--- /dev/null
+@c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
+@ignore
+ Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
+
+ When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the
+ version that you are working on. For details, see the Contributors'
+ Guide, node Updating translation committishes..
+@end ignore
+
+@c \version "2.14.0"
+
+@node Percussion
+@section Percussion
+
+@menu
+* Common notation for percussion::
+@end menu
+
+@node Common notation for percussion
+@subsection Common notation for percussion
+
+Rhythmic music is primarily used for percussion and drum notation, but it can
+also be used to show the rhythms of melodies.
+
+@menu
+* References for percussion::
+* Basic percussion notation::
+* Drum rolls::
+* Pitched percussion::
+* Percussion staves::
+* Custom percussion staves::
+* Ghost notes::
+@end menu
+
+@node References for percussion
+@unnumberedsubsubsec References for percussion
+
+@c TODO add more references.
+
+@itemize
+
+@item Some percussion may be notated on a rhythmic staff; this is
+discussed in @ref{Showing melody rhythms}, and
+@ref{Instantiating new staves}.
+
+@item MIDI output is discussed in a separate section; please see
+@ref{Percussion in MIDI}.
+
+@end itemize
+
+
+@seealso
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Showing melody rhythms},
+@ref{Instantiating new staves}.
+@ref{Percussion in MIDI}.
+
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Percussion}.
+
+
+@node Basic percussion notation
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Basic percussion notation
+
+@cindex percussion
+@cindex drums
+
+Percussion notes may be entered in @code{\drummode} mode, which is
+similar to the standard mode for entering notes. The simplest way
+to enter percussion notes is to use the @code{\drums} command,
+which creates the correct context and entry mode for percussion:
+
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
+\drums {
+ hihat4 hh bassdrum bd
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+This is shorthand for:
+
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
+\new DrumStaff {
+ \drummode {
+ hihat4 hh bassdrum bd
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+Each piece of percussion has a full name and an abbreviated name,
+and both can be used in input files. The full list of percussion
+note names may be found in @ref{Percussion notes}.
+
+@cindex clef, percussion
+@cindex percussion clef
+
+Note that the normal notation of pitches (such as @code{cis4}) in a
+@code{DrumStaff} context will cause an error message. Percussion clefs
+are added automatically to a @code{DrumStaff} context but they can also
+be set explicitly. Other clefs may be used as well.
+
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
+\drums {
+ \clef treble
+ hh4 hh hh hh
+ \break
+ \clef percussion
+ bd4 bd bd bd
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+
+There are a few issues concerning MIDI support for percussion
+instruments; for details please see @ref{Percussion in MIDI}.
+
+
+@seealso
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Percussion in MIDI},
+@ref{Percussion notes}.
+
+File:
+@file{ly/drumpitch-init.ly}
+
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Percussion}.
+
+
+@node Drum rolls
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Drum rolls
+
+Drum rolls are indicated with three slashes across the stem. For
+quarter notes or longer the three slashes are shown explicitly,
+eighth notes are shown with two slashes (the beam being the
+third), and drum rolls shorter than eighths have one stem slash to
+supplement the beams. This is achieved with the tremolo notation,
+@code{:32}, as described in @ref{Tremolo repeats}. Here is an
+example of some snare rolls:
+
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
+\drums {
+ \time 2/4
+ sn16 sn8 sn16 sn8 sn8:32 ~
+ sn8 sn8 sn4:32 ~
+ sn4 sn8 sn16 sn16
+ sn4 r4
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+Sticking can be indicated by placing @code{^"R"} or @code{^"L"}
+after the note. The @code{staff-padding} property may be
+overridden to achieve a pleasing baseline.
+
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
+\drums {
+ \repeat unfold 2 {
+ sn16 ^"L" sn^"R" sn^"L" sn^"L" sn^"R" sn^"L" sn^"R" sn^"R"
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+
+@seealso
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Percussion}.
+
+
+@node Pitched percussion
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Pitched percussion
+
+Certain pitched percussion instruments (e.g. xylophone,
+vibraphone, and timpani) are written using normal staves.
+This is covered in other sections of the manual.
+
+
+@seealso
+@c TODO: possibly link to an alternate section of NR 3.5, if
+@c "percussion in MIDI" gets a separate subsubsection for
+@c pitched percussion sounds. -gp
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Percussion in MIDI}.
+
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Percussion}.
+
+
+@node Percussion staves
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Percussion staves
+
+@cindex percussion
+@cindex drums
+
+A percussion part for more than one instrument typically uses a
+multiline staff where each position in the staff refers to one
+piece of percussion. To typeset the music, the notes must be
+interpreted in @code{DrumStaff} and @code{DrumVoice} context.
+
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
+up = \drummode {
+ crashcymbal4 hihat8 halfopenhihat hh hh hh openhihat
+}
+down = \drummode {
+ bassdrum4 snare8 bd r bd sn4
+}
+\new DrumStaff <<
+ \new DrumVoice { \voiceOne \up }
+ \new DrumVoice { \voiceTwo \down }
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
+The above example shows verbose polyphonic notation. The short
+polyphonic notation, described in @rlearning{I'm hearing Voices},
+can also be used.
+For example,
+
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
+\new DrumStaff <<
+ \drummode {
+ bd4 sn4 bd4 sn4
+ << {
+ \repeat unfold 16 hh16
+ } \\ {
+ bd4 sn4 bd4 sn4
+ } >>
+ }
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
+There are also other layout possibilities. To use these, set the
+property @code{drumStyleTable} in context @code{DrumVoice}. The
+following variables have been predefined:
+
+@c TODO: decide what to do about this table. (ie verbatim or not)
+@table @code
+
+@item drums-style
+This is the default. It typesets a typical drum kit on a
+five-line staff:
+
+@lilypond[quote,line-width=10.0\cm]
+nam = \lyricmode {
+ cymc cyms cymr hh hhc hho hhho hhp
+ cb hc bd sn ss tomh tommh tomml toml tomfh tomfl }
+mus = \drummode {
+ cymc cyms cymr hh hhc hho hhho hhp \break
+ cb hc bd sn ss tomh tommh tomml toml tomfh tomfl s16 }
+\score {
+ << \new DrumStaff \with {
+ \remove Bar_engraver
+ \remove Time_signature_engraver
+ \override Stem #'transparent = ##t
+ \override Stem #'Y-extent = ##f
+ } \mus
+ \new Lyrics \nam
+ >>
+ \layout {
+ \context {
+ \Score
+ \override LyricText #'font-family = #'typewriter
+ \override BarNumber #'transparent =##T
+ }
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+The drum scheme supports six different toms. When there are fewer
+toms, simply select the toms that produce the desired result. For
+example, to get toms on the three middle lines you use
+@code{tommh}, @code{tomml}, and @code{tomfh}.
+
+@item timbales-style
+This typesets timbales on a two line staff:
+
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
+nam = \lyricmode { timh ssh timl ssl cb }
+mus = \drummode { timh ssh timl ssl cb s16 }
+
+<<
+ \new DrumStaff \with {
+ \remove Bar_engraver
+ \remove Time_signature_engraver
+ \override Stem #'transparent = ##t
+ \override Stem #'Y-extent = ##f
+ \override StaffSymbol #'line-count = #2
+ \override StaffSymbol #'staff-space = #2
+ \override VerticalAxisGroup #'minimum-Y-extent = #'(-3.0 . 4.0)
+ drumStyleTable = #timbales-style
+ } \mus
+ \new Lyrics {
+ \override LyricText #'font-family = #'typewriter
+ \nam
+ }
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
+@item congas-style
+This typesets congas on a two line staff:
+
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
+nam = \lyricmode { cgh cgho cghm ssh cgl cglo cglm ssl }
+mus = \drummode { cgh cgho cghm ssh cgl cglo cglm ssl s16 }
+
+<<
+ \new DrumStaff \with {
+ \remove Bar_engraver
+ \remove Time_signature_engraver
+ drumStyleTable = #congas-style
+ \override StaffSymbol #'line-count = #2
+
+ %% this sucks; it will lengthen stems.
+ \override StaffSymbol #'staff-space = #2
+ \override Stem #'transparent = ##t
+ \override Stem #'Y-extent = ##f
+ } \mus
+ \new Lyrics {
+ \override LyricText #'font-family = #'typewriter
+ \nam
+ }
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
+@item bongos-style
+This typesets bongos on a two line staff:
+
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
+nam = \lyricmode { boh boho bohm ssh bol bolo bolm ssl }
+mus = \drummode { boh boho bohm ssh bol bolo bolm ssl s16 }
+
+<<
+ \new DrumStaff \with {
+ \remove Bar_engraver
+ \remove Time_signature_engraver
+ \override StaffSymbol #'line-count = #2
+ drumStyleTable = #bongos-style
+
+ %% this sucks; it will lengthen stems.
+ \override StaffSymbol #'staff-space = #2
+ \override Stem #'transparent = ##t
+ \override Stem #'Y-extent = ##f
+ } \mus
+ \new Lyrics {
+ \override LyricText #'font-family = #'typewriter
+ \nam
+ }
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
+@item percussion-style
+To typeset all kinds of simple percussion on one line staves:
+
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
+nam = \lyricmode { tri trio trim gui guis guil cb cl tamb cab mar hc }
+mus = \drummode { tri trio trim gui guis guil cb cl tamb cab mar hc s16 }
+
+<<
+ \new DrumStaff \with{
+ \remove Bar_engraver
+ drumStyleTable = #percussion-style
+ \override StaffSymbol #'line-count = #1
+ \remove Time_signature_engraver
+ \override Stem #'transparent = ##t
+ \override Stem #'Y-extent = ##f
+ } \mus
+ \new Lyrics {
+ \override LyricText #'font-family = #'typewriter
+ \nam
+ }
+>>
+@end lilypond
+@end table
+
+
+@node Custom percussion staves
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Custom percussion staves
+
+If you do not like any of the predefined lists you can define your
+own list at the top of your file.
+
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
+#(define mydrums '(
+ (bassdrum default #f -1)
+ (snare default #f 0)
+ (hihat cross #f 1)
+ (halfopenhihat cross "halfopen" 1)
+ (pedalhihat xcircle "stopped" 2)
+ (lowtom diamond #f 3)))
+up = \drummode { hh8 hh hhho hhho hhp4 hhp }
+down = \drummode { bd4 sn bd toml8 toml }
+
+\new DrumStaff <<
+ \set DrumStaff.drumStyleTable = #(alist->hash-table mydrums)
+ \new DrumVoice { \voiceOne \up }
+ \new DrumVoice { \voiceTwo \down }
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
+
+@snippets
+
+@c TODO: MOVE ALL THESE TO LSR! -gp
+
+Here are some examples:
+
+Two Woodblocks, entered with wbh (high woodblock) and wbl (low woodblock)
+
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
+% These lines define the position of the woodblocks in the stave;
+% if you like, you can change it or you can use special note heads
+% for the woodblocks.
+#(define mydrums '((hiwoodblock default #t 3)
+ (lowoodblock default #t -2)))
+
+woodstaff = {
+ % This defines a staff with only two lines.
+ % It also defines the positions of the two lines.
+ \override Staff.StaffSymbol #'line-positions = #'(-2 3)
+
+ % This is necessary; if not entered, the barline would be too short!
+ \override Staff.BarLine #'bar-extent = #'(-1.5 . 1.5)
+}
+
+\new DrumStaff {
+ \set DrumStaff.drumStyleTable = #(alist->hash-table mydrums)
+
+ % with this you load your new drum style table
+ \woodstaff
+
+ \drummode {
+ \time 2/4
+ wbl8 wbl16 wbl wbh8-> wbl |
+ wbl8 wbl16 wbh-> ~ wbh wbl16 r8 |
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+Note that in this special case the length of the barline must
+altered with @code{\override Staff.BarLine #'bar-extent #'(from . to)}.
+Otherwise it would be too short. And you have also to define the
+positions of the two stafflines. For more information about these
+delicate things have a look at @ref{Staff symbol}.
+
+A tambourine, entered with @q{tamb}:
+
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
+#(define mydrums '((tambourine default #t 0)))
+
+tambustaff = {
+ \override Staff.StaffSymbol #'line-positions = #'( 0 )
+ \override Staff.BarLine #'bar-extent = #'(-1.5 . 1.5)
+ \set DrumStaff.instrumentName = #"Tambourine"
+}
+
+\new DrumStaff {
+ \tambustaff
+ \set DrumStaff.drumStyleTable = #(alist->hash-table mydrums)
+
+ \drummode {
+ \time 6/8
+ tamb8. tamb16 tamb8 tamb tamb tamb |
+ tamb4. tamb8 tamb tamb |
+ % the trick with the scaled duration and the shorter rest
+ % is neccessary for the correct ending of the trill-span!
+ tamb2.*5/6 \startTrillSpan s8 \stopTrillSpan |
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+Music for Tam-Tam (entered with @q{tt}):
+
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
+#(define mydrums '((tamtam default #t 0)))
+
+tamtamstaff = {
+ \override Staff.StaffSymbol #'line-positions = #'( 0 )
+ \override Staff.BarLine #'bar-extent = #'(-1.5 . 1.5)
+ \set DrumStaff.instrumentName = #"Tamtam"
+}
+
+\new DrumStaff {
+ \tamtamstaff
+ \set DrumStaff.drumStyleTable = #(alist->hash-table mydrums)
+
+ \drummode {
+ tt 1 \pp \laissezVibrer
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+Two different bells, entered with @q{cb} (cowbell) and @q{rb} (ridebell)
+
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
+#(define mydrums '((ridebell default #t 3)
+ (cowbell default #t -2)))
+
+bellstaff = {
+ \override DrumStaff.StaffSymbol #'line-positions = #'(-2 3)
+ \set DrumStaff.drumStyleTable = #(alist->hash-table mydrums)
+ \override Staff.BarLine #'bar-extent = #'(-1.5 . 1.5)
+ \set DrumStaff.instrumentName = #"Different Bells"
+}
+
+\new DrumStaff {
+ \bellstaff
+ \drummode {
+ \time 2/4
+ rb8 rb cb cb16 rb-> ~ |
+ rb16 rb8 rb16 cb8 cb |
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+Here a short example taken from Stravinsky's @q{L'histoire du Soldat}.
+
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
+#(define mydrums '((bassdrum default #t 4)
+ (snare default #t -4)
+ (tambourine default #t 0)))
+
+global = {
+ \time 3/8 s4.
+ \time 2/4 s2*2
+ \time 3/8 s4.
+ \time 2/4 s2
+}
+
+drumsA = {
+ \context DrumVoice <<
+ { \global }
+ { \drummode {
+ \autoBeamOff
+ \stemDown sn8 \stemUp tamb s8 |
+ sn4 \stemDown sn4 |
+ \stemUp tamb8 \stemDown sn8 \stemUp sn16 \stemDown sn \stemUp sn8 |
+ \stemDown sn8 \stemUp tamb s8 |
+ \stemUp sn4 s8 \stemUp tamb
+ }
+ }
+ >>
+}
+
+drumsB = {
+ \drummode {
+ s4 bd8 s2*2 s4 bd8 s4 bd8 s8
+ }
+}
+
+\layout {
+ indent = #40
+}
+
+\score {
+ \new StaffGroup <<
+ \new DrumStaff {
+ \set DrumStaff.instrumentName = \markup {
+ \column {
+ "Tambourine"
+ "et"
+ "caisse claire s. timbre"
+ }
+ }
+ \set DrumStaff.drumStyleTable = #(alist->hash-table mydrums)
+ \drumsA
+ }
+
+ \new DrumStaff {
+ \set DrumStaff.instrumentName = #"Grosse Caisse"
+ \set DrumStaff.drumStyleTable = #(alist->hash-table mydrums)
+ \drumsB }
+ >>
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+
+@seealso
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Percussion}.
+
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{DrumStaff},
+@rinternals{DrumVoice}.
+
+
+@c TODO: check name -gp
+@node Ghost notes
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Ghost notes
+
+Ghost notes for drums and percussion may be created using the
+@code{\parenthesize} command detailed in @ref{Parentheses}.
+However, the default @code{\drummode} does not include the
+@code{Parenthesis_engraver} plugin which allows this.
+
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
+\new DrumStaff \with {
+ \consists "Parenthesis_engraver"
+}
+<<
+ \context DrumVoice = "1" { s1 }
+ \context DrumVoice = "2" { s1 }
+ \drummode {
+ <<
+ {
+ hh8[ hh] <hh sn> hh16
+ < \parenthesize sn > hh
+ < \parenthesize sn > hh8 <hh sn> hh
+ } \\
+ {
+ bd4 r4 bd8 bd r8 bd
+ }
+ >>
+ }
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
+@noindent
+Also note that you must add chords (@code{< >} brackets)
+around each @code{\parenthesize} statement.
+
+
+@seealso
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Percussion}.
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