2 % TITLE=The music notation with computer bibliography
3 % AUTHOR=Han-Wen Nienhuys
6 @String{CitH = {Computing and the Humanities}}
7 @String{CMJ = {Computer Music Journal}}
13 title = {Editing and Printing Music by Computer},
14 author = {Leland Smith},
15 totalentry = {Journal of Music Theory},
19 note = {Gourlay\cite{gourlay86} writes: A discussion of Smith's
20 music-printing system SCORE}
26 title = {A System for Music Printing by Computer},
27 author = {Donald Byrd},
28 journal = {Computers and the Humanities},
35 author = {R. F. Ericson},
36 title = {The DARMS Project: A status report},
37 journal = {Computing in the humanities},
42 note = {Gourlay\cite{gourlay86} writes: A discussion of the design
43 and potential uses of the DARMS music-description language.}
49 title = {A Computer-Oriented System for Music Printing},
50 author = {David A. Gomberg},
51 school = {Washington University},
55 title = {A Computer-oriented System for Music Printing},
56 author = {David A. Gomberg},
63 note = {Gourlay \cite{gourlay86} writes: "A discussion of the
64 problems of representing the conventions of musical notation in
65 computer algorithms."}
69 @TechReport{Ornstein83,
70 author={Ornstein, Severo M. and John Turner Maxwell III},
71 title={Mockingbird: A Composer's Amanuensis},
72 institution={Xerox Palo Alto Research Center},
73 address={3333 Coyote Hill Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304},
80 author={Ornstein, Severo M. and John Turner Maxwell III},
81 title={Mockingbird: A Composer's Amanuensis},
87 note={A discussion of an interactive and graphical computer system
88 for music composition}
95 title = {Music Notation by Computer},
96 author = {Donald Byrd},
97 school = {Indiana University},
99 note = {Describes the SMUT (sic) system for automated music printout.}
102 @InProceedings{assayaag86,
103 author = {G. Assayaag and D. Timis},
104 title = {A Toolbox for music notation},
105 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1986 International Computer Music Conference},
111 title = {Music Formatting Guidelines},
113 number = {OSU-CISRC-3/88-TR10},
114 institution = {Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State University},
116 note = {Rules on formatting music formulated for use in
117 computers. Mainly distilled from [Ross] HWN},
123 author = {Donald Byrd},
124 title = {Music Notation Software and Intelligence},
125 journal = {Computer Music Journal},
131 note = {Byrd (author of Nightinggale) shows four problematic
132 fragments of notation, and rants about notation programs that try to
133 exhibit intelligent behaviour. HWN}
137 @Article{field-richards93,
138 author = {H.S. Field-Richards},
139 title = {Cadenza: A Music Description Language},
145 note = {A description through examples of a music entry language.
146 Apparently it has no formal semantics. There is also no
147 implementation of notation convertor. HWN}
152 author = {Herbert Bielawa},
153 title = {Review of Sibelius 7},
157 note = {A raving review/tutorial of Sibelius 7 for Acorn. (And did
158 they seriously program a RISC chip in ... assembler ?!) HWN}
164 author = {Donald Sloan},
165 title = {Aspects of Music Representation in HyTime/SMDL},
171 note = {An introduction into HyTime and its score description variant
172 SMDL. With a short example that is quite lengthy in SMDL}
177 author = {Geraint Wiggins and Eduardo Miranda and Alaaaan Smaill and Mitch Harris},
178 title = {A Framework for the evaluation of music representation systems},
184 note = {A categorisation of music representation systems (languages,
185 OO systems etc) splitted into high level and low level expressiveness.
186 The discussion of Charm and parallel processing for music
187 representation is rather vague. HWN}
193 @Article{dannenberg93,
194 author = {Roger B. Dannenberg},
195 title = {Music Representation: Issues, Techniques, and Systems},
200 url = {http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/52890.html},
202 note = {This article points to some problems and solutions with music
203 representation. HWN},
207 @Article{rothstein93,
208 author = {Joseph Rothstein},
209 title = {Review of Passport Designs' Encore Music Notation Software},
219 author = {Alan Belkin},
220 title = {Macintosh Notation Software: Present and Future},
226 note = {Some music notation systems are analysed for ease of use,
227 MIDI handling. The article ends with a plea for a standard notation
232 @InProceedings{montel97,
233 author = {Dominique Montel},
234 title = {La gravure de la musique, lisibilit\'e esth\'etique, respect de l'oevre},
235 booktitle = {Musique \& Notations},
238 editors ={Genevois \& Orlarey}
245 note = {Annual editions since 1985, many containing surveys of music typesetting technology. SP},
246 title = {Directory of Computer Assisted Research in Musicology},
247 author = {Walter B Hewlett and Eleanor Selfridge-Field},
248 totalentry = {Menlo Park, CA: Center for Computer Assisted Research in the Humanities},
252 @Book{selfridge-field97:_beyon_midi,
253 title = {Beyond MIDI: the handbook of musical codes},
254 editor = {Eleanor Selfridge-Field},
255 publisher = {MIT Press},
258 note = {A description of various music interchange formats.}
262 @InProceedings{hoos98:_guido_music_notat_format,
263 title={The {GUIDO} Music Notation Format---A Novel Approach
264 for Adequately Representing Score-level Music},
265 author = {H. H. Hoos and K. A. Hamel and K. Renz and J. Kilian},
266 booktitle = {Proceedings of International Computer Music Conference},
271 @Article {blostein91,
273 note = {This paper provides a overview of the algorithm used in LIME
274 for spacing individual lines. HWN},
277 title = {Justification of Printed Music},
278 author = {Dorothea Blostein and Lippold Haken},
279 journal = {Communications of the ACM},
288 note = {A description of Lime internals (which resemble older (before 0.0.68pre) LilyPond data structures) HWN},
290 title = {The Tilia Music Representation: Extensibility, Abstraction, and Notation Contexts for the Lime Music Editor},
291 author = {Lippold Haken and Dorothea Blostein},
292 journal = {Computer Music Journal},
298 author = {Dorothea Blostein and Lippold Haken},
299 title = {The Lime Music Editor: A Diagram Editor Involving Complex
301 journal = {Software Practice and Experience},
308 note = {A description of various conversions, decisions and issues
309 relating to this interactive editor HWN},
315 @InProceedings{haken95,
317 title = {A New Algorithm for Horizontal Spacing of Printed Music},
318 author = {Lippold Haken and Dorothea Blostein},
319 booktitle = {International Computer Music Conference},
324 note = {This describes an algorithm which uses springs between
325 adjacent columns. }, }
328 @InProceedings{bouzaiene98:_une,
329 author = {Nabil Bouzaiene and Lo\"ic Le Gall and Emmanuel Saint-James},
330 title = {Une biblioth\`eque pour la notation musicale baroque},
331 booktitle = {EP '98},
335 note = {Describes ATYS, an extension to Berlioz, that can mimick
336 handwritten baroque style beams}
342 @InProceedings{balaban88,
343 author = {M. Balaban},
344 title = {A Music Workstation Based on Multiple Hierarchical Views of Music},
345 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1988 International Computer Music Conference},
347 address = {San Francisco},
348 organization = {International Computer Music Association}
354 @TechReport {gourlay87-spacing,
355 annote = {Algorithm for generating spacing in one line of (polyphonic) music, tailored for use with MusiCopy. LilyPond uses a variant of it.},
357 title = {Spacing a Line of Music,},
358 author = {John S. Gourlay},
359 number = {OSU-CISRC-10/87-TR35},
360 institution ={Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State University},
364 @TechReport {parish87,
365 annote = {A brief overview of {MusiCopy}},
367 title = {{MusiCopy}: An automated Music Formatting System},
368 author = {Allen Parish and Wael A. Hegazy and John S. Gourlay and Dean K. Roush and F. Javier Sola},
369 totalentry = {OSU-CISRC-10/87-TR29},
370 institution ={Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State University},
374 @TechReport {gourlay87-formatting,
375 note = {This paper discusses the development of algorithms for the
376 formatting of musical scores (from abstract). It also appeared at
377 PROTEXT III, Ireland 1986},
380 title = {Computer Formatting of Music},
381 author = {John S. Gourlay and A. Parrish
382 and D. Roush and F. Sola and Y. Tien},
383 number = {OSU-CISRC-2/87-TR3},
384 institution ={Department of Computer and Information Science,
385 The Ohio State University},
389 @TechReport {hegazy87,
391 title = {On the Implementation of the {MusiCopy} Language Processor,},
393 author = {Wael A. Hegazy},
394 number = {OSU-CISRC-10/87-TR34},
395 institution={Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State University},
397 note = {Describes the "parser" which converts {MusiCopy} MDL to
398 MusiCopy Simultaneities and columns.
400 MDL is short for Music Description Language\cite{gourlay86}. It
401 accepts music descriptions that are organised into measures filled
402 with voices, which are filled with notes. The measures can be arranged
403 simultaneously or sequentially. To address the 2-dimensionality,
404 almost all constructs in MDL must be labeled.
406 MDL uses begin/end markers for attribute values and spanners.
407 Rightfully the author concludes that MusiCopy must administrate a
408 "state" variable containing both properties and current spanning symbols.
410 MusiCopy attaches graphic information to the objects constructed in
411 the input: the elements of the input are partially complete graphic
419 @TechReport {hegazy87-breaking-tr,
421 annote = {This generalizes \TeX's breaking algorithm to music. It also
422 appeared in Document Manipulation and Typography, J.C. van Vliet (ed)
427 title = {Optimal line breaking in music},
428 author = {Wael A. Hegazy and John S. Gourlay},
429 number = {OSU-CISRC-8/87-TR33},
430 institution={Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State University,},
433 @InProceedings{hegazy88:_optim,
434 author = {Wael A. Hegazy and John S. Gourlay},
435 booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on
436 Electronic Publishing, Document Manipulation and Typography. Nice (France)},
439 editor={J. C. van Vliet},
440 publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
441 ISBN={0-521-36294-6},
442 title = {Optimal line breaking in music},
446 @TechReport {roush87,
447 note = {User manual of MusiCopy. },
450 title = {Using {MusiCopy}},
451 author = {Dean K. Roush},
452 number = {OSU-CISRC-18/87-TR31},
453 institution={Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State University},
457 @TechReport {parrish87-simultaneities,
459 note = {This note discusses
460 placement of balls, stems, dots which occur at the same moment
464 title = {Computer Formatting of Musical Simultaneities,},
465 author = {A. Parrish and John S. Gourlay},
466 institution={Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State University},
467 number = {OSU-CISRC-10/87-TR28},
472 note = {Overview of a procedure for generating slurs},
474 title = {Computer Design of Musical Slurs, Ties and Phrase Marks,},
476 institution={Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State University},
477 number = {OSU-CISRC-10/87-TR32},
482 note = {This paper describes the {MusiCopy} musicsetting system and an input language to go with it.},
485 title = {A language for music printing},
486 author = {John. S. Gourlay},
487 journal = {Communications of the ACM},
494 @TechReport {sola87-beams,
496 institution={Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio
499 note = {Calculating beam slopes HWN},
501 title = {Design of Musical Beams,},
502 author = {F. Sola and D. Roush},
503 number = {OSU-CISRC-10/87-TR30},
508 note = {Don't ask Stephen for a copy. Write to the Bodleian Library, Oxford, or to the British Library, instead. SP},
510 title = {Computer Tools for Music Information Retrieval},
511 author = {Stephen Dowland Page},
512 school ={Dissertation University of Oxford},
517 % three part study by John Gr/over
518 @TechReport{grover89-symbols,
519 author = {John Gr\/over},
520 title = {A computer-oriented description of Music Notation. Part I. The Symbol Inventory},
521 institution = {Department of informatics, University of Oslo},
525 note = {The goal of this series of reports is a full description of
526 music formatting. As these largely depend on parameters of fonts, it
527 starts with a verbose description of music symbols.
529 The subject is treated backwards: from general rules of typesetting
530 the author tries to extract dimensions for characters, whereas the
531 rules of typesetting (in a particular font) follow from the dimensions
532 of the symbols. His symbols do not match (the stringent) constraints
533 formulated by eg. \cite{wanske}} }
535 @TechReport{grover89-twovoices,
536 author = {John Gr\/over},
537 title = {A computer-oriented description of Music Notation. Part II: Two Voice Sharing a Staff, Leger Line Rules, Dot Positioning},
539 institution = {Department of informatics, University of Oslo},
543 note = {A lot rules for what is in the title are formulated. The
544 descriptions are long and verbose. The verbosity shows that
545 formulating specific rules is not the proper way to approach the
546 problem. Instead, the formulated rules should follow from more
547 general rules, similar to\cite{parrish87-simultaneities}},
550 @TechReport{grover89-accidentals,
551 author = {John Gr\/over},
552 title = {A computer-oriented description of Music Notation. Part III: Accidental Positioning},
553 institution = {Department of informatics, University of Oslo},
557 note = {Placement of accidentals crystallised in an enormous set of
558 rules. Same remarks as for \cite{grover89-twovoices} applies} }
561 @PhdThesis{mueller90:_inter_bearb_musik,
562 author = {Giovanni M\"uller},
563 title = {Interaktive Bearbeitung konventioneller Musiknotation},
564 school = {Eidgen\"ossischen Technischen Hochschule Z\"urich},
567 note = {This is about engraver-quality typesetting with computers. It
568 accepts the axiom that notation is too difficult to generate
569 automatically. The result is that a notation program should be a
570 WYSIWYG editor that allows one to tweak everything.
579 @MastersThesis{roelofs91,
581 note = {This dutch thesis describes a monophonic typesetting system,
582 and focuses on the breaking algorithm, which is taken from Hegazy &
586 title = {Een Geautomatiseerd Systeem voor het Afdrukken van Muziek},
587 author = {Ren\'e Roelofs},
588 school={Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam},
590 translation = {``An automated system for printing music'' Master's Thesis Managerial Computer Science.},
594 @Article {filgueiras93,
596 title = {Representation and manipulation of music documents in SceX},
597 author = {Miguel Filgueiras and Jos\'e Paulo Leal},
598 journal= {Electronic Publishing},
600 number={4}, pages = {507--518},
601 url={http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/512957.html},
607 note = {A paper on a simple TROFF preprocessor to typeset music. },
610 title = {Music --- A language for typesetting music scores},
611 author = {Eric Foxley},
612 journal = {Software --- Practice and Experience},
618 @Article {Langston90,
620 note = {This paper deals with some command-line
621 tools for music editing and playback. },
624 title = {Unix music tools at Bellcore},
625 author = {Peter S. Langston},
626 journal={Software --- Practice and Experience},
635 title = {Implementing a Symbolic Music Processing System},
636 author = {Miguel Filgueiras},
637 totalentry = {LIACC, Universidade do Porto, 1996; submitted},
641 title = {Some Music Typesetting Algorithms},
642 author = {Miguel Filgueiras},
643 totalentry = {Miguel Filgueiras. ``Some Music Typesetting Algorithms''. LIACC, Universidade do Porto, forthcoming},
647 @Article {colorado-web,
648 author ={Alyssa Lamb},
650 note = {Webpages about engraving (designed with finale
651 users in mind) (sic) HWN},
653 institution = {The University of Colorado},
654 title ={The University of Colorado Music Engraving page.},
655 HTML={http://www.cc.colorado.edu/Dept/MU/Musicpress/},
663 @Article {tablature-web,
664 note = {FAQ (with answers) about TAB, the ASCII variant of Tablature. HWN},
665 title = {how to read and write tab: a guide to tab notation},
666 author = {Howard Wright},
667 email={Howard.Wright@ed.ac.uk},
668 url={http://www.guitartabs.cc/tabfaq.shtml},
673 note = {Specs for NIFF, a reasonably comprehensive but binary
674 format for notation HWN},
677 title = {NIFF6a Notation Interchange File Format},
678 author = {Cindy Grande},
679 publisher={Grande Software Inc.},
680 HTML= {http://www.jtauber.com/music/encoding/niff/},
681 ftp = {ftp://blackbox.cartah.washington.edu}
685 title = {SMDL, Standard Musical Description Language},
686 pdf= {ftp://ftp.ornl.gov/pub/sgml/wg8/smdl/10743.pdf},
687 number={ISO/IEC DIS 10743},
689 annote = {SGML instance for describing music. Very comprehensive in music
690 definition, but no support for notation / performance whatsoever (They
691 basically say: "You can embed a NIFF or MIDI file")}
699 note = {Describes a system called MusicEase, and explains that it
700 uses "constraints" (which go unexplained) to automatically position
702 html={http://mesastate.edu/~grader/ieeeme.pdf},
704 title = {Creating Printed Music Automatically},
705 author = {Gary M. Rader},
706 journal = {Computer},
714 @MastersThesis{gall97:_creat,
715 author = {Lo\"ic Le Gall},
716 title = {Cr\'eation d'une police adapt\'ee \`a la notation musicale baroque},
717 school = {\'Ecole Estienne},
721 @TechReport{droettboom00:_study_notat_descr_languag,
722 author = {Michael Droettboom},
723 title = {Study of music Notation Description Languages},
725 url= {http://gigue.peabody.jhu.edu/~mdboom/format.pdf},
727 note ={GUIDO and lilypond compared. LilyPond wins on practical
728 issues as usability and availability of tools, GUIDO wins on
729 implementation simplicity.} }
731 @PhdThesis{gieseking01:_code_gener_noten,
732 author = {Martin Gieseking},
733 title = {Code-basierte Generierung interaktiver Notengraphik
736 school = {Universit\"at Osnabr\"uck},
738 isbn = {ISBN 3-923486-30-8}
741 @Book{hewlett01:_virtual_score,
742 editor = {Walter B. Hewlett and Eleanor Selfridge-Field},
743 title = {The Virtual Score; representation, retrieval and restoration},
744 publisher = {MIT Press},
745 series = {Computing in Musicology},
751 @PhdThesis{renz02:_algor_guido,
753 title = {Algorithms and data structures for a music notation system based on GUIDO music notation},
754 school = {Universit\"at Darmstadt},
758 @InBook{powell02:_music,
759 author = {Steven Powell},
760 title = {Music engraving today},
761 publisher = {Brichtmark},
764 note = {A "How Steven uses Finale" manual.}
768 @InProceedings{nienhuys03:_lilyp,
769 author = {Han-Wen Nienhuys and Jan Nieuwenhuizen},
770 title = {LilyPond, a system for automated music engraving},
771 booktitle = {XIV Colloquium on Musical Informatics},