Guide, node Updating translation committishes..
@end ignore
-@c \version "2.14.0"
+@c \version "2.16.0"
@node Staff notation
@section Staff notation
-@lilypondfile[quote]{staff-headword.ly}
+@c The line width is a bit of a hack to allow space for the
+@c instrument names.
+@lilypondfile[quote,ragged-right,line-width=14.5\cm,staffsize=16]{staff-headword.ly}
This section explains how to influence the appearance of staves,
how to print scores with more than one staff, and how to add tempo
New single staff contexts may be defined. For details, see
@ref{Defining new contexts}.
-
@seealso
Music Glossary:
@rglos{staff},
@snippets
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
{use-square-bracket-at-the-start-of-a-staff-group.ly}
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
{display-bracket-with-only-one-staff-in-a-system.ly}
@cindex mensurstriche layout
@cindex transcription of mensural music
@cindex mensural music, transcription of
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
{mensurstriche-layout-bar-lines-between-the-staves.ly}
-
@seealso
Music Glossary:
@rglos{brace},
@snippets
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
{nesting-staves.ly}
-
@seealso
Notation Reference:
@ref{Grouping staves},
@rinternals{SystemStartBracket},
@rinternals{SystemStartSquare}.
+
@node Separating systems
@unnumberedsubsubsec Separating systems
@node Staff symbol
@unnumberedsubsubsec Staff symbol
-@cindex adjusting staff symbol
-@cindex drawing staff symbol
-@cindex staff symbol, setting of
-@cindex staff symbol, drawing
-@cindex stop staff lines
-@cindex start staff lines
-@cindex staff lines, amount of
-@cindex staff lines, number of
-@cindex staff line, thickness of
-@cindex amount of staff lines
-@cindex thickness of staff lines
-@cindex ledger lines, setting
-@cindex setting of ledger lines
-@cindex spacing of ledger lines
-@cindex number of staff lines
-
-The lines of a staff belong to the @code{StaffSymbol} grob.
-@code{StaffSymbol} properties can be modified to change the
-appearance of a staff, but they must be modified before the staff
-is created.
-
-The number of staff lines may be changed. The clef position and
-the position of middle C may need to be modified to fit the new
-staff. For an explanation, refer to the snippet section in
-@ref{Clef}.
+@cindex staff symbol
+@cindex staff lines, stopping and starting
+@cindex staff lines, modifying
+@cindex ledger lines
+@cindex ledger lines, internal
+@cindex ledger lines, modifying
+
+@funindex \startStaff
+@funindex startStaff
+@funindex \stopStaff
+@funindex stopStaff
+
+The @code{\stopStaff} and @code{\startStaff} commands can be used to
+stop or (re)start the staff lines respectively, from being printed at
+any point witin a score.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\new Staff \with {
- \override StaffSymbol #'line-count = #3
-}
-{ d4 d d d }
+\stopStaff f4 d \startStaff g, e
+f'4 d \stopStaff g, e
+f'4 d \startStaff g, e
+@end lilypond
+
+@predefined
+@code{\startStaff},
+@code{\stopStaff}.
+@endpredefined
+
+The lines of a staff belong to the @code{StaffSymbol} grob (including
+ledger lines) can be modified using @code{StaffSymbol} properties, but
+these modifications must be made before the staff is (re)started.
+
+The number of staff lines can be altered,
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+f4 d \stopStaff
+\override Staff.StaffSymbol #'line-count = #2
+\startStaff g, e |
+
+f'4 d \stopStaff
+\revert Staff.StaffSymbol #'line-count
+\startStaff g, e |
@end lilypond
-Staff line thickness can be modified. The thickness of ledger
-lines and stems are also affected, since they depend on staff line
-thickness.
+The position of each the staff lines can also be altered. The values
+used are @emph{half} staff line spaces and the new position is relative
+to the normal center line. A single staff line is printed for every
+value entered so that the number of staff lines, as well as their
+position in the staff, can be changed with a single override.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+f4 d \stopStaff
+\override Staff.StaffSymbol #'line-positions = #'(1 3 5 -1 -3)
+\startStaff g, e |
+f'4 d \stopStaff
+\override Staff.StaffSymbol #'line-positions = #'(8 6.5 -6 -8 -0.5)
+\startStaff g, e
+@end lilypond
+
+The clef position and the position of middle C may need to be adjusted
+accordingly to fit the new lines. See @ref{Clef}.
+
+Staff line thickness can be altered. Ledger lines and note stems, by
+default, are also affected.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
\new Staff \with {
\override StaffSymbol #'thickness = #3
}
-{ e4 d c b }
+{ f4 d g, e }
@end lilypond
-Ledger line thickness can be set independently of staff line
-thickness. In the example the two numbers are factors multiplying
-the staff line thickness and the staff line spacing. The two
-contributions are added to give the ledger line thickness.
+However, it is possible to set ledger line thickness independently of
+staff lines. The two values required multiply the staff line thickness
+with the staff line spacing and are then added together to give the
+ledger line thickness.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
\new Staff \with {
- \override StaffSymbol #'ledger-line-thickness = #'(1 . 0.2)
+ \override StaffSymbol #'thickness = #2
+ \override StaffSymbol #'ledger-line-thickness = #'(0.5 . 0.4)
}
-{ e4 d c b }
+{ f'4 a, a,, f }
@end lilypond
-The distance between staff lines can be changed. This setting
-affects the spacing of ledger lines as well.
+The vertical positions of ledger lines can be altered,
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
\new Staff \with {
- \override StaffSymbol #'staff-space = #1.5
+ \override StaffSymbol #'ledger-positions = #'(-3 -2 -1 2 5 6)
}
-{ a4 b c d }
+{ f'4 a, a,, f }
@end lilypond
-Further details about the properties of @code{StaffSymbol} can be
-found in @rinternals{staff-symbol-interface}.
-
-@cindex stopping a staff
-@cindex starting a staff
-@cindex staff, starting
-@cindex staff, stopping
-
-@funindex \startStaff
-@funindex startStaff
-@funindex \stopStaff
-@funindex stopStaff
-
-Modifications to staff properties in the middle of a score can be
-placed between @code{\stopStaff} and @code{\startStaff}:
+Additional ledger lines can be made to appear above or below note heads
+depending on the current position relative to other note heads that
+also have their own ledger lines.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-c2 c
-\stopStaff
-\override Staff.StaffSymbol #'line-count = #2
-\startStaff
-b2 b
-\stopStaff
-\revert Staff.StaffSymbol #'line-count
-\startStaff
-a2 a
+\new Staff \with {
+ \override StaffSymbol #'ledger-extra = #4
+}
+{ f'4 a, d, f, }
@end lilypond
-@noindent
-In general, @code{\startStaff} and @code{\stopStaff} can be used
-to stop or start a staff in the middle of a score.
+Legder lines can also be made to appear inside the staff where custom
+staff lines are required. The example shows the default position of
+ledger lines when the explicit @code{legder-position} is and is not set.
+The @code{stopStaff} is needed in the example to revert the
+@code{\override} for the whole @code{StaffSymbol}.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-c4 b a2
+@lilypond[fragment,quote,relative=1]
+\override Staff.StaffSymbol #'line-positions = #'(-8 0 2 4)
+d4 e f g
\stopStaff
-b4 c d2
\startStaff
-e4 d c2
+\override Staff.StaffSymbol #'ledger-positions = #'(-8 -6 (-4 -2) 0)
+d4 e f g
@end lilypond
+The distance between staff lines can be altered. This affects ledger
+line spacing as well.
-@predefined
-@code{\startStaff},
-@code{\stopStaff}.
-@endpredefined
-
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\new Staff \with {
+ \override StaffSymbol #'staff-space = #1.5
+}
+{ f'4 d, g, e, }
+@end lilypond
@snippets
-
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
{making-some-staff-lines-thicker-than-the-others.ly}
-
@seealso
Music Glossary:
@rglos{line},
@snippets
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
{vertically-aligning-ossias-and-lyrics.ly}
-
@seealso
Music Glossary:
@rglos{ossia},
@snippets
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
{removing-the-first-empty-line.ly}
-
@seealso
Music Glossary:
@rglos{Frenched staff}.
@rinternals{VerticalAxisGroup},
@rinternals{Staff_symbol_engraver}.
-
@knownissues
-
Removing @code{Staff_symbol_engraver} also hides bar lines. If
bar line visibility is forced, formatting errors may occur. In
this case, use the following overrides instead of removing the
@code{\Staff \RemoveEmptyStaves} see
@ref{Changing context default settings}.
