redef(code)(1)(tt(ARG1))
+
COMMENT(
TODO:
the use of semicolons needs to be documented once it settles down
- \times needs documentation with examples somewhere once it works (?)
paper size?
the explanation of how lyrics mode parses words seems ridiculous.
Is there a simple way to explain this, or is the behavior
accordion symbols
extender* (see extender.ly)
\repeat & \alternative -> probably should have an example
+ properties:
+ unfoldRepeats
+ voltaVisibility
+ property: stemLeftBeamCount stemRightBeamCount
+ interstaff beams (beam-interstaff.ly)
+ interstaff slurs (see preludes-1.ly)
+ boolean property barAuto
+ property: noteheadStyle
+ harmonics: test/harmonics.fly
+ autobeamer
+ properties: beamAutoEndx ??? rational string "1/2"
+ beamAutoBegin
+ beamAutoEnd
+ beamAuto
+ ScriptPadding
+ Direction
+ chordNameStyle (banter)
+ chordInversionPreserve
+ createInitdefaultClef
+ dynamicStyle
+ singleStaffBracket
+ numberOfStaffLines
+
+
+ {Mark,BarNumber,Margin}{Direction,ScriptPadding}
+
+
)
-COMMENT( This document contains Mudela fragments. You need at least
+COMMENT(
+This document contains Mudela fragments. You need at least
Yodl-1.30.18 to convert this to tex or html.
-
-TODO
-
-in stead <-> instead
)
htmlbodyopt(bgcolor)(white)
whentexinfo(notableofcontents())
-article(Mudela 1.0.7 / LilyPond 1.1.8 Reference Manual)
+article(Mudela 1.0.14 / LilyPond 1.1.27 Reference Manual)
(Adrian Mariano, Han-Wen Nienhuys and Jan Nieuwenhuizen)
(nop()PIPETHROUGH(date "+%B %d, %Y")()()nop())
letter and are entirely alphanumeric. It is also impossible to refer
to an identifier whose name is the same as the name of a keyword. The
following words are keywords:
-verb(absdynamic grouping mm relative
-accepts header musicalpitch remove
-alternative in name repeat tempo
-bar include notenames scm time
-cadenza key notes scmfile times
-clef keysignature paper score translator
-cm lyrics partial script transpose
-consists maininput penalty shape type
-duration mark property skip version
-font midi pt spandynamic)
+verb(absdynamic duration mark property skip
+accepts font midi pt spandynamic
+alternative grouping mm relative tempo
+bar header musicalpitch remove time
+cadenza in name repeat times
+chordmodifier include notenames scm translator
+chords key notes scmfile transpose
+clef keysignature paper score type
+cm lyrics partial script version
+consists maininput penalty shape)
The right hand side of an identifier assignment is parsed completely
when the assignment is made. It therefore must have any context
treated as a string. If you mistype a notename, the parser will most
likely complain that you should be in code(\lyrics) mode to do lyrics.
+dit(Chord mode) Chord mode is instroduced by the keyword code(\chords).
+Very similar to Note mode.
+COMMENT(I'm not sure how it differs)
+
dit(Lyric mode) Lyrics mode is introduced by the keyword
code(\lyrics). This mode is has rules that make it easy to include
punctuation and diacritical marks in words. A word in Lyrics mode
a'4. b'4.
)
-In addition, the duration can be followed by a multiplier which is
-introduced with the asterisk code(*) and can be an integer or a
-fraction. The multiplier changes the duration that LilyPond uses
-internally for the note, but for notes it
-does not change the symbol that is printed.
+Extra long notes can be obtained using the code(\breve) and
+code(longa) durations:
mudela(fragment,verbatim,center)(
-c'4*2 c'4*2 d'8*2/3 d'8*2/3
+c'\breve gis'\longa
+)
+
+In order to get triplets and other tuplets, you must use the
+code(\times) keyword which multiplies the duration by a fraction. The
+syntax is code(\times) var(fraction) var(music). The length of all of
+the specified music will be multiplied by the fraction and the
+fraction's denominator will be printed over the notes. The most
+common tuplet is the triplet in which 3 notes have the length of 2, so
+the notes are 2/3 their written length:
+mudela(fragment,verbatim,center)( b'4 \times 2/3 {c'4 c' c'} d'4 d'4 )
+If you try to use code(\times) as the first thing in your music, you
+may encounter the warning ``No one to print a tuplet start bracket''.
