2 \documentclass{article}
4 \title{LilyPond feature test}
5 \author{Han-Wen Nienhuys}
9 This document tries give an brief overview of LilyPond features. When
10 the text correspond with the shown notation, we consider LilyPond
11 Officially BugFree (tm).
13 \section{Notes and rests}
15 Rests. Note that the dot of 8th, 16th and 32nd rests rest should be
16 next to the top of the rest. All rests except the whole rest are
17 centered on the middle staff line.
21 Note head shapes are settable. The stem endings should be adjusted
22 per note head. If you want different note head styles on one stem,
23 you must create a special context called Thread.
25 \mudelafile{noteheadstyle.ly}
27 Multiple measure rests do not collide with barlines and clefs. They
28 are not expanded when you set \verb+Score.SkipBars+. Although the
29 multi-measure-rest is a Spanner, minimum distances are set to keep it
30 colliding from barlines.
32 \mudelafile{multi-measure-rest.ly}
36 Stem tremolos (official naming?) or rolls are tremolo signs that look
37 like beam segments crossing stems. If the stem is in a beam, the
38 tremolo must be parallel to the beam. If the stem is invisible
39 (eg. on a whole note), the tremolo must be centered on the note.
41 \mudelafile{stem-tremolo.ly}
43 Beams, stems and noteheads often have communication troubles, since
44 the two systems for y dimensions (1 unit = staffspace, 1 unit = 1
49 Grace notes are typeset as an encapsulated piece of music. You can
50 have beams, notes, chords, stems etc. within a \verb|\grace|
51 section. Slurs that start within a grace section, but aren't ended are
52 attached to the next normal note. Grace notes have zero duration
59 \section{Beams, slurs and other spanners}
61 Beaming is generated automatically. Beams may cross bar lines. In that
62 case, line breaks are forbidden. Yet clef and key signatures are
63 hidden just as with breakable bar lines.
65 \mudelafile{beaming.ly}
67 %Beams should not interfere with various items on the staff (amongst
70 % \mud elafile{beam-repeat.ly}
72 Beams can be typeset over fixed distance aligned staffs, beam
73 beautification doesn't really work, but knees do. Beams should be
74 behave well, wherever the switching point is.
76 \mudelafile{beam-interstaff.ly}
78 The same goes for slurs. They behave decently when broken across
81 \mudelafile{slur-interstaff.ly}
83 Tuplets are indicated by a bracket with a number. There should be no
84 bracket if there is one beam that matches the length of the tuplet.
85 The bracket does not interfere with the stafflines, and the number is
86 centered in the gap in the bracket.
92 LilyPond has three modes for repeats: folded, unfolded and
93 semi-unfolded. Unfolded repeats are fully written out. Semi unfolded
94 repeats have the body written and all alternatives sequentially.
95 Folded repeats have the body written and all alternatives
96 simultaneously. If the number of alternatives is larger than the
97 repeat count, the excess alternatives are ignored. If the number of
98 alternatives is smaller, the first alternative is multiplied to get to
99 the number of repeats.
103 \mudelafile{repeat-unfold.ly}
105 Semi (un)folded behavior. Voltas can start on non-barline moments.
107 \mudelafile{repeat-semifold.ly}
109 Folded. This doesn't make sense without alternatives, but it works.
111 \mudelafile{repeat-fold.ly}
113 \section{Multiple notes}
115 Rests should not collide with beams, stems and noteheads. Rests may
116 be under beams. Rests should be move by integral number of spaces
117 inside the staff, and by half spaces outside. Notice that the half
118 and whole rests just outside the staff get ledger lines in different
121 \mudelafile{rest-collision.ly}
123 Normal collisions. We have support for four voice polyphony, where the
124 middle voices are horizontally shifted in a limited number of cases.
126 \mudelafile{collisions.ly}
128 The number of stafflines of a staff can be set with the property
129 numberOfStaffLines. Ledger lines both on note heads and rests are
130 adjusted. Barlines also are adjusted.
133 \mudelafile{number-staff-lines.fly}
137 In a limited number of cases, LilyPond corrects for optical spacing
138 effects. In this example, space for opposite pointed stems is adjusted
140 \mudelafile{stem-spacing.sly}
142 \section{Global stuff}
144 Markings that are attached to (invisible) barlines are
145 delicate: the are attached to the rest of the score without the score
146 knowing it. Consequently, they fall over often.
148 \mudelafile{bar-scripts.ly}
150 Staff margins are also markings attached to barlines. They should be
151 left otf the staff, and be centered vertically wrt the staff. They
152 may be on normal staffs, but also on compound staffs, like the
155 \mudelafile{staff-margin.ly}
157 Breathing signs, also used for phrasing, do normally not influence
158 global spacing -- only if space gets tight, notes are shifted to make
159 room for the breathing sign. Breathing signs break beams running
160 through their voice. In the following example, the notes in the first
161 two measures all have the same distance from each other:
163 \mudelafile{breathing-sign.ly}
166 \section{Clefs and Time Signatures}
168 The transparent clef should not occupy any space and with style
169 \texttt{fullSizeChanges}, the changing clef should be typeset in full
170 size. For octaviated clefs, the ``8'' should appear closely above or
171 below the clef respectively. The ``8'' is processed in a rather
172 convoluted way, so this is fragile as well.
174 \mudelafile{clefs.ly}
176 By default, time signatures are written with two numbers. With style
177 ``C'', 4/4 and 2/2 are written with their corresponding symbols and
178 with style ``old'', 2/2, 3/2, 3/4, 4/4, 6/4, 9/4, 6/8 and 9/8 are
179 typeset with symbols, all other signatures retain the default layout.
180 The style ``1'', gives single number signatures for all signatures.
182 \mudelafile{time.fly}