+
@node Writing parts
@subsection Writing parts
of @code{shortInstrumentName} is used for all succeeding staves.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,relative=1]
-\set Staff.instrumentName = #"Violin "
-\set Staff.shortInstrumentName = #"Vln "
-c4.. g'16 c4.. g'16
-\break
-c1
+\new Staff \with {
+ instrumentName = #"Violin "
+ shortInstrumentName = #"Vln. "
+}
+{ c4.. g'16 c4.. g'16 \break | c1 }
@end lilypond
-Markup mode can be used to create more complicated instrument
-names:
+@cindex instrument names, complex
+
+@code{\markup} can be used to create more complex instrument names:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\set Staff.instrumentName = \markup {
- \column { "Clarinetti"
- \line { "in B" \smaller \flat } } }
-c4 c,16 d e f g2
+\new Staff \with {
+ instrumentName = \markup {
+ \column { "Clarinetti"
+ \line { "in B" \smaller \flat }
+ }
+ }
+}
+{ c4 c,16 d e f g2 }
@end lilypond
@cindex instrument names, centering
-When two or more staff contexts are grouped together, the
-instrument names and short instrument names are centered by
-default. To center multi-line instrument names,
-@code{\center-column} must be used:
+When two or more staff contexts are grouped together, the instrument
+names and short instrument names are centered by default. To center
+multi-line instrument names, @code{\center-column} must be used:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,indent=1.5\cm,relative=2]
<<
- \new Staff {
- \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Flute"
- f2 g4 f
+ \new Staff \with {
+ instrumentName = #"Flute"
}
- \new Staff {
- \set Staff.instrumentName = \markup \center-column {
- Clarinet
+ { f2 g4 f }
+ \new Staff \with {
+ instrumentName = \markup {
+ \center-column { "Clarinet" }
\line { "in B" \smaller \flat }
}
- c4 b c2
}
+ { c4 b c2 }
>>
@end lilypond
@funindex indent
@funindex short-indent
-However, if the instrument names are longer, the instrument names
-in a staff group may not be centered unless the @code{indent} and
-@code{short-indent} settings are increased. For details about
-these settings, see @ref{\paper variables for shifts and indents}.
+However, if the instrument names are longer, the instrument names in a
+staff group may not be centered unless the @code{indent} and
+@code{short-indent} settings are increased. For details about these
+settings, see @ref{\paper variables for shifts and indents}.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
+\relative c'' {
+ <<
+ \new Staff \with {
+ instrumentName = #"Alto Flute in G"
+ shortInstrumentName = #"Flt."
+ }
+ {
+ f2 g4 f \break
+ g4 f g2
+ }
+ \new Staff \with {
+ instrumentName = #"Clarinet"
+ shortInstrumentName = #"Clar."
+ }
+ {
+ c,4 b c2 \break
+ c2 b4 c
+ }
+ >>
+}
+
\layout {
indent = 3.0\cm
short-indent = 1.5\cm
}
-
-\relative c'' <<
- \new Staff {
- \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Alto Flute in G"
- \set Staff.shortInstrumentName = #"Fl."
- f2 g4 f \break
- g4 f g2
- }
- \new Staff {
- \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Clarinet"
- \set Staff.shortInstrumentName = #"Clar."
- c,4 b c2 \break
- c2 b4 c
- }
->>
@end lilypond
@cindex instrument names, adding to other contexts
-To add instrument names to other contexts (such as
-@code{ChordNames} or @code{FiguredBass}),
-@code{Instrument_name_engraver} must be added to that context.
-For details, see @ref{Modifying context plug-ins}.
+To add instrument names to other contexts (such as @code{ChordNames} or
+@code{FiguredBass}), @code{Instrument_name_engraver} must be added to
+that context. For details, see @ref{Modifying context plug-ins}.
@cindex instrument names, changing
@cindex changing instrument names
-Instrument names may be changed in the middle of a piece.
-However, remember that @code{instrumentName} will not be
-displayed in the middle of the piece, as it only appears
-on the first staff:
+The @code{shortInstrumentName} may be changed in the middle of a piece.
+However, only the first instance of @code{instrumentName} will be
+printed and subsequent changes will be ignored:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,relative=1]
-\set Staff.instrumentName = #"First"
-\set Staff.shortInstrumentName = #"one"
-c1 c c c \break
-c1 c c c \break
-\set Staff.instrumentName = #"Second"
-\set Staff.shortInstrumentName = #"two"
-c1 c c c \break
-c1 c c c \break
+\new Staff \with {
+ instrumentName = #"Flute"
+ shortInstrumentName = #"Flt."
+}
+{
+ c1 c c c \break
+ c1 c c c \break
+ \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Clarinet"
+ \set Staff.shortInstrumentName = #"Clt."
+ c1 c c c \break
+ c1 c c c \break
+}
@end lilypond
@cindex instrument switch
}
@end lilypond
-
@seealso
Notation Reference:
@ref{\paper variables for shifts and indents},
}
@end lilypond
+@cindex note-event
+@cindex articulation-event
+@cindex dynamic-event
+@cindex rest-event
+@cindex slur-event
+@cindex crescendo-event
+
+@funindex quotedEventTypes
+@funindex quotedCueEventTypes
+
By default quoted music will include all articulations, dynamics,
markups, etc., in the quoted expression. It is possible to choose which
of these objects from the quoted music are displayed by using the
Quotes can also be tagged, see @ref{Using tags}.
-@snippets
-
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
-{quoting-another-voice-with-transposition.ly}
-
-@cindex note-event
-@cindex articulation-event
-@cindex dynamic-event
-@cindex rest-event
-
-@funindex quotedEventTypes
-@funindex quotedCueEventTypes
-
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
-{quoting-another-voice.ly}
-
-
@seealso
Notation Reference:
@ref{Instrument transpositions},
@ref{Using tags}.
+Installed Files:
+@file{scm/define-event-classes.scm}.
+
Snippets:
@rlsr{Staff notation}.
@rinternals{QuoteMusic},
@rinternals{Voice}.
-Installed Files:
-@file{scm/define-event-classes.scm}.
-
-
@knownissues
-
Only the contents of the first @code{Voice} occurring in an
-@code{\addQuote} command will be considered for quotation, so
-@code{@var{music}} cannot contain @code{\new} and
-@code{\context Voice} statements that would switch to a different
-Voice.
-
-Quoting grace notes is broken and can even cause LilyPond to
-crash.
-
-Quoting nested triplets may result in poor notation.
-
-In earlier versions of LilyPond (pre 2.11), @code{addQuote} was
-written entirely in lower-case letters: @code{\addquote}.
+@code{\addQuote} command will be considered for quotation, so if the music
+expression contains @code{\new} or @code{\context Voice}
+statements, their contents will not be quoted. Quoting grace notes
+is unsupported and may cause LilyPond to crash whereas quoting nested
+triplets may result in poor notation.
@node Formatting cue notes
The @code{\cueClef} command can also be used with an explict
@code{CueVoice} context if a change of clef is required and will print
-an appropriately sized clef for the cue notes. The @code{\cueClefUnset}
+an appropriately sized clef for the cue notes. The @code{\cueClefUnset}
command can then be used to switch back to the original clef, again with
an appropriately sized clef.
For more complex cue note placement, e.g including transposition, or
inserting cue notes from multiple music sources the @code{\cueDuring} or
-@code{\cueDuringWithClef} commands can be used. These are more
+@code{\cueDuringWithClef} commands can be used. These are more
specialized form of @code{\quoteDuring}, see @ref{Quoting other voices}
in the previous section.
@end example
The music from the corresponding measures of the @code{@var{quote name}}
-is added as @code{CueVoice} context and occurs simultaneously with the
-@code{@var{music}}, which creates a polyphonic situation. The
+is added as a @code{CueVoice} context and occurs simultaneously with the
+@code{@var{music}}, which then creates a polyphonic situation. The
@code{@var{direction}} takes the argument @code{UP} or @code{DOWN}, and
-corresponds to first and second voices respectively determining how
+corresponds to the first and second voices respectively, determining how
the cue notes are printed in relation to the other voice.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
oboeNotes = \relative c'' {
R1
- s1*0^\markup { \tiny "flute" }
+ \new CueVoice { \set instrumentCueName = "flute" }
\cueDuring #"flute" #UP { R1 }
g2 c,
}
@end lilypond
@noindent
-In the above example, the @code{Voice} context had to be
-explicitly declared, or else the entire music expression would
-belong to the @code{CueVoice} context.
+
It is possible to adjust which aspects of the music are quoted with
@code{\cueDuring} by setting the @code{quotedCueEventTypes}
-property. Its default value is @code{#'(note-event rest-event
+property. Its default value is @code{'(note-event rest-event
tie-event beam-event tuplet-span-event)}, which means that only
notes, rests, ties, beams and tuplets are quoted, but not
articulations, dynamic marks, markup etc.
+@warning{When a @code{Voice} starts with @code{\cueDuring}, as in the
+following example, the @code{Voice} context must be explicitly declared,
+or else the entire music expression would belong to the @code{CueVoice}
+context.}
+
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-oboe = \relative c'' {
+oboeNotes = \relative c'' {
r2 r8 d16(\f f e g f a)
g8 g16 g g2.
}
-\addQuote "oboe" { \oboe }
+\addQuote "oboe" { \oboeNotes }
\new Voice \relative c'' {
\set Score.quotedCueEventTypes = #'(note-event rest-event tie-event
}
@end lilypond
-Markup can be used to show the name of the quoted instrument. Also,
-if the cue notes require a change in clef, the original clef should
-be restored at the end of the cue notes.
+The name of the instrument playing the cue can be printed by setting
+the @code{instrumentCueName} property in a temporary @code{CueVoice}
+context. The placement and style of the @code{instrumentCueName} is
+controlled by the @code{\instrumentSwitch} object, see
+@ref{Instrument names}. If the cue notes require a change in clef,
+this can be done manually but the original clef should also be
+restored manually at the end of the cue notes.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
fluteNotes = \relative c'' {
\clef bass
R1
\clef treble
- s1*0^\markup { \tiny "flute" }
+ \new CueVoice { \set instrumentCueName = "flute" }
\cueDuring #"flute" #UP { R1 }
\clef bass
g4. b8 d2
}
@end lilypond
-@cindex removing cues
-@cindex removing cue notes
-@cindex cue notes, removing
-
-@funindex \killCues
-@funindex killCues
-
-The @code{\killCues} command removes cue notes from a music
-expression, so the same music expression can be used to produce
-the instrument part with cues and the score. The @code{\killCues}
-command removes only the notes and events that were quoted by
-@code{\cueDuring}. Other markup associated with cues, such as clef
-changes and a label identifying the source instrument, can be
-tagged for selective inclusion in the score; see @ref{Using tags}.
+Alternatively, the @code{\cueDuringWithClef} function can be used
+instead. This command takes an extra argument to specify the change of
+clef that needs to be printed for the cue notes but will automatically
+print the original clef once the cue notes have finished.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
fluteNotes = \relative c'' {
bassoonNotes = \relative c {
\clef bass
R1
- \tag #'part {
- \clef treble
- s1*0^\markup { \tiny "flute" }
- }
- \cueDuring #"flute" #UP { R1 }
- \tag #'part \clef bass
+ \new CueVoice { \set instrumentCueName = "flute" }
+ \cueDuringWithClef #"flute" #UP #"treble" { R1 }
g4. b8 d2
}
\new Staff {
\bassoonNotes
}
-\new StaffGroup <<
- \new Staff {
- \fluteNotes
- }
- \new Staff {
- \removeWithTag #'part { \killCues { \bassoonNotes } }
- }
->>
@end lilypond
-Alternatively, Clef changes and instrument labels can be
-collected into an instrument definition for repeated use, using
-@code{\addInstrumentDefinition} described in
-@ref{Instrument names}.
-
@funindex \transposedCueDuring
@funindex transposedCueDuring
taking cues from an instrument in a completely different register.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-piccolo = \relative c''' {
+piccoloNotes = \relative c''' {
\clef "treble^8"
R1
c8 c c e g2
d4 r a r
}
-\addQuote "piccolo" { \piccolo }
+\addQuote "piccolo" { \piccoloNotes }
<<
- \new Staff \piccolo
+ \new Staff \piccoloNotes
\new Staff \bassClarinetNotes
>>
@end lilypond
R1
\tag #'part {
\clef treble
- s1*0^\markup { \tiny "flute" }
+ \new CueVoice { \set instrumentCueName = "flute" }
}
\cueDuring #"flute" #UP { R1 }
\tag #'part \clef bass
collected into an instrument definition for repeated use, using
@code{\addInstrumentDefinition} described in @ref{Instrument names}.
-
@seealso
Notation Reference:
@ref{Quoting other voices},
@ref{Instrument transpositions},
@ref{Instrument names},
+@ref{Clef},
@ref{Musical cues},
@ref{Using tags}.
@rinternals{CueVoice},
@rinternals{Voice}.
-
@knownissues
-
Collisions can occur with rests, when using @code{\cueDuring},
-between @code{Voice} and @code{CueVoice} contexts.
+between @code{Voice} and @code{CueVoice} contexts. When using
+@code{\cueDuringWithClef} or @code{\transposedCueDuring} the extra
+argument required for each case must come after the quote and the
+direction.
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff