2 % TITLE=The music notation with computer bibliography
3 % AUTHOR=Han-Wen Nienhuys
6 @String{CitH = {Computing and the Humanities}}
7 @String{CMJ = {Computer Music Journal}}
11 title = {Music Formatting Guidelines},
13 number = {OSU-CISRC-3/88-TR10},
14 institution = {Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State University},
16 note = {Rules on formatting music formulated for use in
17 computers. Mainly distilled from [Ross] HWN},
24 @InProceedings{assayaag86,
25 author = {G. Assayaag and D. Timis},
26 title = {A Toolbox for music notation},
27 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1986 International Computer Music Conference},
34 title = {Music Notation by Computer},
35 author = {Donald Byrd},
36 school = {Indiana University},
38 note = {Describes the SMUT (sic) system for automated music printout.}
46 title = {A System for Music Printing by Computer},
47 author = {Donald Byrd},
48 journal = {Computers and the Humanities},
54 author = {Donald Byrd},
55 title = {Music Notation Software and Intelligence},
56 journal = {Computer Music Journal},
62 note = {Byrd (author of Nightinggale) shows four problematic
63 fragments of notation, and rants about notation programs that try to
64 exhibit intelligent behaviour. HWN}
70 author = {R. F. Ericson},
71 title = {The DARMS Project: A status report},
72 journal = {Computing in the humanities},
77 note = {Gourlay\cite{gourlay86} writes: A discussion of the design
78 and potential uses of the DARMS music-description language.}
82 @Article{field-richards93,
83 author = {H.S. Field-Richards},
84 title = {Cadenza: A Music Description Language},
90 note = {A description through examples of a music entry language.
91 Apparently it has no formal semantics. There is also no
92 implementation of notation convertor. HWN}
99 author = {Herbert Bielawa},
100 title = {Review of Sibelius 7},
104 note = {A raving review/tutorial of Sibelius 7 for Acorn. (And did
105 they seriously program a RISC chip in ... assembler ?!) HWN}
111 author = {Donald Sloan},
112 title = {Aspects of Music Representation in HyTime/SMDL},
118 note = {An introduction into HyTime and its score description variant
119 SMDL. With a short example that is quite lengthy in SMDL}
124 author = {Geraint Wiggins and Eduardo Miranda and Alaaaan Smaill and Mitch Harris},
125 title = {A Framework for the evaluation of music representation systems},
131 note = {A categorisation of music representation systems (languages,
132 OO systems etc) splitted into high level and low level expressiveness.
133 The discussion of Charm and parallel processing for music
134 representation is rather vague. HWN}
140 @Article{dannenberg93,
141 author = {Roger B. Dannenberg},
142 title = {Music Representation: Issues, Techniques, and Systems},
147 url = {http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/52890.html},
149 note = {This article points to some problems and solutions with music
150 representation. HWN},
154 @Article{rothstein93,
155 author = {Joseph Rothstein},
156 title = {Review of Passport Designs' Encore Music Notation Software},
166 author = {Alan Belkin},
167 title = {Macintosh Notation Software: Present and Future},
173 note = {Some music notation systems are analysed for ease of use,
174 MIDI handling. The article ends with a plea for a standard notation
181 title = {Editing and Printing Music by Computer},
182 author = {Leland Smith},
183 totalentry = {Journal of Music Theory},
187 note = {Gourlay\cite{gourlay86} writes: A discussion of Smith's
188 music-printing system SCORE}
193 @InProceedings{montel97,
194 author = {Dominique Montel},
195 title = {La gravure de la musique, lisibilit\'e esth\'etique, respect de l'oevre},
196 booktitle = {Musique \& Notations},
199 editors ={Genevois \& Orlarey}
204 @PhdThesis {gomber75,
206 title = {A Computer-Oriented System for Music Printing},
207 author = {David A. Gomberg},
208 school = {Washington University},
212 title = {A Computer-oriented System for Music Printing},
213 author = {David A. Gomberg},
220 note = {Gourlay \cite{gourlay86} writes: "A discussion of the
221 problems of representing the conventions of musical notation in
222 computer algorithms."}
229 note = {Annual editions since 1985, many containing surveys of music typesetting technology. SP},
230 title = {Directory of Computer Assisted Research in Musicology},
231 author = {Walter B Hewlett and Eleanor Selfridge-Field},
232 totalentry = {Menlo Park, CA: Center for Computer Assisted Research in the Humanities},
236 @Book{selfridge-field97:_beyon_midi,
237 editor = {Eleanor Selfridge-Field},
238 title = {Beyond MIDI},
239 publisher = {MIT Press},
242 note = {A description of various music interchange formats.}
246 @Book{hewlett01:_virtual_score,
247 editor = {Walter B. Hewlett and Eleanor Selfridge-Field},
248 title = {The Virtual Score; representation, retrieval and restoration},
249 publisher = {MIT Press},
250 series = {Computing in Musicology},
256 @InProceedings{hoos98:_guido_music_notat_format,
257 title={The {GUIDO} Music Notation Format---A Novel Approach
258 for Adequately Representing Score-level Music},
259 author = {H. H. Hoos and K. A. Hamel and K. Renz and J. Kilian},
260 booktitle = {Proceedings of International Computer Music Conference},
267 note = {A description of Lime internals (which resemble older (before 0.0.68pre) LilyPond data structures) HWN},
269 title = {The Tilia Music Representation: Extensibility, Abstraction, and Notation Contexts for the Lime Music Editor},
270 author = {Lippold Haken and Dorothea Blostein},
271 journal = {Computer Music Journal},
277 @InProceedings{haken95,
279 title = {A New Algorithm for Horizontal Spacing of Printed Music},
280 author = {Lippold Haken and Dorothea Blostein},
281 booktitle = {International Computer Music Conference},
286 note = {This describes an algorithm which uses springs between
287 adjacent columns. }, }
289 @Article {blostein91,
291 note = {This paper provides a overview of the algorithm used in LIME
292 for spacing individual lines. HWN},
295 title = {Justification of Printed Music},
296 author = {Dorothea Blostein and Lippold Haken},
297 journal = {Communications of the ACM},
306 author = {Dorothea Blostein and Lippold Haken},
307 title = {The Lime Music Editor: A Diagram Editor Involving Complex
309 journal = {Software Practice and Experience},
316 note = {A description of various conversions, decisions and issues
317 relating to this interactive editor HWN},
321 @InProceedings{bouzaiene98:_une,
322 author = {Nabil Bouzaiene and Lo\"ic Le Gall and Emmanuel Saint-James},
323 title = {Une biblioth\`eque pour la notation musicale baroque},
324 booktitle = {EP '98},
328 note = {Describes ATYS, an extension to Berlioz, that can mimick
329 handwritten baroque style beams}
334 @MastersThesis{gall97:_creat,
335 author = {Lo\"ic Le Gall},
336 title = {Cr\'eation d'une police adapt\'ee \`a la notation musicale baroque},
337 school = {\'Ecole Estienne},
341 @InProceedings{balaban88,
342 author = {M. Balaban},
343 title = {A Music Workstation Based on Multiple Hierarchical Views of Music},
344 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1988 International Computer Music Conference},
346 address = {San Francisco},
347 organization = {International Computer Music Association}
353 @TechReport {gourlay87-spacing,
354 annote = {Algorithm for generating spacing in one line of (polyphonic) music, tailored for use with MusiCopy. LilyPond uses a variant of it.},
356 title = {Spacing a Line of Music,},
357 author = {John S. Gourlay},
358 number = {OSU-CISRC-10/87-TR35},
359 institution ={Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State University},
363 @TechReport {parish87,
364 annote = {A brief overview of {MusiCopy}},
366 title = {{MusiCopy}: An automated Music Formatting System},
367 author = {Allen Parish and Wael A. Hegazy and John S. Gourlay and Dean K. Roush and F. Javier Sola},
368 totalentry = {OSU-CISRC-10/87-TR29},
369 institution ={Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State University},
373 @TechReport {gourlay87-formatting,
374 note = {This paper discusses the development of algorithms for the
375 formatting of musical scores (from abstract). It also appeared at
376 PROTEXT III, Ireland 1986},
379 title = {Computer Formatting of Music},
380 author = {John S. Gourlay and A. Parrish
381 and D. Roush and F. Sola and Y. Tien},
382 number = {OSU-CISRC-2/87-TR3},
383 institution ={Department of Computer and Information Science,
384 The Ohio State University},
388 @TechReport {hegazy87,
390 title = {On the Implementation of the {MusiCopy} Language Processor,},
392 author = {Wael A. Hegazy},
393 number = {OSU-CISRC-10/87-TR34},
394 institution={Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State University},
396 note = {Describes the "parser" which converts {MusiCopy} MDL to
397 MusiCopy Simultaneities and columns.
399 MDL is short for Music Description Language\cite{gourlay86}. It
400 accepts music descriptions that are organised into measures filled
401 with voices, which are filled with notes. The measures can be arranged
402 simultaneously or sequentially. To address the 2-dimensionality,
403 almost all constructs in MDL must be labeled.
405 MDL uses begin/end markers for attribute values and spanners.
406 Rightfully the author concludes that MusiCopy must administrate a
407 "state" variable containing both properties and current spanning symbols.
409 MusiCopy attaches graphic information to the objects constructed in
410 the input: the elements of the input are partially complete graphic
420 @TechReport {hegazy87-breaking-tr,
422 annote = {This generalizes \TeX's breaking algorithm to music. It also
423 appeared in Document Manipulation and Typography, J.C. van Vliet (ed)
428 title = {Optimal line breaking in music},
429 author = {Wael A. Hegazy and John S. Gourlay},
430 number = {OSU-CISRC-8/87-TR33},
431 institution={Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State University,},
434 @InProceedings{hegazy88:_optim,
435 author = {Wael A. Hegazy and John S. Gourlay},
437 booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on
438 Electronic Publishing, Document Manipulation and Typography. Nice (France)
442 editor={J. C. van Vliet},
443 publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
444 ISBN={0-521-36294-6},
445 title = {Optimal line breaking in music},
449 @TechReport {roush87,
450 note = {User manual of MusiCopy. },
453 title = {Using {MusiCopy}},
454 author = {Dean K. Roush},
455 number = {OSU-CISRC-18/87-TR31},
456 institution={Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State University},
460 @TechReport {parrish87-simultaneities,
462 note = {This note discusses
463 placement of balls, stems, dots which occur at the same moment
467 title = {Computer Formatting of Musical Simultaneities,},
468 author = {A. Parrish and John S. Gourlay},
469 institution={Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State University},
470 number = {OSU-CISRC-10/87-TR28},
475 note = {Overview of a procedure for generating slurs},
477 title = {Computer Design of Musical Slurs, Ties and Phrase Marks,},
479 institution={Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State University},
480 number = {OSU-CISRC-10/87-TR32},
484 @TechReport {sola87-beams,
486 institution={Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio
489 note = {Calculating beam slopes HWN},
491 title = {Design of Musical Beams,},
492 author = {F. Sola and D. Roush},
493 number = {OSU-CISRC-10/87-TR30},
498 note = {This paper describes the {MusiCopy} musicsetting system and an input language to go with it.},
501 title = {A language for music printing},
502 author = {John. S. Gourlay},
503 journal = {Communications of the ACM},
513 note = {Describes a system called MusicEase, and explains that it
514 uses "constraints" (which go unexplained) to automatically position
518 title = {Creating Printed Music Automatically},
519 author = {Gary M. Rader},
520 journal = {Computer},
531 note = {Don't ask Stephen for a copy. Write to the Bodleian Library, Oxford, or to the British Library, instead. SP},
533 title = {Computer Tools for Music Information Retrieval},
534 author = {Stephen Dowland Page},
535 school ={Dissertation University of Oxford},
538 @MastersThesis{roelofs91,
540 note = {This dutch thesis describes a monophonic typesetting system,
541 and focuses on the breaking algorithm, which is taken from Hegazy &
545 title = {Een Geautomatiseerd Systeem voor het Afdrukken van Muziek},
546 author = {Ren\'e Roelofs},
547 school={Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam},
549 translation = {``An automated system for printing music'' Master's Thesis Managerial Computer Science.},
553 @Article {filgueiras93,
555 title = {Representation and manipulation of music documents in SceX},
556 author = {Miguel Filgueiras and Jos\'e Paulo Leal},
557 journal= {Electronic Publishing},
559 number={4}, pages = {507--518},
560 url={http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/512957.html},
566 note = {A paper on a simple TROFF preprocessor to typeset music. },
569 title = {Music --- A language for typesetting music scores},
570 author = {Eric Foxley},
571 journal = {Software --- Practice and Experience},
580 title = {Implementing a Symbolic Music Processing System},
581 author = {Miguel Filgueiras},
582 totalentry = {LIACC, Universidade do Porto, 1996; submitted},
586 title = {Some Music Typesetting Algorithms},
587 author = {Miguel Filgueiras},
588 totalentry = {Miguel Filgueiras. ``Some Music Typesetting Algorithms''. LIACC, Universidade do Porto, forthcoming},
592 @Article {colorado-web,
593 author ={Alyssa Lamb},
595 note = {Webpages about engraving (designed with finale
596 users in mind) (sic) HWN},
598 institution = {The University of Colorado},
599 title ={The University of Colorado Music Engraving page.},
600 HTML={http://www.cc.colorado.edu/Dept/MU/Musicpress/},
607 @Article {Langston90,
609 note = {This paper deals with some command-line
610 tools for music editing and playback. },
613 title = {Unix music tools at Bellcore},
614 author = {Peter S. Langston},
615 journal={Software --- Practice and Experience},
621 @Article {tablature-web,
622 note = {FAQ (with answers) about TAB, the ASCII variant of Tablature. HWN},
623 title = {how to read and write tab: a guide to tab notation},
624 author = {Howard Wright},
625 email={Howard.Wright@ed.ac.uk},
626 url={http://www.guitartabs.cc/tabfaq.shtml},
631 note = {Specs for NIFF, a reasonably comprehensive but binary
632 format for notation HWN},
635 title = {NIFF6a Notation Interchange File Format},
636 author = {Cindy Grande},
637 publisher={Grande Software Inc.},
638 HTML= {http://www.jtauber.com/music/encoding/niff/},
639 ftp = {ftp://blackbox.cartah.washington.edu}
644 title = {SMDL, Standard Musical Description Language},
645 pdf= {ftp://ftp.ornl.gov/pub/sgml/wg8/smdl/10743.pdf},
646 note={ISO/IEC DIS 10743
648 SGML instance for describing music. Very comprehensive in music
649 definition, but no support for notation / performance whatsoever (They
650 basically say: "You can embed a NIFF or MIDI file")}
655 @TechReport{Ornstein83,
656 author={Ornstein, Severo M. and John Turner Maxwell III},
657 title={Mockingbird: A Composer's Amanuensis},
658 institution={Xerox Palo Alto Research Center},
659 address={3333 Coyote Hill Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304},
668 author={Ornstein, Severo M. and John Turner Maxwell III},
669 title={Mockingbird: A Composer's Amanuensis},
675 note={A discussion of an interactive and graphical computer system
676 for music composition}
680 @PhdThesis{mueller90:_inter_bearb_musik,
681 author = {Giovanni M\"uller},
682 title = {Interaktive Bearbeitung konventioneller Musiknotation},
683 school = {Eidgen\"ossischen Technischen Hochschule Z\"urich},
686 note = {This is about engraver-quality typesetting with computers. It
687 accepts the axiom that notation is too difficult to generate
688 automatically. The result is that a notation program should be a
689 WYSIWYG editor that allows one to tweak everything.
696 % three part study by John Gr/over
697 @TechReport{grover89-symbols,
698 author = {John Gr\/over},
699 title = {A computer-oriented description of Music Notation. Part I. The Symbol Inventory},
700 institution = {Department of informatics, University of Oslo},
704 note = {The goal of this series of reports is a full description of
705 music formatting. As these largely depend on parameters of fonts, it
706 starts with a verbose description of music symbols.
708 The subject is treated backwards: from general rules of typesetting
709 the author tries to extract dimensions for characters, whereas the
710 rules of typesetting (in a particular font) follow from the dimensions
711 of the symbols. His symbols do not match (the stringent) constraints
712 formulated by eg. \cite{wanske}} }
714 @TechReport{grover89-twovoices,
715 author = {John Gr\/over},
716 title = {A computer-oriented description of Music Notation. Part II: Two Voice Sharing a Staff, Leger Line Rules, Dot Positioning},
718 institution = {Department of informatics, University of Oslo},
722 note = {A lot rules for what is in the title are formulated. The
723 descriptions are long and verbose. The verbosity shows that
724 formulating specific rules is not the proper way to approach the
725 problem. Instead, the formulated rules should follow from more
726 general rules, similar to\cite{parrish87-simultaneities}},
729 @TechReport{grover89-accidentals,
730 author = {John Gr\/over},
731 title = {A computer-oriented description of Music Notation. Part III: Accidental Positioning},
732 institution = {Department of informatics, University of Oslo},
736 note = {Placement of accidentals crystallised in an enormous set of
737 rules. Same remarks as for \cite{grover89-twovoices} applies} }
739 @TechReport{droettboom00:_study_notat_descr_languag,
740 author = {Michael Droettboom},
741 title = {Study of music Notation Description Languages},
743 url= {http://gigue.peabody.jhu.edu/~mdboom/format.pdf},
745 note ={GUIDO and lilypond compared. LilyPond wins on practical
746 issues as usability and availability of tools, GUIDO wins on
747 implementation simplicity.} }
749 @InBook{powell02:_music,
750 author = {Steven Powell},
751 title = {Music engraving today},
752 publisher = {Brichtmark},
755 note = {A "How Steven uses Finale" manual.}
759 @PhdThesis{gieseking01:_code_gener_noten,
760 author = {Martin Gieseking},
761 title = {Code-basierte Generierung interaktiver Notengraphik
764 school = {Universit\"at Osnabr\"uck},
766 isbn = {ISBN 3-923486-30-8}
770 @PhdThesis{renz02:_algor_guido,
772 title = {Algorithms and data structures for a music notation system based on GUIDO music notation},
773 school = {Universit\"at Darmstadt},