+This happens because the Tuplet-engraver is in Voice and no Voice has
+been created yet. You must explicitly specify the Voice context in
+this situation
+mudela(fragment,verbatim,center)(
+\type Voice { \times 2/3 {c'4 d' e'}}
)
+
+A shorthand for code(\times) is to write code(*)var(fraction) after a
+duration. This shorthand will not label triplets correctly, but
+it is convenient for long rests.
For long rests with durations equal to an integer number of whole notes,
LilyPond produces output that indicates the duration of the rest. If you use
code(r) then one rest symbol will be printed and several measures left blank.
If you use code(R) then all of the measure will be filled with whole rests.
+mudela(fragment,verbatim,center)(
+r1 r1*3 R1*3
+)
If you set the code(Score.SkipBars) property, then only one measure will be
printed; with code(R), a number indicating the length of the rest will be
displayed.
mudela(fragment,verbatim,center)(
-r1*3 R1*3
\property Score.SkipBars=1
-r1*3 R1*3)
-
-Extra long notes can be obtained using the code(\breve) and
-code(longa) durations:
+r1 r1*3 R1*3
+)
+Even though the code(\times) command is not explicit, it is still
+necessary to specify a code(Voice) context if the music begins with
+rests lengthened using code(*).
+Otherwise, the following will result:
mudela(fragment,verbatim,center)(
-c'\breve gis'\longa
+R1*3 c'1 d'
)
-
-subsect(Note Spanners: Beams, Tuplets, Slurs and Ties)
+subsect(Note Spanners: Beams, Slurs and Ties)
A beam is specified by surrounding the beamed notes with brackets
code([) and code(]).
mudela(fragment,verbatim,center)(
-[a'8 a'] [a'16 a' a' a']
+[a'8 a'] [a'16 a' a' a']
+)
+Some more elaborate constructions:
+mudela(fragment,verbatim,center)(
+[a'16 <a' c''> c'' <a' c''>]
+\times 2/3 { [e'8 f' g'] }
)
-
-[EXPLAIN TUPLETS HERE]
Another type of spanner is the slur. Slurs connects chords and try to
avoid crossing stems. A slur is started with code(CHAR(40)) and stopped with
e' ~ e' <c' e' g'> ~ <c' e' g'>
)
+It is possible to create beams and slurs that cross staffs by switching the
+context:
+mudela(fragment,verbatim,center)(
+<
+\type Staff=one \notes\relative c'{
+ \stemup
+ [c8 c \translator Staff=two \stemup c c]
+ \translator Staff=one
+ d4( \translator Staff=two )a4
+ }
+\type Staff=two \notes{ \clef bass;}
+>
+)
+
+
+COMMENT(!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!)
subsect(Note Ornaments)
c''-\open c''-\flageolet c''-\reverseturn
c''-\trill
c''-\prall c''-\mordent c''-\prallprall c''-\prallmordent
- c''-\upprall c''-\downprall c''-\thumb}
+ c''-\upprall c''-\downprall c''-\thumb }
\type Lyrics \lyrics{
accent marcato staccatissimo fermata stopped
staccato tenuto upbow downbow lheel rheel ltoe rtoe turn
open flageolet reverseturn
trill prall
- mordent prallprall prallmordent uprall downprall thumb}>
- \paper{linewidth = 5.875\in;
- indent = 0.0;
- }
-}
+ mordent prallprall prallmordent uprall downprall thumb }
+ >
+ \paper{ linewidth = 5.875\in;
+ indent = 0.0; }
+ }
)
COMMENT( The following are defined in script.ly but do not work:
c'' \< \! c'' d'' \decr e'' \rced
< f''1 {s4 \< \! s4 \> \! s2 } >)
+
+COMMENT(Broken!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!)
+
Tremolo marks can be printed by a note by adding code(:)[var(length)]
after the note. The length must be at least 8. A var(length) value
of 8 gives one line across the note stem.
code(\transpose) have no effect on notes that appear inside the
code(\transpose).
+sect(Chords)
+
+Chords can be entered either by name or by listing the notes in angle brackets.
+Chords can be displayed either as notes or by name. To enter chords by name,
+either place them inside the code(\chords) keyword, or use
+code(\notes) and surround them with
+code(@) characters.
+Chord names have the form
+var(tonic)[var(duration)][code(-)var(modifier)][code(^)var(subtractions)][code(/)var(inversion)]
+The var(tonic) should be the tonic note of the chord, and the var(duration) is
+the chord duration in the usual notation. There are two kinds of modifiers.
+One type is chord additions, which are obtained by listing intervals separated
+by dots. An interval is written by its number with an optional code(+) or
+code(-) to indicate raising or lowering by half a step. A chord additions has
+two effects: it adds the specified interval and all lower odd numbered
+intervals to the chord, and it may lower or raise the specified interval.
+Intervals can be separated by a dot (code(.)) if you need to list
+several unmodified intervals.
+Repeating a code(-) character will remove a half step from the preceeding
+interval.
+mudela(fragment,verbatim,center)(
+\transpose c''{
+\chords{
+ c1 c-3- c-7 c-8 c-9
+ c-9-5+7+ c-3-5- c-4.6.8
+}})
+The second type of modifier that may appear after the code(-) is
+a named modifier.
+Named modifiers are listed in the file file(chord-modifiers.ly). The
+available modifiers are code(m) and code(min) which lower
+the 3rd half a step, code(aug) which raises the 5th, code(dim) which lowers
+the 5th, code(maj) which adds a raised 7th, and code(sus) which replaces the
+5th with a 4th.
+mudela(fragment,verbatim,center)(
+\transpose c''{
+\chords{
+ c1-m c-min c-maj c-aug c-dim c-sus
+}})
+
+Chord subtractions are used to eliminate notes from a chord. The notes to be
+subtracted are listed after a code(^) character, separated by dots.
+mudela(fragment,verbatim,center)(
+\transpose c''{
+\chords{
+ c1^3 c-7^5.3 c-8^7
+}})
+
+Chord inversions can be specified by appending code(/) and the name of a
+single note to a chord. This has the effect of lowering the specified note by
+an octave so it becomes the lowest note in the chord. If the
+specified note is not in the chord then a warning will be printed.
+mudela(fragment,verbatim,center)(
+\transpose c'''{
+ @c1@ @c/e@ @c/g@ @c-7/e@
+})
+Throughout these examples, chords have been shifted around the staff
+using code(\transpose). The code(\relative) keyword has odd effects
+when combined with named chords.
+
+For displaying printed chord names, use the code(ChordNames) context.
+The chords may be entered either using the notation described above,
+or directly using angle brackets.
+mudela(fragment,verbatim)(
+<
+ \type ChordNames { \chords{ a b c} \notes{ < d f g > < e g b > } }
+ \type Staff \notes{ a b c' d' e' }
+>
+)
+Lilypond examines chords specified as lists of notes to determine a
+name to give the chord. By default, LilyPond will not try to identify
+chord inversions:
+mudela(fragment,verbatim,center)(
+<
+ \type ChordNames {
+ \notes{ < e' g' c'' > } }
+ \type Staff \notes{ c' }
+>)
+If you want inversions to be recognized, you must set the property
+code(Score.chordInversion):
+mudela(fragment,verbatim,center)(
+<
+ \property Score.chordInversion = 1
+ \type ChordNames {
+ \notes{ < e' g' c'' > } }
+ \type Staff \notes{ c' }
+>)
+
+COMMENT(
+ Two other properties
+ chordInversionPreserve
+ and chordNameStyle = Banter
+ exist. What do these do?
+)
+
+
sect(Lyrics)
Lyrics are entered like notes, with pitches replaced
Why does this warrant an URG?
)
+When one word is attached to many notes, you may
+want a continuous line after the lyric to show this. To achieve
+this effect, add a code(__) lyric after the lyric to be extended.
+This will create
+an extender, a line that extends over the entire duration of
+the lyric. There must be a lyric after the code(__), so if you want
+to extend the final lyric, you will have to end with a blank lyric.
+mudela(verbatim,center)(
+\score{
+< \notes \relative c''{
+ a4()b()c()d c()d()b()a }
+ \type Lyrics \lyrics {
+ foo1 __ bar2. __ _ }
+> })
+
-COMMENT(
-
-sect(Chords and Voices)
-
-Here's a simple chord
-mudela(fragment,verbatim,center)(
-<c e g>
-)
-
-here are a few
-mudela(fragment,verbatim,center)(
-<
- { c'()d'()c' }
- { e'()f'()e' }
- { g'()a'()g' }
->
-)
-
-and similarly voices
-mudela(fragment,verbatim)(
-<
- { \voiceone c'4 g' c' g' }
- { \voicetwo c2 g2 }
->
-)
+COMMENT(Broken!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!)
-)
sect(Time)
LilyPond aligns all musical objects according to the amount of time
-they occupy. All of these objects have a duration. When music is
+they occupy. All musical objects have a duration. When music is
written sequentially using braces the duration is the sum of the
durations of the elements. When music is stacked into simultaneous music
using angle
)
+sect(Repeats)
+
+In order to specify repeats, use the code(\repeat) keyword. By
+default, repeats are printed with repeat symbols.
+mudela(fragment,verbatim,center)(
+c'1
+\repeat 2 { c'4 d' e' f' }
+\repeat 2 { f' e' d' c' })
+In order to specify alternate endings, use the code(\alternative)
+keyword.
+mudela(fragment,verbatim,center)(
+c'1
+\repeat 2 {c'4 d' e' f'}
+\alternative { {d'2 d'} {f' f} })
+When the repeats involve partial measures, it will be necessary to use
+code(\partial) keywords to indicate which measures are short.
+mudela(fragment,verbatim)(
+\type Staff { \relative c'{
+ \repeat 2 { \partial 4; e | c2 d2 | e2 f2 | }
+ \alternative { { g4 g g } {\partial 2.; a a a a | b1 } }
+}})
+Repeats can be unfolded by setting the unfoldRepeats
+
+
sect(Keywords)
Keywords sometimes appear alone, but usually they require arguments.
mudela(center)(
\score{
\notes{\cadenza 1; \clef alto; c'4_"\kern -10mm alto"
- \clef scarlatti; c'4_"\kern -4mm scarlatti"
+ % \clef scarlatti; c'4_"\kern -4mm scarlatti"
\clef mezzosoprano; c'4^"\kern -10mm mezzosoprano"
\clef soprano; c'4_"\kern -10mm soprano"
\clef treble; c'4^"\kern -6mm treble"
dit(code(\maininput)) Internal command. This command is used for creating init
files like file(init.fly) that read the user file into the middle of another
-file. Using it in a user file will lead to an infinite loop.
+file. It is illegal to use this command in a user file.
dit(code(\mark) var(unsigned)code(;) or code(\mark) var(string)code(;))
Allowed in music only. Prints a mark over or under (depending on the
dit(code(\notes) var(music)) Enter note mode and process the
specified music.
-dit(code(\)code(output) var(string)code(;)) Generate a parse error.
-
dit(code(\paper) var(statmentlist))
Appears in a score block to indicate that the music should be printed
or to set output parameters. Can also appear at the top level to set
This context handles the conversion of noteheads,
dynamic signs, stems, beams, super- and subscripts, slurs, ties and rests.
+dit(code(ChordNamesVoice)) A voice with chord names. Handles printing
+of a line of chord names.
+
+dit(code(ChordNames)) Typesets chord names. Can contain
+code(ChordNamesVoice) contexts.
+
dit(code(Lyrics)) Typesets lyrics. It can contain code(LyricVoice) contexts.
dit(code(Staff)) Handles clefs, bar lines, keys,
together. The bar lines of the contained staffs are connected vertically.
It can contain code(Staff) contexts.
+dit(code(PianoStaff)) Just like code(GrandStaff) but with
+code(minVerticalAlign) set equal to code(maxVerticalAlign) so that
+interstaff beaming and slurring can be used.
+
dit(code(StaffGroup)) Contains code(Staff) or code(RhythmicStaff)
contexsts. Adds a bracket on the left side, grouping the staffs
together. The bar lines of the contained staffs are connected vertically.
force slurs down. The shorthands code(\slurup), code(\slurdown), and
code(\slurboth) are available.
-dit(code(tieYDirection)) Set to code(\free) for free choice of tie
+dit(code(tieydirection)) Set to code(\free) for free choice of tie
direction, set to code(\up) to force ties up, set to code(\down) to
force ties down.
typesetting many voices on one staff. The identifier code(\shift) is
defined to enable this.
-dit(code(dynamicdir)) Determines location of dynamic marks. Set to
+dit(code(dynamicDir)) Determines location of dynamic marks. Set to
code(\up) to print marks above the staff; set to code(\down) to print
marks below the staff.
}
)
+COMMENT(Broken!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!)
+
)
code(\beamslopedamped), and code(\beamslopezero) each set the
corresponding value.
+dit(code(chordInversion)) Determines whether LilyPond should look for
+chord inversions when translating from notes to chord names. Set to 1
+to find inversions. The default is 0 which does not look for inversions.
+
)
-
+
COMMENT(
bar-number-engraver.cc: "barScriptPadding" vertical space for numbers
span-bar-engraver.cc: "singleStaffBracket" do single staffs get a bracket?
-bar-column-engraver.cc: "barColumnPriority"
-bar-number-engraver.cc: "barNumberBreakPriority" Control horizontal ordering
-mark-engraver.cc: "markBreakPriority" of bars, clefs, keysig
-staff-margin-engraver.cc:"marginBreakPriority" etc. Slated for revision
)
sect(Pre-defined Identifiers)
subsect(Paper variables)
+Warning: this section is outdated and inaccurate.
+
There are a large number of paper variables that are used to control
details of the layout. Usually you will not want to change these
variables; they are set by default to vaules that depend on the font
majority selection is used. If set to 3.0, then mean selection is
used based on the mean center distance. If set to 4.0 then median
selection is used, based on the median center distance.
-dit(code(beam_ideal_stem1))
-dit(code(beam_ideal_stem2))
-dit(code(beam_minimum_stem1))
-dit(code(beam_minimum_stem2))
-dit(code(beam_multiple_break))
-dit(code(beam_slope_damp_correct_factor))
-dit(code(beam_thickness)) Specify the thickness of beams.
dit(code(castingalgorithm))
dit(code(forced_stem_shorten)) Stems that have been forced to go the
unnatural direction are shortened by this amount. Equal to
-code(\interline) by default.
+dit(code(forced_stem_shorten0))
dit(code(gourlay_energybound))
dit(code(gourlay_maxmeasures)) Maximum number of measures per line
when using Gourlay method.
description(
dit(code(Abbreviation_beam_engraver))
-dit(code(Bar_column_engraver))
dit(code(Bar_engraver)) Engraves bar lines. Normally in code(Staff) and
code(RhythmicStaff).
dit(code(Bar_number_engraver)) Engrave bar numbers. These numbers
dit(code(Beam_req_swallow_translator)) Swallows beam requests. In
code(LyricVoice).
+dit(code(Chord_name_engraver)) Engraves chord names. Normally in
+code(ChordNameVoice)
dit(code(Clef_engraver)) Engraves the clef symbol. Normally in code(Staff).
dit(code(Collision_engraver))
dit(code(Dot_column_engraver)) Engraves dots on dotted notes shifted to the
dit(code(Pitch_squash_engraver)) Treat all pitches as middle C. Used in
code(RhythmicStaff). Note that the notes move, but the locations of
accidentals stay the same.
-dit(code(Plet_engraver)) Engraves brackets and the number over tuplets. In
-code(Voice).
-dit(code(Plet_swallow_engraver)) Swallows tuplet requests without any output.
-In code(LyricVoice).
-COMMENT( Should this be named Plet_req_swallow_translator? )
dit(code(Priority_horizontal_align_engraver))
dit(code(Repeat_engraver)) Handles repeats? In code(Staff) and
code(RhythmicStaff).
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff