version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
@end ignore
-@c \version "2.11.51"
+@c \version "2.12.0"
@node Chord notation
Chords entered using chord mode are music elements, and can be
transposed just like chords entered using simultaneous music.
+@code{\chordmode} is absolute, as @code{\relative} has no effect
+on @code{chordmode} blocks. However, in @code{\chordmode} the
+absolute pitches are one octave higher than in note mode.
Chord mode and note mode can be mixed in sequential music:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,relative=1]
-<c e g>2 < g b d >
-\chordmode { c2 f}
-< c e g > < g' b d >
-\chordmode { f g}
+<c e g>2 <g b d>
+\chordmode { c2 f }
+<c e g>2 <g' b d>
+\chordmode { f2 g }
@end lilypond
@seealso
-
Music Glossary:
@rglos{chord}.
Snippets:
@rlsr{Chords}
+
@knownissues
When chord mode and note mode are mixed in sequential music, and
context.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,relative=1]
-\chordmode { c2 f}
-< c e g > < g' b d >
+\chordmode { c2 f }
+<c e g>2 <g' b d>
@end lilypond
To avoid this behavior, explicitly create the @code{Staff} context:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,relative=1]
\new Staff {
- \chordmode { c2 f}
- < c e g > < g' b d >
+ \chordmode { c2 f }
+ <c e g>2 <g' b d>
}
@end lilypond
@funindex m
The table belows shows the actions of the quality modifiers on
-triads and seventh chords. A more complete table of modifier usage
+triads and seventh chords. The default seventh step added to
+chords is a minor or flatted seventh, which makes the dominant
+seventh the basic seventh chord. All alterations are relative to
+the dominant seventh. A more complete table of modifier usage
is found at @ref{Common chord modifiers}.
@c @table @code
}
@end lilypond
-@item
+@item
m, m7
@tab
-The minor chord. This modifier lowers the 3rd and (if present) the
-7th step.
+The minor chord. This modifier lowers the 3rd.
@tab
@lilypond[line-width=4\cm, noragged-right]
\chordmode {
@end lilypond
-@item
+@item
dim, dim7
@tab
The diminished chord. This modifier lowers the 3rd, 5th and (if
}
@end lilypond
-@item
+@item
aug
@tab
The augmented chord. This modifier raises the 5th step.
}
@end lilypond
-@item
+@item
maj, maj7
@tab
The major 7th chord. This modifier adds a raised 7th step. The
@seealso
-
Notation Reference:
-@ref{Common chord modifiers}.
+@ref{Common chord modifiers},
+@ref{Extended and altered chords}.
Snippets:
@rlsr{Chords}.
+@knownissues
+Only one quality modifier should be used per chord, typically on the
+highest step present in the chord. Chords with more than quality
+modifier will be parsed without an error or warning, but the results
+are unpredictable. Chords that cannot be achieved with a single
+quality modifier should be altered by individual pitches, as described
+in @ref{Extended and altered chords}.
+
+
@node Extended and altered chords
@unnumberedsubsubsec Extended and altered chords
The first number following the @code{:} is taken to be the extent
of the chord. The chord is constructed by sequentially adding
thirds to the root until the specified number has been reached.
+Note that the seventh step added as part of an extended chord will be the
+minor or flatted seventh, not the major seventh.
If the extent is not a third (e.g., 6), thirds are added up to the
highest third below the extent, and then the step of the extent is
added. The largest possible value for the extent is 13. Any
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim,relative=1]
\chordmode {
c1:2 c:3 c:4 c:5
- c:6 c:7 c:8 c:9
- c:10 c:11 c:12 c:13
- c:14
+ c1:6 c:7 c:8 c:9
+ c1:10 c:11 c:12 c:13
+ c1:14
}
@end lilypond
@cindex additions, in chords
Individual steps can be added to a chord. Additions follow the
-extent and are prefixed by a dot (@code{.}).
+extent and are prefixed by a dot (@code{.}). The basic seventh
+step added to a chord is the minor or flatted seventh, rather than
+the major seventh.
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment,relative=1]
\chordmode {
Added chord steps can be altered by suffixing a @code{-} or @code{+}
sign to the number. To alter a step that is automatically included
-as part of the basic chode structure, add it as an altered step.
+as part of the basic chord structure, add it as an altered step.
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment,relative=1]
\chordmode {
@funindex ^
-Following any steps to be added, a series of steps to be removed
-is introduced in a modifier string with a prefix of @code{^}.
+Following any steps to be added, a series of steps to be removed
+is introduced in a modifier string with a prefix of @code{^}.
If more than one step is to be removed, the steps to be
removed are separated by @code{.} following the
-initial @code{^}.
+initial @code{^}.
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment,relative=1]
\chordmode {
@end lilypond
Chord modifiers that can be used to produce a variety of
-standard chords are shown in
+standard chords are shown in
@ref{Common chord modifiers}.
-@seealso
+@seealso
Notation Reference:
@ref{Common chord modifiers}.
Snippets:
@rlsr{Chords}
+
@knownissues
Each step can only be present in a chord once. The following
>>
@end lilypond
+@cindex no chord symbol
+@cindex N.C. symbol
+@cindex indicating No Chord in ChordNames
+
+Rests passed to a @code{ChordNames} context will cause the
+@code{noChordSymbol} markup to be displayed.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim, quote, relative=1]
+<<
+ \new ChordNames \chordmode {
+ c1
+ r1
+ g1
+ c1
+ }
+ \new Score \chordmode {
+ c1
+ r1
+ g1
+ c1
+ }
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
@funindex{\chords}
@code{\chords @{ ... @}} is a shortcut notation for
-@code{\new ChordNames @{\chordmode @{ ... @}@}}.
+@code{\new ChordNames @{ \chordmode @{ ... @} @}}.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right, relative=1]
\chords {
@seealso
-
Music Glossary:
@rglos{chord}.
-
Notation Reference:
@ref{Writing music in parallel}.
-
Snippets:
@rlsr{Chords}.
Internals Reference:
@rinternals{ChordNames},
+@rinternals{ChordName},
+@rinternals{Chord_name_engraver},
@rinternals{Volta_engraver},
@rinternals{Bar_engraver}.
+
@knownissues
Chords containing inversions or altered bass notes are not named
@item majorSevenSymbol
This property contains the markup object used to follow the output
-of @code{chordRootNamer} to dentify a major 7 chord. Predefined
+of @code{chordRootNamer} to identify a major 7 chord. Predefined
options are @code{whiteTriangleMarkup} and
@code{blackTriangleMarkup}.
This property is a list of pairs. The first item in each pair
is a set of pitches used to identify the steps present in the chord.
-The second item is a markups that will follow the @code{chordRootNamer}
+The second item is a markup that will follow the @code{chordRootNamer}
output to create the chord name.
@funindex chordPrefixSpacer
@item chordPrefixSpacer
The @q{m} for minor chords is usually printed immediately to the
-right of the root of the chord. By setting
-@code{chordPrefixSpacer}, you can fix a spacer between the root
-and @q{m}. The spacer is not used when the root is altered.
+right of the root of the chord. A spacer can be placed between
+the root and @q{m} by setting @code{chordPrefixSpacer}.
+The spacer is not used when the root is altered.
@end table
-@predefined
+@predefined
@funindex major seven symbols
@code{\whiteTriangleMarkup},
@code{\blackTriangleMarkup},
@code{\italianChords},
@funindex \frenchChords
@code{\frenchChords}.
+@endpredefined
@snippets
@seealso
-
Notation Reference:
@ref{Chord name chart},
@ref{Common chord modifiers}.
@c Internals Reference:
@c @r internals{}.
+
@knownissues
Chord names are determined from both the pitches that are present
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
myChords = \relative c' {
- \chordmode{ c1 c/g c/f }
- <c e g> <g c e> <f c' e g>
+ \chordmode { c1 c/g c/f }
+ <c e g>1 <g c e> <f c' e g>
}
<<
\new ChordNames { \myChords }
in @code{Staff} contexts.
@code{\figures@{ ... @}} is a shortcut notation for
-@code{\new FiguredBass @{\figuremode @{ ... @}@}}.
+@code{\new FiguredBass @{ \figuremode @{ ... @} @}}.
Although the support for figured bass may superficially resemble chord
stores the figures and the @code{FiguredBass} context prints them
as entered. There is no conversion to pitches.
+@ignore
Figures are created as markup texts. Any of the standard markup
properties can be used to modify the display of figures. For
example, the vertical spacing of the figures may be set with
@code{baseline-skip}.
+@end ignore
-@seealso
+@seealso
Music Glossary:
@rglos{figured bass}.
}
@end lilypond
-Augmented and diminished steps can be indicated.
+Augmented and diminished steps can be indicated:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment]
\figures {
@end lilypond
A backward slash through a figure (typically used for raised
-sixth steps) can be created.
+sixth steps) can be created:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment]
\figures {
- <6>
- <6\\>
+ <6> <6\\>
}
@end lilypond
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment]
\figures {
- < \markup{ \tiny \number 6 \super (1)} 5 >
+ <\markup { \tiny \number 6 \super (1) } 5>
}
@end lilypond
<<
{
\clef bass
- e d c b,
- e d c b,
+ e4 d c b,
+ e4 d c b,
}
\figures {
\bassFigureExtendersOn
- <6 4> <6 3> <7 3> <7 3>
+ <6 4>4 <6 3> <7 3> <7 3>
\bassFigureExtendersOff
- <6 4> <6 3> <7 3> <7 3>
+ <6 4>4 <6 3> <7 3> <7 3>
}
>>
@end lilypond
<<
\figures {
\bassFigureExtendersOn
- <6 4> <6 4> <6\! 4\!> <6 4>
+ <6 4>4 <6 4> <6\! 4\!> <6 4>
}
{
\clef bass
- d d c c
+ d4 d c c
}
>>
@end lilypond
@tab
End of continuation line
@tab
-@lilypond[line-width=1.5\cm]
+@lilypond[line-width=4\cm]
<<
\figures {
\bassFigureExtendersOn
@end multitable
-
@predefined
@cindex figured bass extender lines
@code{\bassFigureExtendersOn},
@code{\bassFigureExtendersOff}.
+@endpredefined
@snippets
@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
{changing-the-positions-of-figured-bass-alterations.ly}
+
@seealso
@c Music Glossary:
@c @rglos{}.
-
+@c
@c Learning Manual:
@c @rlearning{}.
-
+@c
@c Notation Reference:
-@c @ruser{}.
-
+@c @ref{}.
+@c
@c Application Usage:
@c @rprogram{}.
-
+@c
@c Installed Files:
@c @file{}.
-
+@c
Snippets:
@rlsr{Chords}.
@rinternals{BassFigureContinuation},
@rinternals{FiguredBass}.
+
@c @knownissues
+
@node Displaying figured bass
@unnumberedsubsubsec Displaying figured bass
@end lilypond
-When added in a Staff context, figured bass can be displayed above
+When added in a @code{Staff} context, figured bass can be displayed above
or below the staff.
@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,quote]
@code{\bassFigureStaffAlignmentDown},
@code{\bassFigureStaffAlignmentUp},
@code{\bassFigureStaffAlignmentNeutral}.
+@endpredefined
+
@c @snippets
+
@seealso
@c Music Glossary:
@c @rglos{}.
-
+@c
@c Learning Manual:
@c @rlearning{}.
-
+@c
@c Notation Reference:
-@c @ruser{}.
-
+@c @ref{}.
+@c
@c Application Usage:
@c @rprogram{}.
-
+@c
@c Installed Files:
@c @file{}.
-
+@c
Snippets:
@rlsr{Chords}.
@rinternals{BassFigureContinuation},
@rinternals{FiguredBass}.
+
@knownissues
To ensure that continuation lines work properly, it is
<<
{
\clef bass
- \repeat unfold 4 {f16. g32} f8. es16 d8 es
+ \repeat unfold 4 { f16. g32 } f8. es16 d8 es
}
\figures {
\bassFigureExtendersOn
% The extenders are correct here, with the same rhythm as the bass
- \repeat unfold 4 {<6 4->16. <6 4->32}
+ \repeat unfold 4 { <6 4->16. <6 4->32 }
<5>8. r16 <6>8 <6\! 5->
}
>>
<<
{
\clef bass
- \repeat unfold 4 {f16. g32} f8. es16 d8 es
+ \repeat unfold 4 { f16. g32 } f8. es16 d8 es
}
\figures {
\bassFigureExtendersOn
@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,quote,relative=1]
<<
- { fis g g, e' }
+ { fis4 g g, e' }
\figures {
\bassFigureExtendersOn
- <6 5> <5\! 4> < 5 _!> <6>
+ <6 5>4 <5\! 4> < 5 _!> <6>
}
>>
@end lilypond
@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,fragment,quote,relative=1]
<<
- { fis g g, e' }
+ { fis4 g g, e' }
\figures {
- <6 5> <5 4>
+ <6 5>4 <5 4>
\bassFigureExtendersOn
- < 5 _!> <6>
+ < 5 _!>4 <6>
\bassFigureExtendersOff
}
>>
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff