--- /dev/null
+@c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
+@ignore
+ Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
+
+ When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the
+ version that you are working on. For details, see the Contributors'
+ Guide, node Updating translation committishes..
+@end ignore
+
+@c \version "2.14.0"
+
+@node Wind instruments
+@section Wind instruments
+
+@lilypondfile[quote]{wind-headword.ly}
+
+This section includes elements of music notation that arise when
+writing specifically for wind instruments.
+
+@menu
+* Common notation for wind instruments::
+* Bagpipes::
+* Woodwinds::
+@end menu
+
+@node Common notation for wind instruments
+@subsection Common notation for wind instruments
+
+This section discusses notation common to most wind instruments.
+
+@menu
+* References for wind instruments::
+* Fingerings::
+@end menu
+
+@node References for wind instruments
+@unnumberedsubsubsec References for wind instruments
+
+@cindex wind instruments
+
+Many notation issues for wind instruments pertain to breathing and
+tonguing:
+
+@itemize
+@item Breathing can be specified by rests or @ref{Breath marks}.
+@item Legato playing is indicated by @ref{Slurs}.
+@item Different types of tonguings, ranging from legato to non-legato to
+staccato are usually shown by articulation marks, sometimes combined
+with slurs, see @ref{Articulations and ornamentations} and
+@ref{List of articulations}.
+@item Flutter tonguing is usually indicated by placing a tremolo mark
+and a text markup on the note. See @ref{Tremolo repeats}.
+@end itemize
+
+Other aspects of musical notation that can apply to wind instruments:
+
+@itemize
+@item Many wind instruments are transposing instruments, see
+@ref{Instrument transpositions}.
+@item The slide glissando are characteristic of the trombone, but other
+winds may perform keyed or valved glissandi. See @ref{Glissando}.
+@item Harmonic series glissandi, which are possible on all brass
+instruments but common for French Horns, are usually written out as
+@ref{Grace notes}.
+@item Pitch inflections at the end of a note are discussed in
+@ref{Falls and doits}.
+@item Key slaps or valve slaps are often shown by the @code{cross} style
+of @ref{Special note heads}.
+@item Woodwinds can overblow low notes to sound harmonics. These are
+shown by the @code{flageolet} articulation.
+See @ref{List of articulations}.
+@item The use of brass mutes is usually indicated by a text markup, but
+where there are many rapid changes it is better to use the
+@code{stopped} and @code{open} articulations.
+See @ref{Articulations and ornamentations} and
+@ref{List of articulations}.
+@item Stopped horns are indicated by the @code{stopped} articulation.
+See @ref{Articulations and ornamentations}.
+@end itemize
+
+@snippets
+
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{changing--flageolet-mark-size.ly}
+
+
+@seealso
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Breath marks},
+@ref{Slurs},
+@ref{Articulations and ornamentations},
+@ref{List of articulations},
+@ref{Tremolo repeats},
+@ref{Instrument transpositions},
+@ref{Glissando},
+@ref{Grace notes},
+@ref{Falls and doits},
+@ref{Special note heads},
+
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Winds}.
+
+
+@node Fingerings
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Fingerings
+
+All wind instruments other than the trombone require the use of several
+fingers to produce each pitch. Some fingering examples are shown in
+the snippets below.
+
+Woodwind diagrams can be produced and are described in
+@ref{Woodwind diagrams}.
+
+@snippets
+
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{fingering-symbols-for-wind-instruments.ly}
+
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{recorder-fingering-chart.ly}
+
+@seealso
+
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Woodwind diagrams}.
+
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Winds}.
+
+
+@node Bagpipes
+@subsection Bagpipes
+
+This section discusses notation common bagpipes.
+
+@menu
+* Bagpipe definitions::
+* Bagpipe example::
+@end menu
+
+@node Bagpipe definitions
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Bagpipe definitions
+
+@cindex bagpipe
+@cindex Scottish highland bagpipe
+@cindex grace notes
+@funindex \taor
+@funindex taor
+@funindex \hideKeySignature
+@funindex hideKeySignature
+@funindex \showKeySignature
+@funindex showKeySignature
+
+LilyPond contains special definitions for Scottish, Highland Bagpipe
+music; to use them, add
+
+@example
+\include "bagpipe.ly"
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+to the top of your input file. This lets you add the special grace notes
+common to bagpipe music with short commands. For example, you could
+write @code{\taor} instead of
+
+@example
+\grace @{ \small G32[ d G e] @}
+@end example
+
+@file{bagpipe.ly} also contains pitch definitions for the bagpipe
+notes in the appropriate octaves, so you do not need to worry about
+@code{\relative} or @code{\transpose}.
+
+@lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,quote,notime]
+\include "bagpipe.ly"
+{ \grg G4 \grg a \grg b \grg c \grg d \grg e \grg f \grA g A }
+@end lilypond
+
+Bagpipe music nominally uses the key of D Major (even though that
+isn't really true). However, since that is the only key that can be used,
+the key signature is normally not written out. To set this up correctly,
+always start your music with @code{\hideKeySignature}. If you for some
+reason want to show the key signature, you can use @code{\showKeySignature}
+instead.
+
+Some modern music use cross fingering on c and f to flatten those notes.
+This can be indicated by @code{cflat} or @code{fflat}. Similarly, the
+piobaireachd high g can be written @code{gflat} when it occurs in light
+music.
+
+
+@seealso
+@rlsr{Winds}.
+
+
+@node Bagpipe example
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Bagpipe example
+
+@cindex bagpipe example
+@cindex Amazing Grace bagpipe example
+
+This is what the well known tune Amazing Grace looks like in bagpipe
+notation.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\include "bagpipe.ly"
+\layout {
+ indent = 0.0\cm
+ \context { \Score \remove "Bar_number_engraver" }
+}
+
+\header {
+ title = "Amazing Grace"
+ meter = "Hymn"
+ arranger = "Trad. arr."
+}
+
+{
+ \hideKeySignature
+ \time 3/4
+ \grg \partial 4 a8. d16
+ \slurd d2 \grg f8[ e32 d16.]
+ \grg f2 \grg f8 e
+ \thrwd d2 \grg b4
+ \grG a2 \grg a8. d16
+ \slurd d2 \grg f8[ e32 d16.]
+ \grg f2 \grg e8. f16
+ \dblA A2 \grg A4
+ \grg A2 f8. A16
+ \grg A2 \hdblf f8[ e32 d16.]
+ \grg f2 \grg f8 e
+ \thrwd d2 \grg b4
+ \grG a2 \grg a8. d16
+ \slurd d2 \grg f8[ e32 d16.]
+ \grg f2 e4
+ \thrwd d2.
+ \slurd d2
+ \bar "|."
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+
+@seealso
+@rlsr{Winds}.
+
+@node Woodwinds
+@subsection Woodwinds
+
+This section discusses notation specifically for woodwind instruments.
+
+@menu
+* Woodwind diagrams::
+@end menu
+
+@node Woodwind diagrams
+@subsubsection Woodwind diagrams
+
+Woodwind diagrams can be used to indicate the fingering to be used
+for specific notes and are available for the following instruments:
+
+@itemize
+@item piccolo
+@item flute
+@item oboe
+@item clarinet
+@item bass clarinet
+@item saxophone
+@item bassoon
+@item contrabassoon
+@end itemize
+
+@noindent
+Woodwind diagrams are created as markups:
+
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+c1^\markup {
+ \woodwind-diagram #'piccolo #'((lh . (gis))
+ (cc . (one three))
+ (rh . (ees)))
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+Keys can be open, partially-covered, ring-depressed, or fully covered:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\textLengthOn
+c1^\markup {
+ \center-column {
+ "one quarter"
+ \woodwind-diagram #'flute #'((cc . (one1q))
+ (lh . ())
+ (rh . ()))
+ }
+}
+
+c1^\markup {
+ \center-column {
+ "one half"
+ \woodwind-diagram #'flute #'((cc . (one1h))
+ (lh . ())
+ (rh . ()))
+ }
+}
+
+c1^\markup {
+ \center-column {
+ "three quarter"
+ \woodwind-diagram #'flute #'((cc . (one3q))
+ (lh . ())
+ (rh . ()))
+ }
+}
+
+c1^\markup {
+ \center-column {
+ "ring"
+ \woodwind-diagram #'flute #'((cc . (oneR))
+ (lh . ())
+ (rh . ()))
+ }
+}
+
+c1^\markup {
+ \center-column {
+ "full"
+ \woodwind-diagram #'flute #'((cc . (oneF two))
+ (lh . ())
+ (rh . ()))
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+Trills are indicated as shaded keys:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+c1^\markup {
+ \woodwind-diagram #'bass-clarinet
+ #'((cc . (threeT four))
+ (lh . ())
+ (rh . (b fis)))
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+A variety of trills can be displayed:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\textLengthOn
+c1^\markup {
+ \center-column {
+ "one quarter to ring"
+ \woodwind-diagram #'flute #'((cc . (one1qTR))
+ (lh . ())
+ (rh . ()))
+ }
+}
+
+c1^\markup {
+ \center-column {
+ "ring to shut"
+ \woodwind-diagram #'flute #'((cc . (oneTR))
+ (lh . ())
+ (rh . ()))
+ }
+}
+
+c1^\markup {
+ \center-column {
+ "ring to open"
+ \woodwind-diagram #'flute #'((cc . (oneRT))
+ (lh . ())
+ (rh . ()))
+ }
+}
+
+c1^\markup {
+ \center-column {
+ "open to shut"
+ \woodwind-diagram #'flute #'((cc . (oneT))
+ (lh . ())
+ (rh . ()))
+ }
+}
+
+c1^\markup {
+ \center-column {
+ "one quarter to three quarters"
+ \woodwind-diagram #'flute #'((cc . (one1qT3q))
+ (lh . ())
+ (rh . ()))
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+The list of all possible keys and settings for a given instrument
+can be displayed on the console or in the log file, although they
+will not show up in the music output:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+
+#(print-keys-verbose 'flute)
+
+@end lilypond
+
+New diagrams can be created by following the patterns in
+@file{scm/define-woodwind-diagrams.scm} and
+@file{scm/display-woodwind-diagrams.scm}. However, this will
+require Scheme ability and may not be accessible to all users.
+
+@predefined
+@endpredefined
+
+@snippets
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{woodwind-diagrams-listing.ly}
+
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{graphical-and-text-woodwind-diagrams.ly}
+
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{changing-the-size-of-woodwind-diagrams.ly}
+
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{woodwind-diagrams-key-lists.ly}
+
+@seealso
+
+Installed Files:
+@file{scm/define-woodwind-diagrams.scm},
+@file{scm/display-woodwind-diagrams.scm}.
+
+Snippets: @rlsr{Winds}.
+
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{TextScript},
+@rinternals{instrument-specific-markup-interface}.
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff