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diff --git a/amovacommand.cpp b/amovacommand.cpp
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+/*
+ *  amovacommand.cpp
+ *  mothur
+ *
+ *  Created by westcott on 2/7/11.
+ *  Copyright 2011 Schloss Lab. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "amovacommand.h"
+#include "readphylipvector.h"
+#include "groupmap.h"
+
+
+//**********************************************************************************************************************
+vector<string> AmovaCommand::setParameters(){  
+       try {
+               CommandParameter pdesign("design", "InputTypes", "", "", "none", "none", "none",false,true); parameters.push_back(pdesign);
+               CommandParameter pphylip("phylip", "InputTypes", "", "", "none", "none", "none",false,true); parameters.push_back(pphylip);
+               CommandParameter piters("iters", "Number", "", "1000", "", "", "",false,false); parameters.push_back(piters);
+               CommandParameter palpha("alpha", "Number", "", "0.05", "", "", "",false,false); parameters.push_back(palpha);
+               CommandParameter pinputdir("inputdir", "String", "", "", "", "", "",false,false); parameters.push_back(pinputdir);
+               CommandParameter poutputdir("outputdir", "String", "", "", "", "", "",false,false); parameters.push_back(poutputdir);
+       
+               vector<string> myArray;
+               for (int i = 0; i < parameters.size(); i++) {   myArray.push_back(parameters[i].name);          }
+               return myArray;
+       }
+       catch(exception& e) {
+               m->errorOut(e, "AmovaCommand", "setParameters");
+               exit(1);
+       }
+}
+//**********************************************************************************************************************
+string AmovaCommand::getHelpString(){  
+       try {
+               string helpString = "";
+               helpString += "Referenced: Anderson MJ (2001). A new method for non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance. Austral Ecol 26: 32-46.";
+               helpString += "The amova command outputs a .amova file.";
+               helpString += "The amova command parameters are phylip, iters, and alpha.  The phylip and design parameters are required, unless you have valid current files.";
+               helpString += "The design parameter allows you to assign your samples to groups when you are running amova. It is required.";
+               helpString += "The design file looks like the group file.  It is a 2 column tab delimited file, where the first column is the sample name and the second column is the group the sample belongs to.";
+               helpString += "The iters parameter allows you to set number of randomization for the P value.  The default is 1000.";
+               helpString += "The amova command should be in the following format: amova(phylip=file.dist, design=file.design).";
+               helpString += "Note: No spaces between parameter labels (i.e. iters), '=' and parameters (i.e. 1000).";
+               return helpString;
+       }
+       catch(exception& e) {
+               m->errorOut(e, "AmovaCommand", "getHelpString");
+               exit(1);
+       }
+}
+//**********************************************************************************************************************
+AmovaCommand::AmovaCommand(){  
+       try {
+               abort = true; calledHelp = true; 
+               setParameters();
+               vector<string> tempOutNames;
+               outputTypes["amova"] = tempOutNames;
+       }
+       catch(exception& e) {
+               m->errorOut(e, "AmovaCommand", "AmovaCommand");
+               exit(1);
+       }
+}
+//**********************************************************************************************************************
+AmovaCommand::AmovaCommand(string option) {
+       try {
+               abort = false; calledHelp = false;   
+               
+               //allow user to run help
+               if(option == "help") { help(); abort = true; calledHelp = true; }
+               else if(option == "citation") { citation(); abort = true; calledHelp = true;}
+               
+               else {
+                       vector<string> myArray = setParameters();
+                       
+                       OptionParser parser(option);
+                       map<string,string> parameters = parser.getParameters();
+                       
+                       ValidParameters validParameter;
+                       
+                       //check to make sure all parameters are valid for command
+                       map<string,string>::iterator it;
+                       for (it = parameters.begin(); it != parameters.end(); it++) { 
+                               if (validParameter.isValidParameter(it->first, myArray, it->second) != true) {  abort = true;  }
+                       }
+                       
+                       //initialize outputTypes
+                       vector<string> tempOutNames;
+                       outputTypes["amova"] = tempOutNames;
+                       
+                       //if the user changes the output directory command factory will send this info to us in the output parameter 
+                       outputDir = validParameter.validFile(parameters, "outputdir", false);           if (outputDir == "not found"){  outputDir = ""; }
+                       
+                       //if the user changes the input directory command factory will send this info to us in the output parameter 
+                       string inputDir = validParameter.validFile(parameters, "inputdir", false);              
+                       if (inputDir == "not found"){   inputDir = "";          }
+                       else {
+                               string path;
+                               it = parameters.find("design");
+                               //user has given a template file
+                               if(it != parameters.end()){ 
+                                       path = m->hasPath(it->second);
+                                       //if the user has not given a path then, add inputdir. else leave path alone.
+                                       if (path == "") {       parameters["design"] = inputDir + it->second;           }
+                               }
+                               
+                               it = parameters.find("phylip");
+                               //user has given a template file
+                               if(it != parameters.end()){ 
+                                       path = m->hasPath(it->second);
+                                       //if the user has not given a path then, add inputdir. else leave path alone.
+                                       if (path == "") {       parameters["phylip"] = inputDir + it->second;           }
+                               }
+                       }
+                       
+                       phylipFileName = validParameter.validFile(parameters, "phylip", true);
+                       if (phylipFileName == "not open") { phylipFileName = ""; abort = true; }
+                       else if (phylipFileName == "not found") { 
+                               //if there is a current phylip file, use it
+                               phylipFileName = m->getPhylipFile(); 
+                               if (phylipFileName != "") { m->mothurOut("Using " + phylipFileName + " as input file for the phylip parameter."); m->mothurOutEndLine(); }
+                               else {  m->mothurOut("You have no current phylip file and the phylip parameter is required."); m->mothurOutEndLine(); abort = true; }
+                       }else { m->setPhylipFile(phylipFileName); }
+                       
+                       //check for required parameters
+                       designFileName = validParameter.validFile(parameters, "design", true);
+                       if (designFileName == "not open") { designFileName = ""; abort = true; }
+                       else if (designFileName == "not found") {
+                               //if there is a current design file, use it
+                               designFileName = m->getDesignFile(); 
+                               if (designFileName != "") { m->mothurOut("Using " + designFileName + " as input file for the design parameter."); m->mothurOutEndLine(); }
+                               else {  m->mothurOut("You have no current design file and the design parameter is required."); m->mothurOutEndLine(); abort = true; }                           
+                       }else { m->setDesignFile(designFileName); }     
+
+                       string temp = validParameter.validFile(parameters, "iters", false);
+                       if (temp == "not found") { temp = "1000"; }
+                       m->mothurConvert(temp, iters); 
+                       
+                       temp = validParameter.validFile(parameters, "alpha", false);
+                       if (temp == "not found") { temp = "0.05"; }
+                       m->mothurConvert(temp, experimentwiseAlpha); 
+               }
+       }
+       catch(exception& e) {
+               m->errorOut(e, "AmovaCommand", "AmovaCommand");
+               exit(1);
+       }
+}
+//**********************************************************************************************************************
+
+int AmovaCommand::execute(){
+       try {
+               
+               if (abort == true) { if (calledHelp) { return 0; }  return 2;   }
+               
+               //read design file
+               designMap = new GroupMap(designFileName);
+               designMap->readDesignMap();
+
+               if (outputDir == "") { outputDir = m->hasPath(phylipFileName); }
+                                               
+               //read in distance matrix and square it
+               ReadPhylipVector readMatrix(phylipFileName);
+               vector<string> sampleNames = readMatrix.read(distanceMatrix);
+               
+               for(int i=0;i<distanceMatrix.size();i++){
+                       for(int j=0;j<i;j++){
+                               distanceMatrix[i][j] *= distanceMatrix[i][j];   
+                       }
+               }
+               
+               //link designMap to rows/columns in distance matrix
+               map<string, vector<int> > origGroupSampleMap;
+               for(int i=0;i<sampleNames.size();i++){
+                       string group = designMap->getGroup(sampleNames[i]);
+                       
+                       if (group == "not found") {
+                               m->mothurOut("[ERROR]: " + sampleNames[i] + " is not in your design file, please correct."); m->mothurOutEndLine(); m->control_pressed = true;
+                       }else { origGroupSampleMap[group].push_back(i); }
+                       
+               }
+               int numGroups = origGroupSampleMap.size();
+               
+               if (m->control_pressed) { delete designMap; return 0; }
+               
+               //create a new filename
+               ofstream AMOVAFile;
+               string AMOVAFileName = outputDir + m->getRootName(m->getSimpleName(phylipFileName))  + "amova";                         
+               m->openOutputFile(AMOVAFileName, AMOVAFile);
