+++ /dev/null
-@c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
-@ignore
- Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
-
- When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the
- version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
-@end ignore
-
-@c \version "2.12.0"
-
-@node Unfretted string instruments
-@section Unfretted string instruments
-
-@lilypondfile[quote]
-{unfretted-headword.ly}
-
-@cindex orchestral strings
-@cindex strings, orchestral
-@cindex strings, writing for
-
-This section provides information and references which are helpful
-when writing for unfretted string instruments, principally
-orchestral strings.
-
-@menu
-* Common notation for unfretted strings::
-@end menu
-
-@node Common notation for unfretted strings
-@subsection Common notation for unfretted strings
-
-There is little specialist notation for unfretted string
-instruments. The music is notated on a single staff, and
-usually only a single voice is required. Two voices might
-be required for some double-stopped or divisi passages.
-
-@menu
-* References for unfretted strings::
-* Bowing indications::
-* Harmonics::
-* Snap (Bartok) pizzicato::
-@end menu
-
-@node References for unfretted strings
-@unnumberedsubsubsec References for unfretted strings
-
-Most of the notation which is useful for orchestral strings
-and other bowed instruments is covered elsewhere:
-
-@itemize
-
-@item Textual indications such as @qq{pizz.} and @qq{arco} are
-added as simple text -- see @ref{Text scripts}.
-
-@item Fingerings, including the thumb indication, are described
-in @ref{Fingering instructions}.
-
-@item Double stopping is normally indicated by writing a chord,
-see @ref{Chorded notes}. Directives for playing chords may be
-added, see @ref{Arpeggio}.
-
-@item A template for a string quartet can be found in
-@rlearning{String quartet}. Others are shown in the snippets.
-
-@end itemize
-
-
-@seealso
-Learning Manual:
-@rlearning{String quartet}.
-
-Notation Reference:
-@ref{Text scripts},
-@ref{Fingering instructions},
-@ref{Chorded notes},
-@ref{Arpeggio}.
-
-Snippets:
-@rlsr{Unfretted strings}.
-
-
-@node Bowing indications
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Bowing indications
-
-@funindex \upbow
-@funindex \downbow
-@funindex \open
-
-@cindex bowing indications
-@cindex up bow indication
-@cindex down bow indication
-@cindex open string indication
-@cindex string, indicating open
-
-Bowing indications are created as articulations, which are
-described in @ref{Articulations and ornamentations}.
-
-The bowing commands, @code{\upbow} and @code{\downbow}, are used
-with slurs as follows:
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-c4(\downbow d) e(\upbow f)
-@end lilypond
-
-@noindent
-and the following example shows three ways in which an open A
-string on a violin might be indicated:
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-a4 \open
-a^\markup { \teeny "II" }
-a2^\markup { \small "sul A" }
-@end lilypond
-
-
-@predefined
-@code{\downbow},
-@code{\upbow},
-@code{\open}.
-@endpredefined
-
-
-@seealso
-Notation Reference:
-@ref{Articulations and ornamentations},
-@ref{Slurs}.
-
-
-@node Harmonics
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Harmonics
-
-@funindex \harmonic
-
-@strong{@i{Natural harmonics}}
-
-@cindex natural harmonics
-@cindex harmonics, natural
-
-Natural harmonics can be notated in several ways. A diamond-shaped
-note head generally means to touch the string where you would stop
-the note if it were not a diamond.
-
-@warning{Harmonics @strong{must} be defined inside a chord
-construct even if there is only a single note.}
-
-@c TODO If the default for harmonicDots is changed, change this
-Dotted harmonics indicated with @code{\harmonic} do not show the
-dots. The context property @code{harmonicDots} should be set if
-dots are required.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-<d\harmonic>4 <e\harmonic>2.
-\set harmonicDots = ##t
-<d\harmonic>4 <e\harmonic>2.
-@end lilypond
-
-Alternatively a normal note head is shown at the pitch to be
-sounded together with a small circle to indicate it should be
-played as a harmonic:
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-d2^\flageolet d_\flageolet
-@end lilypond
-
-A smaller circle may be created, see the snippet list in
-@ref{References for unfretted strings}.
-
-@strong{@i{Artificial harmonics}}
-
-@cindex artificial harmonics
-@cindex harmonics, artifical
-
-Artificial harmonics are notated with two notes, one with a normal
-note head indicating the stopped position and one with an open
-diamond note head to indicate the harmonic position.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
-<e a\harmonic>2 <c g'\harmonic>
-@end lilypond
-
-
-@seealso
-Music Glossary:
-@rglos{harmonics}.
-
-Notation Reference:
-@ref{Special note heads},
-@ref{References for unfretted strings}.
-
-
-@node Snap (Bartok) pizzicato
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Snap (Bartók) pizzicato
-
-@cindex pizzicato, Bartók
-@cindex pizzicato, snap
-@cindex Bartók pizzicato
-@cindex snap pizzicato
-
-@snippets
-
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
-{snap-pizzicato-markup-bartok-pizzicato.ly}
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff