* Titling::
* Single staff polyphony::
* Piano staves::
-* Setting variables::
-* Fine tuning layout::
* Organizing larger pieces::
* An orchestral part::
* Integrating text and music::
More information on formatting piano music is in @ref{Piano music}.
-@node Setting variables
-@section Setting variables
-
-When the music is converted from notes to print it is interpreted
-in left-to-right order. This is similar to what happens when we read
-music. During this step context-sensitive information such as the
-accidentals to print, and where bar lines must be placed, are stored in
-variables. These variables are called @emph{context properties}.
-The properties can also be manipulated from input files. Consider this input:
-@example
-\set Staff.autoBeaming = ##f
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-It sets the property named @code{autoBeaming} in the current staff at
-this point in the music to @code{##f}, which means `false'. This
-property controls whether beams are printed automatically:
-@c
-@lilypond[relative=1,fragment,verbatim]
- c8 c c c
- \set Staff.autoBeaming = ##f
- c8 c c c
-@end lilypond
-
-@noindent
-LilyPond includes a built-in programming language, namely, a dialect
-of Scheme. The argument to @code{\set}, @code{##f}, is an
-expression in that language. The first hash-mark signals that a piece
-of Scheme code follows. The second hash character is part of the
-boolean value true (@code{#t}). Values of other types may be
-entered as follows:
-@itemize @bullet
-@item a string, enclosed in double quotes, for example,
-@example
- \set Staff.instrument = #"French Horn"
-@end example
-@item a boolean: either @code{#t} or @code{#f}, for true and false
-respectively, e.g.
-@example
- \set autoBeaming = ##f
- \set Score.skipBars = ##t
-@end example
-
-@item a number, such as
-@example
- \set Score.currentBarNumber = #20
-@end example
-
-@item a symbol, which is introduced by a quote character, as in
-@example
- \set Staff.crescendoSpanner = #'dashed-line
-@end example
-
-@item a pair, which is also introduced by a quote character, like in
-the following statements, which set properties to the pairs (-7.5, 6)
-and (3, 4) respectively:
-
-@example
- \set Staff.minimumVerticalExtent = #'(-7.5 . 6)
- \set Staff.timeSignatureFraction = #'(3 . 4)
-@end example
-
-@item a list, which is also introduced by a quote character. In the
-following example, the @code{breakAlignOrder} property is set to a
-list of symbols:
-@example
- \set Score.breakAlignOrder =
- #'(left-edge time-signature key-signatures)
-@end example
-
-
-@end itemize
-
-There are many different properties. Not all of them are listed in
-this manual. However, the program reference lists them all in the
-section @internalsref{Context-properties}, and most properties are
-demonstrated in one of the
-@ifhtml
-@uref{../../../input/test/out-www/collated-files.html,tips-and-tricks}
-@end ifhtml
-@ifnothtml
-tips-and-tricks
-@end ifnothtml
-examples.
-
-
-@node Fine tuning layout
-@section Fine tuning layout
-
-Sometimes it is necessary to change music layout by hand. When music
-is formatted, layout objects are created for each symbol. For
-example, every clef and every note head is represented by a layout
-object. These layout objects also carry variables, which we call
-@emph{layout properties}. By changing these variables from their
-values, we can alter the look of a formatted score:
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,relative]
- c4
- \override Stem #'thickness = #3.0
- c4 c4 c4
-@end lilypond
-
-@noindent
-In the example shown here, the layout property @code{thickness} (a
-symbol) is set to 3 in the @code{Stem} layout objects of the current
-As a result, the notes following @code{\override} have thicker
-stems.
-
-For the most part, a manual override is needed only on a case by
-case basis and not for all subsequent instances of the altered
-property. To accomplish this, simply prefix @code{\once} to the
-@code{\override} statement and the override will apply only once,
-immediately reverting to its default setting, i.e.
-
-@example
- \once \override Stem #'thickness = #3.0
-@end example
-
-@lilypond[relative]
- c4
- \once \override Stem #'thickness = #3.0
- c4 c4 c4
-@end lilypond
-
-@noindent
-Some overrides are so common that predefined commands are provided as
-a short cut. For example, @code{\slurUp} and @code{\stemDown}. These
-commands are described in
-@ifhtml
-the
-@end ifhtml
-@ref{Notation manual}, under the sections for slurs and stems
-respectively.
-
-The exact tuning possibilities for each type of layout object are
-documented in the program reference of the respective
-object. However, many layout objects share properties, which can be
-used to apply generic tweaks. We mention a couple of these:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item The @code{extra-offset} property, which
-@cindex @code{extra-offset}
-has a pair of numbers as value, moves around objects in the printout.
-The first number controls left-right movement; a positive number will
-move the object to the right. The second number controls up-down
-movement; a positive number will move it higher. The units of these
-offsets are staff-spaces. The @code{extra-offset} property is a
-low-level feature: the formatting engine is completely oblivious to
-these offsets.
-
-In the following example, the second fingering is moved a little to
-the left, and 1.8 staff space downwards:
-
-@cindex setting object properties
-
-@lilypond[relative=1,verbatim]
-\stemUp
-f-5
-\once \override Fingering
- #'extra-offset = #'(-0.3 . -1.8)
-f-5
-@end lilypond
-
-@item
-Setting the @code{transparent} property will cause an object to be printed
-in `invisible ink': the object is not printed, but all its other
-behavior is retained. The object still takes up space, it takes part in
-collisions, and slurs, and ties and beams can be attached to it.
-
-@cindex transparent objects
-@cindex removing objects
-@cindex invisible objects
-The following example demonstrates how to connect different voices
-using ties. Normally, ties only connect two notes in the same
-voice. By introducing a tie in a different voice, and blanking a stem
-in that voice, the tie appears to cross voices:
-
-@lilypond[fragment,relative=1,verbatim]
- c4 << {
- \once \override Stem #'transparent = ##t
- b8~ b8
- } \\ {
- b[ g8]
- } >>
-@end lilypond
-
-@item
-The @code{padding} property for objects with
-@cindex @code{padding}
-@code{side-position-interface} can be set to increase distance between
-symbols that are printed above or below notes. We only give an
-example; a more elaborate explanation is in @ref{Constructing a
-tweak}:
-
-@lilypond[relative=1,verbatim]
- c2\fermata
- \override Script #'padding = #3
- b2\fermata
-@end lilypond
-
-@end itemize
-
-More specific overrides are also possible. The notation manual
-discusses in depth how to figure out these statements for yourself, in
-@ref{Tuning output}.
-
@node Organizing larger pieces
@section Organizing larger pieces
@end example
More information on the possible uses of identifiers is in the
-technical manual, in @ref{Scheme data types}.
+technical manual, in TODO.
@node An orchestral part
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff