version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
@end ignore
-@c \version "2.11.51"
+@c \version "2.11.61"
@node Fretted string instruments
@section Fretted string instruments
+@lilypondfile[quote]{fretted-headword.ly}
+
+This section discusses several aspects of music notation that are unique
+to fretted string instruments.
+
@cindex tablature
+@cindex tablature, guitar
+@cindex tablature, banjo
@cindex guitar tablature
+@cindex banjo tablature
@menu
-* Common notation for fretted strings::
-* Guitar::
-* Banjo::
+* Common notation for fretted strings::
+* Guitar::
+* Banjo::
@end menu
@node Common notation for fretted strings
@subsection Common notation for fretted strings
+This section discusses common notation that is unique
+to fretted string instruments.
+
@menu
-* References for fretted strings::
-* String number indications::
-* Default tablatures::
-* Custom tablatures::
-* Fret diagrams::
-* Right hand fingerings::
+* References for fretted strings::
+* String number indications::
+* Default tablatures::
+* Custom tablatures::
+* Fret diagram markups::
+* Predefined fret diagrams::
+* Automatic fret diagrams::
+* Right-hand fingerings::
@end menu
@node References for fretted strings
-@subsubsection References for fretted strings
+@unnumberedsubsubsec References for fretted strings
+
+Music for fretted string instruments is normally notated on
+a single staff, either in traditional music notation or in
+tablature. Sometimes the two types are combined, and it is
+especially common in popular music to use chord diagrams above
+a staff of traditional notation. The guitar and the banjo are
+transposing instruments, sounding an octave lower than written.
+Scores for these instruments should use the @code{"treble_8"} clef.
+Some other elements pertinent to fretted string instruments
+are covered elsewhere:
+
+@itemize
+@item Fingerings are indicated with @ref{Fingering instructions}.
+
+@item Instructions for @notation{Laissez vibrer} ties
+as well as ties on arpeggios and tremolos is described in
+@ref{Ties}.
-@c TODO Add refs
-TBC
+@item Instructions on handling multiple voices is described
+in @ref{Collision resolution}.
+
+@end itemize
+
+@seealso
+
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Fingering instructions},
+@ref{Ties},
+@ref{Collision resolution},
+@ref{Instrument names},
+@ref{Writing music in parallel},
+@ref{Arpeggio},
+@ref{List of articulations},
+@ref{Clef}.
@node String number indications
-@subsubsection String number indications
+@unnumberedsubsubsec String number indications
-@cindex String numbers
+@cindex string numbers
+@cindex string vs. fingering numbers
+@cindex fingering vs. string numbers
The string on which a note should be played may be indicated by
appending @code{\@var{number}} to a note inside a chord construct
@warning{String numbers @strong{must} be defined inside a chord
construct even if there is only a single note.}
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=0]
+\clef "treble_8"
<c\5>4 <e\4> <g\3>2
<c,\5 e\4 g\3>1
@end lilypond
-Although @ref{Fingering instructions} are covered in detail elsewhere,
-it is worth noting here how fingerings and string indications behave
-together, since guitar music often incorporates both at once. The
-usual convention is to place the fingering closest to the note, then
-the string indication outside the fingering. This is controlled by
-the order in which the two items appear:
+When fingerings and string indications are used together, their
+placement is controlled by the order in which the two items appear
+in the code:
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
+\clef "treble_8"
<g\3-0>2
<g-0\3>
@end lilypond
@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
{controlling-the-placement-of-chord-fingerings.ly}
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{allowing-fingerings-to-be-printed-inside-the-staff.ly}
+
@seealso
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Fingering instructions}.
+
Snippets:
@rlsr{Fretted strings}.
@rinternals{Fingering}.
-
@node Default tablatures
-@subsubsection Default tablatures
-@cindex Tablatures, basic
-@cindex Tablatures, default
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Default tablatures
+
+@cindex tablatures, basic
+@cindex tablatures, default
+
+@funindex TabStaff
+@funindex TabVoice
Tablature notation is used for notating music for plucked string
instruments. Pitches are not denoted with note heads, but by
numbers indicating on which string and fret a note must be played.
LilyPond offers limited support for tablature.
-The string number associated to a note is given as a backslash
-followed by a number, e.g., @code{c4\3} for a C quarter on the third
-string. By default, string 1 is the highest one, and the tuning
-defaults to the standard guitar tuning (with 6 strings). The notes
-are printed as tablature, by using @code{TabStaff} and
+The string number associated with a note is given as a backslash
+followed by a number. By default, string 1 is the highest,
+and the tuning defaults to the standard guitar tuning (with 6 strings).
+The notes are printed as tablature, by using @code{TabStaff} and
@code{TabVoice} contexts
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
@end lilypond
@funindex minimumFret
+
@cindex fret
-When no string is specified for a note, the note is assigned to the lowest string
-that can generate the note with a fret number greater than or equal to
-@code{minimumFret} is selected. The default value for @code{minimumFret} is 0.
+When no string is specified for a note, the note is assigned to
+the lowest string that can generate the note with a fret number
+greater than or equal to the value of @code{minimumFret}.
+The default value for @code{minimumFret} is 0.
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
\new StaffGroup <<
- \new Staff \relative c' {
+ \new Staff \relative c {
+ \clef "treble_8"
c16 d e f g4
c,16 d e f g4
}
>>
@end lilypond
+@cindex harmonic indications in tablature notation
+@cindex tablature and harmonic indications
+@cindex slides in tablature notation
+@cindex tablature and slides
+
+Harmonic indications and slides can be added to tablature
+notation.
+
+@lilypond[fragment, verbatim, quote, relative=1]
+\new TabStaff {
+ \new TabVoice {
+ <c g'\harmonic> d\2\glissando e\2
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+
@snippets
-To print tablatures with stems down and horizontal beams,
-initialize the @code{TabStaff} with this code:
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{stem-and-beam-behavior-in-tablature.ly}
-@example
-\stemDown
-\override Beam #'damping = #100000
-@end example
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{polyphony-in-tablature.ly}
@seealso
-Internals Reference: @rinternals{TabNoteHead}, @rinternals{TabStaff}, @rinternals{TabVoice}.
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Stems}.
+
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Fretted strings}.
+
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{TabNoteHead},
+@rinternals{TabStaff},
+@rinternals{TabVoice},
+@rinternals{Beam}.
@knownissues
Chords are not handled in a special way, and hence the automatic
-string selector may easily select the same string for two notes in a
-chord.
+string selector may easily select the same string for two notes in
+a chord.
In order to handle @code{\partcombine}, a @code{TabStaff} must use
specially-created voices:
>>
@end lilypond
+Guitar special effects are limited to harmonics and slides.
@node Custom tablatures
-@subsubsection Custom tablatures
-@cindex Tablatures, custom
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Custom tablatures
-You can change the tuning of the strings. A string tuning is given as
-a Scheme list with one integer number for each string, the number
-being the pitch (measured in semitones relative to middle C) of an
-open string. The numbers specified for @code{stringTunings} are the
-numbers of semitones to subtract or add, starting the specified pitch
-by default middle C, in string order. LilyPond automatically calculates
-the number of strings by looking at @code{stringTunings}.
+@cindex tablatures, custom
+@cindex tablature, banjo
+@cindex tablature, mandolin
+@cindex tablature, bass guitar
+@cindex tablature, predefined string tunings
+@cindex fretted instruments, predefined string tunings
+@cindex predefined string tunings for fretted instruments
-In the next example,
-@code{stringTunings} is set for the pitches e, a, d, and g
+@funindex StringTunings
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
-\new TabStaff <<
- \set TabStaff.stringTunings = #'(-5 -10 -15 -20)
- {
- a,4 c' a e' e c' a e'
+LilyPond tabulature automatically calculates the fret for
+a note based on the string to which the note is assigned.
+In order to do this, the tuning of the strings must be
+specified. The tuning of the strings is given in the
+@code{StringTunings} property.
+
+LilyPond comes with predefined string tunings for banjo, mandolin,
+guitar and bass guitar. Lilypond automatically sets the correct
+transposition for predefined tunings. The following example is
+for bass guitar, which sounds an octave lower than written.
+
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
+<<
+ \new Staff {
+ \clef "bass_8"
+ \relative c, {
+ c4 d e f
+ }
+ }
+ \new TabStaff {
+ \set TabStaff.stringTunings = #bass-tuning
+ \relative c, {
+ c4 d e f
+ }
}
>>
@end lilypond
-LilyPond comes with predefined string tunings for banjo, mandolin, guitar
-and bass guitar.
-
-@example
-\set TabStaff.stringTunings = #bass-tuning
-@end example
+The default string tuning is @code{guitar-tuning}, which
+is the standard EADGBE tuning. Some other predefined tunings are
+@code{guitar-open-g-tuning}, @code{mandolin-tuning} and
+@code{banjo-open-g-tuning}. The predefined string tunings
+are found in @code{scm/output-lib.scm}.
+
+A string tuning is a Scheme list of string pitches,
+one for each string, ordered by string number from 1 to N,
+where string 1 is at the top of the tablature staff and
+string N is at the bottom. This ordinarily results in ordering
+from highest pitch to lowest pitch, but some instruments
+(e.g. ukulele) do not have strings ordered by pitch.
+
+A string pitch in a string tuning list is the pitch difference
+of the open string from middle C measured in semitones. The
+string pitch must be an integer. Lilypond calculates the actual
+pitch of the string by adding the string tuning pitch to the
+actual pitch for middle C.
+
+LilyPond automatically calculates the number of strings in the
+@code{TabStaff} as the number of elements in @code{stringTunings}.
+
+Any desired string tuning can be created. For example, we can
+define a string tuning for a four-string instrument with pitches
+of @code{a''}, @code{d''}, @code{g'}, and @code{c'}:
+
+
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
+mynotes = {
+ c'4 e' g' c'' |
+ e'' g'' b'' c'''
+}
-The default string tuning is @code{guitar-tuning} (the standard EADGBE
-tuning).
-Some other predefined tunings are @code{guitar-open-g-tuning},
-@code{mandolin-tuning} and @code{banjo-open-g-tuning}.
+<<
+ \new Staff {
+ \clef treble
+ \mynotes
+ }
+ \new TabStaff {
+ \set TabStaff.stringTunings = #'(21 14 7 0)
+ \mynotes
+ }
+>>
+@end lilypond
@seealso
-The file @file{scm/@/output@/-lib@/.scm} contains the predefined string
-tunings.
-Internals Reference: @rinternals{Tab_note_heads_engraver}.
+Installed Files:
+@file{scm/output-lib.scm}.
-@knownissues
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Fretted strings}.
-No guitar special effects have been implemented.
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{Tab_note_heads_engraver}.
+@node Fret diagram markups
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Fret diagram markups
-@node Fret diagrams
-@subsubsection Fret diagrams
@cindex fret diagrams
@cindex chord diagrams
+@cindex diagrams, fret
+@cindex diagrams, chord for fretted instruments
+@cindex fret diagrams, custom
+@cindex custom fret diagrams
+
+Fret diagrams can be added to music as a markup to the desired
+note. The markup contains information about the desired fret
+diagram. There are three different fret-diagram markup
+interfaces: standard, terse, and verbose. The three interfaces
+produce equivalent markups, but have varying amounts of
+information in the markup string. Details about the markup
+interfaces are found at @ref{Text markup commands}.
+
+The standard fret diagram markup string indicates the string
+number and the fret number for each dot to be placed on the string.
+In addition, open and unplayed (muted) strings can be indicated.
+
+@lilypond[quote, verbatim]
+<<
+ \context ChordNames {
+ \chordmode {
+ c1 d:m
+ }
+ }
+ \context Staff {
+ \clef "treble_8"
+ < c e g c' e' > 1 ^\markup
+ \fret-diagram #"6-x;5-3;4-2;3-o;2-1;1-o;"
+ < d a d' f'> ^\markup
+ \fret-diagram #"6-x;5-x;4-o;3-2;2-3;1-1;"
+ }
+>>
+@end lilypond
-Fret diagrams can be added to music as a markup to the desired note.
-The markup contains information about the desired fret diagram.
-There are three different fret-diagram markup interfaces: standard, terse,
-and verbose. The three interfaces produce equivalent markups, but have
-varying amounts of information in the markup string. Details about the
-markup interfaces are found at @ref{Text markup commands}.
+@cindex barre indications
-The following example shows the three fret-diagram markup interfaces,
-along with examples of common tweaks. For example, the size of the verbose
-fret diagram is reduced to 0.75, and the finger indications are specified
-to appear below the diagram. The terse diagram includes tweaks to
-specify placement of finger code and color of dots.
+Barre indications can be added to the diagram from
+the fret-diagram markup string.
-@lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
+@lilypond[quote, verbatim]
+<<
+ \context ChordNames {
+ \chordmode {
+ f1 g
+ }
+ }
+ \context Staff {
+ \clef "treble_8"
+ < f, c f a c' f'>1 ^\markup
+ \fret-diagram #"c:6-1-1;6-1;5-3;4-3;3-2;2-1;1-1;"
+ < g, d g b d' g'> ^\markup
+ \fret-diagram #"c:6-1-3;6-3;5-5;4-5;3-4;2-3;1-3;"
+ }
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
+@cindex fret-diagram markup
+
+@funindex fret-diagram
+@funindex \fret-diagram
+
+The size of the fret diagram, and the number of frets in the diagram
+can be changed in the fret-diagram markup string.
+
+@lilypond[quote, verbatim]
+<<
+ \context ChordNames {
+ \chordmode {
+ f1 g
+ }
+ }
+ \context Staff {
+ \clef "treble_8"
+ < f, c f a c' f'>1 ^\markup
+ \fret-diagram #"s:1.5;c:6-1-1;6-1;5-3;4-3;3-2;2-1;1-1;"
+ < g, b, d g b g'> ^\markup
+ \fret-diagram #"h:6;6-3;5-2;4-o;3-o;2-o;1-3;"
+ }
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
+The number of strings in a fret diagram can be changed to accomodate
+different instruments such as banjos and ukeleles with the fret-diagram
+markup string.
+
+@lilypond[quote, verbatim]
+<<
+ \context ChordNames {
+ \chordmode {
+ a1
+ }
+ }
+ \context Staff {
+ %% A chord for ukelele
+ a'1 ^\markup \fret-diagram #"w:4;4-2-2;3-1-1;2-o;1-o;"
+ }
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
+Fingering indications can be added, and the location of fingering labels
+can be controlled by the fret-diagram markup string.
+
+@lilypond[quote, verbatim]
+<<
+ \context ChordNames {
+ \chordmode {
+ c1 d:m
+ }
+ }
+ \context Staff {
+ \clef "treble_8"
+ < c e g c' e' > 1 ^\markup
+ \fret-diagram #"f:1;6-x;5-3-3;4-2-2;3-o;2-1-1;1-o;"
+ < d a d' f'> ^\markup
+ \fret-diagram #"f:2;6-x;5-x;4-o;3-2-2;2-3-3;1-1-1;"
+ }
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
+Dot radius and dot position can be controlled with the fret-diagram
+markup string.
+
+@lilypond[quote, verbatim]
+<<
+ \context ChordNames {
+ \chordmode {
+ c1 d:m
+ }
+ }
+ \context Staff {
+ \clef "treble_8"
+ < c e g c' e' > 1 ^\markup
+ \fret-diagram #"d:0.35;6-x;5-3;4-2;3-o;2-1;1-o;"
+ < d a d' f'> ^\markup
+ \fret-diagram #"p:0.2;6-x;5-x;4-o;3-2;2-3;1-1;"
+ }
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
+@cindex fret-diagram-terse markup
+
+@funindex fret-diagram-terse
+@funindex \fret-diagram-terse
+
+The fret-diagram-terse markup string omits string numbers; the string
+number is implied by the presence of semicolons. There is one semicolon
+for each string in the diagram. The first semicolon corresponds to the
+highest string number and the last semicolon corresponds to the first string.
+Mute strings, open strings, and fret numbers can be indicated.
+
+@lilypond[quote, verbatim]
+<<
+ \context ChordNames {
+ \chordmode {
+ c1 d:m
+ }
+ }
+ \context Staff {
+ \clef "treble_8"
+ < c e g c' e' > 1 ^\markup
+ \fret-diagram-terse #"x;3;2;o;1;o;"
+ < d a d' f'> ^\markup
+ \fret-diagram-terse #"x;x;o;2;3;1;"
+ }
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
+Barre indicators can be included in the fret-diagram-terse markup string.
+
+@lilypond[quote, verbatim]
+<<
+ \context ChordNames {
+ \chordmode {
+ f1 g
+ }
+ }
+ \context Staff {
+ \clef "treble_8"
+ < f, c f a c' f'>1 ^\markup
+ \fret-diagram-terse #"1-(;3;3;2;1;1-);"
+ < g, d g b d' g'> ^\markup
+ \fret-diagram-terse #"3-(;5;5;4;3;3-);"
+ }
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
+Fingering indications can be included in the fret-diagram-terse markup string.
+
+@c Need to use override to enable fingerings to show this -- can we do so?
+@lilypond[quote, verbatim]
+<<
+ \context ChordNames {
+ \chordmode {
+ c1 d:m
+ }
+ }
+ \context Staff {
+ \override Voice.TextScript
+ #'fret-diagram-details #'finger-code = #'below-string
+ \clef "treble_8"
+ < c e g c' e' > 1 ^\markup
+ \fret-diagram-terse #"x;3-3;2-2;o;1-1;o;"
+ < d a d' f'> ^\markup
+ \fret-diagram-terse #"x;x;o;2-2;3-3;1-1;"
+ }
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
+Other fret diagram properties must be adjusted using @code{\override} when using
+the fret-diagram-terse markup.
+
+@cindex fret-diagram-verbose markup
+
+@funindex fret-diagram-verbose
+@funindex \fret-diagram-verbose
+
+The fret-diagram-verbose markup string is in the format of a Scheme list. Each
+element of the list indicates an item to be placed on the fret diagram.
+
+@lilypond[quote, verbatim]
+<< \context ChordNames {
+ \chordmode {
+ c1 d:m
+ }
+ }
+ \context Staff {
+ \clef "treble_8"
+ < c e g c' e' > 1 ^\markup
+ \fret-diagram-verbose #'(
+ (mute 6)
+ (place-fret 5 3)
+ (place-fret 4 2)
+ (open 3)
+ (place-fret 2 1)
+ (open 1)
+ )
+ < d a d' f'> ^\markup
+ \fret-diagram-verbose #'(
+ (mute 6)
+ (mute 5)
+ (open 4)
+ (place-fret 3 2)
+ (place-fret 2 3)
+ (place-fret 1 1)
+ )
+ }
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
+Fingering indications and barres can be included in a
+fret-diagram-verbose markup string.
+
+@c \override is necessary to make fingering visible
+@lilypond[quote, verbatim]
+<<
+ \context ChordNames {
+ \chordmode {
+ f1 g
+ }
+ }
+ \context Staff {
+ \clef "treble_8"
+ \override Voice.TextScript
+ #'fret-diagram-details #'finger-code = #'below-string
+
+ < f, c f a c' f'>1 ^\markup
+ \fret-diagram-verbose #'(
+ (place-fret 6 1)
+ (place-fret 5 3)
+ (place-fret 4 3)
+ (place-fret 3 2)
+ (place-fret 2 1)
+ (place-fret 1 1)
+ (barre 6 1 1)
+ )
+ < g, b, d g b g'> ^\markup
+ \fret-diagram-verbose #'(
+ (place-fret 6 3 2)
+ (place-fret 5 2 1)
+ (open 4)
+ (open 3)
+ (open 2)
+ (place-fret 1 3 3)
+ )
+ }
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
+All other fret diagram properties must be adjusted using @code{\override}
+when using the fret-diagram-verbose markup.
+
+@ignore
+The following example shows the three fret-diagram markup
+interfaces, along with examples of common tweaks. For example,
+the size of the verbose fret diagram is reduced to 0.75, and the
+finger indications are specified to appear below the diagram. The
+terse diagram includes tweaks to specify placement of finger code
+and color of dots.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
\new Voice {
- d'^\markup \fret-diagram #"6-x;5-x;4-o;3-2;2-3;1-2;"
- d' d' d'
- fis'^\markup \override #'(size . 0.75) {
+ \clef "treble_8"
+ d^\markup \fret-diagram #"6-x;5-x;4-o;3-2;2-3;1-2;"
+ d d d
+ fis^\markup \override #'(size . 0.75) {
\override #'(finger-code . below-string) {
\fret-diagram-verbose #'((place-fret 6 2 1) (barre 6 1 2)
(place-fret 5 4 3)
(place-fret 1 2 1))
}
}
- fis' fis' fis'
- c'^\markup \override #'(dot-radius . 0.35) {
+ fis fis fis
+ c^\markup \override #'(dot-radius . 0.35) {
\override #'(finger-code . in-dot) {
\override #'(dot-color . white) {
\fret-diagram-terse #"x;3-1-(;5-2;5-3;5-4;3-1-);"
}
}
}
- c' c' c'
+ c c c
}
@end lilypond
+@end ignore
-You can set a number of graphical properties according to your preference.
-Details about the property interface to fret diagrams are found at
-@rinternals{fret-diagram-interface}.
+@cindex customized fret diagram
+@cindex fret diagram, customized
+@cindex diagram, fret, customized
+
+@funindex fret-diagram-interface
+
+The graphical layout of a fret diagram can be customized according to
+user preference through the properties of the @code{fret-diagram-interface}.
+Details are found at @rinternals{fret-diagram-interface}. For a fret diagram
+markup, the interface properties belong to @code{Voice.TextScript}.
+
+@snippets
+
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{customizing-markup-fret-diagrams.ly}
@seealso
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Text markup commands}.
+
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Fretted strings}.
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{fret-diagram-interface}.
-@node Right hand fingerings
-@subsubsection Right hand fingerings
+@node Predefined fret diagrams
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Predefined fret diagrams
-Right-hand fingerings @var{p-i-m-a} can be entered using
-@code{<@var{note}-\rightHandFinger @var{finger} >}.
-The right-hand fingering indication must occur within a @code{<>} chord
-construct for it to be printed in the score, even if it is a single note.
-There must be a hyphen after the note and a space before the closing @code{>}.
+@cindex fret diagrams
+@cindex chord diagrams
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
-\relative c' {
- <c-\rightHandFinger #1 >4
- <e-\rightHandFinger #2 >
- <g-\rightHandFinger #3 >
- <c-\rightHandFinger #4 >
- <c,-\rightHandFinger #1 e-\rightHandFinger #2 g-\rightHandFinger #3 c-\rightHandFinger #4 >1
+@funindex FretBoards
+@funindex stringTunings
+
+Fret diagrams can be displayed using the @code{FretBoards} context. By
+default, the @code{FretBoards} context will display fret diagrams that
+are stored in a lookup table:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
+\include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
+\context FretBoards {
+ \chordmode {
+ c1 d
+ }
}
@end lilypond
-For convenience, you can abbreviate @code{\rightHandFinger} to something
-short, for example @code{RH},
+The default predefined fret diagrams are contained in the file
+@code{predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly}. Fret diagrams are
+stored based on the pitches of a chord and the value of
+@code{stringTunings} that is currently in use.
+@code{predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly} contains predefined
+fret diagrams only for @code{guitar-tuning}. Predefined fret
+diagrams can be added for other instruments or other tunings
+by following the examples found in
+@code{predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly}.
+
+Chord pitches can be entered
+either as simultaneous music or using chord mode (see
+@ref{Chord mode overview}).
+
+@lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right,quote]
+\include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
+\context FretBoards {
+ \chordmode {c1}
+ <c' e' g'>1
+}
+@end lilypond
-@example
-#(define RH rightHandFinger)
-@end example
+@cindex chord names with fret diagrams
+@cindex fret diagrams with chord names
-@cindex fingerings, right hand, for guitar
-@cindex right hand fingerings for guitar
+@funindex ChordNames
+@funindex chordmode
+@funindex \chordmode
-@snippets
+It is common that both chord names and fret diagrams are displayed together.
+This is achieved by putting a @code{ChordNames} context in parallel with
+a @code{FretBoards} context and giving both contexts the same music.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
+\include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
+mychords = \chordmode{
+ c1 f g
+}
-You may exercise greater control over the placement of right-hand
-fingerings by setting @code{strokeFingerOrientations},
+<<
+ \context ChordNames {
+ \mychords
+ }
+ \context FretBoards {
+ \mychords
+ }
+>>
+@end lilypond
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1]
-#(define RH rightHandFinger)
-{
- \set strokeFingerOrientations = #'(up down)
- <c-\RH #1 es-\RH #2 g-\RH #4 > 4
- \set strokeFingerOrientations = #'(up right down)
- <c-\RH #1 es-\RH #2 g-\RH #4 > 4
+@cindex transposing fret diagrams
+@cindex fret diagrams, transposing
+@cindex diagrams, fret, transposing
+
+Predefined fret diagrams are transposable, as long as a diagram for the
+transposed chord is stored in the fret diagram table.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
+\include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
+mychords = \chordmode{
+ c1 f g
+}
+
+mychordlist = {
+ \mychords
+ \transpose c e { \mychords}
}
+<<
+ \context ChordNames {
+ \mychordlist
+ }
+ \context FretBoards {
+ \mychordlist
+ }
+>>
@end lilypond
-The letters used for the fingerings are contained in the property
-@code{digit-names}, but they can also be set individually by supplying
-@code{\rightHandFinger} with a string argument, as in the following example
+The predefined fret diagram table contains seven chords (major, minor,
+augmented, diminished, dominant seventh, major seventh, minor seventh)
+for each of 17 keys. A complete list of the predefined fret diagrams is
+shown in @ref{Predefined fretboard diagrams}. If there is no entry in
+the table for a chord, the FretBoards engraver will calculate a
+fret-diagram using the automatic fret diagram functionality described in
+@ref{Automatic fret diagrams}.
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,relative=1]
-#(define RH rightHandFinger)
-{
- \set strokeFingerOrientations = #'(right)
- \override StrokeFinger #'digit-names = ##("x" "y" "z" "!" "@")
- <c-\RH #5 >4
- <c-\RH "@">4
- <c-\RH #2 >4
- <c-\RH "z">4
+@lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
+\include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
+mychords = \chordmode{
+ c1 c:9
}
+
+<<
+ \context ChordNames {
+ \mychords
+ }
+ \context FretBoards {
+ \mychords
+ }
+>>
@end lilypond
-This example combines left-hand fingering, string indication, and
-right-hand fingering
+@cindex fret diagrams, adding custom
+@cindex custom fret diagrams, adding
+@cindex adding custom fret diagrams
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
-#(define RH rightHandFinger)
-\relative c' {
- <c-3\5-\RH #1 >4
- <e-2\4-\RH #2 >
- <g-0\3-\RH #3 >
- <c-1\2-\RH #4 >
+Fret diagrams can be added to the fret diagram table. To add a diagram,
+you must specify the chord for the diagram, the tuning to be used, and the
+fret-diagram-terse definition string for the diagram.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
+\include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
+
+\storePredefinedDiagram \chordmode {c:9}
+ #guitar-tuning
+ #"x;3-2;2-1;3-3;3-4;x;"
+
+mychords = \chordmode{
+ c1 c:9
}
+
+<<
+ \context ChordNames {
+ \mychords
+ }
+ \context FretBoards {
+ \mychords
+ }
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
+Different fret diagrams for the same chord name can be stored using different
+octaves of pitches.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
+\include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
+
+\storePredefinedDiagram \chordmode {c'}
+ #guitar-tuning
+ #(offset-fret 2 (chord-shape 'bes))
+
+mychords = \chordmode{
+ c1 c'
+}
+
+<<
+ \context ChordNames {
+ \mychords
+ }
+ \context FretBoards {
+ \mychords
+ }
+>>
@end lilypond
+@cindex fretted instruments, chord shapes
+@cindex chord shapes for fretted instruments
+
+@funindex \addChordShape
+@funindex add ChordShape
+@funindex storePredefinedDiagram
+@funindex \storePredefinedDiagram
+
+In addition to fret diagrams, LilyPond stores an internal list of chord
+shapes. The chord shapes are fret diagrams that can be shifted along
+the neck to different posistions to provide different chords. Chord
+shapes can be added to the internal list and then used to define
+predefined fret diagrams.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
+\include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
+
+% add a new chord shape
+
+\addChordShape #'powerf #"1-1;3-3;3-4;x;x;x;"
+
+% add some new chords based on the power chord shape
+
+\storePredefinedDiagram \chordmode {f'}
+ #guitar-tuning
+ #(chord-shape 'powerf)
+\storePredefinedDiagram \chordmode {g'}
+ #guitar-tuning
+ #(offset-fret 2 (chord-shape 'powerf))
+
+mychords = \chordmode{
+ f1 f' g g'
+}
+
+<<
+ \context ChordNames {
+ \mychords
+ }
+ \context FretBoards {
+ \mychords
+ }
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
+The graphical layout of a fret diagram can be customized according to
+user preference through the properties of the @code{fret-diagram-interface}.
+Details are found at @rinternals{fret-diagram-interface}. For a
+predefined fret diagram, the interface properties belong to
+@code{FretBoards.FretBoard}.
+
+@snippets
+
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{customizing-fretboard-fret-diagrams.ly}
+
+
@seealso
-Internals Reference: @rinternals{StrokeFinger}
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Custom tablatures},
+@ref{Automatic fret diagrams},
+@ref{Chord mode overview},
+@ref{Predefined fretboard diagrams}.
+
+Installed Files:
+@file{ly/predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly}.
+
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Fretted strings}.
+
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals {fret-diagram-interface}.
+
+
+@node Automatic fret diagrams
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Automatic fret diagrams
+
+@cindex fret diagrams, automatic
+@cindex chord diagrams, automatic
+@cindex automatic fret diagrams
+@cindex automatic chord diagrams
+
+Fret diagrams can be automatically created from entered notes using the
+@code{FretBoards} context. If no predefined diagram is available for
+the entered notes in the active @code{stringTunings}, this context
+calculates strings and frets that can be used to play the notes.
+
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
+<<
+ \context ChordNames {
+ \chordmode {
+ f1 g
+ }
+ }
+ \context FretBoards {
+ < f, c f a c' f'>1
+ < g,\6 b, d g b g'>
+ }
+ \context Staff {
+ \clef "treble_8"
+ < f, c f a c' f'>1
+ < g, b, d g b' g'>
+ }
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
+@funindex predefinedFretboardsOff
+@funindex \predefinedFretboardsOff
+@funindex predefinedFretboardsOn
+@funindex \predefinedFretboardsOn
+
+As no predefined diagrams are loaded by default, automatic calculation
+of fret diagrams is the default behavior. Once default diagrams are
+loaded, automatic calculation can be enabled and disabled with predefined
+commands:
+
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
+
+\storePredefinedDiagram <c e g c' e'>
+ #guitar-tuning
+ #"x;3-1-(;5-2;5-3;5-4;3-1-1);"
+<<
+ \context ChordNames {
+ \chordmode {
+ c1 c c
+ }
+ }
+ \context FretBoards {
+ <c e g c' e'>1
+ \predefinedFretboardsOff
+ <c e g c' e'>
+ \predefinedFretboardsOn
+ <c e g c' e'>
+ }
+ \context Staff {
+ \clef "treble_8"
+ <c e g c' e'>1
+ <c e g c' e'>
+ <c e g c' e'>
+ }
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
+
+
+Sometimes the fretboard calculator will be unable to find
+an accceptable diagram. This can often be remedied by
+manually assigning a note to a string. In many cases, only one
+note need be manually placed on a string; the rest of
+the notes will then be placed appropriately by the @code{FretBoards}
+context.
+
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
+<<
+ \context ChordNames {
+ \chordmode {
+ c1 c
+ }
+ }
+ \context FretBoards {
+ < c g c' e' g'> 1
+ < c g\4 c' e' g'> 1
+ }
+ \context Staff {
+ \clef "treble_8"
+ < c g c' e' g'> 1
+ < c g c' e' g'> 1
+ }
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
+@cindex fret diagrams, adding fingerings
+@cindex fingerings, adding to fret diagrams
+
+Fingerings can be added to FretBoard fret diagrams.
+
+@lilypond[quote, verbatim]
+<<
+ \context ChordNames {
+ \chordmode {
+ c1 d:m
+ }
+ }
+ \context FretBoards {
+ < c-3 e-2 g c'-1 e' > 1
+ < d a-2 d'-3 f'-1>
+ }
+ \context Staff {
+ \clef "treble_8"
+ < c e g c' e' > 1
+ < d a d' f'>
+ }
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
+The minimum fret to be used in calculating strings and frets for
+the FretBoard context can be set with the @code{minimumFret}
+property.
+
+@lilypond[quote, verbatim]
+<<
+ \context ChordNames {
+ \chordmode {
+ d1:m d:m
+ }
+ }
+ \context FretBoards {
+ < d a d' f'>
+ \set FretBoards.minimumFret = #5
+ < d a d' f'>
+ }
+ \context Staff {
+ \clef "treble_8"
+ < d a d' f'>
+ < d a d' f'>
+ }
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
+The strings and frets for the @code{FretBoards} context depend
+on the @code{stringTunings} property, which has the same meaning
+as in the TabStaff context. See @ref{Custom tablatures} for
+information on the @code{stringTunings} property.
+
+The graphical layout of a fret diagram can be customized according to
+user preference through the properties of the @code{fret-diagram-interface}.
+Details are found at @rinternals{fret-diagram-interface}. For a
+@code{FretBoards} fret diagram, the interface properties belong to
+@code{FretBoards.FretBoard}.
+
+@predefined
+@code{\predefinedFretboardsOff},
+@code{\predefinedFretboardsOn}.
+
+@seealso
+
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Custom tablatures}.
+
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Fretted strings}.
+
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals {fret-diagram-interface}.
+
+
+@node Right-hand fingerings
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Right-hand fingerings
+
+@cindex fretted instruments, right hand fingerings
+@cindex fingerings, right hand for fretted instruments
+@cindex right hand fingerings for fretted instruments
+
+@funindex rightHandFinger
+@funindex \rightHandFinger
+
+Right-hand fingerings @var{p-i-m-a} must be entered within a
+chord construct @code{<>} for them to be printed in the score,
+even when applied to a single note.
+
+@warning{There @strong{must} be a hyphen after the note and a space
+before the closing @code{>}.}
+
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=0]
+\clef "treble_8"
+<c-\rightHandFinger #1 >4
+<e-\rightHandFinger #2 >
+<g-\rightHandFinger #3 >
+<c-\rightHandFinger #4 >
+<c,-\rightHandFinger #1 e-\rightHandFinger #2 g-\rightHandFinger #3 c-\rightHandFinger #4 >1
+@end lilypond
+
+For convenience, you can abbreviate @code{\rightHandFinger} to something
+short, for example @code{RH},
+
+@example
+#(define RH rightHandFinger)
+@end example
+
+
+@snippets
+
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{placement-of-right-hand-fingerings.ly}
+
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{fingerings,-string-indications,-and-right-hand-fingerings.ly}
+
+@seealso
+
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Fretted strings}.
+
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{StrokeFinger}.
@node Guitar
@subsection Guitar
-@c TODO Make a snippet based on
-@c http://www.nabble.com/Creating-a-nice-formatted-Chords-%2B-Lyrics-layout-for-guitar-players-to13829430.html
-@c and include it somewhere -td
+Most of the notational issues associated with guitar music are
+covered sufficiently in the general fretted strings section, but there
+are a few more worth covering here. Occasionally users want to
+create songbook-type documents having only lyrics with chord
+indications above them. Since Lilypond is a music typesetter,
+it is not recommended for documents that have no music notation
+in them. A better alternative is a word processor, text editor,
+or, for experienced users, a typesetter like GuitarTeX.
@menu
-* Guitar tablatures::
-* Indicating position and barring::
+* Indicating position and barring::
+* Indicating harmonics and dampened notes::
@end menu
-@node Guitar tablatures
-@subsubsection Guitar tablatures
-
-@c TODO Add text
-TBC
-
@node Indicating position and barring
-@subsubsection Indicating position and barring
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Indicating position and barring
+
+@cindex indicating position and barring for fretted instruments
+@cindex fretted instruments, indicating position and barring
This example demonstrates how to include guitar position and
barring indications.
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=0]
-\clef "G_8"
-b16 d16 g16 b16 e16
+\clef "treble_8"
+b16 d g b e
\textSpannerDown
\override TextSpanner #'bound-details #'left #'text = #"XII "
g16\startTextSpan
- b16 e16 g16 e16 b16 g16\stopTextSpan
-e16 b16 g16 d16
+ b16 e g e b g\stopTextSpan
+e16 b g d
+@end lilypond
+
+@seealso
+
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Text spanners}.
+
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Fretted strings},
+@rlsr{Expressive marks}.
+
+@node Indicating harmonics and dampened notes
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Indicating harmonics and dampened notes
+
+@cindex fretted instruments, dampened notes
+@cindex fretted instruments, harmonics
+@cindex dampened notes on fretted instruments
+@cindex harmonics on fretted instruments
+
+Special note heads can be used to indicate dampened notes or
+harmonics. Harmonics are normally further explained with a
+text markup.
+
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
+\relative c' {
+ \clef "treble_8"
+ \override Staff.NoteHead #'style = #'cross
+ g8 a b c b4
+ \override Staff.NoteHead #'style = #'harmonic-mixed
+ d^\markup { \italic { \fontsize #-2 { "harm. 12" }}} <g b>1
+}
@end lilypond
+@seealso
-Stopped (X) note heads are used in guitar music to signal a place where the
-guitarist must play a certain note or chord, with its fingers just
-touching the strings instead of fully pressing them. This gives the sound a
-percussive noise-like sound that still maintains part of the original
-pitch. It is notated with cross note heads; this is
-demonstrated in @ref{Special note heads}.
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Fretted strings}.
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Special note heads},
+@ref{Note head styles}.
@node Banjo
@subsection Banjo
-@menu Banjo tablatures
-* Banjo tablatures::
+@menu
+* Banjo tablatures::
@end menu
@node Banjo tablatures
-@subsubsection Banjo tablatures
-@cindex Banjo tablatures
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Banjo tablatures
+
+@cindex banjo tablatures
+@cindex tablature, banjo
+
+LilyPond has basic support for the five-string banjo. When making tablatures
+for five-string banjo, use the banjo tablature format function to get
+correct fret numbers for the fifth string:
-LilyPond has basic support for five stringed banjo. When making tablatures
-for five stringed banjo, use the banjo tablature format function to get
-correct
-fret numbers for the fifth string:
+@c due to crazy intervals of banjo music, absolute pitch is recommended
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
\new TabStaff <<
>>
@end lilypond
+@cindex banjo tunings
+@cindex tunings, banjo
+
+@funindex banjo-c-tuning
+@funindex banjo-modal-tuning
+@funindex banjo-open-d-tuning
+@funindex banjo-open-dm-tuning
+@funindex four-string-banjo
+
A number of common tunings for banjo are predefined in LilyPond:
@code{banjo-c-tuning} (gCGBD), @code{banjo-modal-tuning} (gDGCD),
@code{banjo-open-d-tuning} (aDF#AD) and @code{banjo-open-dm-tuning}
(aDFAD).
-These tunings may be converted to four string banjo tunings using the
+These tunings may be converted to four-string banjo tunings using the
@code{four-string-banjo} function:
@example
@seealso
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Fretted strings}.
+
The file @file{scm/@/output@/-lib@/.scm} contains predefined banjo tunings.
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff