL);
+
+  /* Initialize its slots */
+  SCM_SET_SLOT (z, scm_si_direct_supers, dsupers);
+  cpl   = compute_cpl (z);
+  slots = build_slots_list (maplist (dslots), cpl);
+  nfields = scm_from_int (scm_ilength (slots));
+  g_n_s = compute_getters_n_setters (slots);
+
+  SCM_SET_SLOT (z, scm_si_name, name);
+  SCM_SET_SLOT (z, scm_si_direct_slots, dslots);
+  SCM_SET_SLOT (z, scm_si_direct_subclasses, SCM_EOL);
+  SCM_SET_SLOT (z, scm_si_direct_methods, SCM_EOL);
+  SCM_SET_SLOT (z, scm_si_cpl, cpl);
+  SCM_SET_SLOT (z, scm_si_slots, slots);
+  SCM_SET_SLOT (z, scm_si_nfields, nfields);
+  SCM_SET_SLOT (z, scm_si_getters_n_setters, g_n_s);
+  SCM_SET_SLOT (z, scm_si_redefined, SCM_BOOL_F);
+  SCM_SET_SLOT (z, scm_si_environment,
+               scm_top_level_env (SCM_TOP_LEVEL_LOOKUP_CLOSURE));
+
+  /* Add this class in the direct-subclasses slot of dsupers */
+  {
+    SCM tmp;
+    for (tmp = dsupers; !scm_is_null (tmp); tmp = SCM_CDR (tmp))
+      SCM_SET_SLOT (SCM_CAR (tmp), scm_si_direct_subclasses,
+                   scm_cons (z, SCM_SLOT (SCM_CAR (tmp),
+                                          scm_si_direct_subclasses)));
+  }
+
+  /* Support for the underlying structs: */
+  SCM_SET_CLASS_FLAGS (z, (class == scm_class_entity_class
+                          ? (SCM_CLASSF_GOOPS_OR_VALID
+                             | SCM_CLASSF_OPERATOR
+                             | SCM_CLASSF_ENTITY)
+                          : class == scm_class_operator_class
+                          ? SCM_CLASSF_GOOPS_OR_VALID | SCM_CLASSF_OPERATOR
+                          : SCM_CLASSF_GOOPS_OR_VALID));
+  return z;
+}
+
+SCM
+scm_basic_make_class (SCM class, SCM name, SCM dsupers, SCM dslots)
+{
+  SCM z = scm_basic_basic_make_class (class, name, dsupers, dslots);
+  scm_sys_inherit_magic_x (z, dsupers);
+  scm_sys_prep_layout_x (z);
+  return z;
+}
+
+/******************************************************************************/
+
+SCM_SYMBOL (sym_layout, "layout");
+SCM_SYMBOL (sym_vcell, "vcell");
+SCM_SYMBOL (sym_vtable, "vtable");
+SCM_SYMBOL (sym_print, "print");
+SCM_SYMBOL (sym_procedure, "procedure");
+SCM_SYMBOL (sym_setter, "setter");
+SCM_SYMBOL (sym_redefined, "redefined");
+SCM_SYMBOL (sym_h0, "h0");
+SCM_SYMBOL (sym_h1, "h1");
+SCM_SYMBOL (sym_h2, "h2");
+SCM_SYMBOL (sym_h3, "h3");
+SCM_SYMBOL (sym_h4, "h4");
+SCM_SYMBOL (sym_h5, "h5");
+SCM_SYMBOL (sym_h6, "h6");
+SCM_SYMBOL (sym_h7, "h7");
+SCM_SYMBOL (sym_name, "name");
+SCM_SYMBOL (sym_direct_supers, "direct-supers");
+SCM_SYMBOL (sym_direct_slots, "direct-slots");
+SCM_SYMBOL (sym_direct_subclasses, "direct-subclasses");
+SCM_SYMBOL (sym_direct_methods, "direct-methods");
+SCM_SYMBOL (sym_cpl, "cpl");
+SCM_SYMBOL (sym_default_slot_definition_class, "default-slot-definition-class");
+SCM_SYMBOL (sym_slots, "slots");
+SCM_SYMBOL (sym_getters_n_setters, "getters-n-setters");
+SCM_SYMBOL (sym_keyword_access, "keyword-access");
+SCM_SYMBOL (sym_nfields, "nfields");
+SCM_SYMBOL (sym_environment, "environment");
+
+
+static SCM
+build_class_class_slots ()
+{
+  return scm_list_n (
+    scm_list_3 (sym_layout, k_class, scm_class_protected_read_only),
+    scm_list_3 (sym_vtable, k_class, scm_class_self),
+    scm_list_1 (sym_print),
+    scm_list_3 (sym_procedure, k_class, scm_class_protected_opaque),
+    scm_list_3 (sym_setter, k_class, scm_class_protected_opaque),
+    scm_list_1 (sym_redefined),
+    scm_list_3 (sym_h0, k_class, scm_class_int),
+    scm_list_3 (sym_h1, k_class, scm_class_int),
+    scm_list_3 (sym_h2, k_class, scm_class_int),
+    scm_list_3 (sym_h3, k_class, scm_class_int),
+    scm_list_3 (sym_h4, k_class, scm_class_int),
+    scm_list_3 (sym_h5, k_class, scm_class_int),
+    scm_list_3 (sym_h6, k_class, scm_class_int),
+    scm_list_3 (sym_h7, k_class, scm_class_int),
+    scm_list_1 (sym_name),
+    scm_list_1 (sym_direct_supers),
+    scm_list_1 (sym_direct_slots),
+    scm_list_1 (sym_direct_subclasses),
+    scm_list_1 (sym_direct_methods),
+    scm_list_1 (sym_cpl),
+    scm_list_1 (sym_default_slot_definition_class),
+    scm_list_1 (sym_slots),
+    scm_list_1 (sym_getters_n_setters),
+    scm_list_1 (sym_keyword_access),
+    scm_list_1 (sym_nfields),
+    scm_list_1 (sym_environment),
+    SCM_UNDEFINED);
+}
+
+static void
+create_basic_classes (void)
+{
+  /* SCM slots_of_class = build_class_class_slots (); */
+
+  /**** <scm_class_class> ****/
+  SCM cs = scm_from_locale_string (SCM_CLASS_CLASS_LAYOUT
+                                  + 2 * scm_vtable_offset_user);
+  SCM name = scm_from_locale_symbol ("<class>");
+  scm_class_class = scm_permanent_object (scm_make_vtable_vtable (cs,
+                                                                 SCM_INUM0,
+                                                                 SCM_EOL));
+  SCM_SET_CLASS_FLAGS (scm_class_class, (SCM_CLASSF_GOOPS_OR_VALID
+                                        | SCM_CLASSF_METACLASS));
+
+  SCM_SET_SLOT (scm_class_class, scm_si_name, name);
+  SCM_SET_SLOT (scm_class_class, scm_si_direct_supers, SCM_EOL);  /* will be changed */
+  /* SCM_SET_SLOT (scm_class_class, scm_si_direct_slots, slots_of_class); */
+  SCM_SET_SLOT (scm_class_class, scm_si_direct_subclasses, SCM_EOL);
+  SCM_SET_SLOT (scm_class_class, scm_si_direct_methods, SCM_EOL);
+  SCM_SET_SLOT (scm_class_class, scm_si_cpl, SCM_EOL);  /* will be changed */
+  /* SCM_SET_SLOT (scm_class_class, scm_si_slots, slots_of_class); */
+  SCM_SET_SLOT (scm_class_class, scm_si_nfields, scm_from_int (SCM_N_CLASS_SLOTS));
+  /* SCM_SET_SLOT (scm_class_class, scm_si_getters_n_setters,
+                   compute_getters_n_setters (slots_of_class)); */
+  SCM_SET_SLOT (scm_class_class, scm_si_redefined, SCM_BOOL_F);
+  SCM_SET_SLOT (scm_class_class, scm_si_environment,
+               scm_top_level_env (SCM_TOP_LEVEL_LOOKUP_CLOSURE));
+
+  prep_hashsets (scm_class_class);
+
+  DEFVAR(name, scm_class_class);
+
+  /**** <scm_class_top> ****/
+  name = scm_from_locale_symbol ("<top>");
+  scm_class_top = scm_permanent_object (scm_basic_make_class (scm_class_class,
+                                                   name,
+                                                   SCM_EOL,
+                                                   SCM_EOL));
+
+  DEFVAR(name, scm_class_top);
+
+  /**** <scm_class_object> ****/
+  name  = scm_from_locale_symbol ("<object>");
+  scm_class_object = scm_permanent_object (scm_basic_make_class (scm_class_class,
+                                                      name,
+                                                      scm_list_1 (scm_class_top),
+                                                      SCM_EOL));
+
+  DEFVAR (name, scm_class_object);
+
+  /* <top> <object> and <class> were partially initialized. Correct them here */
+  SCM_SET_SLOT (scm_class_object, scm_si_direct_subclasses, scm_list_1 (scm_class_class));
+
+  SCM_SET_SLOT (scm_class_class, scm_si_direct_supers, scm_list_1 (scm_class_object));
+  SCM_SET_SLOT (scm_class_class, scm_si_cpl, scm_list_3 (scm_class_class, scm_class_object, scm_class_top));
+}
+
+/******************************************************************************/
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_instance_p, "instance?", 1, 0, 0,
+           (SCM obj),
+           "Return @code{#t} if @var{obj} is an instance.")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_instance_p
+{
+  return scm_from_bool (SCM_INSTANCEP (obj));
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+
+/******************************************************************************
+ *
+ * Meta object accessors
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************/
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_class_name, "class-name",  1, 0, 0,
+           (SCM obj),
+           "Return the class name of @var{obj}.")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_class_name
+{
+  SCM_VALIDATE_CLASS (1, obj);
+  return scm_slot_ref (obj, sym_name);
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_class_direct_supers, "class-direct-supers", 1, 0, 0,
+           (SCM obj),
+           "Return the direct superclasses of the class @var{obj}.")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_class_direct_supers
+{
+  SCM_VALIDATE_CLASS (1, obj);
+  return scm_slot_ref (obj, sym_direct_supers);
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_class_direct_slots, "class-direct-slots", 1, 0, 0,
+           (SCM obj),
+           "Return the direct slots of the class @var{obj}.")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_class_direct_slots
+{
+  SCM_VALIDATE_CLASS (1, obj);
+  return scm_slot_ref (obj, sym_direct_slots);
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_class_direct_subclasses, "class-direct-subclasses", 1, 0, 0,
+           (SCM obj),
+           "Return the direct subclasses of the class @var{obj}.")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_class_direct_subclasses
+{
+  SCM_VALIDATE_CLASS (1, obj);
+  return scm_slot_ref(obj, sym_direct_subclasses);
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_class_direct_methods, "class-direct-methods", 1, 0, 0,
+           (SCM obj),
+           "Return the direct methods of the class @var{obj}")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_class_direct_methods
+{
+  SCM_VALIDATE_CLASS (1, obj);
+  return scm_slot_ref (obj, sym_direct_methods);
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_class_precedence_list, "class-precedence-list", 1, 0, 0,
+           (SCM obj),
+           "Return the class precedence list of the class @var{obj}.")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_class_precedence_list
+{
+  SCM_VALIDATE_CLASS (1, obj);
+  return scm_slot_ref (obj, sym_cpl);
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_class_slots, "class-slots", 1, 0, 0,
+           (SCM obj),
+           "Return the slot list of the class @var{obj}.")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_class_slots
+{
+  SCM_VALIDATE_CLASS (1, obj);
+  return scm_slot_ref (obj, sym_slots);
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_class_environment, "class-environment", 1, 0, 0,
+           (SCM obj),
+           "Return the environment of the class @var{obj}.")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_class_environment
+{
+  SCM_VALIDATE_CLASS (1, obj);
+  return scm_slot_ref(obj, sym_environment);
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_generic_function_name, "generic-function-name", 1, 0, 0,
+           (SCM obj),
+           "Return the name of the generic function @var{obj}.")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_generic_function_name
+{
+  SCM_VALIDATE_GENERIC (1, obj);
+  return scm_procedure_property (obj, scm_sym_name);
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+SCM_SYMBOL (sym_methods, "methods");
+SCM_SYMBOL (sym_extended_by, "extended-by");
+SCM_SYMBOL (sym_extends, "extends");
+
+static
+SCM fold_downward_gf_methods (SCM method_lists, SCM gf)
+{
+  SCM gfs = scm_slot_ref (gf, sym_extended_by);
+  method_lists = scm_cons (scm_slot_ref (gf, sym_methods), method_lists);
+  while (!scm_is_null (gfs))
+    {
+      method_lists = fold_downward_gf_methods (method_lists, SCM_CAR (gfs));
+      gfs = SCM_CDR (gfs);
+    }
+  return method_lists;
+}
+
+static
+SCM fold_upward_gf_methods (SCM method_lists, SCM gf)
+{
+  if (SCM_IS_A_P (gf, scm_class_extended_generic))
+    {
+      SCM gfs = scm_slot_ref (gf, sym_extends);
+      while (!scm_is_null (gfs))
+       {
+         SCM methods = scm_slot_ref (SCM_CAR (gfs), sym_methods);
+         method_lists = fold_upward_gf_methods (scm_cons (methods,
+                                                          method_lists),
+                                                SCM_CAR (gfs));
+         gfs = SCM_CDR (gfs);
+       }
+    }
+  return method_lists;
+}
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_generic_function_methods, "generic-function-methods", 1, 0, 0,
+           (SCM obj),
+           "Return the methods of the generic function @var{obj}.")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_generic_function_methods
+{
+  SCM methods;
+  SCM_VALIDATE_GENERIC (1, obj);
+  methods = fold_upward_gf_methods (SCM_EOL, obj);
+  methods = fold_downward_gf_methods (methods, obj);
+  return scm_append (methods);
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_method_generic_function, "method-generic-function", 1, 0, 0,
+           (SCM obj),
+           "Return the generic function for the method @var{obj}.")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_method_generic_function
+{
+  SCM_VALIDATE_METHOD (1, obj);
+  return scm_slot_ref (obj, scm_from_locale_symbol ("generic-function"));
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_method_specializers, "method-specializers", 1, 0, 0,
+           (SCM obj),
+           "Return specializers of the method @var{obj}.")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_method_specializers
+{
+  SCM_VALIDATE_METHOD (1, obj);
+  return scm_slot_ref (obj, scm_from_locale_symbol ("specializers"));
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_method_procedure, "method-procedure", 1, 0, 0,
+           (SCM obj),
+           "Return the procedure of the method @var{obj}.")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_method_procedure
+{
+  SCM_VALIDATE_METHOD (1, obj);
+  return scm_slot_ref (obj, sym_procedure);
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_accessor_method_slot_definition, "accessor-method-slot-definition", 1, 0, 0,
+           (SCM obj),
+           "Return the slot definition of the accessor @var{obj}.")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_accessor_method_slot_definition
+{
+  SCM_VALIDATE_ACCESSOR (1, obj);
+  return scm_slot_ref (obj, scm_from_locale_symbol ("slot-definition"));
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_sys_tag_body, "%tag-body", 1, 0, 0,
+           (SCM body),
+           "Internal GOOPS magic---don't use this function!")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_sys_tag_body
+{
+  return scm_cons (SCM_IM_LAMBDA, body);
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+/******************************************************************************
+ *
+ * S l o t   a c c e s s
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************/
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_make_unbound, "make-unbound", 0, 0, 0,
+           (),
+           "Return the unbound value.")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_make_unbound
+{
+  return SCM_GOOPS_UNBOUND;
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_unbound_p, "unbound?", 1, 0, 0,
+           (SCM obj),
+           "Return @code{#t} if @var{obj} is unbound.")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_unbound_p
+{
+  return SCM_GOOPS_UNBOUNDP (obj) ? SCM_BOOL_T : SCM_BOOL_F;
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_assert_bound, "assert-bound", 2, 0, 0,
+           (SCM value, SCM obj),
+           "Return @var{value} if it is bound, and invoke the\n"
+           "@var{slot-unbound} method of @var{obj} if it is not.")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_assert_bound
+{
+  if (SCM_GOOPS_UNBOUNDP (value))
+    return CALL_GF1 ("slot-unbound", obj);
+  return value;
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_at_assert_bound_ref, "@assert-bound-ref", 2, 0, 0,
+           (SCM obj, SCM index),
+           "Like @code{assert-bound}, but use @var{index} for accessing\n"
+           "the value from @var{obj}.")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_at_assert_bound_ref
+{
+  SCM value = SCM_SLOT (obj, scm_to_int (index));
+  if (SCM_GOOPS_UNBOUNDP (value))
+    return CALL_GF1 ("slot-unbound", obj);
+  return value;
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_sys_fast_slot_ref, "%fast-slot-ref", 2, 0, 0,
+           (SCM obj, SCM index),
+           "Return the slot value with index @var{index} from @var{obj}.")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_sys_fast_slot_ref
+{
+  unsigned long int i;
+
+  SCM_VALIDATE_INSTANCE (1, obj);
+  i = scm_to_unsigned_integer (index, 0,
+                              SCM_I_INUM (SCM_SLOT (SCM_CLASS_OF (obj),
+                                                    scm_si_nfields))
+                              - 1);
+  return SCM_SLOT (obj, i);
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_sys_fast_slot_set_x, "%fast-slot-set!", 3, 0, 0,
+           (SCM obj, SCM index, SCM value),
+           "Set the slot with index @var{index} in @var{obj} to\n"
+           "@var{value}.")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_sys_fast_slot_set_x
+{
+  unsigned long int i;
+
+  SCM_VALIDATE_INSTANCE (1, obj);
+  i = scm_to_unsigned_integer (index, 0,
+                              SCM_I_INUM (SCM_SLOT (SCM_CLASS_OF (obj),
+                                                    scm_si_nfields))
+                              - 1);
+
+  SCM_SET_SLOT (obj, i, value);
+
+  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+
+SCM_SYNTAX (s_atslot_ref, "@slot-ref", scm_i_makbimacro, scm_m_atslot_ref);
+SCM_SYNTAX (s_atslot_set_x, "@slot-set!", scm_i_makbimacro, scm_m_atslot_set_x);
+
+
+/** Utilities **/
+
+/* In the future, this function will return the effective slot
+ * definition associated with SLOT_NAME.  Now it just returns some of
+ * the information which will be stored in the effective slot
+ * definition.
+ */
+
+static SCM
+slot_definition_using_name (SCM class, SCM slot_name)
+{
+  register SCM slots = SCM_SLOT (class, scm_si_getters_n_setters);
+  for (; !scm_is_null (slots); slots = SCM_CDR (slots))
+    if (SCM_CAAR (slots) == slot_name)
+      return SCM_CAR (slots);
+  return SCM_BOOL_F;
+}
+
+static SCM
+get_slot_value (SCM class SCM_UNUSED, SCM obj, SCM slotdef)
+#define FUNC_NAME "%get-slot-value"
+{
+  SCM access = SCM_CDDR (slotdef);
+  /* Two cases here:
+   *   - access is an integer (the offset of this slot in the slots vector)
+   *   - otherwise (car access) is the getter function to apply
+   *
+   * Instances have never more than SCM_MOST_POSITIVE_FIXNUM slots, so
+   * we can just assume fixnums here.
+   */
+  if (SCM_I_INUMP (access))
+    /* Don't poke at the slots directly, because scm_struct_ref handles the
+       access bits for us. */
+    return scm_struct_ref (obj, access);
+  else
+    {
+      /* We must evaluate (apply (car access) (list obj))
+       * where (car access) is known to be a closure of arity 1  */
+      register SCM code, env;
+
+      code = SCM_CAR (access);
+      if (!SCM_CLOSUREP (code))
+       return SCM_SUBRF (code) (obj);
+      env  = SCM_EXTEND_ENV (SCM_CLOSURE_FORMALS (code),
+                            scm_list_1 (obj),
+                            SCM_ENV (code));
+      /* Evaluate the closure body */
+      return scm_eval_body (SCM_CLOSURE_BODY (code), env);
+    }
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+static SCM
+get_slot_value_using_name (SCM class, SCM obj, SCM slot_name)
+{
+  SCM slotdef = slot_definition_using_name (class, slot_name);
+  if (scm_is_true (slotdef))
+    return get_slot_value (class, obj, slotdef);
+  else
+    return CALL_GF3 ("slot-missing", class, obj, slot_name);
+}
+
+static SCM
+set_slot_value (SCM class SCM_UNUSED, SCM obj, SCM slotdef, SCM value)
+#define FUNC_NAME "%set-slot-value"
+{
+  SCM access = SCM_CDDR (slotdef);
+  /* Two cases here:
+   *   - access is an integer (the offset of this slot in the slots vector)
+   *   - otherwise (cadr access) is the setter function to apply
+   *
+   * Instances have never more than SCM_MOST_POSITIVE_FIXNUM slots, so
+   * we can just assume fixnums here.
+   */
+  if (SCM_I_INUMP (access))
+    /* obey permissions bits via going through struct-set! */
+    scm_struct_set_x (obj, access, value);
+  else
+    {
+      /* We must evaluate (apply (cadr l) (list obj value))
+       * where (cadr l) is known to be a closure of arity 2  */
+      register SCM code, env;
+
+      code = SCM_CADR (access);
+      if (!SCM_CLOSUREP (code))
+       SCM_SUBRF (code) (obj, value);
+      else
+       {
+         env  = SCM_EXTEND_ENV (SCM_CLOSURE_FORMALS (code),
+                                scm_list_2 (obj, value),
+                                SCM_ENV (code));
+         /* Evaluate the closure body */
+         scm_eval_body (SCM_CLOSURE_BODY (code), env);
+       }
+    }
+  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+static SCM
+set_slot_value_using_name (SCM class, SCM obj, SCM slot_name, SCM value)
+{
+  SCM slotdef = slot_definition_using_name (class, slot_name);
+  if (scm_is_true (slotdef))
+    return set_slot_value (class, obj, slotdef, value);
+  else
+    return CALL_GF4 ("slot-missing", class, obj, slot_name, value);
+}
+
+static SCM
+test_slot_existence (SCM class SCM_UNUSED, SCM obj, SCM slot_name)
+{
+  register SCM l;
+
+  for (l = SCM_ACCESSORS_OF (obj); !scm_is_null (l); l = SCM_CDR (l))
+    if (scm_is_eq (SCM_CAAR (l), slot_name))
+      return SCM_BOOL_T;
+
+  return SCM_BOOL_F;
+}
+
+               /* ======================================== */
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_slot_ref_using_class, "slot-ref-using-class", 3, 0, 0,
+           (SCM class, SCM obj, SCM slot_name),
+           "")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_slot_ref_using_class
+{
+  SCM res;
+
+  SCM_VALIDATE_CLASS (1, class);
+  SCM_VALIDATE_INSTANCE (2, obj);
+  SCM_VALIDATE_SYMBOL (3, slot_name);
+
+  res = get_slot_value_using_name (class, obj, slot_name);
+  if (SCM_GOOPS_UNBOUNDP (res))
+    return CALL_GF3 ("slot-unbound", class, obj, slot_name);
+  return res;
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_slot_set_using_class_x, "slot-set-using-class!", 4, 0, 0,
+           (SCM class, SCM obj, SCM slot_name, SCM value),
+           "")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_slot_set_using_class_x
+{
+  SCM_VALIDATE_CLASS (1, class);
+  SCM_VALIDATE_INSTANCE (2, obj);
+  SCM_VALIDATE_SYMBOL (3, slot_name);
+
+  return set_slot_value_using_name (class, obj, slot_name, value);
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_slot_bound_using_class_p, "slot-bound-using-class?", 3, 0, 0,
+           (SCM class, SCM obj, SCM slot_name),
+           "")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_slot_bound_using_class_p
+{
+  SCM_VALIDATE_CLASS (1, class);
+  SCM_VALIDATE_INSTANCE (2, obj);
+  SCM_VALIDATE_SYMBOL (3, slot_name);
+
+  return (SCM_GOOPS_UNBOUNDP (get_slot_value_using_name (class, obj, slot_name))
+         ? SCM_BOOL_F
+         : SCM_BOOL_T);
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_slot_exists_using_class_p, "slot-exists-using-class?", 3, 0, 0,
+           (SCM class, SCM obj, SCM slot_name),
+           "")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_slot_exists_using_class_p
+{
+  SCM_VALIDATE_CLASS (1, class);
+  SCM_VALIDATE_INSTANCE (2, obj);
+  SCM_VALIDATE_SYMBOL (3, slot_name);
+  return test_slot_existence (class, obj, slot_name);
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+
+               /* ======================================== */
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_slot_ref, "slot-ref", 2, 0, 0,
+           (SCM obj, SCM slot_name),
+           "Return the value from @var{obj}'s slot with the name\n"
+           "@var{slot_name}.")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_slot_ref
+{
+  SCM res, class;
+
+  SCM_VALIDATE_INSTANCE (1, obj);
+  TEST_CHANGE_CLASS (obj, class);
+
+  res = get_slot_value_using_name (class, obj, slot_name);
+  if (SCM_GOOPS_UNBOUNDP (res))
+    return CALL_GF3 ("slot-unbound", class, obj, slot_name);
+  return res;
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_slot_set_x, "slot-set!", 3, 0, 0,
+           (SCM obj, SCM slot_name, SCM value),
+           "Set the slot named @var{slot_name} of @var{obj} to @var{value}.")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_slot_set_x
+{
+  SCM class;
+
+  SCM_VALIDATE_INSTANCE (1, obj);
+  TEST_CHANGE_CLASS(obj, class);
+
+  return set_slot_value_using_name (class, obj, slot_name, value);
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+const char *scm_s_slot_set_x = s_scm_slot_set_x;
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_slot_bound_p, "slot-bound?", 2, 0, 0,
+           (SCM obj, SCM slot_name),
+           "Return @code{#t} if the slot named @var{slot_name} of @var{obj}\n"
+           "is bound.")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_slot_bound_p
+{
+  SCM class;
+
+  SCM_VALIDATE_INSTANCE (1, obj);
+  TEST_CHANGE_CLASS(obj, class);
+
+  return (SCM_GOOPS_UNBOUNDP (get_slot_value_using_name (class,
+                                                        obj,
+                                                        slot_name))
+         ? SCM_BOOL_F
+         : SCM_BOOL_T);
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_slot_exists_p, "slot-exists?", 2, 0, 0,
+           (SCM obj, SCM slot_name),
+           "Return @code{#t} if @var{obj} has a slot named @var{slot_name}.")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_slot_exists_p
+{
+  SCM class;
+
+  SCM_VALIDATE_INSTANCE (1, obj);
+  SCM_VALIDATE_SYMBOL (2, slot_name);
+  TEST_CHANGE_CLASS (obj, class);
+
+  return test_slot_existence (class, obj, slot_name);
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+
+/******************************************************************************
+ *
+ * %allocate-instance (the low level instance allocation primitive)
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************/
+
+static void clear_method_cache (SCM);
+
+static SCM
+wrap_init (SCM class, SCM *m, long n)
+{
+  long i;
+  scm_t_bits slayout = SCM_STRUCT_DATA (class)[scm_vtable_index_layout];
+  const char *layout = scm_i_symbol_chars (SCM_PACK (slayout));
+
+  /* Set all SCM-holding slots to unbound */
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+    if (layout[i*2] == 'p')
+      m[i] = SCM_GOOPS_UNBOUND;
+    else
+      m[i] = 0;
+
+  return scm_double_cell ((((scm_t_bits) SCM_STRUCT_DATA (class))
+                          | scm_tc3_struct),
+                         (scm_t_bits) m, 0, 0);
+}
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_sys_allocate_instance, "%allocate-instance", 2, 0, 0,
+           (SCM class, SCM initargs),
+           "Create a new instance of class @var{class} and initialize it\n"
+           "from the arguments @var{initargs}.")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_sys_allocate_instance
+{
+  SCM *m;
+  long n;
+
+  SCM_VALIDATE_CLASS (1, class);
+
+  /* Most instances */
+  if (SCM_CLASS_FLAGS (class) & SCM_STRUCTF_LIGHT)
+    {
+      n = SCM_I_INUM (SCM_SLOT (class, scm_si_nfields));
+      m = (SCM *) scm_gc_malloc (n * sizeof (SCM), "struct");
+      return wrap_init (class, m, n);
+    }
+
+  /* Foreign objects */
+  if (SCM_CLASS_FLAGS (class) & SCM_CLASSF_FOREIGN)
+    return scm_make_foreign_object (class, initargs);
+
+  n = SCM_I_INUM (SCM_SLOT (class, scm_si_nfields));
+
+  /* Entities */
+  if (SCM_CLASS_FLAGS (class) & SCM_CLASSF_ENTITY)
+    {
+      m = (SCM *) scm_alloc_struct (n, scm_struct_entity_n_extra_words,
+                                   "entity struct");
+      m[scm_struct_i_setter] = SCM_BOOL_F;
+      m[scm_struct_i_procedure] = SCM_BOOL_F;
+      /* Generic functions */
+      if (SCM_CLASS_FLAGS (class) & SCM_CLASSF_PURE_GENERIC)
+       {
+         SCM gf = wrap_init (class, m, n);
+         clear_method_cache (gf);
+         return gf;
+       }
+      else
+       return wrap_init (class, m, n);
+    }
+
+  /* Class objects */
+  if (SCM_CLASS_FLAGS (class) & SCM_CLASSF_METACLASS)
+    {
+      long i;
+
+      /* allocate class object */
+      SCM z = scm_make_struct (class, SCM_INUM0, SCM_EOL);
+
+      SCM_SET_SLOT (z, scm_si_print, SCM_GOOPS_UNBOUND);
+      for (i = scm_si_goops_fields; i < n; i++)
+       SCM_SET_SLOT (z, i, SCM_GOOPS_UNBOUND);
+
+      if (SCM_SUBCLASSP (class, scm_class_entity_class))
+       SCM_SET_CLASS_FLAGS (z, SCM_CLASSF_OPERATOR | SCM_CLASSF_ENTITY);
+      else if (SCM_SUBCLASSP (class, scm_class_operator_class))
+       SCM_SET_CLASS_FLAGS (z, SCM_CLASSF_OPERATOR);
+
+      return z;
+    }
+
+  /* Non-light instances */
+  {
+    m = (SCM *) scm_alloc_struct (n, scm_struct_n_extra_words, "heavy struct");
+    return wrap_init (class, m, n);
+  }
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_sys_set_object_setter_x, "%set-object-setter!", 2, 0, 0,
+           (SCM obj, SCM setter),
+           "")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_sys_set_object_setter_x
+{
+  SCM_ASSERT (SCM_STRUCTP (obj)
+             && ((SCM_CLASS_FLAGS (obj) & SCM_CLASSF_OPERATOR)
+                 || SCM_I_ENTITYP (obj)),
+             obj,
+             SCM_ARG1,
+             FUNC_NAME);
+  if (SCM_I_ENTITYP (obj))
+    SCM_SET_ENTITY_SETTER (obj, setter);
+  else
+    SCM_OPERATOR_CLASS (obj)->setter = setter;
+  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+/******************************************************************************
+ *
+ * %modify-instance (used by change-class to modify in place)
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************/
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_sys_modify_instance, "%modify-instance", 2, 0, 0,
+           (SCM old, SCM new),
+           "")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_sys_modify_instance
+{
+  SCM_VALIDATE_INSTANCE (1, old);
+  SCM_VALIDATE_INSTANCE (2, new);
+
+  /* Exchange the data contained in old and new. We exchange rather than
+   * scratch the old value with new to be correct with GC.
+   * See "Class redefinition protocol above".
+   */
+  SCM_CRITICAL_SECTION_START;
+  {
+    SCM car = SCM_CAR (old);
+    SCM cdr = SCM_CDR (old);
+    SCM_SETCAR (old, SCM_CAR (new));
+    SCM_SETCDR (old, SCM_CDR (new));
+    SCM_SETCAR (new, car);
+    SCM_SETCDR (new, cdr);
+  }
+  SCM_CRITICAL_SECTION_END;
+  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_sys_modify_class, "%modify-class", 2, 0, 0,
+           (SCM old, SCM new),
+           "")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_sys_modify_class
+{
+  SCM_VALIDATE_CLASS (1, old);
+  SCM_VALIDATE_CLASS (2, new);
+
+  SCM_CRITICAL_SECTION_START;
+  {
+    SCM car = SCM_CAR (old);
+    SCM cdr = SCM_CDR (old);
+    SCM_SETCAR (old, SCM_CAR (new));
+    SCM_SETCDR (old, SCM_CDR (new));
+    SCM_STRUCT_DATA (old)[scm_vtable_index_vtable] = SCM_UNPACK (old);
+    SCM_SETCAR (new, car);
+    SCM_SETCDR (new, cdr);
+    SCM_STRUCT_DATA (new)[scm_vtable_index_vtable] = SCM_UNPACK (new);
+  }
+  SCM_CRITICAL_SECTION_END;
+  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_sys_invalidate_class, "%invalidate-class", 1, 0, 0,
+           (SCM class),
+           "")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_sys_invalidate_class
+{
+  SCM_VALIDATE_CLASS (1, class);
+  SCM_CLEAR_CLASS_FLAGS (class, SCM_CLASSF_GOOPS_VALID);
+  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+/* When instances change class, they finally get a new body, but
+ * before that, they go through purgatory in hell.  Odd as it may
+ * seem, this data structure saves us from eternal suffering in
+ * infinite recursions.
+ */
+
+static scm_t_bits **hell;
+static long n_hell = 1;                /* one place for the evil one himself */
+static long hell_size = 4;
+static SCM hell_mutex;
+
+static long
+burnin (SCM o)
+{
+  long i;
+  for (i = 1; i < n_hell; ++i)
+    if (SCM_STRUCT_DATA (o) == hell[i])
+      return i;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static void
+go_to_hell (void *o)
+{
+  SCM obj = SCM_PACK ((scm_t_bits) o);
+  scm_lock_mutex (hell_mutex);
+  if (n_hell >= hell_size)
+    {
+      hell_size *= 2;
+      hell = scm_realloc (hell, hell_size * sizeof(*hell));
+    }
+  hell[n_hell++] = SCM_STRUCT_DATA (obj);
+  scm_unlock_mutex (hell_mutex);
+}
+
+static void
+go_to_heaven (void *o)
+{
+  scm_lock_mutex (hell_mutex);
+  hell[burnin (SCM_PACK ((scm_t_bits) o))] = hell[--n_hell];
+  scm_unlock_mutex (hell_mutex);
+}
+
+
+SCM_SYMBOL (scm_sym_change_class, "change-class");
+
+static SCM
+purgatory (void *args)
+{
+  return scm_apply_0 (GETVAR (scm_sym_change_class),
+                     SCM_PACK ((scm_t_bits) args));
+}
+
+/* This function calls the generic function change-class for all
+ * instances which aren't currently undergoing class change.
+ */
+
+void
+scm_change_object_class (SCM obj, SCM old_class SCM_UNUSED, SCM new_class)
+{
+  if (!burnin (obj))
+    scm_internal_dynamic_wind (go_to_hell, purgatory, go_to_heaven,
+                              (void *) SCM_UNPACK (scm_list_2 (obj, new_class)),
+                              (void *) SCM_UNPACK (obj));
+}
+
+/******************************************************************************
+ *
+ *   GGGG                FFFFF
+ *  G                    F
+ *  G  GG                FFF
+ *  G   G                F
+ *   GGG  E N E R I C    F    U N C T I O N S
+ *
+ * This implementation provides
+ *     - generic functions (with class specializers)
+ *     - multi-methods
+ *     - next-method
+ *     - a hard-coded MOP for standard gf, which can be overloaded for non-std gf
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************/
+
+SCM_KEYWORD (k_name, "name");
+
+SCM_SYMBOL (sym_no_method, "no-method");
+
+static SCM list_of_no_method;
+
+SCM_GLOBAL_SYMBOL (scm_sym_args, "args");
+
+
+SCM
+scm_make_method_cache (SCM gf)
+{
+  return scm_list_5 (SCM_IM_DISPATCH,
+                    scm_sym_args,
+                    scm_from_int (1),
+                    scm_c_make_vector (SCM_INITIAL_MCACHE_SIZE,
+                                       list_of_no_method),
+                    gf);
+}
+
+static void
+clear_method_cache (SCM gf)
+{
+  SCM cache = scm_make_method_cache (gf);
+  SCM_SET_ENTITY_PROCEDURE (gf, cache);
+  SCM_SET_SLOT (gf, scm_si_used_by, SCM_BOOL_F);
+}
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_sys_invalidate_method_cache_x, "%invalidate-method-cache!", 1, 0, 0,
+           (SCM gf),
+           "")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_sys_invalidate_method_cache_x
+{
+  SCM used_by;
+  SCM_ASSERT (SCM_PUREGENERICP (gf), gf, SCM_ARG1, FUNC_NAME);
+  used_by = SCM_SLOT (gf, scm_si_used_by);
+  if (scm_is_true (used_by))
+    {
+      SCM methods = SCM_SLOT (gf, scm_si_methods);
+      for (; scm_is_pair (used_by); used_by = SCM_CDR (used_by))
+       scm_sys_invalidate_method_cache_x (SCM_CAR (used_by));
+      clear_method_cache (gf);
+      for (; scm_is_pair (methods); methods = SCM_CDR (methods))
+       SCM_SET_SLOT (SCM_CAR (methods), scm_si_code_table, SCM_EOL);
+    }
+  {
+    SCM n = SCM_SLOT (gf, scm_si_n_specialized);
+    /* The sign of n is a flag indicating rest args. */
+    SCM_SET_MCACHE_N_SPECIALIZED (SCM_ENTITY_PROCEDURE (gf), n);
+  }
+  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_generic_capability_p, "generic-capability?", 1, 0, 0,
+           (SCM proc),
+           "")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_generic_capability_p
+{
+  SCM_ASSERT (scm_is_true (scm_procedure_p (proc)),
+             proc, SCM_ARG1, FUNC_NAME);
+  return (scm_subr_p (proc) && SCM_SUBR_GENERIC (proc)
+         ? SCM_BOOL_T
+         : SCM_BOOL_F);
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_enable_primitive_generic_x, "enable-primitive-generic!", 0, 0, 1,
+           (SCM subrs),
+           "")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_enable_primitive_generic_x
+{
+  SCM_VALIDATE_REST_ARGUMENT (subrs);
+  while (!scm_is_null (subrs))
+    {
+      SCM subr = SCM_CAR (subrs);
+      SCM_ASSERT (scm_subr_p (subr) && SCM_SUBR_GENERIC (subr),
+                 subr, SCM_ARGn, FUNC_NAME);
+      *SCM_SUBR_GENERIC (subr)
+       = scm_make (scm_list_3 (scm_class_generic,
+                               k_name,
+                               SCM_SNAME (subr)));
+      subrs = SCM_CDR (subrs);
+    }
+  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_primitive_generic_generic, "primitive-generic-generic", 1, 0, 0,
+           (SCM subr),
+           "")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_primitive_generic_generic
+{
+  if (scm_subr_p (subr) && SCM_SUBR_GENERIC (subr))
+    {
+      if (!*SCM_SUBR_GENERIC (subr))
+       scm_enable_primitive_generic_x (scm_list_1 (subr));
+      return *SCM_SUBR_GENERIC (subr);
+    }
+  SCM_WRONG_TYPE_ARG (SCM_ARG1, subr);
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+typedef struct t_extension {
+  struct t_extension *next;
+  SCM extended;
+  SCM extension;
+} t_extension;
+
+static t_extension *extensions = 0;
+
+SCM_VARIABLE (scm_var_make_extended_generic, "make-extended-generic");
+
+void
+scm_c_extend_primitive_generic (SCM extended, SCM extension)
+{
+  if (goops_loaded_p)
+    {
+      SCM gf, gext;
+      if (!*SCM_SUBR_GENERIC (extended))
+       scm_enable_primitive_generic_x (scm_list_1 (extended));
+      gf = *SCM_SUBR_GENERIC (extended);
+      gext = scm_call_2 (SCM_VARIABLE_REF (scm_var_make_extended_generic),
+                        gf,
+                        SCM_SNAME (extension));
+      *SCM_SUBR_GENERIC (extension) = gext;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      t_extension *e = scm_malloc (sizeof (t_extension));
+      t_extension **loc = &extensions;
+      /* Make sure that extensions are placed before their own
+       * extensions in the extensions list.  O(N^2) algorithm, but
+       * extensions of primitive generics are rare.
+       */
+      while (*loc && extension != (*loc)->extended)
+       loc = &(*loc)->next;
+      e->next = *loc;
+      e->extended = extended;
+      e->extension = extension;
+      *loc = e;
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+setup_extended_primitive_generics ()
+{
+  while (extensions)
+    {
+      t_extension *e = extensions;
+      scm_c_extend_primitive_generic (e->extended, e->extension);
+      extensions = e->next;
+      free (e);
+    }
+}
+
+/******************************************************************************
+ *
+ * Protocol for calling a generic fumction
+ * This protocol is roughly equivalent to (parameter are a little bit different
+ * for efficiency reasons):
+ *
+ *     + apply-generic (gf args)
+ *             + compute-applicable-methods (gf args ...)
+ *                     + sort-applicable-methods (methods args)
+ *             + apply-methods (gf methods args)
+ *
+ * apply-methods calls make-next-method to build the "continuation" of a a
+ * method.  Applying a next-method will call apply-next-method which in
+ * turn will call  apply again to call effectively the following method.
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************/
+
+static int
+applicablep (SCM actual, SCM formal)
+{
+  /* We already know that the cpl is well formed. */
+  return scm_is_true (scm_c_memq (formal, SCM_SLOT (actual, scm_si_cpl)));
+}
+
+static int
+more_specificp (SCM m1, SCM m2, SCM const *targs)
+{
+  register SCM s1, s2;
+  register long i;
+  /*
+   * Note:
+   *   m1 and m2 can have != length (i.e. one can be one element longer than the
+   * other when we have a dotted parameter list). For instance, with the call
+   *   (M 1)
+   * with
+   *   (define-method M (a . l) ....)
+   *   (define-method M (a) ....)
+   *
+   * we consider that the second method is more specific.
+   *
+   * BTW, targs is an array of types. We don't need it's size since
+   * we already know that m1 and m2 are applicable (no risk to go past
+   * the end of this array).
+   *
+   */
+  for (i=0, s1=SPEC_OF(m1), s2=SPEC_OF(m2); ; i++, s1=SCM_CDR(s1), s2=SCM_CDR(s2)) {
+    if (scm_is_null(s1)) return 1;
+    if (scm_is_null(s2)) return 0;
+    if (SCM_CAR(s1) != SCM_CAR(s2)) {
+      register SCM l, cs1 = SCM_CAR(s1), cs2 = SCM_CAR(s2);
+
+      for (l = SCM_SLOT (targs[i], scm_si_cpl);   ; l = SCM_CDR(l)) {
+       if (cs1 == SCM_CAR(l))
+         return 1;
+       if (cs2 == SCM_CAR(l))
+         return 0;
+      }
+      return 0;/* should not occur! */
+    }
+  }
+  return 0; /* should not occur! */
+}
+
+#define BUFFSIZE 32            /* big enough for most uses */
+
+static SCM
+scm_i_vector2list (SCM l, long len)
+{
+  long j;
+  SCM z = scm_c_make_vector (len, SCM_UNDEFINED);
+
+  for (j = 0; j < len; j++, l = SCM_CDR (l)) {
+    SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_SET (z, j, SCM_CAR (l));
+  }
+  return z;
+}
+
+static SCM
+sort_applicable_methods (SCM method_list, long size, SCM const *targs)
+{
+  long i, j, incr;
+  SCM *v, vector = SCM_EOL;
+  SCM buffer[BUFFSIZE];
+  SCM save = method_list;
+  scm_t_array_handle handle;
+
+  /* For reasonably sized method_lists we can try to avoid all the
+   * consing and reorder the list in place...
+   * This idea is due to David McClain <Dave_McClain@msn.com>
+   */
+  if (size <= BUFFSIZE)
+    {
+      for (i = 0;  i < size; i++)
+       {
+         buffer[i]   = SCM_CAR (method_list);
+         method_list = SCM_CDR (method_list);
+       }
+      v = buffer;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      /* Too many elements in method_list to keep everything locally */
+      vector = scm_i_vector2list (save, size);
+      v = scm_vector_writable_elements (vector, &handle, NULL, NULL);
+    }
+
+  /* Use a simple shell sort since it is generally faster than qsort on
+   * small vectors (which is probably mostly the case when we have to
+   * sort a list of applicable methods).
+   */
+  for (incr = size / 2; incr; incr /= 2)
+    {
+      for (i = incr; i < size; i++)
+       {
+         for (j = i - incr; j >= 0; j -= incr)
+           {
+             if (more_specificp (v[j], v[j+incr], targs))
+               break;
+             else
+               {
+                 SCM tmp = v[j + incr];
+                 v[j + incr] = v[j];
+                 v[j] = tmp;
+               }
+           }
+       }
+    }
+
+  if (size <= BUFFSIZE)
+    {
+      /* We did it in locally, so restore the original list (reordered) in-place */
+      for (i = 0, method_list = save; i < size; i++, v++)
+       {
+         SCM_SETCAR (method_list, *v);
+         method_list = SCM_CDR (method_list);
+       }
+      return save;
+    }
+
+  /* If we are here, that's that we did it the hard way... */
+  scm_array_handle_release (&handle);
+  return scm_vector_to_list (vector);
+}
+
+SCM
+scm_compute_applicable_methods (SCM gf, SCM args, long len, int find_method_p)
+{
+  register long i;
+  long count = 0;
+  SCM l, fl, applicable = SCM_EOL;
+  SCM save = args;
+  SCM buffer[BUFFSIZE];
+  SCM const *types;
+  SCM *p;
+  SCM tmp = SCM_EOL;
+  scm_t_array_handle handle;
+
+  /* Build the list of arguments types */
+  if (len >= BUFFSIZE) 
+    {
+      tmp = scm_c_make_vector (len, SCM_UNDEFINED);
+      types = p = scm_vector_writable_elements (tmp, &handle, NULL, NULL);
+
+    /*
+      note that we don't have to work to reset the generation
+      count. TMP is a new vector anyway, and it is found
+      conservatively.
+    */
+    }
+  else
+    types = p = buffer;
+
+  for (  ; !scm_is_null (args); args = SCM_CDR (args))
+    *p++ = scm_class_of (SCM_CAR (args));
+  
+  /* Build a list of all applicable methods */
+  for (l = scm_generic_function_methods (gf); !scm_is_null (l); l = SCM_CDR (l))
+    {
+      fl = SPEC_OF (SCM_CAR (l));
+      /* Only accept accessors which match exactly in first arg. */
+      if (SCM_ACCESSORP (SCM_CAR (l))
+         && (scm_is_null (fl) || types[0] != SCM_CAR (fl)))
+       continue;
+      for (i = 0; ; i++, fl = SCM_CDR (fl))
+       {
+         if (SCM_INSTANCEP (fl)
+             /* We have a dotted argument list */
+             || (i >= len && scm_is_null (fl)))
+           {   /* both list exhausted */
+             applicable = scm_cons (SCM_CAR (l), applicable);
+             count     += 1;
+             break;
+           }
+         if (i >= len
+             || scm_is_null (fl)
+             || !applicablep (types[i], SCM_CAR (fl)))
+           break;
+       }
+    }
+
+  if (len >= BUFFSIZE)
+      scm_array_handle_release (&handle);
+
+  if (count == 0)
+    {
+      if (find_method_p)
+       return SCM_BOOL_F;
+      CALL_GF2 ("no-applicable-method", gf, save);
+      /* if we are here, it's because no-applicable-method hasn't signaled an error */
+      return SCM_BOOL_F;
+    }
+
+  return (count == 1
+         ? applicable
+         : sort_applicable_methods (applicable, count, types));
+}
+
+#if 0
+SCM_PROC (s_sys_compute_applicable_methods, "%compute-applicable-methods", 2, 0, 0, scm_sys_compute_applicable_methods);
+#endif
+
+static const char s_sys_compute_applicable_methods[] = "%compute-applicable-methods";
+
+SCM
+scm_sys_compute_applicable_methods (SCM gf, SCM args)
+#define FUNC_NAME s_sys_compute_applicable_methods
+{
+  long n;
+  SCM_VALIDATE_GENERIC (1, gf);
+  n = scm_ilength (args);
+  SCM_ASSERT (n >= 0, args, SCM_ARG2, FUNC_NAME);
+  return scm_compute_applicable_methods (gf, args, n, 1);
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+SCM_SYMBOL (sym_compute_applicable_methods, "compute-applicable-methods");
+SCM_VARIABLE_INIT (var_compute_applicable_methods, "compute-applicable-methods", scm_c_define_gsubr (s_sys_compute_applicable_methods, 2, 0, 0, scm_sys_compute_applicable_methods));
+
+static void
+lock_cache_mutex (void *m)
+{
+  SCM mutex = SCM_PACK ((scm_t_bits) m);
+  scm_lock_mutex (mutex);
+}
+
+static void
+unlock_cache_mutex (void *m)
+{
+  SCM mutex = SCM_PACK ((scm_t_bits) m);
+  scm_unlock_mutex (mutex);
+}
+
+static SCM
+call_memoize_method (void *a)
+{
+  SCM args = SCM_PACK ((scm_t_bits) a);
+  SCM gf = SCM_CAR (args);
+  SCM x = SCM_CADR (args);
+  /* First check if another thread has inserted a method between
+   * the cache miss and locking the mutex.
+   */
+  SCM cmethod = scm_mcache_lookup_cmethod (x, SCM_CDDR (args));
+  if (scm_is_true (cmethod))
+    return cmethod;
+  /*fixme* Use scm_apply */
+  return CALL_GF3 ("memoize-method!", gf, SCM_CDDR (args), x);
+}
+
+SCM
+scm_memoize_method (SCM x, SCM args)
+{
+  SCM gf = SCM_CAR (scm_last_pair (x));
+  return scm_internal_dynamic_wind (
+    lock_cache_mutex,
+    call_memoize_method,
+    unlock_cache_mutex,
+    (void *) SCM_UNPACK (scm_cons2 (gf, x, args)),
+    (void *) SCM_UNPACK (SCM_SLOT (gf, scm_si_cache_mutex)));
+}
+
+/******************************************************************************
+ *
+ * A simple make (which will be redefined later in Scheme)
+ * This version handles only creation of gf, methods and classes (no instances)
+ *
+ * Since this code will disappear when Goops will be fully booted,
+ * no precaution is taken to be efficient.
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************/
+
+SCM_KEYWORD (k_setter,         "setter");
+SCM_KEYWORD (k_specializers,   "specializers");
+SCM_KEYWORD (k_procedure,      "procedure");
+SCM_KEYWORD (k_dsupers,                "dsupers");
+SCM_KEYWORD (k_slots,          "slots");
+SCM_KEYWORD (k_gf,             "generic-function");
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_make, "make",  0, 0, 1,
+           (SCM args),
+           "Make a new object.  @var{args} must contain the class and\n"
+           "all necessary initialization information.")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_make
+{
+  SCM class, z;
+  long len = scm_ilength (args);
+
+  if (len <= 0 || (len & 1) == 0)
+    SCM_WRONG_NUM_ARGS ();
+
+  class = SCM_CAR(args);
+  args  = SCM_CDR(args);
+
+  if (class == scm_class_generic || class == scm_class_accessor)
+    {
+      z = scm_make_struct (class, SCM_INUM0,
+                          scm_list_5 (SCM_EOL,
+                                      SCM_INUM0,
+                                      SCM_BOOL_F,
+                                      scm_make_mutex (),
+                                      SCM_EOL));
+      scm_set_procedure_property_x (z, scm_sym_name,
+                                   scm_get_keyword (k_name,
+                                                    args,
+                                                    SCM_BOOL_F));
+      clear_method_cache (z);
+      if (class == scm_class_accessor)
+       {
+         SCM setter = scm_get_keyword (k_setter, args, SCM_BOOL_F);
+         if (scm_is_true (setter))
+           scm_sys_set_object_setter_x (z, setter);
+       }
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      z = scm_sys_allocate_instance (class, args);
+
+      if (class == scm_class_method
+         || class == scm_class_simple_method
+         || class == scm_class_accessor_method)
+       {
+         SCM_SET_SLOT (z, scm_si_generic_function,
+           scm_i_get_keyword (k_gf,
+                              args,
+                              len - 1,
+                              SCM_BOOL_F,
+                              FUNC_NAME));
+         SCM_SET_SLOT (z, scm_si_specializers,
+           scm_i_get_keyword (k_specializers,
+                              args,
+                              len - 1,
+                              SCM_EOL,
+                              FUNC_NAME));
+         SCM_SET_SLOT (z, scm_si_procedure,
+           scm_i_get_keyword (k_procedure,
+                              args,
+                              len - 1,
+                              SCM_EOL,
+                              FUNC_NAME));
+         SCM_SET_SLOT (z, scm_si_code_table, SCM_EOL);
+       }
+      else
+       {
+         /* In all the others case, make a new class .... No instance here */
+         SCM_SET_SLOT (z, scm_si_name,
+           scm_i_get_keyword (k_name,
+                              args,
+                              len - 1,
+                              scm_from_locale_symbol ("???"),
+                              FUNC_NAME));
+         SCM_SET_SLOT (z, scm_si_direct_supers,
+           scm_i_get_keyword (k_dsupers,
+                              args,
+                              len - 1,
+                              SCM_EOL,
+                              FUNC_NAME));
+         SCM_SET_SLOT (z, scm_si_direct_slots,
+           scm_i_get_keyword (k_slots,
+                              args,
+                              len - 1,
+                              SCM_EOL,
+                              FUNC_NAME));
+       }
+    }
+  return z;
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_find_method, "find-method", 0, 0, 1,
+           (SCM l),
+           "")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_find_method
+{
+  SCM gf;
+  long len = scm_ilength (l);
+
+  if (len == 0)
+    SCM_WRONG_NUM_ARGS ();
+
+  gf = SCM_CAR(l); l = SCM_CDR(l);
+  SCM_VALIDATE_GENERIC (1, gf);
+  if (scm_is_null (SCM_SLOT (gf, scm_si_methods)))
+    SCM_MISC_ERROR ("no methods for generic ~S", scm_list_1 (gf));
+
+  return scm_compute_applicable_methods (gf, l, len - 1, 1);
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_sys_method_more_specific_p, "%method-more-specific?", 3, 0, 0,
+           (SCM m1, SCM m2, SCM targs),
+           "Return true if method @var{m1} is more specific than @var{m2} "
+           "given the argument types (classes) listed in @var{targs}.")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_sys_method_more_specific_p
+{
+  SCM l, v, result;
+  SCM *v_elts;
+  long i, len, m1_specs, m2_specs;
+  scm_t_array_handle handle;
+
+  SCM_VALIDATE_METHOD (1, m1);
+  SCM_VALIDATE_METHOD (2, m2);
+
+  len = scm_ilength (targs);
+  m1_specs = scm_ilength (SPEC_OF (m1));
+  m2_specs = scm_ilength (SPEC_OF (m2));
+  SCM_ASSERT ((len >= m1_specs) || (len >= m2_specs),
+             targs, SCM_ARG3, FUNC_NAME);
+
+  /* Verify that all the arguments of TARGS are classes and place them
+     in a vector.  */
+
+  v = scm_c_make_vector (len, SCM_EOL);
+  v_elts = scm_vector_writable_elements (v, &handle, NULL, NULL);
+
+  for (i = 0, l = targs;
+       i < len && scm_is_pair (l);
+       i++, l = SCM_CDR (l))
+    {
+      SCM_ASSERT (SCM_CLASSP (SCM_CAR (l)), targs, SCM_ARG3, FUNC_NAME);
+      v_elts[i] = SCM_CAR (l);
+    }
+  result = more_specificp (m1, m2, v_elts) ? SCM_BOOL_T: SCM_BOOL_F;
+
+  scm_array_handle_release (&handle);
+
+  return result;
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+
+
+/******************************************************************************
+ *
+ * Initializations
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************/
+
+static void
+fix_cpl (SCM c, SCM before, SCM after)
+{
+  SCM cpl = SCM_SLOT (c, scm_si_cpl);
+  SCM ls = scm_c_memq (after, cpl);
+  SCM tail = scm_delq1_x (before, SCM_CDR (ls));
+  if (scm_is_false (ls))
+    /* if this condition occurs, fix_cpl should not be applied this way */
+    abort ();
+  SCM_SETCAR (ls, before);
+  SCM_SETCDR (ls, scm_cons (after, tail));
+  {
+    SCM dslots = SCM_SLOT (c, scm_si_direct_slots);
+    SCM slots = build_slots_list (maplist (dslots), cpl);
+    SCM g_n_s = compute_getters_n_setters (slots);
+    SCM_SET_SLOT (c, scm_si_slots, slots);
+    SCM_SET_SLOT (c, scm_si_getters_n_setters, g_n_s);
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void
+make_stdcls (SCM *var, char *name, SCM meta, SCM super, SCM slots)
+{
+   SCM tmp = scm_from_locale_symbol (name);
+
+   *var = scm_permanent_object (scm_basic_make_class (meta,
+                                                     tmp,
+                                                     scm_is_pair (super)
+                                                     ? super
+                                                     : scm_list_1 (super),
+                                                     slots));
+   DEFVAR(tmp, *var);
+}
+
+
+SCM_KEYWORD (k_slot_definition, "slot-definition");
+
+static void
+create_standard_classes (void)
+{
+  SCM slots;
+  SCM method_slots = scm_list_4 (scm_from_locale_symbol ("generic-function"),
+                                scm_from_locale_symbol ("specializers"),
+                                sym_procedure,
+                                scm_from_locale_symbol ("code-table"));
+  SCM amethod_slots = scm_list_1 (scm_list_3 (scm_from_locale_symbol ("slot-definition"),
+                                             k_init_keyword,
+                                             k_slot_definition));
+  SCM mutex_slot = scm_list_1 (scm_from_locale_symbol ("make-mutex"));
+  SCM mutex_closure = scm_i_eval_x (scm_list_3 (scm_sym_lambda,
+                                                SCM_EOL,
+                                                mutex_slot),
+                                    SCM_EOL);
+  SCM gf_slots = scm_list_5 (scm_from_locale_symbol ("methods"),
+                            scm_list_3 (scm_from_locale_symbol ("n-specialized"),
+                                        k_init_value,
+                                        SCM_INUM0),
+                            scm_list_3 (scm_from_locale_symbol ("used-by"),
+                                        k_init_value,
+                                        SCM_BOOL_F),
+                            scm_list_3 (scm_from_locale_symbol ("cache-mutex"),
+                                        k_init_thunk,
+                                         mutex_closure),
+                            scm_list_3 (scm_from_locale_symbol ("extended-by"),
+                                        k_init_value,
+                                        SCM_EOL));
+  SCM egf_slots = scm_list_1 (scm_list_3 (scm_from_locale_symbol ("extends"),
+                                         k_init_value,
+                                         SCM_EOL));
+  /* Foreign class slot classes */
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_foreign_slot,           "<foreign-slot>",
+              scm_class_class, scm_class_top,             SCM_EOL);
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_protected,      "<protected-slot>",
+              scm_class_class, scm_class_foreign_slot,    SCM_EOL);
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_opaque,         "<opaque-slot>",
+              scm_class_class, scm_class_foreign_slot,    SCM_EOL);
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_read_only,      "<read-only-slot>",
+              scm_class_class, scm_class_foreign_slot,    SCM_EOL);
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_self,                   "<self-slot>",
+              scm_class_class,
+              scm_class_read_only,
+              SCM_EOL);
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_protected_opaque, "<protected-opaque-slot>",
+              scm_class_class,
+              scm_list_2 (scm_class_protected, scm_class_opaque),
+              SCM_EOL);
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_protected_read_only, "<protected-read-only-slot>",
+              scm_class_class,
+              scm_list_2 (scm_class_protected, scm_class_read_only),
+              SCM_EOL);
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_scm,            "<scm-slot>",
+              scm_class_class, scm_class_protected, SCM_EOL);
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_int,            "<int-slot>",
+              scm_class_class, scm_class_foreign_slot,    SCM_EOL);
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_float,          "<float-slot>",
+              scm_class_class, scm_class_foreign_slot,    SCM_EOL);
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_double,         "<double-slot>",
+              scm_class_class, scm_class_foreign_slot,    SCM_EOL);
+
+  /* Continue initialization of class <class> */
+
+  slots = build_class_class_slots ();
+  SCM_SET_SLOT (scm_class_class, scm_si_direct_slots, slots);
+  SCM_SET_SLOT (scm_class_class, scm_si_slots, slots);
+  SCM_SET_SLOT (scm_class_class, scm_si_getters_n_setters,
+               compute_getters_n_setters (slots));
+
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_foreign_class, "<foreign-class>",
+              scm_class_class, scm_class_class,
+              scm_list_2 (scm_list_3 (scm_from_locale_symbol ("constructor"),
+                                      k_class,
+                                      scm_class_opaque),
+                          scm_list_3 (scm_from_locale_symbol ("destructor"),
+                                      k_class,
+                                      scm_class_opaque)));
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_foreign_object,  "<foreign-object>",
+              scm_class_foreign_class, scm_class_object,   SCM_EOL);
+  SCM_SET_CLASS_FLAGS (scm_class_foreign_object, SCM_CLASSF_FOREIGN);
+
+  /* scm_class_generic functions classes */
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_procedure_class, "<procedure-class>",
+              scm_class_class, scm_class_class, SCM_EOL);
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_entity_class,    "<entity-class>",
+              scm_class_class, scm_class_procedure_class, SCM_EOL);
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_operator_class,  "<operator-class>",
+              scm_class_class, scm_class_procedure_class, SCM_EOL);
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_operator_with_setter_class,
+              "<operator-with-setter-class>",
+              scm_class_class, scm_class_operator_class, SCM_EOL);
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_method,         "<method>",
+              scm_class_class, scm_class_object,          method_slots);
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_simple_method,   "<simple-method>",
+              scm_class_class, scm_class_method,          SCM_EOL);
+  SCM_SET_CLASS_FLAGS (scm_class_simple_method, SCM_CLASSF_SIMPLE_METHOD);
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_accessor_method, "<accessor-method>",
+              scm_class_class, scm_class_simple_method,   amethod_slots);
+  SCM_SET_CLASS_FLAGS (scm_class_accessor_method, SCM_CLASSF_ACCESSOR_METHOD);
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_applicable,     "<applicable>",
+              scm_class_class, scm_class_top, SCM_EOL);
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_entity,         "<entity>",
+              scm_class_entity_class,
+              scm_list_2 (scm_class_object, scm_class_applicable),
+              SCM_EOL);
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_entity_with_setter, "<entity-with-setter>",
+              scm_class_entity_class, scm_class_entity,   SCM_EOL);
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_generic,        "<generic>",
+              scm_class_entity_class, scm_class_entity,   gf_slots);
+  SCM_SET_CLASS_FLAGS (scm_class_generic, SCM_CLASSF_PURE_GENERIC);
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_extended_generic, "<extended-generic>",
+              scm_class_entity_class, scm_class_generic, egf_slots);
+  SCM_SET_CLASS_FLAGS (scm_class_extended_generic, SCM_CLASSF_PURE_GENERIC);
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_generic_with_setter, "<generic-with-setter>",
+              scm_class_entity_class,
+              scm_list_2 (scm_class_generic, scm_class_entity_with_setter),
+              SCM_EOL);
+  SCM_SET_CLASS_FLAGS (scm_class_generic_with_setter, SCM_CLASSF_PURE_GENERIC);
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_accessor,       "<accessor>",
+              scm_class_entity_class, scm_class_generic_with_setter, SCM_EOL);
+  SCM_SET_CLASS_FLAGS (scm_class_accessor, SCM_CLASSF_PURE_GENERIC);
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_extended_generic_with_setter,
+              "<extended-generic-with-setter>",
+              scm_class_entity_class,
+              scm_list_2 (scm_class_generic_with_setter,
+                          scm_class_extended_generic),
+              SCM_EOL);
+  SCM_SET_CLASS_FLAGS (scm_class_extended_generic_with_setter,
+                      SCM_CLASSF_PURE_GENERIC);
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_extended_accessor, "<extended-accessor>",
+              scm_class_entity_class,
+              scm_list_2 (scm_class_accessor,
+                          scm_class_extended_generic_with_setter),
+              SCM_EOL);
+  fix_cpl (scm_class_extended_accessor,
+          scm_class_extended_generic, scm_class_generic);
+  SCM_SET_CLASS_FLAGS (scm_class_extended_accessor, SCM_CLASSF_PURE_GENERIC);
+
+  /* Primitive types classes */
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_boolean,        "<boolean>",
+              scm_class_class, scm_class_top,             SCM_EOL);
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_char,                   "<char>",
+              scm_class_class, scm_class_top,             SCM_EOL);
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_list,                   "<list>",
+              scm_class_class, scm_class_top,             SCM_EOL);
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_pair,                   "<pair>",
+              scm_class_class, scm_class_list,            SCM_EOL);
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_null,                   "<null>",
+              scm_class_class, scm_class_list,            SCM_EOL);
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_string,         "<string>",
+              scm_class_class, scm_class_top,             SCM_EOL);
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_symbol,         "<symbol>",
+              scm_class_class, scm_class_top,             SCM_EOL);
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_vector,         "<vector>",
+              scm_class_class, scm_class_top,             SCM_EOL);
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_number,         "<number>",
+              scm_class_class, scm_class_top,             SCM_EOL);
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_complex,        "<complex>",
+              scm_class_class, scm_class_number,          SCM_EOL);
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_real,                   "<real>",
+              scm_class_class, scm_class_complex,         SCM_EOL);
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_integer,        "<integer>",
+              scm_class_class, scm_class_real,            SCM_EOL);
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_fraction,       "<fraction>",
+              scm_class_class, scm_class_real,            SCM_EOL);
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_keyword,        "<keyword>",
+              scm_class_class, scm_class_top,             SCM_EOL);
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_unknown,        "<unknown>",
+              scm_class_class, scm_class_top,             SCM_EOL);
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_procedure,      "<procedure>",
+              scm_class_procedure_class, scm_class_applicable, SCM_EOL);
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_procedure_with_setter, "<procedure-with-setter>",
+              scm_class_procedure_class, scm_class_procedure, SCM_EOL);
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_primitive_generic, "<primitive-generic>",
+              scm_class_procedure_class, scm_class_procedure, SCM_EOL);
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_port,                   "<port>",
+              scm_class_class, scm_class_top,             SCM_EOL);
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_input_port,     "<input-port>",
+              scm_class_class, scm_class_port,            SCM_EOL);
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_output_port,    "<output-port>",
+              scm_class_class, scm_class_port,            SCM_EOL);
+  make_stdcls (&scm_class_input_output_port, "<input-output-port>",
+              scm_class_class,
+              scm_list_2 (scm_class_input_port, scm_class_output_port),
+              SCM_EOL);
+}
+
+/**********************************************************************
+ *
+ * Smob classes
+ *
+ **********************************************************************/
+
+static SCM
+make_class_from_template (char const *template, char const *type_name, SCM supers, int applicablep)
+{
+  SCM class, name;
+  if (type_name)
+    {
+      char buffer[100];
+      sprintf (buffer, template, type_name);
+      name = scm_from_locale_symbol (buffer);
+    }
+  else
+    name = SCM_GOOPS_UNBOUND;
+
+  class = scm_permanent_object (scm_basic_make_class (applicablep
+                                                     ? scm_class_procedure_class
+                                                     : scm_class_class,
+                                                     name,
+                                                     supers,
+                                                     SCM_EOL));
+
+  /* Only define name if doesn't already exist. */
+  if (!SCM_GOOPS_UNBOUNDP (name)
+      && scm_is_false (scm_call_2 (scm_goops_lookup_closure, name, SCM_BOOL_F)))
+    DEFVAR (name, class);
+  return class;
+}
+
+SCM
+scm_make_extended_class (char const *type_name, int applicablep)
+{
+  return make_class_from_template ("<%s>",
+                                  type_name,
+                                  scm_list_1 (applicablep
+                                              ? scm_class_applicable
+                                              : scm_class_top),
+                                  applicablep);
+}
+
+void
+scm_i_inherit_applicable (SCM c)
+{
+  if (!SCM_SUBCLASSP (c, scm_class_applicable))
+    {
+      SCM dsupers = SCM_SLOT (c, scm_si_direct_supers);
+      SCM cpl = SCM_SLOT (c, scm_si_cpl);
+      /* patch scm_class_applicable into direct-supers */
+      SCM top = scm_c_memq (scm_class_top, dsupers);
+      if (scm_is_false (top))
+       dsupers = scm_append (scm_list_2 (dsupers,
+                                         scm_list_1 (scm_class_applicable)));
+      else
+       {
+         SCM_SETCAR (top, scm_class_applicable);
+         SCM_SETCDR (top, scm_cons (scm_class_top, SCM_CDR (top)));
+       }
+      SCM_SET_SLOT (c, scm_si_direct_supers, dsupers);
+      /* patch scm_class_applicable into cpl */
+      top = scm_c_memq (scm_class_top, cpl);
+      if (scm_is_false (top))
+       abort ();
+      else
+       {
+         SCM_SETCAR (top, scm_class_applicable);
+         SCM_SETCDR (top, scm_cons (scm_class_top, SCM_CDR (top)));
+       }
+      /* add class to direct-subclasses of scm_class_applicable */
+      SCM_SET_SLOT (scm_class_applicable,
+                   scm_si_direct_subclasses,
+                   scm_cons (c, SCM_SLOT (scm_class_applicable,
+                                          scm_si_direct_subclasses)));
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+create_smob_classes (void)
+{
+  long i;
+
+  scm_smob_class = (SCM *) scm_malloc (255 * sizeof (SCM));
+  for (i = 0; i < 255; ++i)
+    scm_smob_class[i] = 0;
+
+  scm_smob_class[SCM_TC2SMOBNUM (scm_tc16_keyword)] = scm_class_keyword;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < scm_numsmob; ++i)
+    if (!scm_smob_class[i])
+      scm_smob_class[i] = scm_make_extended_class (SCM_SMOBNAME (i),
+                                                  scm_smobs[i].apply != 0);
+}
+
+void
+scm_make_port_classes (long ptobnum, char *type_name)
+{
+  SCM c, class = make_class_from_template ("<%s-port>",
+                                          type_name,
+                                          scm_list_1 (scm_class_port),
+                                          0);
+  scm_port_class[SCM_IN_PCLASS_INDEX + ptobnum]
+    = make_class_from_template ("<%s-input-port>",
+                               type_name,
+                               scm_list_2 (class, scm_class_input_port),
+                               0);
+  scm_port_class[SCM_OUT_PCLASS_INDEX + ptobnum]
+    = make_class_from_template ("<%s-output-port>",
+                               type_name,
+                               scm_list_2 (class, scm_class_output_port),
+                               0);
+  scm_port_class[SCM_INOUT_PCLASS_INDEX + ptobnum]
+    = c
+    = make_class_from_template ("<%s-input-output-port>",
+                               type_name,
+                               scm_list_2 (class, scm_class_input_output_port),
+                               0);
+  /* Patch cpl (since this tree is too complex for the C level compute-cpl) */
+  SCM_SET_SLOT (c, scm_si_cpl,
+               scm_cons2 (c, class, SCM_SLOT (scm_class_input_output_port, scm_si_cpl)));
+}
+
+static void
+create_port_classes (void)
+{
+  long i;
+
+  scm_port_class = (SCM *) scm_malloc (3 * 256 * sizeof (SCM));
+  for (i = 0; i < 3 * 256; ++i)
+    scm_port_class[i] = 0;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < scm_numptob; ++i)
+    scm_make_port_classes (i, SCM_PTOBNAME (i));
+}
+
+static SCM
+make_struct_class (void *closure SCM_UNUSED,
+                  SCM vtable, SCM data, SCM prev SCM_UNUSED)
+{
+  if (scm_is_true (SCM_STRUCT_TABLE_NAME (data)))
+    SCM_SET_STRUCT_TABLE_CLASS (data,
+                               scm_make_extended_class
+                               (scm_i_symbol_chars (SCM_STRUCT_TABLE_NAME (data)),
+                                SCM_CLASS_FLAGS (vtable) & SCM_CLASSF_OPERATOR));
+  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
+}
+
+static void
+create_struct_classes (void)
+{
+  scm_internal_hash_fold (make_struct_class, 0, SCM_BOOL_F, scm_struct_table);
+}
+
+/**********************************************************************
+ *
+ * C interface
+ *
+ **********************************************************************/
+
+void
+scm_load_goops ()
+{
+  if (!goops_loaded_p)
+    scm_c_resolve_module ("oop goops");
+}
+
+
+SCM
+scm_make_foreign_object (SCM class, SCM initargs)
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_make
+{
+  void * (*constructor) (SCM)
+    = (void * (*) (SCM)) SCM_SLOT (class, scm_si_constructor);
+  if (constructor == 0)
+    SCM_MISC_ERROR ("Can't make instances of class ~S", scm_list_1 (class));
+  return scm_wrap_object (class, constructor (initargs));
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+
+static size_t
+scm_free_foreign_object (SCM *class, SCM *data)
+{
+  size_t (*destructor) (void *)
+    = (size_t (*) (void *)) class[scm_si_destructor];
+  return destructor (data);
+}
+
+SCM
+scm_make_class (SCM meta, char *s_name, SCM supers, size_t size,
+               void * (*constructor) (SCM initargs),
+               size_t (*destructor) (void *))
+{
+  SCM name, class;
+  name = scm_from_locale_symbol (s_name);
+  if (scm_is_null (supers))
+    supers = scm_list_1 (scm_class_foreign_object);
+  class = scm_basic_basic_make_class (meta, name, supers, SCM_EOL);
+  scm_sys_inherit_magic_x (class, supers);
+
+  if (destructor != 0)
+    {
+      SCM_SET_SLOT (class, scm_si_destructor, (SCM) destructor);
+      SCM_SET_CLASS_DESTRUCTOR (class, scm_free_foreign_object);
+    }
+  else if (size > 0)
+    {
+      SCM_SET_CLASS_DESTRUCTOR (class, scm_struct_free_light);
+      SCM_SET_CLASS_INSTANCE_SIZE (class, size);
+    }
+
+  SCM_SET_SLOT (class, scm_si_layout, scm_from_locale_symbol (""));
+  SCM_SET_SLOT (class, scm_si_constructor, (SCM) constructor);
+
+  return class;
+}
+
+SCM_SYMBOL (sym_o, "o");
+SCM_SYMBOL (sym_x, "x");
+
+SCM_KEYWORD (k_accessor, "accessor");
+SCM_KEYWORD (k_getter, "getter");
+
+static SCM
+default_setter (SCM obj SCM_UNUSED, SCM c SCM_UNUSED)
+{
+  scm_misc_error ("slot-set!", "read-only slot", SCM_EOL);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void
+scm_add_slot (SCM class, char *slot_name, SCM slot_class,
+             SCM (*getter) (SCM obj),
+             SCM (*setter) (SCM obj, SCM x),
+             char *accessor_name)
+{
+  {
+    SCM get = scm_c_make_subr ("goops:get", scm_tc7_subr_1, getter);
+    SCM set = scm_c_make_subr ("goops:set", scm_tc7_subr_2,
+                              setter ? setter : default_setter);
+
+    /* Dirk:FIXME:: The following two expressions make use of the fact that
+     * the memoizer will accept a subr-object in the place of a function.
+     * This is not guaranteed to stay this way.  */
+    SCM getm = scm_i_eval_x (scm_list_3 (scm_sym_lambda,
+                                         scm_list_1 (sym_o),
+                                         scm_list_2 (get, sym_o)),
+                             SCM_EOL);
+    SCM setm = scm_i_eval_x (scm_list_3 (scm_sym_lambda,
+                                         scm_list_2 (sym_o, sym_x),
+                                         scm_list_3 (set, sym_o, sym_x)),
+                             SCM_EOL);
+
+    {
+      SCM name = scm_from_locale_symbol (slot_name);
+      SCM aname = scm_from_locale_symbol (accessor_name);
+      SCM gf = scm_ensure_accessor (aname);
+      SCM slot = scm_list_5 (name,
+                            k_class,
+                            slot_class,
+                            setter ? k_accessor : k_getter,
+                            gf);
+      scm_add_method (gf, scm_make (scm_list_5 (scm_class_accessor_method,
+                                               k_specializers,
+                                               scm_list_1 (class),
+                                               k_procedure,
+                                               getm)));
+      scm_add_method (scm_setter (gf),
+                     scm_make (scm_list_5 (scm_class_accessor_method,
+                                           k_specializers,
+                                           scm_list_2 (class, scm_class_top),
+                                           k_procedure,
+                                           setm)));
+      DEFVAR (aname, gf);
+
+      SCM_SET_SLOT (class, scm_si_slots,
+                   scm_append_x (scm_list_2 (SCM_SLOT (class, scm_si_slots),
+                                             scm_list_1 (slot))));
+      {
+       SCM n = SCM_SLOT (class, scm_si_nfields);
+       SCM gns = scm_list_n (name, SCM_BOOL_F, get, set, n, scm_from_int (1),
+                             SCM_UNDEFINED);
+       SCM_SET_SLOT (class, scm_si_getters_n_setters,
+                     scm_append_x (scm_list_2 (SCM_SLOT (class, scm_si_getters_n_setters),
+                                               scm_list_1 (gns))));
+       SCM_SET_SLOT (class, scm_si_nfields, scm_sum (n, scm_from_int (1)));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+SCM
+scm_wrap_object (SCM class, void *data)
+{
+  return scm_double_cell (SCM_UNPACK (SCM_CDR (class)) | scm_tc3_struct,
+                         (scm_t_bits) data,
+                         0, 0);
+}
+
+SCM scm_components;
+
+SCM
+scm_wrap_component (SCM class, SCM container, void *data)
+{
+  SCM obj = scm_wrap_object (class, data);
+  SCM handle = scm_hash_fn_create_handle_x (scm_components,
+                                           obj,
+                                           SCM_BOOL_F,
+                                           scm_struct_ihashq,
+                                           scm_sloppy_assq,
+                                           0);
+  SCM_SETCDR (handle, container);
+  return obj;
+}
+
+SCM
+scm_ensure_accessor (SCM name)
+{
+  SCM gf = scm_call_2 (SCM_TOP_LEVEL_LOOKUP_CLOSURE, name, SCM_BOOL_F);
+  if (!SCM_IS_A_P (gf, scm_class_accessor))
+    {
+      gf = scm_make (scm_list_3 (scm_class_generic, k_name, name));
+      gf = scm_make (scm_list_5 (scm_class_accessor,
+                                k_name, name, k_setter, gf));
+    }
+  return gf;
+}
+
+SCM_SYMBOL (sym_internal_add_method_x, "internal-add-method!");
+
+void
+scm_add_method (SCM gf, SCM m)
+{
+  scm_eval (scm_list_3 (sym_internal_add_method_x, gf, m), scm_module_goops);
+}
+
+#ifdef GUILE_DEBUG
+/*
+ * Debugging utilities
+ */
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_pure_generic_p, "pure-generic?", 1, 0, 0,
+           (SCM obj),
+           "Return @code{#t} if @var{obj} is a pure generic.")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_pure_generic_p
+{
+  return scm_from_bool (SCM_PUREGENERICP (obj));
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+#endif /* GUILE_DEBUG */
+
+/*
+ * Initialization
+ */
+
+SCM_DEFINE (scm_sys_goops_loaded, "%goops-loaded", 0, 0, 0,
+           (),
+           "Announce that GOOPS is loaded and perform initialization\n"
+           "on the C level which depends on the loaded GOOPS modules.")
+#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_sys_goops_loaded
+{
+  goops_loaded_p = 1;
+  var_compute_applicable_methods =
+    scm_sym2var (sym_compute_applicable_methods, scm_goops_lookup_closure,
+                SCM_BOOL_F);
+  setup_extended_primitive_generics ();
+  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
+}
+#undef FUNC_NAME
+
+SCM scm_module_goops;
+
+SCM
+scm_init_goops_builtins (void)
+{
+  scm_module_goops = scm_current_module ();
+  scm_goops_lookup_closure = scm_module_lookup_closure (scm_module_goops);
+
+  /* Not really necessary right now, but who knows...
+   */
+  scm_permanent_object (scm_module_goops);
+  scm_permanent_object (scm_goops_lookup_closure);
+
+  scm_components = scm_permanent_object (scm_make_weak_key_hash_table
+                                        (scm_from_int (37)));
+
+  goops_rstate = scm_c_make_rstate ("GOOPS", 5);
+
+#include "libguile/goops.x"
+
+  list_of_no_method = scm_permanent_object (scm_list_1 (sym_no_method));
+
+  hell = scm_calloc (hell_size * sizeof (*hell));
+  hell_mutex = scm_permanent_object (scm_make_mutex ());
+
+  create_basic_classes ();
+  create_standard_classes ();
+  create_smob_classes ();
+  create_struct_classes ();
+  create_port_classes ();
+
+  {
+    SCM name = scm_from_locale_symbol ("no-applicable-method");
+    scm_no_applicable_method
+      = scm_permanent_object (scm_make (scm_list_3 (scm_class_generic,
+                                                   k_name,
+                                                   name)));
+    DEFVAR (name, scm_no_applicable_method);
+  }
+
+  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
+}
+
+void
+scm_init_goops ()
+{
+  scm_c_define_gsubr ("%init-goops-builtins", 0, 0, 0,
+                     scm_init_goops_builtins);
+}
+
+/*
+  Local Variables:
+  c-file-style: "gnu"
+  End:
+*/