+               outputNames.push_back(AMOVAFileName); outputTypes["amova"].push_back(AMOVAFileName);
+               
+               double fullANOVAPValue = runAMOVA(AMOVAFile, origGroupSampleMap, experimentwiseAlpha);
+               if(fullANOVAPValue <= experimentwiseAlpha && numGroups > 2){
+                       
+                       int numCombos = numGroups * (numGroups-1) / 2;
+                       double pairwiseAlpha = experimentwiseAlpha / (double) numCombos;
+                       
+                       map<string, vector<int> >::iterator itA;
+                       map<string, vector<int> >::iterator itB;
+                       
+                       for(itA=origGroupSampleMap.begin();itA!=origGroupSampleMap.end();itA++){
+                               itB = itA;itB++;
+                               for(itB;itB!=origGroupSampleMap.end();itB++){
+                                       
+                                       map<string, vector<int> > pairwiseGroupSampleMap;
+                                       pairwiseGroupSampleMap[itA->first] = itA->second;
+                                       pairwiseGroupSampleMap[itB->first] = itB->second;
+                                       
+                                       runAMOVA(AMOVAFile, pairwiseGroupSampleMap, pairwiseAlpha);
+                               }                       
+                       }
+                       m->mothurOut("Experiment-wise error rate: " + toString(experimentwiseAlpha) + '\n');
+                       m->mothurOut("Pair-wise error rate (Bonferroni): " + toString(pairwiseAlpha) + '\n');
+               }
+               else{
+                       m->mothurOut("Experiment-wise error rate: " + toString(experimentwiseAlpha) + '\n');
+               }
+               m->mothurOut("If you have borderline P-values, you should try increasing the number of iterations\n");
+               AMOVAFile.close();
+               
+               delete designMap;
+        
+               m->mothurOutEndLine();
+               m->mothurOut("Output File Names: "); m->mothurOutEndLine();
+               for (int i = 0; i < outputNames.size(); i++) {  m->mothurOut(outputNames[i]); m->mothurOutEndLine();    }
+               m->mothurOutEndLine();
+               
+               return 0;
+       }
+       catch(exception& e) {
+               m->errorOut(e, "AmovaCommand", "execute");
+               exit(1);
+       }
+}
+
+//**********************************************************************************************************************
+
+double AmovaCommand::runAMOVA(ofstream& AMOVAFile, map<string, vector<int> > groupSampleMap, double alpha) {
+       try {
+               map<string, vector<int> >::iterator it;
+
+               int numGroups = groupSampleMap.size();
+               int totalNumSamples = 0;
+
+               for(it = groupSampleMap.begin();it!=groupSampleMap.end();it++){
+                       totalNumSamples += it->second.size();                   
+               }
+
+               double ssTotalOrig = calcSSTotal(groupSampleMap);
+               double ssWithinOrig = calcSSWithin(groupSampleMap);
+               double ssAmongOrig = ssTotalOrig - ssWithinOrig;
+               
+               double counter = 0;
+               for(int i=0;i<iters;i++){
+                       map<string, vector<int> > randomizedGroup = getRandomizedGroups(groupSampleMap);
+                       double ssWithinRand = calcSSWithin(randomizedGroup);
+                       if(ssWithinRand < ssWithinOrig){        counter++;      }
+               }
+               
+               double pValue = (double)counter / (double) iters;
+               string pString = "";
+               if(pValue < 1/(double)iters){   pString = '<' + toString(1/(double)iters);      }
+               else                                            {       pString = toString(pValue);                                     }
+               
+               
+               //print anova table
+               it = groupSampleMap.begin();
+               AMOVAFile << it->first;
+               m->mothurOut(it->first);
+               it++;
+               for(it;it!=groupSampleMap.end();it++){
+                       AMOVAFile << '-' << it->first;
+                       m->mothurOut('-' + it->first);
+               }
+               
+               AMOVAFile << "\tAmong\tWithin\tTotal" << endl;
+               m->mothurOut("\tAmong\tWithin\tTotal\n");
+               
+               AMOVAFile << "SS\t" << ssAmongOrig << '\t' << ssWithinOrig << '\t' << ssTotalOrig << endl;
+               m->mothurOut("SS\t" + toString(ssAmongOrig) + '\t' + toString(ssWithinOrig) + '\t' + toString(ssTotalOrig) + '\n');
+               
+               int dfAmong = numGroups - 1;                            double MSAmong = ssAmongOrig / (double) dfAmong;
+               int dfWithin = totalNumSamples - numGroups;     double MSWithin = ssWithinOrig / (double) dfWithin;
+               int dfTotal = totalNumSamples - 1;                      double Fs = MSAmong / MSWithin;
+               
+               AMOVAFile << "df\t" << dfAmong << '\t' << dfWithin << '\t' << dfTotal << endl;
+               m->mothurOut("df\t" + toString(dfAmong) + '\t' + toString(dfWithin) + '\t' + toString(dfTotal) + '\n');
+
+               AMOVAFile << "MS\t" << MSAmong << '\t' << MSWithin << endl << endl;
+               m->mothurOut("MS\t" + toString(MSAmong) + '\t' + toString(MSWithin) + "\n\n");
+
+               AMOVAFile << "Fs:\t" << Fs << endl;
+               m->mothurOut("Fs:\t" + toString(Fs) + '\n');
+               
+               AMOVAFile << "p-value: " << pString;
+               m->mothurOut("p-value: " + pString);
+
+               if(pValue < alpha){
+                       AMOVAFile << "*";
+                       m->mothurOut("*");
+               }
+               AMOVAFile << endl << endl;
+               m->mothurOutEndLine();m->mothurOutEndLine();
+
+               return pValue;
+       }
+       catch(exception& e) {
+               m->errorOut(e, "AmovaCommand", "runAMOVA");
+               exit(1);
+       }
+}
+
+//**********************************************************************************************************************
+
+map<string, vector<int> > AmovaCommand::getRandomizedGroups(map<string, vector<int> > origMapping){
+       try{
+               vector<int> sampleIndices;
+               vector<int> samplesPerGroup;
+               
+               map<string, vector<int> >::iterator it;
+               for(it=origMapping.begin();it!=origMapping.end();it++){
+                       vector<int> indices = it->second;
+                       samplesPerGroup.push_back(indices.size());
+                       sampleIndices.insert(sampleIndices.end(), indices.begin(), indices.end());
+               }
+               
+               random_shuffle(sampleIndices.begin(), sampleIndices.end());
+               
+               int index = 0;
+               map<string, vector<int> > randomizedGroups = origMapping;
+               for(it=randomizedGroups.begin();it!=randomizedGroups.end();it++){
+                       for(int i=0;i<it->second.size();i++){
+                               it->second[i] = sampleIndices[index++];                         
+                       }
+               }
+
+               return randomizedGroups;                
+       }
+       catch (exception& e) {
+               m->errorOut(e, "AmovaCommand", "getRandomizedGroups");
+               exit(1);
+       }
+}
+
+//**********************************************************************************************************************
+
+double AmovaCommand::calcSSTotal(map<string, vector<int> >& groupSampleMap) {
+       try {
+               
+               vector<int> indices;
+               map<string, vector<int> >::iterator it;
+               for(it=groupSampleMap.begin();it!=groupSampleMap.end();it++){
+                       indices.insert(indices.end(), it->second.begin(), it->second.end());                    
+               }
+               sort(indices.begin(), indices.end());
+                       
+               int numIndices =indices.size();
+               double ssTotal = 0.0;
+               
+               for(int i=1;i<numIndices;i++){
+                       int row = indices[i];
+                       
+                       for(int j=0;j<i;j++){
+                               ssTotal += distanceMatrix[row][indices[j]];
+                       }
+               }
+               ssTotal /= numIndices;
+                       
+               return ssTotal;
+       }
+       catch(exception& e) {
+               m->errorOut(e, "AmovaCommand", "calcSSTotal");
+               exit(1);
+       }
+}
+
+//**********************************************************************************************************************
+
+double AmovaCommand::calcSSWithin(map<string, vector<int> >& groupSampleMap) {
+       try {
+
+               double ssWithin = 0.0;
+               
+               map<string, vector<int> >::iterator it;
+               for(it=groupSampleMap.begin();it!=groupSampleMap.end();it++){
+                       
+                       double withinGroup = 0;
+                       
+                       vector<int> samples = it->second;
+                       
+                       for(int i=0;i<samples.size();i++){
+                               int row = samples[i];
+
+                               for(int j=0;j<samples.size();j++){
+                                       int col = samples[j];
+
+                                       if(col < row){
+                                               withinGroup += distanceMatrix[row][col];
+                                       }
+                                       
+                               }
+                       }
+
+                       ssWithin += withinGroup / samples.size();
+               }
+
+               return ssWithin;
+       }
+       catch(exception& e) {
+               m->errorOut(e, "AmovaCommand", "calcSSWithin");
+               exit(1);
+       }
+}
+
+//**********************************************************************************************************************