version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
@end ignore
-@c \version "2.11.61"
+@c \version "2.12.0"
@node Fretted string instruments
@section Fretted string instruments
@cindex banjo tablature
@menu
-* Common notation for fretted strings::
-* Guitar::
-* Banjo::
+* Common notation for fretted strings::
+* Guitar::
+* Banjo::
@end menu
@node Common notation for fretted strings
to fretted string instruments.
@menu
-* References for fretted strings::
-* String number indications::
-* Default tablatures::
-* Custom tablatures::
+* References for fretted strings::
+* String number indications::
+* Default tablatures::
+* Custom tablatures::
* Fret diagram markups::
* Predefined fret diagrams::
-* Automatic fret diagrams::
-* Right-hand fingerings::
+* Automatic fret diagrams::
+* Right-hand fingerings::
@end menu
@node References for fretted strings
tablature. Sometimes the two types are combined, and it is
especially common in popular music to use chord diagrams above
a staff of traditional notation. The guitar and the banjo are
-transposing instruments, sounding an octave lower than written.
-Scores for these instruments should use the @code{"treble_8"} clef.
-Some other elements pertinent to fretted string instruments
+transposing instruments, sounding an octave lower than written.
+Scores for these instruments should use the @code{"treble_8"} clef.
+Some other elements pertinent to fretted string instruments
are covered elsewhere:
@itemize
-@item Fingerings are indicated with @ref{Fingering instructions}.
+@item Fingerings are indicated as shown in @ref{Fingering instructions}.
@item Instructions for @notation{Laissez vibrer} ties
-as well as ties on arpeggios and tremolos is described in
+as well as ties on arpeggios and tremolos can be found in
@ref{Ties}.
-@item Instructions on handling multiple voices is described
-in @ref{Collision resolution}.
+@item Instructions for handling multiple voices can be found
+in @ref{Collision resolution}.
+
+@item Instructions for indicating harmonics can be found in
+@ref{Harmonics}.
@end itemize
-@seealso
+@seealso
Notation Reference:
@ref{Fingering instructions},
@ref{Ties},
@ref{List of articulations},
@ref{Clef}.
+
@node String number indications
@unnumberedsubsubsec String number indications
@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
{allowing-fingerings-to-be-printed-inside-the-staff.ly}
-@seealso
+@seealso
Notation Reference:
@ref{Fingering instructions}.
Tablature notation is used for notating music for plucked string
instruments. Pitches are not denoted with note heads, but by
-numbers indicating on which string and fret a note must be played.
+numbers indicating on which string and fret a note must be played.
LilyPond offers limited support for tablature.
The string number associated with a note is given as a backslash
-followed by a number. By default, string 1 is the highest,
-and the tuning defaults to the standard guitar tuning (with 6 strings).
+followed by a number. By default, string 1 is the highest,
+and the tuning defaults to the standard guitar tuning (with 6 strings).
The notes are printed as tablature, by using @code{TabStaff} and
@code{TabVoice} contexts
When no string is specified for a note, the note is assigned to
-the lowest string that can generate the note with a fret number
+the highest string that can generate the note with a fret number
greater than or equal to the value of @code{minimumFret}.
The default value for @code{minimumFret} is 0.
@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
{polyphony-in-tablature.ly}
-@seealso
+@seealso
Notation Reference:
@ref{Stems}.
Snippets:
@rlsr{Fretted strings}.
-Internals Reference:
+Internals Reference:
@rinternals{TabNoteHead},
@rinternals{TabStaff},
@rinternals{TabVoice},
@rinternals{Beam}.
+
@knownissues
Chords are not handled in a special way, and hence the automatic
@funindex StringTunings
-LilyPond tabulature automatically calculates the fret for
+LilyPond tabulature automatically calculates the fret for
a note based on the string to which the note is assigned.
In order to do this, the tuning of the strings must be
specified. The tuning of the strings is given in the
@code{StringTunings} property.
LilyPond comes with predefined string tunings for banjo, mandolin,
-guitar and bass guitar. Lilypond automatically sets the correct
+guitar and bass guitar. LilyPond automatically sets the correct
transposition for predefined tunings. The following example is
for bass guitar, which sounds an octave lower than written.
The default string tuning is @code{guitar-tuning}, which
is the standard EADGBE tuning. Some other predefined tunings are
@code{guitar-open-g-tuning}, @code{mandolin-tuning} and
-@code{banjo-open-g-tuning}. The predefined string tunings
+@code{banjo-open-g-tuning}. The predefined string tunings
are found in @code{scm/output-lib.scm}.
-A string tuning is a Scheme list of string pitches,
+A string tuning is a Scheme list of string pitches,
one for each string, ordered by string number from 1 to N,
where string 1 is at the top of the tablature staff and
-string N is at the bottom. This ordinarily results in ordering
-from highest pitch to lowest pitch, but some instruments
+string N is at the bottom. This ordinarily results in ordering
+from highest pitch to lowest pitch, but some instruments
(e.g. ukulele) do not have strings ordered by pitch.
-A string pitch in a string tuning list is the pitch difference
-of the open string from middle C measured in semitones. The
-string pitch must be an integer. Lilypond calculates the actual
-pitch of the string by adding the string tuning pitch to the
+A string pitch in a string tuning list is the pitch difference
+of the open string from middle C measured in semitones. The
+string pitch must be an integer. LilyPond calculates the actual
+pitch of the string by adding the string tuning pitch to the
actual pitch for middle C.
LilyPond automatically calculates the number of strings in the
>>
@end lilypond
-@seealso
+@seealso
Installed Files:
@file{scm/output-lib.scm}.
Snippets:
@rlsr{Fretted strings}.
-Internals Reference:
+Internals Reference:
@rinternals{Tab_note_heads_engraver}.
@lilypond[quote, verbatim]
<<
\context ChordNames {
- \chordmode {
- c1 d:m
+ \chordmode {
+ c1 d:m
}
}
\context Staff {
\clef "treble_8"
- < c e g c' e' > 1 ^\markup
+ < c e g c' e' > 1 ^\markup
\fret-diagram #"6-x;5-3;4-2;3-o;2-1;1-o;"
< d a d' f'> ^\markup
\fret-diagram #"6-x;5-x;4-o;3-2;2-3;1-1;"
- }
+ }
>>
@end lilypond
@lilypond[quote, verbatim]
<<
\context ChordNames {
- \chordmode {
- c1 d:m
+ \chordmode {
+ c1 d:m
}
}
\context Staff {
\clef "treble_8"
- < c e g c' e' > 1 ^\markup
+ < c e g c' e' > 1 ^\markup
\fret-diagram #"f:1;6-x;5-3-3;4-2-2;3-o;2-1-1;1-o;"
< d a d' f'> ^\markup
\fret-diagram #"f:2;6-x;5-x;4-o;3-2-2;2-3-3;1-1-1;"
- }
+ }
>>
@end lilypond
@lilypond[quote, verbatim]
<<
\context ChordNames {
- \chordmode {
- c1 d:m
+ \chordmode {
+ c1 d:m
}
}
\context Staff {
\clef "treble_8"
- < c e g c' e' > 1 ^\markup
+ < c e g c' e' > 1 ^\markup
\fret-diagram #"d:0.35;6-x;5-3;4-2;3-o;2-1;1-o;"
< d a d' f'> ^\markup
\fret-diagram #"p:0.2;6-x;5-x;4-o;3-2;2-3;1-1;"
- }
+ }
>>
@end lilypond
@funindex \fret-diagram-terse
The fret-diagram-terse markup string omits string numbers; the string
-number is implied by the presence of semicolons. There is one semicolon
+number is implied by the presence of semicolons. There is one semicolon
for each string in the diagram. The first semicolon corresponds to the
highest string number and the last semicolon corresponds to the first string.
Mute strings, open strings, and fret numbers can be indicated.
\fret-diagram-terse #"3-(;5;5;4;3;3-);"
}
>>
-@end lilypond
+@end lilypond
Fingering indications can be included in the fret-diagram-terse markup string.
@c Need to use override to enable fingerings to show this -- can we do so?
@lilypond[quote, verbatim]
-<<
+<<
\context ChordNames {
\chordmode {
c1 d:m
}
}
\context Staff {
- \override Voice.TextScript
- #'fret-diagram-details #'finger-code = #'below-string
+ \override Voice.TextScript
+ #'(fret-diagram-details finger-code) = #'below-string
\clef "treble_8"
< c e g c' e' > 1 ^\markup
\fret-diagram-terse #"x;3-3;2-2;o;1-1;o;"
>>
@end lilypond
-Fingering indications and barres can be included in a
-fret-diagram-verbose markup string.
+Fingering indications and barres can be included in a
+fret-diagram-verbose markup string. Unique to the
+fret-diagram-verbose interface is a capo indication that
+can be placed on the fret diagram. The capo indication is
+a thick bar that covers all strings. The fret with the
+capo will be the lowest fret in the fret diagram.
@c \override is necessary to make fingering visible
@lilypond[quote, verbatim]
<<
\context ChordNames {
\chordmode {
- f1 g
+ f1 g c
}
}
\context Staff {
\clef "treble_8"
\override Voice.TextScript
- #'fret-diagram-details #'finger-code = #'below-string
+ #'(fret-diagram-details finger-code) = #'below-string
< f, c f a c' f'>1 ^\markup
\fret-diagram-verbose #'(
(open 2)
(place-fret 1 3 3)
)
- }
+ < c e g c' e'> ^\markup
+ \fret-diagram-verbose #'(
+ (capo 3)
+ (mute 6)
+ (place-fret 4 5 1)
+ (place-fret 3 5 2)
+ (place-fret 2 5 3)
+ )
+ }
>>
@end lilypond
-All other fret diagram properties must be adjusted using @code{\override}
+All other fret diagram properties must be adjusted using @code{\override}
when using the fret-diagram-verbose markup.
@ignore
fis^\markup \override #'(size . 0.75) {
\override #'(finger-code . below-string) {
\fret-diagram-verbose #'((place-fret 6 2 1) (barre 6 1 2)
- (place-fret 5 4 3)
+ (place-fret 5 4 3)
(place-fret 4 4 4)
- (place-fret 3 3 2)
+ (place-fret 3 3 2)
(place-fret 2 2 1)
(place-fret 1 2 1))
}
@seealso
-
Notation Reference:
@ref{Text markup commands}.
Internals Reference:
@rinternals{fret-diagram-interface}.
+
@node Predefined fret diagrams
@unnumberedsubsubsec Predefined fret diagrams
@end lilypond
The default predefined fret diagrams are contained in the file
-@code{predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly}. Fret diagrams are
+@code{predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly}. Fret diagrams are
stored based on the pitches of a chord and the value of
-@code{stringTunings} that is currently in use.
-@code{predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly} contains predefined
+@code{stringTunings} that is currently in use.
+@code{predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly} contains predefined
fret diagrams only for @code{guitar-tuning}. Predefined fret
diagrams can be added for other instruments or other tunings
-by following the examples found in
-@code{predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly}.
+by following the examples found in
+@code{predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly}.
Chord pitches can be entered
either as simultaneous music or using chord mode (see
@cindex adding custom fret diagrams
Fret diagrams can be added to the fret diagram table. To add a diagram,
-you must specify the chord for the diagram, the tuning to be used, and the
-fret-diagram-terse definition string for the diagram.
+you must specify the chord for the diagram, the tuning to be used, and
+a definition for the diagram. The diagram definition can be either a
+fret-diagram-terse definition string or a fret-diagram-verbose
+marking list.
@lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
\include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
-\storePredefinedDiagram \chordmode {c:9}
+\storePredefinedDiagram \chordmode {c:9}
#guitar-tuning
#"x;3-2;2-1;3-3;3-4;x;"
@end lilypond
Different fret diagrams for the same chord name can be stored using different
-octaves of pitches.
+octaves of pitches. The different octave should be at least two octaves
+above or below the default octave, because the octaves above and below the
+default octave are used for transposing fretboards.
@lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
\include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
-\storePredefinedDiagram \chordmode {c'}
+\storePredefinedDiagram \chordmode {c''}
#guitar-tuning
- #(offset-fret 2 (chord-shape 'bes))
+ #(offset-fret 2 (chord-shape 'bes guitar-tuning))
mychords = \chordmode{
- c1 c'
+ c1 c''
}
<<
shapes. The chord shapes are fret diagrams that can be shifted along
the neck to different posistions to provide different chords. Chord
shapes can be added to the internal list and then used to define
-predefined fret diagrams.
+predefined fret diagrams. Because they can be moved to various
+positions on the neck, chord shapes will normally not contain
+any open strings. Like fret diagrams, chord shapes can be
+entered as either fret-diagram-terse strings or fret-diagram-verbose
+marking lists.
@lilypond[verbatim, ragged-right, quote]
\include "predefined-guitar-fretboards.ly"
% add a new chord shape
-\addChordShape #'powerf #"1-1;3-3;3-4;x;x;x;"
+\addChordShape #'powerf #guitar-tuning #"1-1;3-3;3-4;x;x;x;"
% add some new chords based on the power chord shape
-\storePredefinedDiagram \chordmode {f'}
- #guitar-tuning
- #(chord-shape 'powerf)
-\storePredefinedDiagram \chordmode {g'}
+\storePredefinedDiagram \chordmode {f''}
+ #guitar-tuning
+ #(chord-shape 'powerf guitar-tuning)
+\storePredefinedDiagram \chordmode {g''}
#guitar-tuning
- #(offset-fret 2 (chord-shape 'powerf))
+ #(offset-fret 2 (chord-shape 'powerf guitar-tuning))
mychords = \chordmode{
- f1 f' g g'
+ f1 f'' g g''
}
<<
The graphical layout of a fret diagram can be customized according to
user preference through the properties of the @code{fret-diagram-interface}.
-Details are found at @rinternals{fret-diagram-interface}. For a
-predefined fret diagram, the interface properties belong to
+Details are found at @rinternals{fret-diagram-interface}. For a
+predefined fret diagram, the interface properties belong to
@code{FretBoards.FretBoard}.
@snippets
@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
{defining-predefined-fretboards-for-other-instruments.ly}
-@seealso
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{chordchanges-for-fretboards.ly}
+@seealso
Notation Reference:
@ref{Custom tablatures},
@ref{Automatic fret diagrams},
@cindex automatic fret diagrams
@cindex automatic chord diagrams
-Fret diagrams can be automatically created from entered notes using the
+Fret diagrams can be automatically created from entered notes using the
@code{FretBoards} context. If no predefined diagram is available for
the entered notes in the active @code{stringTunings}, this context
calculates strings and frets that can be used to play the notes.
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
<<
\context ChordNames {
- \chordmode {
- f1 g
+ \chordmode {
+ f1 g
}
}
\context FretBoards {
\clef "treble_8"
< f, c f a c' f'>1
< g, b, d g b' g'>
- }
+ }
>>
@end lilypond
@funindex predefinedFretboardsOn
@funindex \predefinedFretboardsOn
-As no predefined diagrams are loaded by default, automatic calculation
+As no predefined diagrams are loaded by default, automatic calculation
of fret diagrams is the default behavior. Once default diagrams are
loaded, automatic calculation can be enabled and disabled with predefined
commands:
#"x;3-1-(;5-2;5-3;5-4;3-1-1);"
<<
\context ChordNames {
- \chordmode {
- c1 c c
+ \chordmode {
+ c1 c c
}
}
\context FretBoards {
<c e g c' e'>1
<c e g c' e'>
<c e g c' e'>
- }
+ }
>>
@end lilypond
-
+
Sometimes the fretboard calculator will be unable to find
an accceptable diagram. This can often be remedied by
manually assigning a note to a string. In many cases, only one
-note need be manually placed on a string; the rest of
+note need be manually placed on a string; the rest of
the notes will then be placed appropriately by the @code{FretBoards}
context.
@lilypond[quote, verbatim]
<<
\context ChordNames {
- \chordmode {
- c1 d:m
+ \chordmode {
+ c1 d:m
}
}
\context FretBoards {
\clef "treble_8"
< c e g c' e' > 1
< d a d' f'>
- }
+ }
>>
@end lilypond
The strings and frets for the @code{FretBoards} context depend
on the @code{stringTunings} property, which has the same meaning
-as in the TabStaff context. See @ref{Custom tablatures} for
-information on the @code{stringTunings} property.
+as in the TabStaff context. See @ref{Custom tablatures} for
+information on the @code{stringTunings} property.
The graphical layout of a fret diagram can be customized according to
user preference through the properties of the @code{fret-diagram-interface}.
-Details are found at @rinternals{fret-diagram-interface}. For a
-@code{FretBoards} fret diagram, the interface properties belong to
+Details are found at @rinternals{fret-diagram-interface}. For a
+@code{FretBoards} fret diagram, the interface properties belong to
@code{FretBoards.FretBoard}.
+
@predefined
@code{\predefinedFretboardsOff},
@code{\predefinedFretboardsOn}.
+@endpredefined
-@seealso
+@seealso
Notation Reference:
@ref{Custom tablatures}.
@funindex rightHandFinger
@funindex \rightHandFinger
-Right-hand fingerings @var{p-i-m-a} must be entered within a
-chord construct @code{<>} for them to be printed in the score,
-even when applied to a single note.
+Right-hand fingerings @var{p-i-m-a} must be entered within a
+chord construct @code{<>} for them to be printed in the score,
+even when applied to a single note.
-@warning{There @strong{must} be a hyphen after the note and a space
+@warning{There @strong{must} be a hyphen after the note and a space
before the closing @code{>}.}
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=0]
\clef "treble_8"
-<c-\rightHandFinger #1 >4
-<e-\rightHandFinger #2 >
-<g-\rightHandFinger #3 >
+<c-\rightHandFinger #1 >4
+<e-\rightHandFinger #2 >
+<g-\rightHandFinger #3 >
<c-\rightHandFinger #4 >
<c,-\rightHandFinger #1 e-\rightHandFinger #2
g-\rightHandFinger #3 c-\rightHandFinger #4 >1
@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
{fingerings,-string-indications,-and-right-hand-fingerings.ly}
-@seealso
+@seealso
Snippets:
@rlsr{Fretted strings}.
-Internals Reference:
+Internals Reference:
@rinternals{StrokeFinger}.
Most of the notational issues associated with guitar music are
covered sufficiently in the general fretted strings section, but there
-are a few more worth covering here. Occasionally users want to
+are a few more worth covering here. Occasionally users want to
create songbook-type documents having only lyrics with chord
-indications above them. Since Lilypond is a music typesetter,
+indications above them. Since LilyPond is a music typesetter,
it is not recommended for documents that have no music notation
-in them. A better alternative is a word processor, text editor,
+in them. A better alternative is a word processor, text editor,
or, for experienced users, a typesetter like GuitarTeX.
@menu
-* Indicating position and barring::
-* Indicating harmonics and dampened notes::
+* Indicating position and barring::
+* Indicating harmonics and dampened notes::
@end menu
@node Indicating position and barring
\clef "treble_8"
b16 d g b e
\textSpannerDown
-\override TextSpanner #'bound-details #'left #'text = #"XII "
+\override TextSpanner #'(bound-details left text) = #"XII "
g16\startTextSpan
b16 e g e b g\stopTextSpan
e16 b g d
@end lilypond
-@seealso
+@seealso
Notation Reference:
@ref{Text spanners}.
@rlsr{Fretted strings},
@rlsr{Expressive marks}.
+
@node Indicating harmonics and dampened notes
@unnumberedsubsubsec Indicating harmonics and dampened notes
@cindex dampened notes on fretted instruments
@cindex harmonics on fretted instruments
-Special note heads can be used to indicate dampened notes or
-harmonics. Harmonics are normally further explained with a
+Special note heads can be used to indicate dampened notes or
+harmonics. Harmonics are normally further explained with a
text markup.
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
}
@end lilypond
-@seealso
+@seealso
Snippets:
@rlsr{Fretted strings}.
@ref{Special note heads},
@ref{Note head styles}.
+
@node Banjo
@subsection Banjo
@menu
-* Banjo tablatures::
+* Banjo tablatures::
@end menu
@node Banjo tablatures
\set TabStaff.stringTunings = #(four-string-banjo banjo-c-tuning)
@end example
-@seealso
+@seealso
Snippets:
@rlsr{Fretted strings}.
The file @file{scm/@/output@/-lib@/.scm} contains predefined banjo tunings.
-
-
-
-
-
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff