version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
@end ignore
-@c \version "2.11.51"
+@c \version "2.11.61"
-@node Keyboard instruments
-@section Keyboard instruments
+@node Keyboard and other multi-staff instruments
+@section Keyboard and other multi-staff instruments
@lilypondfile[quote]{keyboard-headword.ly}
-This section discusses several aspects of music notation that are unique
-to keyboard instruments.
+This section discusses several aspects of music notation that are
+unique to keyboard instruments and other instruments notated on
+many staves, such as harps and vibraphones. For the purposes of
+this section this entire group of multi-staff instruments is called
+@qq{keyboards} for short, even though some of them do not have a
+keyboard.
@menu
* Common notation for keyboards::
* Piano::
* Accordion::
+* Harp::
@end menu
@node Common notation for keyboards
@subsection Common notation for keyboards
-This section discusses notation issues that may arise for most keyboard
-instruments.
+This section discusses notation issues that may arise for most
+many-stringed instruments.
@menu
* References for keyboards::
@node References for keyboards
@unnumberedsubsubsec References for keyboards
+@cindex piano staves
+@cindex staves, piano
+@cindex staves, keyboard instruments
+@cindex staves, keyed instruments
+@cindex keyboard instrument staves
+@cindex keyed instrument staves
+
+@funindex PianoStaff
+
Keyboard instruments are usually notated with Piano staves. These
are two or more normal staves coupled with a brace. The same
notation is also used for other keyed instruments.
Several common issues in keyboard music are covered elsewhere:
@itemize
+
@item Keyboard music usually contains multiple voices and the
number of voices may change regularly; this is described in
@ref{Collision resolution}.
@knownissues
+@cindex keyboard music, centering dynamics
+@cindex dynamics, centered in keyboard music
+@cindex piano music, centering dynamics
+@cindex centered dynamics in piano music
+@funindex staff-padding
+
Dynamics are not automatically centered, but workarounds do exist. One
option is the @q{piano centered dynamics} template under
@rlearning{Piano templates}; another option is to increase the
@cindex notes, cross-staff
@cindex cross-staff beams
@cindex beams, cross-staff
+
@funindex \change
+@funindex change
Voices can be switched between staves manually, using the command
@rlearning{Fixing overlapping notation}.
Notation Reference:
-@ruser{Stems},
-@ruser{Automatic beams}.
+@ref{Stems},
+@ref{Automatic beams}.
Snippets:
@rlsr{Keyboards}.
@cindex changing staff automatically
@cindex automatic staff changes
@cindex staff changes, automatic
+
@funindex \autochange
+@funindex autochange
+@funindex PianoStaff
Voices can be made to switch automatically between the top and the
bottom staff. The syntax for this is
}
@end lilypond
+@cindex relative music and autochange
+@cindex autochange and relative music
+
+@funindex \relative
+@funindex relative
+
A @code{\relative} section that is outside of @code{\autochange}
has no effect on the pitches of the music, so if necessary, put
@code{\relative} inside @code{\autochange}.
@knownissues
+@cindex chords, splitting across staves with \autochange
+
The staff switches may not end up in optimal places. For high
quality output, staff switches should be specified manually.
@node Staff-change lines
@unnumberedsubsubsec Staff-change lines
-@cindex staff-change lines
-@cindex cross-staff lines
-@cindex lines, staff-change follower
+@cindex staff-change line
+@cindex staff change line
+@cindex cross-staff line
+@cindex cross staff line
+@cindex line, staff-change follower
+@cindex line, cross-staff
+@cindex line, staff-change
@cindex follow voice
+@cindex voice, following
@cindex staff switching
@cindex cross-staff
+
@funindex followVoice
+@funindex \showStaffSwitch
+@funindex showStaffSwitch
+@funindex \hideStaffSwitch
+@funindex hideStaffSwitch
Whenever a voice switches to another staff, a line connecting the
notes can be printed automatically:
@predefined
-@funindex \showStaffSwitch
-@funindex \hideStaffSwitch
@code{\showStaffSwitch}, @code{\hideStaffSwitch}.
@seealso
@unnumberedsubsubsec Cross-staff stems
@cindex cross-staff notes
+@cindex cross staff notes
@cindex notes, cross-staff
@cindex cross-staff stems
+@cindex cross staff stems
@cindex stems, cross-staff
+@cindex chords, cross-staff
+@cindex cross-staff chords
+@cindex cross staff chords
+
+@funindex Stem
+@funindex cross-staff
+@funindex length
+@funindex flag-style
Chords that cross staves may be produced:
\new PianoStaff <<
\new Staff {
\relative c' {
- f8 e4 d8 <f bes,>2
+ f8 e4 d8 d f e4
}
}
\new Staff {
\override Stem #'length = #12
% do not print extra flags
\override Stem #'flag-style = #'no-flag
- a8 g4 f8
+ % prevent beaming as needed
+ a8 g4 f8 f bes\noBeam g4
}
\\
{
- f,2 d'
+ f,2 bes4 c
} >>
}
}
@node Piano pedals
@unnumberedsubsubsec Piano pedals
+
@cindex piano pedals
@cindex pedals, piano
@cindex sustain pedal
+@cindex pedal, sustain
@cindex sostenuto pedal
+@cindex pedal, sostenuto
@cindex una corda
@cindex tre corde
+@cindex sos.
+@cindex U.C.
+
@funindex \sustainOn
+@funindex sustainOn
@funindex \sustainOff
+@funindex sustainOff
@funindex \sostenutoOn
+@funindex sostenutoOn
@funindex \sostenutoOff
+@funindex sostenutoOff
@funindex \unaCorda
+@funindex unaCorda
@funindex \treCorde
+@funindex treCorde
Pianos generally have three pedals that alter the way sound is
produced: @notation{sustain}, @notation{sostenuto}
<d fis a>1\treCorde
@end lilypond
+@cindex pedal indication styles
+@cindex pedal indication, text
+@cindex pedal indication, bracket
+@cindex pedal indication, mixed
+@cindex pedal sustain style
+@cindex sustain pedal style
+
+@funindex pedalSustainStyle
+@funindex mixed
+@funindex bracket
+@funindex text
+
There are three styles of pedal indications: text, bracket, and mixed.
The sustain pedal and the una corda pedal use the text style by default
while the sostenuto pedal uses mixed by default.
@node Accordion
@subsection Accordion
+@cindex accordion
+
This section discusses notation that is unique to the accordion.
@menu
@node Discant symbols
@unnumberedsubsubsec Discant symbols
+
@cindex accordion discant symbols
@cindex discant symbols, accordion
@cindex accordion shifts
+@cindex accordion shift symbols
Accordions are often built with more than one set of reeds that may be
in unison with, an octave above, or an octave below the written pitch.
Snippets:
@rlsr{Keyboards}.
+
+
+@node Harp
+@subsection Harp
+
+TBC
+
+@ignore
+Some possibilities:
+- glissandi
+- tremolo (for bisbigliando)
+- natural harmonics
+- directional arpeggio and non-arpeggio
+- workaroung for keeping both staves visible in an orchestral
+ score,
+http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/lilypond-user/2007-08/msg00386.html
+and http://lsr.dsi.unimi.it/LSR/Item?u=1&id=312
+
+An LSR snippet could be used to demonstrate the main items; in the
+case of glissandi, it would be desirable to have a demonstration
+of different styles.
+
+@end ignore
+
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff