+++ /dev/null
-@c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
-@ignore
- Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
-
- When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the
- version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
-@end ignore
-
-@c \version "2.12.0"
-
-@node Repeats
-@section Repeats
-
-@lilypondfile[quote]{repeats-headword.ly}
-
-Repetition is a central concept in music, and multiple notations
-exist for repetitions. LilyPond supports the following kinds of
-repeats:
-
-
-@table @code
-@item volta
-The repeated music is not written out but enclosed between repeat bar
-lines. If the repeat is at the beginning of a piece, a repeat bar
-line is only printed at the end of the repeat. Alternative endings
-(volte) are printed left to right with brackets. This is the standard
-notation for repeats with alternatives.
-
-@item unfold
-The repeated music is fully written out, as many times as
-specified by @var{repeatcount}. This is useful when
-entering repetitious music.
-
-@item percent
-These are beat or measure repeats. They look like single slashes or
-percent signs.
-
-@item tremolo
-This is used to write tremolo beams.
-
-@end table
-
-
-@menu
-* Long repeats::
-* Short repeats::
-@end menu
-
-@node Long repeats
-@subsection Long repeats
-
-This section discusses how to input long (usually multi-measure)
-repeats. The repeats can take two forms: repeats enclosed between
-repeat signs; or written out repeats, used to input repetitious music.
-Repeat signs can also be controlled manually.
-
-@menu
-* Normal repeats::
-* Manual repeat marks::
-* Written-out repeats::
-@end menu
-
-@cindex volta
-@cindex prima volta
-@cindex seconda volta
-@cindex volta, prima
-@cindex volta, seconda
-@cindex repeat, normal
-@cindex normal repeat
-@cindex repeat with alternate endings
-@cindex alternate endings
-@funindex \repeat
-@funindex \alternative
-@funindex \partial
-
-@node Normal repeats
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Normal repeats
-
-The syntax for a normal repeat is
-
-@example
-\repeat volta @var{repeatcount} @var{musicexpr}
-@end example
-
-where @var{musicexpr} is a music expression. Alternate endings can be
-produced using @code{\alternative}. In order to delimit the alternate
-endings, the group of alternatives must be enclosed in a set of
-braces. If there are more repeats than there are alternate endings,
-the earliest repeats are given the first alternative.
-
-Normal repeats without alternate endings:
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\repeat volta 2 { c4 d e f }
-c2 d
-\repeat volta 2 { d4 e f g }
-@end lilypond
-
-Normal repeats with alternate endings:
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\repeat volta 4 { c4 d e f }
-\alternative {
- { d2 e }
- { f2 g }
-}
-c1
-@end lilypond
-
-
-@cindex repeat with upbeat
-@cindex upbeat in a repeat
-@cindex anacrucis in a repeat
-@cindex repeat with anacrucis
-@cindex repeat with pickup
-@cindex pickup in a repeat
-@funindex \partial
-
-Repeats with upbeats can be entered in two ways:
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\partial 4
-e |
-\repeat volta 4 { c2 d | e2 f | }
-\alternative {
- { g4 g g e }
- { a4 a a a | b2. }
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-@noindent
-or
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\partial 4
-\repeat volta 4 { e4 | c2 d | e2 f | }
-\alternative {
- { \partial 4*3 g4 g g }
- { a4 a a a | b2. }
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-
-@cindex repeats with ties
-@cindex alternative endings with ties
-@cindex ties in repeats
-@cindex ties in alternative endings
-@funindex \repeatTie
-
-Ties may be added to a second ending:
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-c1
-\repeat volta 2 { c4 d e f ~ }
-\alternative {
- { f2 d }
- { f2\repeatTie f, }
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-@snippets
-
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
-{shortening-volta-brackets.ly}
-
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
-{adding-volta-brackets-to-additional-staves.ly}
-
-
-@seealso
-Music Glossary: @rglos{repeat}, @rglos{volta}.
-
-Notation Reference: @ref{Bar lines}, @ref{Modifying context plug-ins}.
-
-Snippets: @rlsr{Repeats}.
-
-Internals Reference: @rinternals{VoltaBracket},
-@rinternals{RepeatedMusic}, @rinternals{VoltaRepeatedMusic},
-@rinternals{UnfoldedRepeatedMusic}.
-
-
-@knownissues
-
-@cindex repeat, ambiguous
-@cindex nested repeat
-@cindex repeat, nested
-@cindex repeat timing information
-@cindex repeat and measure number
-@cindex timing information and repeats
-@cindex measure number and repeats
-@cindex repeat and slur
-@cindex slur and repeat
-
-A nested repeat like
-
-@example
-\repeat @dots{}
-\repeat @dots{}
-\alternative
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-is ambiguous, since it is is not clear to which @code{\repeat} the
-@code{\alternative} belongs. This ambiguity is resolved by always
-having the @code{\alternative} belong to the inner @code{\repeat}.
-For clarity, it is advisable to use braces in such situations.
-
-Timing information is not remembered at the start of an alternative,
-so after a repeat timing information must be reset by hand; for
-example, by setting @code{Score.measurePosition} or entering
-@code{\partial}. Similarly, slurs are also not repeated.
-
-
-
-@node Manual repeat marks
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Manual repeat marks
-
-@cindex manual repeat mark
-@cindex repeat, manual
-@cindex start repeat
-@cindex repeat, start
-@cindex end repeat
-@cindex repeat, end
-@cindex repeat number, changing
-@cindex repeat volta, changing
-@cindex volta bracket
-@cindex bracket, volta
-@funindex repeatCommands
-@funindex start-repeat
-
-@warning{These methods are only used for displaying unusual repeat
-constructs, and may produce unexpected behavior. In most cases,
-repeats should be created using the standard @code{\\repeat} command
-or by printing the relevant bar lines. For more information, see
-@ref{Bar lines}.}
-
-The property @code{repeatCommands} can be used to control the
-layout of repeats. Its value is a Scheme list of repeat commands.
-
-@table @code
-@item start-repeat
-Print a @code{|:} bar line.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-c1
-\set Score.repeatCommands = #'(start-repeat)
-d4 e f g
-c1
-@end lilypond
-
-As per standard engraving practice, repeat signs are not printed
-at the beginning of a piece.
-
-@item end-repeat
-Print a @code{:|} bar line:
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-c1
-d4 e f g
-\set Score.repeatCommands = #'(end-repeat)
-c1
-@end lilypond
-
-@item (volta @var{number}) ... (volta #f)
-Create a new volta with the specified number. The volta bracket must
-be explicitly terminated, or it will not be printed.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-f4 g a b
-\set Score.repeatCommands = #'((volta "2"))
-g4 a g a
-\set Score.repeatCommands = #'((volta #f))
-c1
-@end lilypond
-
-@end table
-
-Multiple repeat commands may occur at the same point:
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-f4 g a b
-\set Score.repeatCommands = #'((volta "2, 5") end-repeat)
-g4 a g a
-c1
-\set Score.repeatCommands = #'((volta #f) (volta "95") end-repeat)
-b1
-\set Score.repeatCommands = #'((volta #f))
-@end lilypond
-
-@cindex volta bracket with text
-@cindex text in volta bracket
-
-Text can be included with the volta bracket. The text can be a
-number or numbers or markup text, see @ref{Formatting text}. The
-simplest way to use markup text is to define the markup first,
-then include the markup in a Scheme list.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-voltaAdLib = \markup { 1. 2. 3... \text \italic { ad lib. } }
-\relative c'' {
- c1
- \set Score.repeatCommands = #(list(list 'volta voltaAdLib) 'start-repeat)
- c4 b d e
- \set Score.repeatCommands = #'((volta #f) (volta "4.") end-repeat)
- f1
- \set Score.repeatCommands = #'((volta #f))
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-
-@snippets
-
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
-{printing-a-repeat-sign-at-the-beginning-of-a-piece.ly}
-
-
-@seealso
-Notation Reference:
-@ref{Bar lines},
-@ref{Formatting text}.
-
-Snippets:
-@rlsr{Repeats}.
-
-Internals Reference:
-@rinternals{VoltaBracket},
-@rinternals{RepeatedMusic},
-@rinternals{VoltaRepeatedMusic}.
-
-
-@node Written-out repeats
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Written-out repeats
-
-@cindex written-out repeats
-@cindex repetitious music
-@cindex repeats, written-out
-@cindex repeat, unfold
-@cindex unfold music
-@cindex unfold repeat
-@cindex unfold repeat with alternate endings
-@cindex unfold music with alternate endings
-@cindex alternate ending in written-out repeats
-@funindex unfold
-
-By using the @code{unfold} command, repeats can be used to simplify
-the writing out of repetitious music. The syntax is
-
-@example
-\repeat unfold @var{repeatcount} @var{musicexpr}
-@end example
-
-where @var{musicexpr} is a music expression and @var{repeatcount} is
-the number of times @var{musicexpr} is repeated.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-c1
-\repeat unfold 2 { c4 d e f }
-c1
-@end lilypond
-
-Unfold repeats can be made with alternate endings. If there are
-more repeats than there are alternate endings, the first
-alternative ending is applied to the earliest endings.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-c1
-\repeat unfold 2 { g4 f e d }
- \alternative {
- { cis2 g' }
- { cis,2 b }
- }
-c1
-@end lilypond
-
-
-@seealso
-Snippets: @rlsr{Repeats}.
-
-Internals Reference: @rinternals{RepeatedMusic},
-@rinternals{UnfoldedRepeatedMusic}.
-
-
-@node Short repeats
-@subsection Short repeats
-
-This section discusses how to input short repeats. Short repeats can
-take two basic forms: repeats of a single note to two measures,
-represented by slashes or percent signs; and tremolos.
-
-@menu
-* Percent repeats::
-* Tremolo repeats::
-@end menu
-
-@node Percent repeats
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Percent repeats
-
-@cindex percent repeats
-@cindex measure repeats
-@cindex repeat, percent
-@cindex repeat, measure
-@cindex repeat, short
-@funindex \repeat percent
-@funindex percent
-
-Repeated short patterns of notes are supported. The music is printed
-once, and the pattern is replaced with a special sign. Patterns that
-are shorter than one measure are replaced by slashes, and patterns of
-one or two measures are replaced by percent-like signs. The syntax is
-
-@example
-@code{\repeat percent @var{number} @var{musicexpr}}
-@end example
-
-where @var{musicexpr} is a music expression.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\repeat percent 4 { c4 }
-\repeat percent 2 { b4 a g f }
-\repeat percent 2 { c2 es | f4 fis g c | }
-@end lilypond
-
-@snippets
-
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
-{percent-repeat-counter.ly}
-
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
-{percent-repeat-count-visibility.ly}
-
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
-{isolated-percent-repeats.ly}
-
-
-@seealso
-Music Glossary: @rglos{percent repeat}, @rglos{simile}.
-
-Snippets: @rlsr{Repeats}.
-
-Internals Reference: @rinternals{RepeatSlash},
-@rinternals{PercentRepeat}, @rinternals{DoublePercentRepeat},
-@rinternals{DoublePercentRepeatCounter},
-@rinternals{PercentRepeatCounter}, @rinternals{PercentRepeatedMusic}.
-
-
-@knownissues
-
-Only three kinds of percent repeats are supported: a single slash
-representing a single beat (regardless of the duration of the repeated
-notes); a single slash with dots representing one full measure; and
-two slashes with dots crossing a bar line representing two full
-measures. Neither multiple slashes representing single beat repeats
-consisting of sixteenth or shorter notes, nor two slashes with dots
-representing single beat repeats consisting of notes of varying
-durations, are supported.
-
-
-@node Tremolo repeats
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Tremolo repeats
-
-@cindex tremolo beams
-@cindex tremolo
-@cindex repeat, tremolo
-@funindex \repeat tremolo
-@funindex tremolo
-
-Tremolos can take two forms: alternation between two chords or two
-notes, and rapid repetition of a single note or chord. Tremolos
-consisting of an alternation are indicated by adding beams between the
-notes or chords being alternated, while tremolos consisting of the
-rapid repetition of a single note are indicated by adding beams or
-slashes to a single note.
-
-To place tremolo marks between notes, use @code{\repeat} with
-tremolo style:
-
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
-\repeat tremolo 8 { c16 d }
-\repeat tremolo 6 { c16 d }
-\repeat tremolo 2 { c16 d }
-@end lilypond
-
-The @code{\repeat tremolo} syntax expects exactly two notes within
-the braces, and the number of repetitions must correspond to a
-note value that can be expressed with plain or dotted notes. Thus,
-@code{\repeat tremolo 7} is valid and produces a double dotted
-note, but @code{\repeat tremolo 9} is not.
-
-The duration of the tremolo equals the duration of the
-braced expression multiplied by the number of repeats:
-@code{\repeat tremolo 8 @{ c16 d16 @}} gives a whole note tremolo,
-notated as two whole notes joined by tremolo beams.
-
-There are two ways to put tremolo marks on a single note. The
-@code{\repeat tremolo} syntax is also used here, in which case
-the note should not be surrounded by braces:
-
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
-\repeat tremolo 4 c'16
-@end lilypond
-
-@cindex tremolo marks
-@funindex tremoloFlags
-@funindex :
-
-The same output can be obtained by adding
-@q{@code{:}[@var{number}]} after the note. The number indicates
-the duration of the subdivision, and it must be at least 8. A
-@var{number} value of 8 gives one line across the note stem. If
-the length is omitted, the last value (stored in
-@code{tremoloFlags}) is used
-
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
-c2:8 c:32
-c: c:
-@end lilypond
-
-
-@seealso
-Snippets: @rlsr{Repeats}.
-
-@cindex tremolo, cross-staff
-@cindex cross-staff tremolo
-
-@knownissues
-
-Cross-staff tremolos do not work well.
-
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff