Guide, node Updating translation committishes..
@end ignore
-@c \version "2.19.2"
+@c \version "2.19.21"
@node Staff notation
@section Staff notation
The basic staff context is @code{Staff}:
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\new Staff { c4 d e f }
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\new Staff \relative { c''4 d e f }
@end lilypond
The @code{DrumStaff} context creates a five-line staff set up for
displays the rhythmic values of the input. Real durations are
preserved. For details, see @ref{Showing melody rhythms}.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
\new RhythmicStaff { c4 d e f }
@end lilypond
@code{TabStaff} creates a tablature with six strings in standard
guitar tuning. For details, see @ref{Default tablatures}.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\new TabStaff { c4 d e f }
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\new TabStaff \relative { c''4 d e f }
@end lilypond
There are two staff contexts specific for the notation of ancient
The @code{GregorianTranscriptionStaff} context creates a staff to
notate modern Gregorian chant. It does not show bar lines.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\new GregorianTranscriptionStaff { c4 d e f e d }
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\new GregorianTranscriptionStaff \relative { c''4 d e f e d }
@end lilypond
New single staff contexts may be defined. For details, see
the group is started with a vertical line, and the bar lines are
not connected.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
<<
- \new Staff { c1 c }
- \new Staff { c1 c }
+ \new Staff \relative { c''1 c }
+ \new Staff \relative { c''1 c }
>>
@end lilypond
In the @code{StaffGroup} context, the group is started with a
bracket and bar lines are drawn through all the staves.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
\new StaffGroup <<
- \new Staff { c1 c }
- \new Staff { c1 c }
+ \new Staff \relative { c''1 c }
+ \new Staff \relative { c''1 c }
>>
@end lilypond
In a @code{ChoirStaff}, the group starts with a bracket, but bar
lines are not connected.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
\new ChoirStaff <<
- \new Staff { c1 c }
- \new Staff { c1 c }
+ \new Staff \relative { c''1 c }
+ \new Staff \relative { c''1 c }
>>
@end lilypond
In a @code{GrandStaff}, the group begins with a brace, and bar
lines are connected between the staves.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
\new GrandStaff <<
- \new Staff { c1 c }
- \new Staff { c1 c }
+ \new Staff \relative { c''1 c }
+ \new Staff \relative { c''1 c }
>>
@end lilypond
that it supports printing the instrument name directly. For
details, see @ref{Instrument names}.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
\new PianoStaff <<
\set PianoStaff.instrumentName = #"Piano"
- \new Staff { c1 c }
- \new Staff { c1 c }
+ \new Staff \relative { c''1 c }
+ \new Staff \relative { \clef bass c1 c }
>>
@end lilypond
case, each child context creates a new bracket adjacent to the
bracket of its parent group.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
\new StaffGroup <<
- \new Staff { c2 c | c2 c }
+ \new Staff \relative { c''2 c | c2 c }
\new StaffGroup <<
- \new Staff { g2 g | g2 g }
+ \new Staff \relative { g'2 g | g2 g }
\new StaffGroup \with {
systemStartDelimiter = #'SystemStartSquare
}
<<
- \new Staff { e2 e | e2 e }
- \new Staff { c2 c | c2 c }
+ \new Staff \relative { e'2 e | e2 e }
+ \new Staff \relative { c'2 c | c2 c }
>>
>>
>>
\score {
\new StaffGroup <<
\new Staff {
- \relative c'' {
- c4 c c c
+ \relative {
+ c''4 c c c
\break
c4 c c c
}
}
\new Staff {
- \relative c'' {
- c4 c c c
+ \relative {
+ c''4 c c c
\break
c4 c c c
}
stop or (re)start the staff lines respectively, from being printed at
any point witin a score.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\stopStaff f4 d \startStaff g, e
-f'4 d \stopStaff g, e
-f'4 d \startStaff g, e
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+ \stopStaff f''4 d \startStaff g, e
+ f'4 d \stopStaff g, e
+ f'4 d \startStaff g, e
+}
@end lilypond
@predefined
The number of staff lines can be altered:
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-f4 d \stopStaff
-\override Staff.StaffSymbol.line-count = #2
-\startStaff g, e |
-
-f'4 d \stopStaff
-\revert Staff.StaffSymbol.line-count
-\startStaff g, e |
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+ f''4 d \stopStaff
+ \override Staff.StaffSymbol.line-count = #2
+ \startStaff g, e |
+
+ f'4 d \stopStaff
+ \revert Staff.StaffSymbol.line-count
+ \startStaff g, e |
+}
@end lilypond
The position of each staff line can also be altered. A list of
printed for every value entered so that the number of staff lines, as
well as their position, can be changed with a single override.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-f4 d \stopStaff
-\override Staff.StaffSymbol.line-positions = #'(1 3 5 -1 -3)
-\startStaff g, e |
-f'4 d \stopStaff
-\override Staff.StaffSymbol.line-positions = #'(8 6.5 -6 -8 -0.5)
-\startStaff g, e
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+ f''4 d \stopStaff
+ \override Staff.StaffSymbol.line-positions = #'(1 3 5 -1 -3)
+ \startStaff g, e |
+ f'4 d \stopStaff
+ \override Staff.StaffSymbol.line-positions = #'(8 6.5 -6 -8 -0.5)
+ \startStaff g, e |
+}
@end lilypond
To preserve typical stem directions (in the bottom half of the staff
Staff line thickness can be altered. Ledger lines and note stems, by
default, are also affected.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
\new Staff \with {
\override StaffSymbol.thickness = #3
+} \relative {
+ f''4 d g, e
}
-{ f4 d g, e }
@end lilypond
It is also possible to set ledger line thickness independently of staff
lines.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
\new Staff \with {
\override StaffSymbol.thickness = #2
\override StaffSymbol.ledger-line-thickness = #'(0.5 . 0.4)
+} \relative {
+ f'''4 a, a,, f
}
-{ f'4 a, a,, f }
@end lilypond
@noindent
The vertical positions of ledger lines can be altered,
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
\new Staff \with {
\override StaffSymbol.ledger-positions = #'(-3 -2 -1 2 5 6)
+} \relative {
+ f'''4 a, a,, f
}
-{ f'4 a, a,, f }
@end lilypond
Additional ledger lines can be made to appear above or below note heads
depending on the current position relative to other note heads that
also have their own ledger lines.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
\new Staff \with {
\override StaffSymbol.ledger-extra = #4
+} \relative {
+ f'''4 a, d, f,
}
-{ f'4 a, d, f, }
@end lilypond
Ledger lines can also be made to appear inside the staff where custom
The @code{\stopStaff} is needed in the example to revert the
@code{\override} for the whole @code{StaffSymbol}.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
-\override Staff.StaffSymbol.line-positions = #'(-8 0 2 4)
-d4 e f g
-\stopStaff
-\startStaff
-\override Staff.StaffSymbol.ledger-positions = #'(-8 -6 (-4 -2) 0)
-d4 e f g
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative d' {
+ \override Staff.StaffSymbol.line-positions = #'(-8 0 2 4)
+ d4 e f g
+ \stopStaff
+ \startStaff
+ \override Staff.StaffSymbol.ledger-positions = #'(-8 -6 (-4 -2) 0)
+ d4 e f g
+}
@end lilypond
The distance between staff lines can be altered. This affects ledger
line spacing as well.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
\new Staff \with {
\override StaffSymbol.staff-space = #1.5
+} \relative {
+ f'''4 d, g, e,
}
-{ f'4 d, g, e, }
@end lilypond
@snippets
staff in the appropriate location:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\new Staff \relative c'' {
- c4 b d c
+\new Staff \relative {
+ c''4 b d c
<<
{ c4 b d c }
\new Staff { e4 d f e }
only a few ossia staves are needed.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\new Staff = "main" \relative c'' {
- c4 b d c
+\new Staff = "main" \relative {
+ c''4 b d c
<<
{ c4 b d c }
}
{ \stopStaff s1*6 }
- \new Staff \relative c' {
- c4 b c2
+ \new Staff \relative {
+ c'4 b c2
<<
{ e4 f e2 }
\context Staff = "ossia" {
\remove "Time_signature_engraver"
\hide Clef
\magnifyStaff #2/3
- } \relative c'' {
+ } \relative {
R1*3
- c4 e8 d c2
+ c''4 e8 d c2
}
- \new Staff \relative c' {
- c4 b c2
+ \new Staff \relative {
+ c'4 b c2
e4 f e2
g4 a g2 \break
c4 b c2
\new Staff \with {
\remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
}
-\relative c''' { a8 f e16 d c b a2 }
+\relative { a''8 f e16 d c b a2 }
@end lilypond
}
}
-\relative c' <<
+\relative <<
\new Staff {
- e4 f g a \break
+ e'4 f g a \break
b1 \break
a4 b c2
}
@code{instrumentName} is used for the first staff, and the value
of @code{shortInstrumentName} is used for all succeeding staves.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,relative=1]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
\new Staff \with {
instrumentName = #"Violin "
shortInstrumentName = #"Vln. "
+} \relative {
+ c'4.. g'16 c4.. g'16 \break | c1 |
}
-{ c4.. g'16 c4.. g'16 \break | c1 }
@end lilypond
@cindex instrument names, complex
@code{\markup} can be used to create more complex instrument names:
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
\new Staff \with {
instrumentName = \markup {
\column { "Clarinetti"
\line { "in B" \smaller \flat }
}
}
+} \relative {
+ c''4 c,16 d e f g2
}
-{ c4 c,16 d e f g2 }
@end lilypond
@cindex instrument names, centering
names and short instrument names are centered by default. To center
multi-line instrument names, @code{\center-column} must be used:
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,indent=1.5\cm,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,indent=1.5\cm]
<<
\new Staff \with {
instrumentName = #"Flute"
- }
- { f2 g4 f }
+ } \relative {
+ f''2 g4 f
+}
\new Staff \with {
instrumentName = \markup {
\center-column { "Clarinet"
\line { "in B" \smaller \flat }
}
}
- }
- { c4 b c2 }
+ } \relative { c''4 b c2 }
>>
@end lilypond
settings, see @ref{paper variables for shifts and indents,,@code{@bs{}paper} variables for shifts and indents}.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
-\relative c'' {
- <<
- \new Staff \with {
- instrumentName = #"Alto Flute in G"
- shortInstrumentName = #"Flt."
- }
- {
- f2 g4 f \break
- g4 f g2
- }
- \new Staff \with {
- instrumentName = #"Clarinet"
- shortInstrumentName = #"Clar."
- }
- {
- c,4 b c2 \break
- c2 b4 c
- }
- >>
-}
+<<
+ \new Staff \with {
+ instrumentName = #"Alto Flute in G"
+ shortInstrumentName = #"Flt."
+ } \relative {
+ f''2 g4 f \break
+ g4 f g2
+ }
+ \new Staff \with {
+ instrumentName = #"Clarinet"
+ shortInstrumentName = #"Clar."
+ } \relative {
+ c''4 b c2 \break
+ c2 b4 c
+ }
+>>
\layout {
indent = 3.0\cm
shortInstrumentName = #"Flt."
midiInstrument = #"flute"
}
-\relative c'' {
- g1 g g g \break
+\relative {
+ g'1 g g g \break
g1 g \prepPiccolo R R \break
\setPiccolo
g1 g g g \break
for the duration of the quote.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-fluteNotes = \relative c'' {
- a4 gis g gis | b4^"quoted" r8 ais\p a4( f)
+fluteNotes = \relative {
+ a'4 gis g gis | b4^"quoted" r8 ais\p a4( f)
}
-oboeNotes = \relative c'' {
- c4 cis c b \quoteDuring #"flute" { s1 }
+oboeNotes = \relative {
+ c''4 cis c b \quoteDuring #"flute" { s1 }
}
\addQuote "flute" { \fluteNotes }
polyphony and may produce unexpected results.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-fluteNotes = \relative c'' {
- a4 gis g gis | b4^"quoted" r8 ais\p a4( f)
+fluteNotes = \relative {
+ a'4 gis g gis | b4^"quoted" r8 ais\p a4( f)
}
-oboeNotes = \relative c'' {
- c4 cis c b \quoteDuring #"flute" { e4 r8 ais b4 a }
+oboeNotes = \relative {
+ c''4 cis c b \quoteDuring #"flute" { e4 r8 ais b4 a }
}
\addQuote "flute" { \fluteNotes }
}
@end lilypond
+If an @code{\unfoldRepeat} command in a music expression is required to
+be printed when using @code{\quoteDuring}, then it too must also contain
+its own @code{\unfoldRepeat} command;
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+fluteNotes = \relative {
+ \repeat volta 2 { a'4 gis g gis }
+}
+
+oboeNotesDW = \relative {
+ \repeat volta 2 \quoteDuring #"incorrect" { s1 }
+}
+
+oboeNotesW = \relative {
+ \repeat volta 2 \quoteDuring #"correct" { s1 }
+}
+
+
+\addQuote "incorrect" { \fluteNotes }
+
+\addQuote "correct" { \unfoldRepeats \fluteNotes }
+
+\score {
+ \unfoldRepeats
+ <<
+ \new Staff \with { instrumentName = "Flute" }
+ \fluteNotes
+ \new Staff \with { instrumentName = "Oboe (incorrect)" }
+ \oboeNotesDW
+ \new Staff \with { instrumentName = "Oboe (correct)" }
+ \oboeNotesW
+ >>
+}
+@end lilypond
+
The @code{\quoteDuring} command uses the @code{\transposition} settings
of both quoted and quoting parts to produce notes for the quoting part
that have the same sounding pitch as those in the quoted part.
b4 ais a ais | cis4^"quoted" r8 bis\p b4( f)
}
-oboeNotes = \relative c'' {
- c4 cis c b \quoteDuring #"clarinet" { s1 }
+oboeNotes = \relative {
+ c''4 cis c b \quoteDuring #"clarinet" { s1 }
}
\addQuote "clarinet" { \clarinetNotes }
@code{quotedEventTypes} context property.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-fluteNotes = \relative c'' {
- a2 g2 |
+fluteNotes = \relative {
+ a'2 g2 |
b4\<^"quoted" r8 ais a4\f( c->)
}
-oboeNotes = \relative c'' {
- c2. b4 |
+oboeNotes = \relative {
+ c''2. b4 |
\quoteDuring #"flute" { s1 }
}
The simplest way to format cue notes is to explicitly create a
@code{CueVoice} context within the part.
-@lilypond[verbatim,relative=1]
-R1
-<<
- { e2\rest r4. e8 }
- \new CueVoice {
- \stemUp d'8^"flute" c d e fis2
- }
->>
-d,4 r a r
+@lilypond[verbatim]
+\relative {
+ R1
+ <<
+ { e'2\rest r4. e8 }
+ \new CueVoice {
+ \stemUp d'8^"flute" c d e fis2
+ }
+ >>
+ d,4 r a r
+}
@end lilypond
The @code{\cueClef} command can also be used with an explict
command can then be used to switch back to the original clef, again with
an appropriately sized clef.
-@lilypond[verbatim,noragged-right,relative=1]
-\clef "bass"
-R1
-<<
- { e2\rest r4. \cueClefUnset e,8 }
- \new CueVoice {
- \cueClef "treble" \stemUp d''8^"flute" c d e fis2
- }
->>
-d,,4 r a r
+@lilypond[verbatim,noragged-right]
+\relative {
+ \clef "bass"
+ R1
+ <<
+ { e'2\rest r4. \cueClefUnset e,8 }
+ \new CueVoice {
+ \cueClef "treble" \stemUp d''8^"flute" c d e fis2
+ }
+ >>
+ d,,4 r a r
+}
@end lilypond
The @code{\cueClef} and @code{\cueClefUnset} command can also be used
without a @code{CueVoice} if required.
-@lilypond[verbatim,noragged-right,relative=1]
-\clef "bass"
-R1
-\cueClef "treble"
-d'8^"flute" c d e fis2
-\cueClefUnset
-d,,4 r a r
+@lilypond[verbatim,noragged-right]
+\relative {
+ \clef "bass"
+ R1
+ \cueClef "treble"
+ d''8^"flute" c d e fis2
+ \cueClefUnset
+ d,,4 r a r
+}
@end lilypond
For more complex cue note placement, e.g including transposition, or
the cue notes are printed in relation to the other voice.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-fluteNotes = \relative c'' {
- r2. c4 | d8 c d e fis2 | g2 d |
+fluteNotes = \relative {
+ r2. c''4 | d8 c d e fis2 | g2 d |
}
oboeNotes = \relative c'' {
context.}
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-oboeNotes = \relative c'' {
- r2 r8 d16(\f f e g f a)
+oboeNotes = \relative {
+ r2 r8 d''16(\f f e g f a)
g8 g16 g g2.
}
\addQuote "oboe" { \oboeNotes }
restored manually at the end of the cue notes.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-fluteNotes = \relative c'' {
- r2. c4 d8 c d e fis2 g2 d2
+fluteNotes = \relative {
+ r2. c''4 d8 c d e fis2 g2 d2
}
bassoonNotes = \relative c {
print the original clef once the cue notes have finished.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-fluteNotes = \relative c'' {
- r2. c4 d8 c d e fis2 g2 d2
+fluteNotes = \relative {
+ r2. c''4 d8 c d e fis2 g2 d2
}
bassoonNotes = \relative c {
taking cues from an instrument in a completely different register.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-piccoloNotes = \relative c''' {
+piccoloNotes = \relative {
\clef "treble^8"
R1
- c8 c c e g2
+ c'''8 c c e g2
c4 g g2
}
tagged for selective inclusion in the score; see @ref{Using tags}.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-fluteNotes = \relative c'' {
- r2. c4 d8 c d e fis2 g2 d2
+fluteNotes = \relative {
+ r2. c''4 d8 c d e fis2 g2 d2
}
bassoonNotes = \relative c {
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