]> git.donarmstrong.com Git - lilypond.git/blobdiff - lily/parser.yy
unsmob_pitch -> Pitch::unsmob and related
[lilypond.git] / lily / parser.yy
index ce65961e4a07f29674c5c71e1aff247bbfb8a80d..e8091ad2cf394ae63b665d7401c7d41601e02d17 100644 (file)
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /*
   This file is part of LilyPond, the GNU music typesetter.
 
-  Copyright (C) 1997--2012 Han-Wen Nienhuys <hanwen@xs4all.nl>
+  Copyright (C) 1997--2014 Han-Wen Nienhuys <hanwen@xs4all.nl>
                  Jan Nieuwenhuizen <janneke@gnu.org>
 
   LilyPond is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 #define YYLLOC_DEFAULT(Current,Rhs,N) \
        ((Current).set_location ((Rhs)[1], (Rhs)[N]))
 
-#define YYPRINT(file, type, value)                                      \
-        do {                                                            \
-                if (scm_is_eq (value, SCM_UNSPECIFIED))                 \
-                        break;                                          \
-                char *p = scm_to_locale_string                          \
-                        (scm_simple_format (SCM_BOOL_F,                 \
-                                            scm_from_locale_string ("~S"), \
-                                            scm_list_1 (value)));       \
-                fputs (p, file);                                        \
-                free (p);                                               \
-        } while (0)
+#define YYPRINT(file, type, value)                                     \
+       do {                                                            \
+               if (scm_is_eq (value, SCM_UNSPECIFIED))                 \
+                       break;                                          \
+               SCM s = scm_call_2 (ly_lily_module_constant ("value->lily-string"), \
+                                   value,                              \
+                                   parser->self_scm ());               \
+               char *p = scm_to_locale_string (s);                     \
+               fputs (p, file);                                        \
+               free (p);                                               \
+       } while (0)
 
 %}
 
@@ -80,33 +80,17 @@ or
 %nonassoc COMPOSITE
 %left ADDLYRICS
 
- /* ADDLYRICS needs to have lower precedence than argument scanning,
-  * or we won't be able to tell music apart from closed_music without
-  * lookahead in the context of function calls.
-  */
+%right ':' UNSIGNED REAL E_UNSIGNED EVENT_IDENTIFIER EVENT_FUNCTION '^' '_'
+       HYPHEN EXTENDER DURATION_IDENTIFIER '!'
 
-%nonassoc DEFAULT
-
- /* \default is only applied after exhausting function arguments */
-
-%nonassoc FUNCTION_ARGLIST
-
- /* expressions with units are permitted into argument lists */
-
-%right PITCH_IDENTIFIER NOTENAME_PITCH TONICNAME_PITCH
-      UNSIGNED REAL DURATION_IDENTIFIER ':'
-
- /* The above are the symbols that can start optional function arguments
-    that are recognized in the grammar rather than by predicate
+ /* The above are needed for collecting tremoli and other items (that
+    could otherwise be interpreted as belonging to the next function
+    argument) greedily, and together with the next rule will serve to
+    join numbers and units greedily instead of allowing them into
+    separate function arguments
  */
 
-%nonassoc NUMBER_IDENTIFIER '/'
-
- /* Number-unit expressions, where permitted, are concatenated into
-  * function arguments, just like fractions and tremoli.  Tremoli must
-  * not have higher precedence than UNSIGNED, or Lilypond will not
-  * join ':' with a following optional number.
-  */
+%nonassoc NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
 
 %left PREC_TOP
 
@@ -162,32 +146,36 @@ Lily_parser::parser_error (Input const *i, Lily_parser *parser, SCM *, const str
        parser->parser_error (*i, s);
 }
 
+// The following are somewhat precarious constructs as they may change
+// the value of the lookahead token.  That implies that the lookahead
+// token must not yet have made an impact on the state stack other
+// than causing the reduction of the current rule, or switching the
+// lookahead token while Bison is mulling it over will cause trouble.
+
 #define MYBACKUP(Token, Value, Location)                               \
-do                                                                     \
-       if (yychar == YYEMPTY)                                          \
-       {                                                               \
+       do {                                                            \
+               if (yychar != YYEMPTY)                                  \
+                       parser->lexer_->push_extra_token                \
+                               (yylloc, yychar, yylval);               \
                if (Token)                                              \
-                       parser->lexer_->push_extra_token (Token, Value); \
-               parser->lexer_->push_extra_token (BACKUP);              \
-       } else {                                                        \
-               parser->parser_error                                    \
-                       (Location, _("Too much lookahead"));            \
-       }                                                               \
-while (0)
+                       parser->lexer_->push_extra_token                \
+                               (Location, Token, Value);               \
+               parser->lexer_->push_extra_token (Location, BACKUP);    \
+               yychar = YYEMPTY;                                       \
+       } while (0)
 
 
 #define MYREPARSE(Location, Pred, Token, Value)                                \
-do                                                                     \
-       if (yychar == YYEMPTY)                                          \
-       {                                                               \
-               parser->lexer_->push_extra_token (Token, Value);        \
-               parser->lexer_->push_extra_token (REPARSE,              \
-                                                 Pred);                \
-       } else {                                                        \
-               parser->parser_error                                    \
-                       (Location, _("Too much lookahead"));            \
-       }                                                               \
-while (0)
+       do {                                                            \
+               if (yychar != YYEMPTY)                                  \
+                       parser->lexer_->push_extra_token                \
+                               (yylloc, yychar, yylval);               \
+               parser->lexer_->push_extra_token                        \
+                       (Location, Token, Value);                       \
+               parser->lexer_->push_extra_token                        \
+                       (Location, REPARSE, Pred);                      \
+               yychar = YYEMPTY;                                       \
+       } while (0)
 
 %}
 
@@ -285,6 +273,7 @@ int yylex (YYSTYPE *s, YYLTYPE *loc, Lily_parser *parser);
 %token REST "\\rest"
 %token REVERT "\\revert"
 %token SCORE "\\score"
+%token SCORELINES "\\score-lines"
 %token SEQUENTIAL "\\sequential"
 %token SET "\\set"
 %token SIMULTANEOUS "\\simultaneous"
@@ -343,7 +332,6 @@ If we give names, Bison complains.
 %token BOOK_IDENTIFIER
 %token CHORD_MODIFIER
 %token CHORD_REPETITION
-%token CONTEXT_DEF_IDENTIFIER
 %token CONTEXT_MOD_IDENTIFIER
 %token DRUM_PITCH
 %token PITCH_IDENTIFIER
@@ -360,7 +348,6 @@ If we give names, Bison complains.
 %token MUSIC_IDENTIFIER
 %token NOTENAME_PITCH
 %token NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
-%token OUTPUT_DEF_IDENTIFIER
 %token REAL
 %token RESTNAME
 %token SCM_ARG
@@ -419,6 +406,13 @@ toplevel_expression:
                SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-bookpart-handler");
                scm_call_2 (proc, parser->self_scm (), $1);
        }
+       | BOOK_IDENTIFIER {
+               SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier
+                       (Book::unsmob($1)->paper_
+                        ? "toplevel-book-handler"
+                        : "toplevel-bookpart-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, parser->self_scm (), $1);
+       }
        | score_block {
                SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-score-handler");
                scm_call_2 (proc, parser->self_scm (), $1);
@@ -437,7 +431,7 @@ toplevel_expression:
        }
        | SCM_TOKEN {
                // Evaluate and ignore #xxx, as opposed to \xxx
-               parser->lexer_->eval_scm_token ($1);
+               parser->lexer_->eval_scm_token ($1, @1);
        }
        | embedded_scm_active
        {
@@ -450,12 +444,27 @@ toplevel_expression:
                {
                        SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-text-handler");
                        scm_call_2 (proc, parser->self_scm (), out);
+               } else if (Score::unsmob ($1))
+               {
+                       SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-score-handler");
+                       scm_call_2 (proc, parser->self_scm (), $1);
+               } else if (Output_def * od = Output_def::unsmob ($1)) {
+                       SCM id = SCM_EOL;
+
+                       if (od->c_variable ("is-paper") == SCM_BOOL_T)
+                               id = ly_symbol2scm ("$defaultpaper");
+                       else if (od->c_variable ("is-midi") == SCM_BOOL_T)
+                               id = ly_symbol2scm ("$defaultmidi");
+                       else if (od->c_variable ("is-layout") == SCM_BOOL_T)
+                               id = ly_symbol2scm ("$defaultlayout");
+
+                       parser->lexer_->set_identifier (id, $1);
                } else if (!scm_is_eq ($1, SCM_UNSPECIFIED))
                        parser->parser_error (@1, _("bad expression type"));
        }
        | output_def {
                SCM id = SCM_EOL;
-               Output_def * od = unsmob_output_def ($1);
+               Output_def * od = Output_def::unsmob ($1);
 
                if (od->c_variable ("is-paper") == SCM_BOOL_T)
                        id = ly_symbol2scm ("$defaultpaper");
@@ -471,7 +480,7 @@ toplevel_expression:
 embedded_scm_bare:
        SCM_TOKEN
        {
-               $$ = parser->lexer_->eval_scm_token ($1);
+               $$ = parser->lexer_->eval_scm_token ($1, @1);
        }
        | SCM_IDENTIFIER
        ;
@@ -485,8 +494,9 @@ embedded_scm_bare_arg:
        SCM_ARG
        | SCM_TOKEN
        {
-               $$ = parser->lexer_->eval_scm_token ($1);
+               $$ = parser->lexer_->eval_scm_token ($1, @1);
        }
+       | FRACTION
        | full_markup_list
        | context_modification
        | score_block
@@ -525,6 +535,18 @@ scm_function_call:
        }
        ;
 
+embedded_lilypond_number:
+       '-' embedded_lilypond_number
+       {
+               $$ = scm_difference ($2, SCM_UNDEFINED);
+       }
+       | bare_number_common
+       | UNSIGNED NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
+       {
+               $$ = scm_product ($1, $2);
+       }
+       ;
+
 embedded_lilypond:
        /* empty */
        {
@@ -534,7 +556,31 @@ embedded_lilypond:
                // contains no source location.
                $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("void-music", @$);
        }
-       | identifier_init
+       | identifier_init_nonumber
+       | embedded_lilypond_number
+       | post_event post_events
+       {
+               $$ = scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL);
+               if (Music *m = unsmob_music ($1))
+               {
+                       if (m->is_mus_type ("post-event-wrapper"))
+                               $$ = scm_append
+                                       (scm_list_2 (m->get_property ("elements"),
+                                                    $$));
+                       else
+                               $$ = scm_cons ($1, $$);
+               }
+               if (scm_is_pair ($$)
+                   && scm_is_null (scm_cdr ($$)))
+                       $$ = scm_car ($$);
+               else
+               {
+                       Music * m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("PostEvents", @$);
+                       m->set_property ("elements", $$);
+                       $$ = m->unprotect ();
+               }
+       }
+       | multiplied_duration
        | music_embedded music_embedded music_list {
                $3 = scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL);
                if (unsmob_music ($2))
@@ -587,16 +633,17 @@ assignment:
                parser->lexer_->set_identifier (path, $4);
                 $$ = SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
        }
+       | assignment_id '.' property_path '=' identifier_init {
+               SCM path = scm_cons (scm_string_to_symbol ($1), $3);
+               parser->lexer_->set_identifier (path, $5);
+                $$ = SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
+       }
        ;
 
 
 identifier_init:
-       score_block
-       | book_block
-       | bookpart_block
-       | output_def
-       | context_def_spec_block
-       | music_assign
+       identifier_init_nonumber
+       | number_expression
        | post_event_nofinger post_events
        {
                $$ = scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL);
@@ -619,7 +666,16 @@ identifier_init:
                        $$ = m->unprotect ();
                }
        }
-       | number_expression
+       ;
+
+identifier_init_nonumber:
+       score_block
+       | book_block
+       | bookpart_block
+       | output_def
+       | context_def_spec_block
+       | music_assign
+       | pitch_or_music
        | FRACTION
        | string
         | embedded_scm
@@ -629,9 +685,14 @@ identifier_init:
 
 context_def_spec_block:
        CONTEXT '{' context_def_spec_body '}'
-               {
+       {
                $$ = $3;
-               unsmob_context_def ($$)->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
+               Context_def *td = Context_def::unsmob ($$);
+               if (!td) {
+                       $$ = Context_def::make_scm ();
+                       td = Context_def::unsmob ($$);
+               }
+               td->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
        }
        ;
 
@@ -649,47 +710,54 @@ context_mod_arg:
        }
        ;
 
-context_mod_embedded:
-       context_mod_arg
-       {
-               if (unsmob_music ($1)) {
-                       SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("context-mod-music-handler");
-                       $1 = scm_call_2 (proc, parser->self_scm (), $1);
-               }
-               if (unsmob_context_mod ($1))
-                       $$ = $1;
-               else {
-                       parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("not a context mod"));
-                       $$ = Context_mod ().smobbed_copy ();
-               }
-       }
-       ;
-
 
 context_def_spec_body:
        /**/ {
-               $$ = Context_def::make_scm ();
-       }
-       | CONTEXT_DEF_IDENTIFIER {
-               $$ = $1;
+               $$ = SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
        }
        | context_def_spec_body context_mod {
-               if (!SCM_UNBNDP ($2))
-                       unsmob_context_def ($$)->add_context_mod ($2);
+               if (!SCM_UNBNDP ($2)) {
+                       Context_def *td = Context_def::unsmob ($$);
+                       if (!td) {
+                               $$ = Context_def::make_scm ();
+                               td = Context_def::unsmob ($$);
+                       }
+                       Context_def::unsmob ($$)->add_context_mod ($2);
+               }
        }
        | context_def_spec_body context_modification {
-                Context_def *td = unsmob_context_def ($$);
-                SCM new_mods = unsmob_context_mod ($2)->get_mods ();
+                Context_def *td = Context_def::unsmob ($$);
+               if (!td) {
+                       $$ = Context_def::make_scm ();
+                       td = Context_def::unsmob ($$);
+               }
+                SCM new_mods = Context_mod::unsmob ($2)->get_mods ();
                 for (SCM m = new_mods; scm_is_pair (m); m = scm_cdr (m)) {
                     td->add_context_mod (scm_car (m));
                 }
        }
-       | context_def_spec_body context_mod_embedded {
-                Context_def *td = unsmob_context_def ($$);
-                SCM new_mods = unsmob_context_mod ($2)->get_mods ();
-                for (SCM m = new_mods; scm_is_pair (m); m = scm_cdr (m)) {
-                    td->add_context_mod (scm_car (m));
-                }
+       | context_def_spec_body context_mod_arg {
+               Context_def *td = Context_def::unsmob ($1);
+               if (scm_is_eq ($2, SCM_UNSPECIFIED))
+                       ;
+               else if (!td && Context_def::unsmob ($2))
+                       $$ = $2;
+               else {
+                       if (!td) {
+                               $$ = Context_def::make_scm ();
+                               td = Context_def::unsmob ($$);
+                       }
+                       if (unsmob_music ($2)) {
+                               SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("context-mod-music-handler");
+                               $2 = scm_call_2 (proc, parser->self_scm (), $2);
+                       }
+                       if (Context_mod *cm = Context_mod::unsmob ($2)) {
+                               for (SCM m = cm->get_mods (); scm_is_pair (m); m = scm_cdr (m)) {
+                                       td->add_context_mod (scm_car (m));
+                               }
+                       } else
+                               parser->parser_error (@2, _ ("not a context mod"));
+               }
        }
        ;
 
@@ -698,7 +766,7 @@ context_def_spec_body:
 book_block:
        BOOK '{' book_body '}'  {
                $$ = $3;
-               unsmob_book ($$)->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
+               Book::unsmob ($$)->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
                pop_paper (parser);
                parser->lexer_->set_identifier (ly_symbol2scm ("$current-book"), SCM_BOOL_F);
        }
@@ -711,7 +779,7 @@ book_body:
        {
                Book *book = new Book;
                init_papers (parser);
-               book->paper_ = dynamic_cast<Output_def*> (unsmob_output_def (parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("$defaultpaper"))->clone ());
+               book->paper_ = dynamic_cast<Output_def*> (Output_def::unsmob (parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("$defaultpaper"))->clone ());
                book->paper_->unprotect ();
                push_paper (parser, book->paper_);
                book->header_ = get_header (parser);
@@ -722,8 +790,8 @@ book_body:
                parser->lexer_->set_identifier (ly_symbol2scm ("$current-book"), $1);
        }
        | book_body paper_block {
-               unsmob_book ($1)->paper_ = unsmob_output_def ($2);
-               set_paper (parser, unsmob_output_def ($2));
+               Book::unsmob ($1)->paper_ = Output_def::unsmob ($2);
+               set_paper (parser, Output_def::unsmob ($2));
        }
        | book_body bookpart_block {
                SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("book-bookpart-handler");
@@ -747,7 +815,7 @@ book_body:
        }
        | book_body SCM_TOKEN {
                // Evaluate and ignore #xxx, as opposed to \xxx
-               parser->lexer_->eval_scm_token ($2);
+               parser->lexer_->eval_scm_token ($2, @2);
        }
        | book_body embedded_scm_active
        {
@@ -760,15 +828,30 @@ book_body:
                {
                        SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("book-text-handler");
                        scm_call_2 (proc, $1, out);
+               } else if (Score::unsmob ($2))
+               {
+                       SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("book-score-handler");
+                       scm_call_2 (proc, $1, $2);
+               } else if (Output_def *od = Output_def::unsmob ($2)) {
+                       SCM id = SCM_EOL;
+
+                       if (od->c_variable ("is-paper") == SCM_BOOL_T)
+                               id = ly_symbol2scm ("$defaultpaper");
+                       else if (od->c_variable ("is-midi") == SCM_BOOL_T)
+                               id = ly_symbol2scm ("$defaultmidi");
+                       else if (od->c_variable ("is-layout") == SCM_BOOL_T)
+                               id = ly_symbol2scm ("$defaultlayout");
+
+                       parser->lexer_->set_identifier (id, $2);
                } else if (!scm_is_eq ($2, SCM_UNSPECIFIED))
                        parser->parser_error (@2, _("bad expression type"));
        }
        | book_body
        {
-               parser->lexer_->add_scope (unsmob_book ($1)->header_);
+               parser->lexer_->add_scope (Book::unsmob ($1)->header_);
        } lilypond_header
        | book_body error {
-                Book *book = unsmob_book ($1);
+                Book *book = Book::unsmob ($1);
                book->paper_ = 0;
                book->scores_ = SCM_EOL;
                book->bookparts_ = SCM_EOL;
@@ -778,7 +861,7 @@ book_body:
 bookpart_block:
        BOOKPART '{' bookpart_body '}' {
                $$ = $3;
-               unsmob_book ($$)->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
+               Book::unsmob ($$)->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
                parser->lexer_->set_identifier (ly_symbol2scm ("$current-bookpart"), SCM_BOOL_F);
        }
        ;
@@ -793,7 +876,7 @@ bookpart_body:
                parser->lexer_->set_identifier (ly_symbol2scm ("$current-bookpart"), $1);
        }
        | bookpart_body paper_block {
-               unsmob_book ($$)->paper_ = unsmob_output_def ($2);
+               Book::unsmob ($$)->paper_ = Output_def::unsmob ($2);
        }
        | bookpart_body score_block {
                SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("bookpart-score-handler");
@@ -813,7 +896,7 @@ bookpart_body:
        }
        | bookpart_body SCM_TOKEN {
                // Evaluate and ignore #xxx, as opposed to \xxx
-               parser->lexer_->eval_scm_token ($2);
+               parser->lexer_->eval_scm_token ($2, @2);
        }
        | bookpart_body embedded_scm_active
        {
@@ -826,18 +909,33 @@ bookpart_body:
                {
                        SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("bookpart-text-handler");
                        scm_call_2 (proc, $1, out);
+               } else if (Score::unsmob ($2))
+               {
+                       SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("bookpart-score-handler");
+                       scm_call_2 (proc, $1, $2);
+               } else if (Output_def *od = Output_def::unsmob ($2)) {
+                       SCM id = SCM_EOL;
+
+                       if (od->c_variable ("is-paper") == SCM_BOOL_T)
+                               id = ly_symbol2scm ("$defaultpaper");
+                       else if (od->c_variable ("is-midi") == SCM_BOOL_T)
+                               id = ly_symbol2scm ("$defaultmidi");
+                       else if (od->c_variable ("is-layout") == SCM_BOOL_T)
+                               id = ly_symbol2scm ("$defaultlayout");
+
+                       parser->lexer_->set_identifier (id, $2);
                } else if (!scm_is_eq ($2, SCM_UNSPECIFIED))
                        parser->parser_error (@2, _("bad expression type"));
        }
        | bookpart_body
        {
-                Book *book = unsmob_book ($1);
+                Book *book = Book::unsmob ($1);
                if (!ly_is_module (book->header_))
                        book->header_ = ly_make_module (false);
                parser->lexer_->add_scope (book->header_);
        } lilypond_header
        | bookpart_body error {
-                Book *book = unsmob_book ($1);
+                Book *book = Book::unsmob ($1);
                book->paper_ = 0;
                book->scores_ = SCM_EOL;
        }
@@ -845,49 +943,103 @@ bookpart_body:
 
 score_block:
        SCORE '{' score_body '}'        {
+               Score::unsmob ($3)->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
                $$ = $3;
        }
        ;
 
 score_body:
-       music {
-               SCM scorify = ly_lily_module_constant ("scorify-music");
-               $$ = scm_call_2 (scorify, $1, parser->self_scm ());
-
-               unsmob_score ($$)->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
-       }
-       | embedded_scm_active {
-               Score *score;
-               if (unsmob_score ($1))
-                       score = new Score (*unsmob_score ($1));
-               else {
-                       score = new Score;
-                       parser->parser_error (@1, _("score expected"));
+       score_items {
+               if (!Score::unsmob ($1)) {
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, _("Missing music in \\score"));
+                       $$ = (new Score)->unprotect ();
+                       if (scm_is_pair ($1) && ly_is_module (scm_car ($1)))
+                       {
+                               Score::unsmob ($$)->set_header (scm_car ($1));
+                               $1 = scm_cdr ($1);
+                       }
+                       for (SCM p = scm_reverse_x ($1, SCM_EOL);
+                            scm_is_pair (p); p = scm_cdr (p))
+                       {
+                               Score::unsmob ($$)->
+                                       add_output_def (Output_def::unsmob (scm_car (p)));
+                       }
                }
-               unsmob_score ($$)->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = score->unprotect ();
        }
-       | score_body
-       {
-                Score *score = unsmob_score ($1);
-               if (!ly_is_module (score->get_header ()))
-                       score->set_header (ly_make_module (false));
-               parser->lexer_->add_scope (score->get_header ());
-       } lilypond_header
-       | score_body output_def {
-                Output_def *od = unsmob_output_def ($2);
-               if (od->lookup_variable (ly_symbol2scm ("is-paper")) == SCM_BOOL_T)
-               {
-                       parser->parser_error (@2, _("\\paper cannot be used in \\score, use \\layout instead"));
+       | score_body error {
+               Score::unsmob ($$)->error_found_ = true;
+       }
+       ;
 
+score_item:
+       embedded_scm
+       | music
+       | output_def
+       ;
+
+score_items:
+       /* empty */
+       {
+               $$ = SCM_EOL;
+       }
+       | score_items score_item
+       {
+               Output_def *od = Output_def::unsmob ($2);
+               if (od) {
+                       if (od->lookup_variable (ly_symbol2scm ("is-paper")) == SCM_BOOL_T)
+                       {
+                               parser->parser_error (@2, _("\\paper cannot be used in \\score, use \\layout instead"));
+                               od = 0;
+                               $2 = SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
+                       }
+               } else if (!Score::unsmob ($$)) {
+                       if (unsmob_music ($2)) {
+                               SCM scorify = ly_lily_module_constant ("scorify-music");
+                               $2 = scm_call_2 (scorify, $2, parser->self_scm ());
+                       }
+                       if (Score::unsmob ($2))
+                       {
+                               $$ = $2;
+                               $2 = SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
+                       }
                }
-               else
-               {
-                       unsmob_score ($1)->add_output_def (od);
+               Score *score = Score::unsmob ($$);
+               if (score && scm_is_pair ($1)) {
+                       if (ly_is_module (scm_car ($1)))
+                       {
+                               score->set_header (scm_car ($1));
+                               $1 = scm_cdr ($1);
+                       }
+                       for (SCM p = scm_reverse_x ($1, SCM_EOL);
+                            scm_is_pair (p); p = scm_cdr (p))
+                       {
+                               score->add_output_def (Output_def::unsmob (scm_car (p)));
+                       }
                }
+               if (od) {
+                       if (score)
+                               score->add_output_def (od);
+                       else if (scm_is_pair ($$) && ly_is_module (scm_car ($$)))
+                               scm_set_cdr_x ($$, scm_cons ($2, scm_cdr ($$)));
+                       else
+                               $$ = scm_cons ($2, $$);
+               } else if (!scm_is_eq ($2, SCM_UNSPECIFIED))
+                       parser->parser_error (@2, _("Spurious expression in \\score"));
        }
-       | score_body error {
-               unsmob_score ($$)->error_found_ = true;
+       | score_items
+       {
+               if (Score *score = Score::unsmob ($1)) {
+                       if (!ly_is_module (score->get_header ()))
+                               score->set_header (ly_make_module (false));
+                       parser->lexer_->add_scope (score->get_header ());
+               } else {
+                       if (!scm_is_pair ($1) || !ly_is_module (scm_car ($1)))
+                               $1 = scm_cons (ly_make_module (false), $1);
+                       parser->lexer_->add_scope (scm_car ($1));
+               }
+       } lilypond_header
+       {
+               $$ = $1;
        }
        ;
 
@@ -898,7 +1050,7 @@ score_body:
 
 paper_block:
        output_def {
-                Output_def *od = unsmob_output_def ($1);
+                Output_def *od = Output_def::unsmob ($1);
 
                if (od->lookup_variable (ly_symbol2scm ("is-paper")) != SCM_BOOL_T)
                {
@@ -911,7 +1063,8 @@ paper_block:
 
 output_def:
        output_def_body '}' {
-               $$ = $1;
+               if (scm_is_pair ($1))
+                       $$ = scm_car ($1);
 
                parser->lexer_->remove_scope ();
                parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
@@ -951,37 +1104,69 @@ output_def_head_with_mode_switch:
 // is still time to escape from notes mode.
 
 music_or_context_def:
-       music_arg
+       music_assign
        | context_def_spec_block
        ;
 
 output_def_body:
        output_def_head_with_mode_switch '{' {
-               $$ = $1;
-               unsmob_output_def ($$)->input_origin_.set_spot (@$);
-       }
-       | output_def_head_with_mode_switch '{' OUTPUT_DEF_IDENTIFIER    {
-               Output_def *o = unsmob_output_def ($3);
-               o->input_origin_.set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = o->self_scm ();
-               parser->lexer_->remove_scope ();
-               parser->lexer_->add_scope (o->scope_);
+               Output_def::unsmob ($1)->input_origin_.set_spot (@$);
+               // This is a stupid trick to mark the beginning of the
+               // body for deciding whether to allow
+               // embedded_scm_active to have an output definition
+               $$ = scm_list_1 ($1);
        }
        | output_def_body assignment  {
-
+               if (scm_is_pair ($1))
+                       $$ = scm_car ($1);
        }
-       | output_def_body embedded_scm  {
-
+       | output_def_body embedded_scm_active
+       {
+               // We don't switch into note mode for Scheme functions
+               // here.  Does not seem warranted/required in output
+               // definitions.
+               if (scm_is_pair ($1))
+               {
+                       Output_def *o = Output_def::unsmob ($2);
+                       if (o) {
+                               o->input_origin_.set_spot (@$);
+                               $1 = o->self_scm ();
+                               parser->lexer_->remove_scope ();
+                               parser->lexer_->add_scope (o->scope_);
+                               $2 = SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
+                       } else
+                               $1 = scm_car ($1);
+               }
+               if (Context_def::unsmob ($2))
+                       assign_context_def (Output_def::unsmob ($1), $2);
+               // Seems unlikely, but let's be complete:
+               else if (unsmob_music ($2))
+               {
+                       SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier
+                               ("output-def-music-handler");
+                       scm_call_3 (proc, parser->self_scm (),
+                                   $1, $2);
+               } else if (!scm_is_eq ($2, SCM_UNSPECIFIED))
+                       parser->parser_error (@2, _("bad expression type"));
+               $$ = $1;
+       }
+       | output_def_body SCM_TOKEN {
+               if (scm_is_pair ($1))
+                       $$ = scm_car ($1);
+               // Evaluate and ignore #xxx, as opposed to \xxx
+               parser->lexer_->eval_scm_token ($2, @2);
        }
        | output_def_body
        {
+               if (scm_is_pair ($1))
+                       $1 = scm_car ($1);
                SCM nn = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
                parser->lexer_->push_note_state (nn);
        } music_or_context_def
        {
                parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
-               if (unsmob_context_def ($3))
-                       assign_context_def (unsmob_output_def ($1), $3);
+               if (Context_def::unsmob ($3))
+                       assign_context_def (Output_def::unsmob ($1), $3);
                else {
 
                        SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier
@@ -989,6 +1174,7 @@ output_def_body:
                        scm_call_3 (proc, parser->self_scm (),
                                    $1, $3);
                }
+               $$ = $1;
        }
        | output_def_body error {
 
@@ -999,12 +1185,12 @@ tempo_event:
        TEMPO steno_duration '=' tempo_range    {
                $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("tempo", @$, SCM_EOL, $2, $4);
        }
-       | TEMPO scalar_closed steno_duration '=' tempo_range    {
+       | TEMPO scalar steno_duration '=' tempo_range   {
                $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("tempo", @$, $2, $3, $5);
        }
        | TEMPO scalar {
                $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("tempo", @$, $2);
-       }
+       } %prec ':'
        ;
 
 /*
@@ -1034,8 +1220,17 @@ braced_music_list:
        }
        ;
 
-music: music_arg
+music: music_assign
        | lyric_element_music
+       | pitch_or_music
+       {
+               $$ = make_music_from_simple (parser, @1, $1);
+                if (!unsmob_music ($$))
+               {
+                        parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("music expected"));
+                       $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("void-music", @$);
+               }
+       }
        ;
 
 music_embedded:
@@ -1054,6 +1249,18 @@ music_embedded:
        {
                $$ = $3;
        }
+       | multiplied_duration post_events
+       {
+               Music *n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent", @$);
+
+               parser->default_duration_ = *Duration::unsmob ($1);
+               n->set_property ("duration", $1);
+
+               if (scm_is_pair ($2))
+                       n->set_property ("articulations",
+                                        scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
+               $$ = n->unprotect ();
+       }
        ;
 
 music_embedded_backup:
@@ -1078,16 +1285,8 @@ music_embedded_backup:
        }
        ;
 
-music_arg:
-       simple_music
-       {
-               $$ = make_music_from_simple (parser, @1, $1);
-                if (!unsmob_music ($$))
-                        parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("music expected"));
-       }
-       | composite_music %prec COMPOSITE
-       ;
-
+// music_assign does not need to contain lyrics: there are no
+// assignments in lyricmode.
 music_assign:
        simple_music
        | composite_music %prec COMPOSITE
@@ -1152,7 +1351,7 @@ context_modification:
                        SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("context-mod-music-handler");
                        $2 = scm_call_2 (proc, parser->self_scm (), $2);
                }
-               if (unsmob_context_mod ($2))
+               if (Context_mod::unsmob ($2))
                        $$ = $2;
                else {
                        parser->parser_error (@2, _ ("not a context mod"));
@@ -1162,7 +1361,7 @@ context_modification:
         ;
 
 context_modification_arg:
-       embedded_scm_closed
+       embedded_scm
        | MUSIC_IDENTIFIER
        ;
 
@@ -1182,16 +1381,26 @@ context_mod_list:
         }
         | context_mod_list context_mod  {
                if (!SCM_UNBNDP ($2))
-                       unsmob_context_mod ($1)->add_context_mod ($2);
+                       Context_mod::unsmob ($1)->add_context_mod ($2);
         }
         | context_mod_list CONTEXT_MOD_IDENTIFIER {
-                 Context_mod *md = unsmob_context_mod ($2);
+                 Context_mod *md = Context_mod::unsmob ($2);
                  if (md)
-                     unsmob_context_mod ($1)->add_context_mods (md->get_mods ());
+                     Context_mod::unsmob ($1)->add_context_mods (md->get_mods ());
         }
-       | context_mod_list context_mod_embedded {
-               unsmob_context_mod ($1)->add_context_mods
-                       (unsmob_context_mod ($2)->get_mods ());
+       | context_mod_list context_mod_arg {
+               if (scm_is_eq ($2, SCM_UNSPECIFIED))
+                       ;
+               else if (unsmob_music ($2)) {
+                       SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("context-mod-music-handler");
+                       $2 = scm_call_2 (proc, parser->self_scm (), $2);
+               }
+               if (Context_mod::unsmob ($2))
+                       Context_mod::unsmob ($$)->add_context_mods
+                               (Context_mod::unsmob ($2)->get_mods ());
+               else {
+                       parser->parser_error (@2, _ ("not a context mod"));
+               }
         }
         ;
 
@@ -1200,16 +1409,6 @@ composite_music:
        | music_bare
        ;
 
-/* Music that can be parsed without lookahead */
-closed_music:
-       music_bare
-       | complex_music_prefix closed_music
-       {
-               $$ = FINISH_MAKE_SYNTAX ($1, @$, $2);
-       }
-       | music_function_call_closed
-       ;
-
 music_bare:
        mode_changed_music
        | MUSIC_IDENTIFIER
@@ -1249,13 +1448,6 @@ grouped_music_list:
  * will match and whether or not \default will be appearing in the
  * argument list, and where.
  *
- * Many of the basic nonterminals used for argument list scanning come
- * in a "normal" and a "closed" flavor.  A closed expression is one
- * that can be parsed without a lookahead token.  That makes it
- * feasible for an optional argument that may need to be skipped:
- * skipping can only be accomplished by pushing back the token into
- * the lexer, and that only works when there is no lookahead token.
- *
  * Sequences of 0 or more optional arguments are scanned using either
  * function_arglist_backup or function_arglist_nonbackup.  The first
  * is used when optional arguments are followed by at least one
@@ -1281,71 +1473,6 @@ grouped_music_list:
  *
  */
 
-function_arglist_nonbackup_common:
-       EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup FRACTION
-       {
-               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4, $4, $3, $2);
-       }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_nonbackup post_event_nofinger
-       {
-               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4, $4, $3, $2);
-       }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_nonbackup '-' UNSIGNED
-       {
-               SCM n = scm_difference ($5, SCM_UNDEFINED);
-               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, n)))
-                       $$ = scm_cons (n, $3);
-               else {
-                       Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("FingeringEvent", @5);
-                       t->set_property ("digit", $5);
-                       $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4, t->unprotect (),
-                                              $3, $2, n);
-               }
-               
-       }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_nonbackup '-' REAL
-       {
-               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4,
-                                      scm_difference ($5, SCM_UNDEFINED),
-                                      $3, $2);
-       }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_nonbackup '-' NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
-       {
-               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4,
-                                      scm_difference ($5, SCM_UNDEFINED),
-                                      $3, $2);
-       }
-       ;
-
-function_arglist_closed_nonbackup:
-       function_arglist_nonbackup_common
-       | function_arglist_closed_common
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup embedded_scm_arg_closed
-       {
-               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4, $4, $3, $2);
-       }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_nonbackup bare_number_closed
-       {
-               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4, $4, $3, $2);
-       }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup SCM_IDENTIFIER
-       {
-               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4,
-                                      try_string_variants ($2, $4),
-                                      $3, $2, $4);
-       }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup STRING
-       {
-               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4,
-                                      try_string_variants ($2, $4),
-                                      $3, $2, $4);
-       }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup full_markup
-       {
-               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4, $4, $3, $2);
-       }
-       ;
-
 symbol_list_arg:
        SYMBOL_LIST
        | SYMBOL_LIST '.' symbol_list_rev
@@ -1385,8 +1512,35 @@ symbol_list_element:
 
 
 function_arglist_nonbackup:
-       function_arglist_nonbackup_common
-       | function_arglist_common
+       function_arglist_common
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup post_event_nofinger
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4, $4, $3, $2);
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup '-' UNSIGNED
+       {
+               SCM n = scm_difference ($5, SCM_UNDEFINED);
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, n)))
+                       $$ = scm_cons (n, $3);
+               else {
+                       Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("FingeringEvent", @5);
+                       t->set_property ("digit", $5);
+                       $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4, t->unprotect (),
+                                              $3, $2, n);
+               }
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup '-' REAL
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4,
+                                      scm_difference ($5, SCM_UNDEFINED),
+                                      $3, $2);
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup '-' NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4,
+                                      scm_difference ($5, SCM_UNDEFINED),
+                                      $3, $2);
+       }
        | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup embedded_scm_arg
        {
                if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
@@ -1397,10 +1551,20 @@ function_arglist_nonbackup:
                                               (parser, @4, $4),
                                               $3, $2);
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_nonbackup bare_number_common
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup bare_number_common
        {
                $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4, $4, $3, $2);
        }
+       | function_arglist_nonbackup_reparse REPARSE pitch_or_music
+       {
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $3)))
+                       $$ = scm_cons ($3, $1);
+               else
+                       $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
+                                              make_music_from_simple
+                                              (parser, @3, $3),
+                                              $1, $2);
+       }
        | function_arglist_nonbackup_reparse REPARSE duration_length
        {
                $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3, $3, $1, $2);
@@ -1441,6 +1605,28 @@ function_arglist_nonbackup_reparse:
                else
                        MYREPARSE (@4, $2, SCM_ARG, $4);
        }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup pitch
+       {
+               $$ = $3;
+               if (scm_is_true
+                   (scm_call_1
+                    ($2, make_music_from_simple
+                     (parser, @4, $4))))
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, PITCH_IDENTIFIER, $4);
+               else
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, SCM_ARG, $4);
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup steno_tonic_pitch
+       {
+               $$ = $3;
+               if (scm_is_true
+                   (scm_call_1
+                    ($2, make_music_from_simple
+                     (parser, @4, $4))))
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, TONICNAME_PITCH, $4);
+               else
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, SCM_ARG, $4);
+       }
        | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup STRING
        {
                $$ = $3;
@@ -1471,7 +1657,7 @@ function_arglist_nonbackup_reparse:
                else
                        MYREPARSE (@4, $2, SCM_ARG, $4);
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_nonbackup UNSIGNED
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup UNSIGNED
        {
                $$ = $3;
                if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
@@ -1484,35 +1670,33 @@ function_arglist_nonbackup_reparse:
                                MYREPARSE (@4, $2, DURATION_IDENTIFIER, d);
                }
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_nonbackup DURATION_IDENTIFIER {
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup DURATION_IDENTIFIER {
                $$ = $3;
                MYREPARSE (@4, $2, DURATION_IDENTIFIER, $4);
        }
        ;
 
 
+// function_arglist_backup can't occur at the end of an argument
+// list.
 function_arglist_backup:
-       function_arglist_backup_common
-       | function_arglist_common
-       ;
-
-function_arglist_closed_backup:
-       function_arglist_backup_common
-       | function_arglist_closed_common
-       ;
-
-function_arglist_backup_common:
-       EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup embedded_scm_arg_closed
+       function_arglist_common
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup embedded_scm_arg
        {
                if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
-               {
                        $$ = scm_cons ($4, $3);
-               } else {
-                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@3, $1), $3);
-                       MYBACKUP (SCM_ARG, $4, @4);
+               else {
+                       $$ = make_music_from_simple (parser, @4, $4);
+                       if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $$)))
+                               $$ = scm_cons ($$, $3);
+                       else
+                       {
+                               $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@3, $1), $3);
+                               MYBACKUP (SCM_ARG, $4, @4);
+                       }
                }
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_backup post_event_nofinger
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup post_event_nofinger
        {
                if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
                {
@@ -1522,16 +1706,48 @@ function_arglist_backup_common:
                        MYBACKUP (EVENT_IDENTIFIER, $4, @4);
                }
        }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup pitch
+       {
+               if (scm_is_true
+                   (scm_call_1
+                    ($2, make_music_from_simple
+                     (parser, @4, $4))))
+               {
+                       $$ = $3;
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, PITCH_IDENTIFIER, $4);
+               } else if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
+                       $$ = scm_cons ($4, $3);
+               else {
+                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@3, $1), $3);
+                       MYBACKUP (PITCH_IDENTIFIER, $4, @4);
+               }
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup steno_tonic_pitch
+       {
+               if (scm_is_true
+                   (scm_call_1
+                    ($2, make_music_from_simple
+                     (parser, @4, $4))))
+               {
+                       $$ = $3;
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, TONICNAME_PITCH, $4);
+               } else if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
+                       $$ = scm_cons ($4, $3);
+               else {
+                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@3, $1), $3);
+                       MYBACKUP (TONICNAME_PITCH, $4, @4);
+               }
+       }
        | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup full_markup
        {
                if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
                        $$ = scm_cons ($4, $3);
                else {
                        $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@3, $1), $3);
-                       MYBACKUP (LYRIC_ELEMENT, $4, @4);
+                       MYBACKUP (SCM_IDENTIFIER, $4, @4);
                }
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_backup UNSIGNED
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup UNSIGNED
        {
                if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
                {
@@ -1549,7 +1765,7 @@ function_arglist_backup_common:
                        }
                }
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_backup REAL
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup REAL
        {
                if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
                {
@@ -1560,7 +1776,7 @@ function_arglist_backup_common:
                        MYBACKUP (REAL, $4, @4);
                }
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_backup NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
        {
                if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
                {
@@ -1570,17 +1786,7 @@ function_arglist_backup_common:
                        MYBACKUP (NUMBER_IDENTIFIER, $4, @4);
                }
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup FRACTION
-       {
-               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
-               {
-                       $$ = scm_cons ($4, $3);
-               } else {
-                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@3, $1), $3);
-                       MYBACKUP (FRACTION, $4, @4);
-               }
-       }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_backup '-' UNSIGNED
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup '-' UNSIGNED
        {
                SCM n = scm_difference ($5, SCM_UNDEFINED);
                if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, n))) {
@@ -1593,67 +1799,34 @@ function_arglist_backup_common:
                        if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $$)))
                                $$ = scm_cons ($$, $3);
                        else {
-                               $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@3, $1), $3);
-                               MYBACKUP (UNSIGNED, $5, @5);
-                               parser->lexer_->push_extra_token ('-');
-                       }
-               }
-               
-       }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_backup '-' REAL
-       {
-               SCM n = scm_difference ($5, SCM_UNDEFINED);
-               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, n))) {
-                       MYREPARSE (@5, $2, REAL, n);
-                       $$ = $3;
-               } else {
-                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@3, $1), $3);
-                       MYBACKUP (REAL, n, @5);
-               }
-       }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_backup '-' NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
-       {
-               SCM n = scm_difference ($5, SCM_UNDEFINED);
-               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, n))) {
-                       $$ = scm_cons (n, $3);
-               } else {
-                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@3, $1), $3);
-                       MYBACKUP (NUMBER_IDENTIFIER, n, @5);
-               }
-       }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup PITCH_IDENTIFIER
-       {
-               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
-               {
-                       $$ = scm_cons ($4, $3);
-               } else {
-                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@3, $1), $3);
-                       MYBACKUP (PITCH_IDENTIFIER, $4, @4);
+                               $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@3, $1), $3);
+                               MYBACKUP (UNSIGNED, $5, @5);
+                               parser->lexer_->push_extra_token (@4, '-');
+                       }
                }
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup NOTENAME_PITCH
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup '-' REAL
        {
-               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
-               {
-                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, NOTENAME_PITCH, $4);
+               SCM n = scm_difference ($5, SCM_UNDEFINED);
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, n))) {
+                       MYREPARSE (@5, $2, REAL, n);
                        $$ = $3;
                } else {
                        $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@3, $1), $3);
-                       MYBACKUP (NOTENAME_PITCH, $4, @4);
+                       MYBACKUP (REAL, n, @5);
                }
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup TONICNAME_PITCH
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup '-' NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
        {
-               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
-               {
-                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, TONICNAME_PITCH, $4);
-                       $$ = $3;
+               SCM n = scm_difference ($5, SCM_UNDEFINED);
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, n))) {
+                       $$ = scm_cons (n, $3);
                } else {
                        $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@3, $1), $3);
-                       MYBACKUP (TONICNAME_PITCH, $4, @4);
+                       MYBACKUP (NUMBER_IDENTIFIER, n, @5);
                }
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_backup DURATION_IDENTIFIER
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup DURATION_IDENTIFIER
        {
                if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
                {
@@ -1694,6 +1867,16 @@ function_arglist_backup_common:
                        MYBACKUP (STRING, $4, @4);
                }
        }
+       | function_arglist_backup REPARSE pitch_or_music
+       {
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $3)))
+                       $$ = scm_cons ($3, $1);
+               else
+                       $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
+                                              make_music_from_simple
+                                              (parser, @3, $3),
+                                              $1, $2);
+       }
        | function_arglist_backup REPARSE bare_number_common
        {
                $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
@@ -1708,10 +1891,6 @@ function_arglist_backup_common:
        {
                $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3, $3, $1, $2);
        }
-       | function_arglist_backup REPARSE pitch_also_in_chords
-       {
-               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3, $3, $1, $2);
-       }
        ;
 
 function_arglist:
@@ -1744,22 +1923,17 @@ function_arglist_common:
                                               (parser, @3, $3),
                                               $2, $1);
        }
-       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_optional bare_number_common
-       {
-               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
-                                      $3, $2, $1);
-       }
-       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional FRACTION
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional bare_number_common
        {
                $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
                                       $3, $2, $1);
        }
-       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_optional post_event_nofinger
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional post_event_nofinger
        {
                $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
                                       $3, $2, $1);
        }
-       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_optional '-' NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional '-' NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
        {
                SCM n = scm_difference ($4, SCM_UNDEFINED);
                $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4, n, $2, $1);
@@ -1774,6 +1948,16 @@ function_arglist_common:
                $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
                                       $3, $1, $2);
        }
+       | function_arglist_common_reparse REPARSE pitch_or_music
+       {
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $3)))
+                       $$ = scm_cons ($3, $1);
+               else
+                       $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
+                                              make_music_from_simple
+                                              (parser, @3, $3),
+                                              $1, $2);
+       }
        | function_arglist_common_reparse REPARSE bare_number_common
        {
                $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
@@ -1809,6 +1993,28 @@ function_arglist_common_reparse:
                        // know the predicate to be false.
                        MYREPARSE (@3, $1, SCM_ARG, $3);
        }
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional pitch
+       {
+               $$ = $2;
+               if (scm_is_true
+                   (scm_call_1
+                    ($1, make_music_from_simple
+                     (parser, @3, $3))))
+                       MYREPARSE (@3, $1, PITCH_IDENTIFIER, $3);
+               else
+                       MYREPARSE (@3, $1, SCM_ARG, $3);
+       }
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional steno_tonic_pitch
+       {
+               $$ = $2;
+               if (scm_is_true
+                   (scm_call_1
+                    ($1, make_music_from_simple
+                     (parser, @3, $3))))
+                       MYREPARSE (@3, $1, TONICNAME_PITCH, $3);
+               else
+                       MYREPARSE (@3, $1, SCM_ARG, $3);
+       }
        | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional STRING
        {
                $$ = $2;
@@ -1841,7 +2047,7 @@ function_arglist_common_reparse:
                        // know the predicate to be false.
                        MYREPARSE (@3, $1, SCM_ARG, $3);
        }
-       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_optional UNSIGNED
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional UNSIGNED
        {
                $$ = $2;
                if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($1, $3)))
@@ -1854,12 +2060,12 @@ function_arglist_common_reparse:
                                MYREPARSE (@3, $1, DURATION_IDENTIFIER, d);
                }
        }
-       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_optional DURATION_IDENTIFIER
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional DURATION_IDENTIFIER
        {
                $$ = $2;
                MYREPARSE (@3, $1, DURATION_IDENTIFIER, $3);
        }
-       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_optional '-' UNSIGNED
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional '-' UNSIGNED
        {
                $$ = $2;
                SCM n = scm_difference ($4, SCM_UNDEFINED);
@@ -1874,9 +2080,8 @@ function_arglist_common_reparse:
                        else
                                MYREPARSE (@4, $1, SCM_ARG, $4);
                }
-               
        }
-       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_optional '-' REAL
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional '-' REAL
        {
                $$ = $2;
                SCM n = scm_difference ($4, SCM_UNDEFINED);
@@ -1884,60 +2089,6 @@ function_arglist_common_reparse:
        }
        ;
 
-function_arglist_closed:
-       function_arglist_closed_nonbackup
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_skip_nonbackup DEFAULT
-       {
-               $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@4, $1), $3);
-       }
-       ;
-
-function_arglist_closed_common:
-       EXPECT_NO_MORE_ARGS {
-               $$ = SCM_EOL;
-       }
-       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional embedded_scm_arg_closed
-       {
-               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
-                                      $3, $2, $1);
-       }
-       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_optional bare_number_common_closed
-       {
-               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
-                                      $3, $2, $1);
-       }
-       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_optional '-' NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
-       {
-               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
-                                      scm_difference ($4, SCM_UNDEFINED),
-                                      $2, $1);
-       }
-       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_optional post_event_nofinger
-       {
-               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
-                                      $3, $2, $1);
-       }
-       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional FRACTION
-       {
-               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
-                                      $3, $2, $1);
-       }
-       | function_arglist_common_reparse REPARSE SCM_ARG
-       {
-               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
-                                      $3, $1, $2);
-       }
-       | function_arglist_common_reparse REPARSE bare_number_common_closed
-       {
-               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
-                                      $3, $1, $2);
-       }
-       | function_arglist_common_reparse REPARSE symbol_list_arg
-       {
-               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3, $3, $1, $2);
-       }
-       ;
-
 function_arglist_optional:
        function_arglist_backup
        | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_skip_backup DEFAULT
@@ -1955,33 +2106,6 @@ function_arglist_skip_backup:
        }
        ;
 
-function_arglist_closed_optional:
-       function_arglist_closed_backup
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_skip_backup DEFAULT
-       {
-               $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@4, $1), $3);
-       }
-       | function_arglist_skip_backup BACKUP
-       ;
-
-embedded_scm_closed:
-       embedded_scm_bare
-       | scm_function_call_closed
-       ;
-
-embedded_scm_arg_closed:
-       embedded_scm_bare_arg
-       | scm_function_call_closed
-       | closed_music
-       ;
-
-scm_function_call_closed:
-       SCM_FUNCTION function_arglist_closed {
-               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("music-function", @$,
-                                        $1, $2);
-       }
-       ;
-
 music_function_call:
        MUSIC_FUNCTION function_arglist {
                $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("music-function", @$,
@@ -1997,6 +2121,23 @@ optional_id:
        }
        ;
 
+// We must not have lookahead tokens parsed in lyric mode.  In order
+// to save confusion, we take almost the same set as permitted with
+// \lyricmode and/or \lyrics.  However, music identifiers are also
+// allowed, and they obviously do not require switching into lyrics
+// mode for parsing.
+
+lyric_mode_music:
+       {
+               parser->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
+       } grouped_music_list
+       {
+               parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               $$ = $2;
+       }
+       | MUSIC_IDENTIFIER
+       ;
+
 complex_music:
        music_function_call
        | repeated_music                { $$ = $1; }
@@ -2009,14 +2150,14 @@ complex_music:
 
 complex_music_prefix:
        CONTEXT symbol optional_id optional_context_mod {
-                Context_mod *ctxmod = unsmob_context_mod ($4);
+                Context_mod *ctxmod = Context_mod::unsmob ($4);
                 SCM mods = SCM_EOL;
                 if (ctxmod)
                         mods = ctxmod->get_mods ();
                $$ = START_MAKE_SYNTAX ("context-specification", $2, $3, mods, SCM_BOOL_F);
        }
        | NEWCONTEXT symbol optional_id optional_context_mod {
-                Context_mod *ctxmod = unsmob_context_mod ($4);
+                Context_mod *ctxmod = Context_mod::unsmob ($4);
                 SCM mods = SCM_EOL;
                 if (ctxmod)
                         mods = ctxmod->get_mods ();
@@ -2037,7 +2178,7 @@ mode_changed_music:
                parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
        }
        | mode_changing_head_with_context optional_context_mod grouped_music_list {
-                Context_mod *ctxmod = unsmob_context_mod ($2);
+                Context_mod *ctxmod = Context_mod::unsmob ($2);
                 SCM mods = SCM_EOL;
                 if (ctxmod)
                         mods = ctxmod->get_mods ();
@@ -2109,20 +2250,11 @@ mode_changing_head_with_context:
        ;
 
 new_lyrics:
-       ADDLYRICS { parser->lexer_->push_lyric_state (); }
-       /*cont */
-       composite_music {
-       /* Can also use music at the expensive of two S/Rs similar to
-           \repeat \alternative */
-               parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
-
-               $$ = scm_cons ($3, SCM_EOL);
+       ADDLYRICS lyric_mode_music {
+               $$ = scm_list_1 ($2);
        }
-       | new_lyrics ADDLYRICS {
-               parser->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
-       } composite_music {
-               parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
-               $$ = scm_cons ($4, $1);
+       | new_lyrics ADDLYRICS lyric_mode_music {
+               $$ = scm_cons ($3, $1);
        }
        ;
 
@@ -2130,17 +2262,14 @@ re_rhythmed_music:
        composite_music new_lyrics {
                $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("add-lyrics", @$, $1, scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
        } %prec COMPOSITE
-       | LYRICSTO simple_string {
-               parser->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
-       } music {
-               parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
-               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("lyric-combine", @$, $2, $4);
+       | LYRICSTO simple_string lyric_mode_music {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("lyric-combine", @$, $2, $3);
        }
        ;
 
 context_change:
-       CHANGE STRING '=' STRING  {
-               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("context-change", @$, scm_string_to_symbol ($2), $4);
+       CHANGE symbol '=' simple_string  {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("context-change", @$, $2, $4);
        }
        ;
 
@@ -2228,7 +2357,7 @@ revert_arg_part:
        | revert_arg_backup BACKUP SCM_ARG symbol_list_part
        {
                $$ = scm_append_x (scm_list_2 ($4, $3));
-       }               
+       }
        ;
 
 context_def_mod:
@@ -2386,10 +2515,10 @@ simple_revert_context:
                    (scm_object_property (scm_car ($1),
                                          ly_symbol2scm ("is-grob?")))) {
                        $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("Bottom");
-                       parser->lexer_->push_extra_token (SCM_IDENTIFIER, $1);
+                       parser->lexer_->push_extra_token (@1, SCM_IDENTIFIER, $1);
                } else {
                        $$ = scm_car ($1);
-                       parser->lexer_->push_extra_token (SCM_IDENTIFIER,
+                       parser->lexer_->push_extra_token (@1, SCM_IDENTIFIER,
                                                          scm_cdr ($1));
                }
        }
@@ -2447,6 +2576,7 @@ symbol:
 
 scalar:
        embedded_scm_arg
+       | pitch_or_music
        | SCM_IDENTIFIER
        | bare_number
        // The following is a rather defensive variant of admitting
@@ -2460,63 +2590,30 @@ scalar:
        {
                $$ = scm_difference ($2, SCM_UNDEFINED);
        }
-       | FRACTION
-       | STRING
-       | full_markup
-       ;
-
-scalar_closed:
-       embedded_scm_arg_closed
-       | SCM_IDENTIFIER
-       // for scalar_closed to be an actually closed (no lookahead)
-       // expression, we'd need to use bare_number_closed here.  It
-       // turns out that the only use of scalar_closed in TEMPO is
-       // not of the kind requiring the full closedness criterion.
-       | bare_number
-       | '-' bare_number
-       {
-               $$ = scm_difference ($2, SCM_UNDEFINED);
-       }
-       | FRACTION
-       | STRING
-       | full_markup
+       | string
        ;
 
-
 event_chord:
        simple_element post_events {
                // Let the rhythmic music iterator sort this mess out.
                if (scm_is_pair ($2)) {
-                       $$ = make_music_from_simple (parser, @1, $1);
-                       if (unsmob_music ($$))
-                                unsmob_music ($$)->set_property ("articulations",
-                                                                 scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
-                        else
-                                parser->parser_error (@1, _("music expected"));
+                       unsmob_music ($$)->set_property ("articulations",
+                                                        scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
                }
-       }
-       | simple_chord_elements post_events     {
-               SCM elts = ly_append2 ($1, scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
-
-               Input i;
-               /* why is this giving wrong start location? -ns
-                * i = @$; */
-               i.set_location (@1, @2);
-               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("event-chord", i, elts);
-       }
+       } %prec ':'
        | CHORD_REPETITION optional_notemode_duration post_events {
                Input i;
                i.set_location (@1, @3);
                $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("repetition-chord", i,
                                  $2, scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL));
-       }
+       } %prec ':'
        | MULTI_MEASURE_REST optional_notemode_duration post_events {
                Input i;
                i.set_location (@1, @3);
                $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("multi-measure-rest", i, $2,
                                  scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL));
-       }
-       | command_element
+       } %prec ':'
+       | tempo_event
        | note_chord_element
        ;
 
@@ -2525,7 +2622,7 @@ note_chord_element:
        chord_body optional_notemode_duration post_events
        {
                Music *m = unsmob_music ($1);
-               SCM dur = unsmob_duration ($2)->smobbed_copy ();
+               SCM dur = Duration::unsmob ($2)->smobbed_copy ();
                SCM es = m->get_property ("elements");
                SCM postevs = scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL);
 
@@ -2536,7 +2633,7 @@ note_chord_element:
                m-> set_property ("elements", es);
                m->set_spot (@$);
                $$ = m->self_scm ();
-       }
+       } %prec ':'
        ;
 
 chord_body:
@@ -2544,6 +2641,10 @@ chord_body:
        {
                $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("event-chord", @$, scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
        }
+       | FIGURE_OPEN figure_list FIGURE_CLOSE
+       {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("event-chord", @$, scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
+       }
        ;
 
 chord_body_elements:
@@ -2610,40 +2711,16 @@ chord_body_element:
 music_function_chord_body:
        music_function_call
        | MUSIC_IDENTIFIER
-       ;
-
-// Event functions may only take closed arglists, otherwise it would
-// not be clear whether a following postevent should be associated
-// with the last argument of the event function or with the expression
-// for which the function call acts itself as event.
-
-music_function_call_closed:
-       MUSIC_FUNCTION function_arglist_closed {
-               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("music-function", @$,
-                                        $1, $2);
-       }
+       | embedded_scm
        ;
 
 event_function_event:
-       EVENT_FUNCTION function_arglist_closed {
+       EVENT_FUNCTION function_arglist {
                $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("music-function", @$,
                                         $1, $2);
        }
        ;
 
-command_element:
-       command_event {
-               $$ = $1;
-       }
-       ;
-
-command_event:
-       tempo_event {
-               $$ = $1;
-       }
-       ;
-
-
 post_events:
        /* empty */ {
                $$ = SCM_EOL;
@@ -2672,7 +2749,7 @@ post_event_nofinger:
        direction_less_event {
                $$ = $1;
        }
-       | script_dir music_function_call_closed {
+       | script_dir music_function_call {
                $$ = $2;
                if (!unsmob_music ($2)->is_mus_type ("post-event")) {
                        parser->parser_error (@2, _ ("post-event expected"));
@@ -2717,7 +2794,7 @@ post_event_nofinger:
        {
                $$ = $2;
                unsmob_music ($$)->set_property ("direction", scm_from_int (DOWN));
-       }                       
+       }
        ;
 
 post_event:
@@ -2745,7 +2822,7 @@ direction_less_event:
                a->set_property ("tremolo-type", $1);
                $$ = a->unprotect ();
         }
-       | event_function_event  
+       | event_function_event
        ;
 
 direction_reqd_event:
@@ -2754,11 +2831,21 @@ direction_reqd_event:
        }
        | script_abbreviation {
                SCM s = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("dash" + ly_scm2string ($1));
-               Music *a = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("ArticulationEvent", @$);
-               if (scm_is_string (s))
+               if (scm_is_string (s)) {
+                       Music *a = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("ArticulationEvent", @$);
                        a->set_property ("articulation-type", s);
-               else parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("expecting string as script definition"));
-               $$ = a->unprotect ();
+                       $$ = a->unprotect ();
+               } else {
+                       Music *original = unsmob_music (s);
+                       if (original && original->is_mus_type ("post-event")) {
+                               Music *a = original->clone ();
+                               a->set_spot (parser->lexer_->override_input (@$));
+                               $$ = a->unprotect ();
+                       } else {
+                               parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("expecting string or post-event as script definition"));
+                               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("PostEvents", @$)->unprotect ();
+                       }
+               }
        }
        ;
 
@@ -2798,8 +2885,8 @@ steno_pitch:
        NOTENAME_PITCH quotes {
                 if (!scm_is_eq (SCM_INUM0, $2))
                 {
-                        Pitch p = *unsmob_pitch ($1);
-                        p = p.transposed (Pitch (scm_to_int ($2),0,0));
+                        Pitch p = *Pitch::unsmob ($1);
+                        p = p.transposed (Pitch (scm_to_int ($2), 0));
                         $$ = p.smobbed_copy ();
                 }
        }
@@ -2813,8 +2900,8 @@ steno_tonic_pitch:
        TONICNAME_PITCH quotes {
                 if (!scm_is_eq (SCM_INUM0, $2))
                 {
-                        Pitch p = *unsmob_pitch ($1);
-                        p = p.transposed (Pitch (scm_to_int ($2),0,0));
+                        Pitch p = *Pitch::unsmob ($1);
+                        p = p.transposed (Pitch (scm_to_int ($2), 0));
                         $$ = p.smobbed_copy ();
                 }
        }
@@ -2822,12 +2909,14 @@ steno_tonic_pitch:
 
 pitch:
        steno_pitch
-       | PITCH_IDENTIFIER
-       ;
-
-pitch_also_in_chords:
-       pitch
-       | steno_tonic_pitch
+       | PITCH_IDENTIFIER quotes {
+                if (!scm_is_eq (SCM_INUM0, $2))
+                {
+                        Pitch p = *Pitch::unsmob ($1);
+                        p = p.transposed (Pitch (scm_to_int ($2), 0));
+                        $$ = p.smobbed_copy ();
+                }
+       }
        ;
 
 gen_text_def:
@@ -2842,7 +2931,7 @@ gen_text_def:
                        make_simple_markup ($1));
                $$ = t->unprotect ();
        }
-       | embedded_scm_closed
+       | embedded_scm
        {
                Music *m = unsmob_music ($1);
                if (m && m->is_mus_type ("post-event"))
@@ -2903,10 +2992,10 @@ duration_length:
 maybe_notemode_duration:
        {
                $$ = SCM_UNDEFINED;
-       }
+       } %prec ':'
        | multiplied_duration   {
                $$ = $1;
-               parser->default_duration_ = *unsmob_duration ($$);
+               parser->default_duration_ = *Duration::unsmob ($$);
        }
 ;
 
@@ -2929,7 +3018,7 @@ steno_duration:
                }
        }
        | DURATION_IDENTIFIER dots      {
-               Duration *d = unsmob_duration ($1);
+               Duration *d = Duration::unsmob ($1);
                Duration k (d->duration_log (),
                             d->dot_count () + scm_to_int ($2));
                k = k.compressed (d->factor ());
@@ -2943,12 +3032,12 @@ multiplied_duration:
                $$ = $1;
        }
        | multiplied_duration '*' UNSIGNED {
-               $$ = unsmob_duration ($$)->compressed (scm_to_int ($3)).smobbed_copy ();
+               $$ = Duration::unsmob ($$)->compressed (scm_to_int ($3)).smobbed_copy ();
        }
        | multiplied_duration '*' FRACTION {
                Rational  m (scm_to_int (scm_car ($3)), scm_to_int (scm_cdr ($3)));
 
-               $$ = unsmob_duration ($$)->compressed (m).smobbed_copy ();
+               $$ = Duration::unsmob ($$)->compressed (m).smobbed_copy ();
        }
        ;
 
@@ -2963,12 +3052,16 @@ dots:
 
 tremolo_type:
        ':'     {
-               $$ = SCM_INUM0;
+               $$ = scm_from_int (parser->default_tremolo_type_);
        }
        | ':' UNSIGNED {
-               if (SCM_UNBNDP (make_duration ($2)))
+               if (SCM_UNBNDP (make_duration ($2))) {
                        parser->parser_error (@2, _ ("not a duration"));
-               $$ = $2;
+                       $$ = scm_from_int (parser->default_tremolo_type_);
+               } else {
+                       $$ = $2;
+                       parser->default_tremolo_type_ = scm_to_int ($2);
+               }
        }
        ;
 
@@ -3068,56 +3161,72 @@ figure_list:
        }
        ;
 
-figure_spec:
-       FIGURE_OPEN figure_list FIGURE_CLOSE {
-               $$ = scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL);
-       }
-       ;
-
-
 optional_rest:
        /**/   { $$ = SCM_BOOL_F; }
        | REST { $$ = SCM_BOOL_T; }
        ;
 
-simple_element:
-       pitch exclamations questions octave_check maybe_notemode_duration optional_rest {
+pitch_or_music:
+       pitch exclamations questions octave_check maybe_notemode_duration optional_rest post_events {
                if (!parser->lexer_->is_note_state ())
                        parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Note mode for notes"));
                if (!SCM_UNBNDP ($2)
                     || !SCM_UNBNDP ($3)
                     || scm_is_number ($4)
                     || !SCM_UNBNDP ($5)
-                    || scm_is_true ($6))
+                    || scm_is_true ($6)
+                   || scm_is_pair ($7))
                {
                        Music *n = 0;
                        if (scm_is_true ($6))
                                n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("RestEvent", @$);
                        else
                                n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent", @$);
-                       
+
                        n->set_property ("pitch", $1);
                        if (SCM_UNBNDP ($5))
                                n->set_property ("duration",
                                                 parser->default_duration_.smobbed_copy ());
                        else
                                n->set_property ("duration", $5);
-                       
+
                        if (scm_is_number ($4))
                        {
                                int q = scm_to_int ($4);
                                n->set_property ("absolute-octave", scm_from_int (q-1));
                        }
-                       
+
                        if (to_boolean ($3))
                                n->set_property ("cautionary", SCM_BOOL_T);
                        if (to_boolean ($2) || to_boolean ($3))
                                n->set_property ("force-accidental", SCM_BOOL_T);
-                       
+                       if (scm_is_pair ($7))
+                               n->set_property ("articulations",
+                                                scm_reverse_x ($7, SCM_EOL));
                        $$ = n->unprotect ();
                }
-       }
-       | DRUM_PITCH optional_notemode_duration {
+       } %prec ':'
+       | new_chord post_events {
+               if (!parser->lexer_->is_chord_state ())
+                        parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Chord mode for chords"));
+               if (scm_is_pair ($2)) {
+                       if (Pitch::unsmob ($1))
+                               $1 = make_chord_elements (@1,
+                                                         $1,
+                                                         parser->default_duration_.smobbed_copy (),
+                                                         SCM_EOL);
+
+                       SCM elts = ly_append2 ($1, scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
+
+                       $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("event-chord", @1, elts);
+               } else if (!Pitch::unsmob ($1))
+                       $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("event-chord", @1, $1);
+               // A mere pitch drops through.
+       } %prec ':'
+       ;
+
+simple_element:
+       DRUM_PITCH optional_notemode_duration {
                Music *n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent", @$);
                n->set_property ("duration", $2);
                n->set_property ("drum-type", $1);
@@ -3139,21 +3248,6 @@ simple_element:
        }
        ;
 
-simple_chord_elements:
-       new_chord {
-                if (!parser->lexer_->is_chord_state ())
-                        parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Chord mode for chords"));
-                $$ = $1;
-       }
-       | figure_spec optional_notemode_duration {
-               for (SCM s = $1; scm_is_pair (s); s = scm_cdr (s))
-               {
-                       unsmob_music (scm_car (s))->set_property ("duration", $2);
-               }
-               $$ = $1;
-       }
-       ;
-
 lyric_element:
        full_markup {
                if (!parser->lexer_->is_lyric_state ())
@@ -3174,17 +3268,21 @@ lyric_element_music:
                if (scm_is_pair ($3))
                        unsmob_music ($$)->set_property
                                ("articulations", scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL));
-       }
+       } %prec ':'
        ;
 
+// Can return a single pitch rather than a list.
 new_chord:
-       steno_tonic_pitch optional_notemode_duration   {
-               $$ = make_chord_elements (@$, $1, $2, SCM_EOL);
+       steno_tonic_pitch maybe_notemode_duration   {
+               if (SCM_UNBNDP ($2))
+                       $$ = $1;
+               else
+                       $$ = make_chord_elements (@$, $1, $2, SCM_EOL);
        }
        | steno_tonic_pitch optional_notemode_duration chord_separator chord_items {
                SCM its = scm_reverse_x ($4, SCM_EOL);
                $$ = make_chord_elements (@$, $1, $2, scm_cons ($3, its));
-       }
+       } %prec ':'
        ;
 
 chord_items:
@@ -3243,10 +3341,10 @@ step_number:
        ;
 
 tempo_range:
-       UNSIGNED {
+       unsigned_number {
                $$ = $1;
-       }
-       | UNSIGNED '-' UNSIGNED {
+       } %prec ':'
+       | unsigned_number '-' unsigned_number {
                $$ = scm_cons ($1, $3);
        }
        ;
@@ -3287,18 +3385,14 @@ number_factor:
        ;
 
 bare_number_common:
-       bare_number_common_closed
+       REAL
+       | NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
        | REAL NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
        {
                $$ = scm_product ($1, $2);
        }
        ;
 
-bare_number_common_closed:
-       REAL
-       | NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
-       ;
-
 bare_number:
        bare_number_common
        | UNSIGNED
@@ -3307,14 +3401,26 @@ bare_number:
        }
        ;
 
-bare_number_closed:
-       UNSIGNED
-       | bare_number_common_closed
-       ;
-
 unsigned_number:
        UNSIGNED
        | NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
+       {
+               if (!scm_is_integer ($1)
+                   || scm_is_true (scm_negative_p ($1)))
+               {
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, _("not an unsigned integer"));
+                       $$ = SCM_INUM0;
+               }
+       }
+       | embedded_scm
+       {
+               if (!scm_is_integer ($1)
+                   || scm_is_true (scm_negative_p ($1)))
+               {
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, _("not an unsigned integer"));
+                       $$ = SCM_INUM0;
+               }
+       }
        ;
 
 exclamations:
@@ -3329,7 +3435,13 @@ exclamations:
        ;
 
 questions:
-       { $$ = SCM_UNDEFINED; }
+// This precedence rule is rather weird.  It triggers when '!' is
+// encountered after a pitch, and is used for deciding whether to save
+// this instead for a figure modification.  This should not actually
+// occur in practice as pitches and figures are generated in different
+// modes.  Using a greedy (%right) precedence makes sure that we don't
+// get stuck in a wrong interpretation.
+       { $$ = SCM_UNDEFINED; } %prec ':'
        | questions '?'
         {
                 if (SCM_UNBNDP ($1))
@@ -3358,7 +3470,7 @@ full_markup:
        ;
 
 markup_top:
-       simple_markup_list {
+       markup_list {
                $$ = scm_list_2 (ly_lily_module_constant ("line-markup"),  $1);
        }
        | markup_head_1_list simple_markup
@@ -3384,9 +3496,9 @@ markup_scm:
                }
        } BACKUP
        ;
-                       
 
-simple_markup_list:
+
+markup_list:
        markup_composed_list {
                $$ = $1;
        }
@@ -3404,22 +3516,18 @@ markup_uncomposed_list:
        {
                $$ = $2;
        }
-       ;
-
-markup_list:
-       simple_markup_list
-       | markup_score
-       {
-               $$ = scm_list_1 (scm_list_2 (ly_lily_module_constant ("score-lines-markup-list"), $1));
-       }
-       ;
-
-markup_score:
-       SCORE {
+       | SCORELINES {
                SCM nn = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
                parser->lexer_->push_note_state (nn);
        } '{' score_body '}' {
-               $$ = $4;
+               Score *sc = Score::unsmob ($4);
+               sc->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
+               if (sc->defs_.empty ()) {
+                       Output_def *od = get_layout (parser);
+                       sc->add_output_def (od);
+                       od->unprotect ();
+               }
+               $$ = scm_list_1 (scm_list_2 (ly_lily_module_constant ("score-lines-markup-list"), $4));
                parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
        }
        ;
@@ -3442,7 +3550,7 @@ markup_braced_list_body:
        | markup_braced_list_body markup {
                $$ = scm_cons ($2, $1);
        }
-       | markup_braced_list_body simple_markup_list {
+       | markup_braced_list_body markup_list {
                $$ = scm_reverse_x ($2, $1);
        }
        ;
@@ -3457,7 +3565,7 @@ markup_command_basic_arguments:
        EXPECT_MARKUP_LIST markup_command_list_arguments markup_list {
          $$ = scm_cons ($3, $2);
        }
-       | EXPECT_SCM markup_command_list_arguments embedded_scm_closed {
+       | EXPECT_SCM markup_command_list_arguments embedded_scm {
          $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3, $3, $2, $1);
        }
        | EXPECT_NO_MORE_ARGS {
@@ -3491,6 +3599,20 @@ simple_markup:
        STRING {
                $$ = make_simple_markup ($1);
        }
+       | SCORE {
+               SCM nn = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
+               parser->lexer_->push_note_state (nn);
+       } '{' score_body '}' {
+               Score *sc = Score::unsmob ($4);
+               sc->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
+               if (sc->defs_.empty ()) {
+                       Output_def *od = get_layout (parser);
+                       sc->add_output_def (od);
+                       od->unprotect ();
+               }
+               $$ = scm_list_2 (ly_lily_module_constant ("score-markup"), $4);
+               parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
+       }
        | MARKUP_FUNCTION markup_command_basic_arguments {
                $$ = scm_cons ($1, scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
        }
@@ -3498,10 +3620,6 @@ simple_markup:
        {
                $$ = $2;
        }
-       | markup_score
-       {
-               $$ = scm_list_2 (ly_lily_module_constant ("score-markup"), $1);
-       }
        ;
 
 markup:
@@ -3544,8 +3662,8 @@ otherwise, we have to import music classes into the lexer.
 int
 Lily_lexer::try_special_identifiers (SCM *destination, SCM sid)
 {
-       if (unsmob_book (sid)) {
-               Book *book =  unsmob_book (sid)->clone ();
+       if (Book::unsmob (sid)) {
+               Book *book =  Book::unsmob (sid)->clone ();
                *destination = book->self_scm ();
                book->unprotect ();
 
@@ -3553,16 +3671,12 @@ Lily_lexer::try_special_identifiers (SCM *destination, SCM sid)
        } else if (scm_is_number (sid)) {
                *destination = sid;
                return NUMBER_IDENTIFIER;
-        } else if (unsmob_context_def (sid)) {
-                Context_def *def= unsmob_context_def (sid)->clone ();
-
-                *destination = def->self_scm ();
-                def->unprotect ();
-
-                return CONTEXT_DEF_IDENTIFIER;
-        } else if (unsmob_context_mod (sid)) {
-                *destination = unsmob_context_mod (sid)->smobbed_copy ();
-
+       } else if (Context_def::unsmob (sid))
+       {
+               *destination = Context_def::unsmob (sid)->clone ()->unprotect ();
+               return SCM_IDENTIFIER;
+        } else if (Context_mod::unsmob (sid)) {
+                *destination = Context_mod::unsmob (sid)->smobbed_copy ();
                 return CONTEXT_MOD_IDENTIFIER;
        } else if (Music *mus = unsmob_music (sid)) {
                mus = mus->clone ();
@@ -3570,19 +3684,18 @@ Lily_lexer::try_special_identifiers (SCM *destination, SCM sid)
                bool is_event = mus->is_mus_type ("post-event");
                mus->unprotect ();
                return is_event ? EVENT_IDENTIFIER : MUSIC_IDENTIFIER;
-       } else if (unsmob_pitch (sid)) {
-               *destination = unsmob_pitch (sid)->smobbed_copy ();
+       } else if (Pitch::unsmob (sid)) {
+               *destination = Pitch::unsmob (sid)->smobbed_copy ();
                return PITCH_IDENTIFIER;
-       } else if (unsmob_duration (sid)) {
-               *destination = unsmob_duration (sid)->smobbed_copy ();
+       } else if (Duration::unsmob (sid)) {
+               *destination = Duration::unsmob (sid)->smobbed_copy ();
                return DURATION_IDENTIFIER;
-       } else if (unsmob_output_def (sid)) {
-               Output_def *p = unsmob_output_def (sid);
-               p = p->clone ();
-
-               *destination = p->self_scm ();
-               p->unprotect ();
-               return OUTPUT_DEF_IDENTIFIER;
+       } else if (Output_def::unsmob (sid)) {
+               *destination = Output_def::unsmob (sid)->clone ()->unprotect ();
+               return SCM_IDENTIFIER;
+       } else if (Score::unsmob (sid)) {
+               *destination = Score::unsmob (sid)->clone ()->unprotect ();
+               return SCM_IDENTIFIER;
        }
 
        return -1;
@@ -3726,7 +3839,7 @@ make_music_from_simple (Lily_parser *parser, Input loc, SCM simple)
                        n->set_property ("drum-type", simple);
                        return n->unprotect ();
                }
-               if (unsmob_pitch (simple)) {
+               if (Pitch::unsmob (simple)) {
                        Music *n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent", loc);
                        n->set_property ("duration", parser->default_duration_.smobbed_copy ());
                        n->set_property ("pitch", simple);
@@ -3738,10 +3851,13 @@ make_music_from_simple (Lily_parser *parser, Input loc, SCM simple)
                        return MAKE_SYNTAX ("lyric-event", loc, simple,
                                            parser->default_duration_.smobbed_copy ());
        } else if (parser->lexer_->is_chord_state ()) {
-               if (unsmob_pitch (simple))
-                       return make_chord_elements (loc, simple,
-                                                   parser->default_duration_.smobbed_copy (),
-                                                   SCM_EOL);
+               if (Pitch::unsmob (simple))
+                       return MAKE_SYNTAX
+                               ("event-chord",
+                                loc,
+                                make_chord_elements (loc, simple,
+                                                     parser->default_duration_.smobbed_copy (),
+                                                     SCM_EOL));
        }
        return simple;
 }
@@ -3804,6 +3920,9 @@ yylex (YYSTYPE *s, YYLTYPE *loc, Lily_parser *parser)
 
        lex->lexval_ = s;
        lex->lexloc_ = loc;
+       int tok = lex->pop_extra_token ();
+       if (tok >= 0)
+               return tok;
        lex->prepare_for_next_token ();
        return lex->yylex ();
 }