1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
3 Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
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11 @node Unfretted string instruments
12 @section Unfretted string instruments
14 @lilypondfile[quote]{unfretted-strings-headword.ly}
16 @cindex orchestral strings
17 @cindex strings, writing for
19 This section provides information and references which are helpful
20 when writing for unfretted string instruments, principally
24 * Common notation for unfretted strings::
27 @node Common notation for unfretted strings
28 @subsection Common notation for unfretted strings
30 There is little specialist notation for unfretted string
31 instruments. The music is notated on a single staff, and
32 usually only a single voice is required. Two voices might
33 be required for some double-stopped or divisi passages.
36 * References for unfretted strings::
37 * Bowing indications::
39 * Snap (Bartok) pizzicato::
42 @node References for unfretted strings
43 @unnumberedsubsubsec References for unfretted strings
45 Most of the notation which is useful for orchestral strings
46 and other bowed instruments is covered elsewhere:
50 @item Texual indications such as @qq{pizz.} and @qq{arco} are
51 added as simple text -- see @ref{Text scripts}.
53 @item Fingerings, including the thumb indication, are described
54 in @ref{Fingering instructions}.
56 @item Double stopping is normally indicated by writing a chord,
57 see @ref{Chorded notes}. Directives for playing chords may be
58 added, see @ref{Arpeggio}.
60 @item A template for a string quartet can be found in
61 @rlearning{String quartet}. Others are shown in the snippets.
67 @rlearning{String quartet}.
71 @ref{Fingering instructions},
76 @rlsr{Unfretted strings}.
78 @node Bowing indications
79 @unnumberedsubsubsec Bowing indications
84 @cindex bowing indications
85 @cindex up bow indication
86 @cindex down bow indication
88 Bowing indications are created as articulations, which are
89 described in @ref{Articulations and ornamentations}. The
90 bowing commands, @code{\upbow} and @code{\downbow}, are used with
93 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
94 c4(\downbow d) e(\upbow f)
101 @ref{Articulations and ornamentations},
105 @unnumberedsubsubsec Harmonics
109 @strong{@i{Natural harmonics}}
111 @cindex natural harmonics
112 @cindex harmonics, natural
114 Natural harmonics can be notated in several ways. A diamond-shaped
115 note head generally means to touch the string where you would stop
116 the note if it were not a diamond.
118 @warning{Harmonics @strong{must} be defined inside a chord
119 construct even if there is only a single note.}
121 @c TODO If the default for harmonicDots is changed, change this
122 Dotted harmonics indicated with @code{\harmonic} do not show the
123 dots. The context property @code{harmonicDots} should be set if
126 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
127 <d\harmonic>4 <e\harmonic>2.
128 \set harmonicDots = ##t
129 <d\harmonic>4 <e\harmonic>2.
132 Alternatively a normal note head is shown at the pitch to be
133 sounded together with a small circle to indicate it should be
134 played as a harmonic:
136 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
137 d2^\flageolet d_\flageolet
140 A smaller circle may be created, see the snippet list in
141 @ref{References for unfretted strings}.
143 @strong{@i{Artificial harmonics}}
145 @cindex artificial harmonics
146 @cindex harmonics, artifical
148 Artificial harmonics are notated with two notes, one with a normal
149 note head indicating the stopped position and one with an open
150 diamond note head to indicate the harmonic position.
152 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
153 <e a\harmonic>2 <c g'\harmonic>
161 @ref{Special note heads},
162 @ref{References for unfretted strings}.
164 @node Snap (Bartok) pizzicato
165 @unnumberedsubsubsec Snap (Bartók) pizzicato
167 @cindex pizzicato, Bartók
168 @cindex pizzicato, snap
169 @cindex Bartók pizzicato
170 @cindex snap pizzicato
174 @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
175 {snap-pizzicato-markup-bartok-pizzicato.ly}