Guide, node Updating translation committishes..
@end ignore
-@c \version "2.14.0"
+@c \version "2.19.21"
@node Staff notation
@section Staff notation
-@lilypondfile[quote]{staff-headword.ly}
+@c The line width is a bit of a hack to allow space for the
+@c instrument names.
+@lilypondfile[quote,ragged-right,line-width=14.5\cm,staffsize=16]{staff-headword.ly}
This section explains how to influence the appearance of staves,
how to print scores with more than one staff, and how to add tempo
@cindex tablature
@funindex \drummode
-@funindex drummode
@funindex DrumStaff
@funindex RhythmicStaff
@funindex TabStaff
@notation{Staves} (singular: @notation{staff}) are created with
the @code{\new} or @code{\context} commands. For details, see
-@ref{Creating contexts}.
+@ref{Creating and referencing contexts}.
The basic staff context is @code{Staff}:
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\new Staff { c4 d e f }
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\new Staff \relative { c''4 d e f }
@end lilypond
The @code{DrumStaff} context creates a five-line staff set up for
displays the rhythmic values of the input. Real durations are
preserved. For details, see @ref{Showing melody rhythms}.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
\new RhythmicStaff { c4 d e f }
@end lilypond
@code{TabStaff} creates a tablature with six strings in standard
guitar tuning. For details, see @ref{Default tablatures}.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\new TabStaff { c4 d e f }
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\new TabStaff \relative { c''4 d e f }
@end lilypond
There are two staff contexts specific for the notation of ancient
The @code{GregorianTranscriptionStaff} context creates a staff to
notate modern Gregorian chant. It does not show bar lines.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\new GregorianTranscriptionStaff { c4 d e f e d }
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\new GregorianTranscriptionStaff \relative { c''4 d e f e d }
@end lilypond
New single staff contexts may be defined. For details, see
@ref{Defining new contexts}.
-
@seealso
Music Glossary:
@rglos{staff},
@rglos{staves}.
Notation Reference:
-@ref{Creating contexts},
+@ref{Creating and referencing contexts},
@ref{Percussion staves},
@ref{Showing melody rhythms},
@ref{Default tablatures},
the group is started with a vertical line, and the bar lines are
not connected.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
<<
- \new Staff { c1 c }
- \new Staff { c1 c }
+ \new Staff \relative { c''1 c }
+ \new Staff \relative { c''1 c }
>>
@end lilypond
In the @code{StaffGroup} context, the group is started with a
bracket and bar lines are drawn through all the staves.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
\new StaffGroup <<
- \new Staff { c1 c }
- \new Staff { c1 c }
+ \new Staff \relative { c''1 c }
+ \new Staff \relative { c''1 c }
>>
@end lilypond
In a @code{ChoirStaff}, the group starts with a bracket, but bar
lines are not connected.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
\new ChoirStaff <<
- \new Staff { c1 c }
- \new Staff { c1 c }
+ \new Staff \relative { c''1 c }
+ \new Staff \relative { c''1 c }
>>
@end lilypond
In a @code{GrandStaff}, the group begins with a brace, and bar
lines are connected between the staves.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
\new GrandStaff <<
- \new Staff { c1 c }
- \new Staff { c1 c }
+ \new Staff \relative { c''1 c }
+ \new Staff \relative { c''1 c }
>>
@end lilypond
that it supports printing the instrument name directly. For
details, see @ref{Instrument names}.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\new PianoStaff <<
- \set PianoStaff.instrumentName = #"Piano"
- \new Staff { c1 c }
- \new Staff { c1 c }
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\new PianoStaff \with { instrumentName = #"Piano" }
+<<
+ \new Staff \relative { c''1 c }
+ \new Staff \relative { \clef bass c1 c }
>>
@end lilypond
@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
{mensurstriche-layout-bar-lines-between-the-staves.ly}
-
@seealso
Music Glossary:
@rglos{brace},
@rinternals{SystemStartBracket},
@rinternals{SystemStartSquare}.
-@knownissues
-@code{PianoStaff} does not, by default, accept @code{ChordNames}.
-
@node Nested staff groups
@unnumberedsubsubsec Nested staff groups
case, each child context creates a new bracket adjacent to the
bracket of its parent group.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
\new StaffGroup <<
- \new Staff { c2 c | c2 c }
+ \new Staff \relative { c''2 c | c2 c }
\new StaffGroup <<
- \new Staff { g2 g | g2 g }
+ \new Staff \relative { g'2 g | g2 g }
\new StaffGroup \with {
systemStartDelimiter = #'SystemStartSquare
}
<<
- \new Staff { e2 e | e2 e }
- \new Staff { c2 c | c2 c }
+ \new Staff \relative { e'2 e | e2 e }
+ \new Staff \relative { c'2 c | c2 c }
>>
>>
>>
@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
{nesting-staves.ly}
-
@seealso
Notation Reference:
@ref{Grouping staves},
@rinternals{SystemStartBracket},
@rinternals{SystemStartSquare}.
+
@node Separating systems
@unnumberedsubsubsec Separating systems
\score {
\new StaffGroup <<
\new Staff {
- \relative c'' {
- c4 c c c
+ \relative {
+ c''4 c c c
\break
c4 c c c
}
}
\new Staff {
- \relative c'' {
- c4 c c c
+ \relative {
+ c''4 c c c
\break
c4 c c c
}
@node Staff symbol
@unnumberedsubsubsec Staff symbol
-@cindex adjusting staff symbol
-@cindex drawing staff symbol
-@cindex staff symbol, setting of
-@cindex staff symbol, drawing
-@cindex stop staff lines
-@cindex start staff lines
-@cindex staff lines, amount of
-@cindex staff lines, number of
-@cindex staff line, thickness of
-@cindex amount of staff lines
-@cindex thickness of staff lines
-@cindex ledger lines, setting
-@cindex setting of ledger lines
-@cindex spacing of ledger lines
-@cindex number of staff lines
-
-The lines of a staff belong to the @code{StaffSymbol} grob.
-@code{StaffSymbol} properties can be modified to change the
-appearance of a staff, but they must be modified before the staff
-is created.
-
-The number of staff lines may be changed. The clef position and
-the position of middle C may need to be modified to fit the new
-staff. For an explanation, refer to the snippet section in
-@ref{Clef}.
+@cindex staff symbol
+@cindex staff lines, stopping and starting
+@cindex staff lines, modifying
+@cindex ledger lines
+@cindex ledger lines, internal
+@cindex ledger lines, modifying
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\new Staff \with {
- \override StaffSymbol #'line-count = #3
+@funindex \startStaff
+@funindex \stopStaff
+
+The @code{\stopStaff} and @code{\startStaff} commands can be used to
+stop or (re)start the staff lines respectively, from being printed at
+any point witin a score.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+ \stopStaff f''4 d \startStaff g, e
+ f'4 d \stopStaff g, e
+ f'4 d \startStaff g, e
}
-{ d4 d d d }
@end lilypond
-Staff line thickness can be modified. The thickness of ledger
-lines and stems are also affected, since they depend on staff line
-thickness.
+@predefined
+@code{\startStaff},
+@code{\stopStaff}.
+@endpredefined
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
-\new Staff \with {
- \override StaffSymbol #'thickness = #3
+The lines of a staff belong to the @code{StaffSymbol} grob (including
+ledger lines) and can be modified using @code{StaffSymbol} properties, but
+these modifications must be made before the staff is (re)started.
+
+The number of staff lines can be altered:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+ f''4 d \stopStaff
+ \override Staff.StaffSymbol.line-count = #2
+ \startStaff g, e |
+
+ f'4 d \stopStaff
+ \revert Staff.StaffSymbol.line-count
+ \startStaff g, e |
}
-{ e4 d c b }
@end lilypond
-Ledger line thickness can be set independently of staff line
-thickness. In the example the two numbers are factors multiplying
-the staff line thickness and the staff line spacing. The two
-contributions are added to give the ledger line thickness.
+The position of each staff line can also be altered. A list of
+numbers sets each line's position. @code{0}@tie{}corresponds to the normal
+center line, and the normal line positions are
+@code{(-4@tie{}-2@tie{}0@tie{}2@tie{}4)}. A single staff line is
+printed for every value entered so that the number of staff lines, as
+well as their position, can be changed with a single override.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+ f''4 d \stopStaff
+ \override Staff.StaffSymbol.line-positions = #'(1 3 5 -1 -3)
+ \startStaff g, e |
+ f'4 d \stopStaff
+ \override Staff.StaffSymbol.line-positions = #'(8 6.5 -6 -8 -0.5)
+ \startStaff g, e |
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+To preserve typical stem directions (in the bottom half of the staff
+stems point up, in the top half they point down), align the center
+line (or space) of the customized staff with the position of the
+normal center line (0). The clef position and the position of
+middle@tie{}C may need to be adjusted accordingly to fit the new
+lines. See @ref{Clef}.
+
+Staff line thickness can be altered. Ledger lines and note stems, by
+default, are also affected.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
\new Staff \with {
- \override StaffSymbol #'ledger-line-thickness = #'(1 . 0.2)
+ \override StaffSymbol.thickness = #3
+} \relative {
+ f''4 d g, e
}
-{ e4 d c b }
@end lilypond
-The distance between staff lines can be changed. This setting
-affects the spacing of ledger lines as well.
+It is also possible to set ledger line thickness independently of staff
+lines.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
\new Staff \with {
- \override StaffSymbol #'staff-space = #1.5
+ \override StaffSymbol.thickness = #2
+ \override StaffSymbol.ledger-line-thickness = #'(0.5 . 0.4)
+} \relative {
+ f'''4 a, a,, f
}
-{ a4 b c d }
@end lilypond
-Further details about the properties of @code{StaffSymbol} can be
-found in @rinternals{staff-symbol-interface}.
+@noindent
+The first value is multiplied by the staff line thickness, the second by
+the staff space and then the two values are added together to give the
+new thickness of the ledger line.
-@cindex stopping a staff
-@cindex starting a staff
-@cindex staff, starting
-@cindex staff, stopping
+The vertical positions of ledger lines can be altered,
-@funindex \startStaff
-@funindex startStaff
-@funindex \stopStaff
-@funindex stopStaff
-
-Modifications to staff properties in the middle of a score can be
-placed between @code{\stopStaff} and @code{\startStaff}:
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-c2 c
-\stopStaff
-\override Staff.StaffSymbol #'line-count = #2
-\startStaff
-b2 b
-\stopStaff
-\revert Staff.StaffSymbol #'line-count
-\startStaff
-a2 a
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\new Staff \with {
+ \override StaffSymbol.ledger-positions = #'(-3 -2 -1 2 5 6)
+} \relative {
+ f'''4 a, a,, f
+}
@end lilypond
-@noindent
-In general, @code{\startStaff} and @code{\stopStaff} can be used
-to stop or start a staff in the middle of a score.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-c4 b a2
-\stopStaff
-b4 c d2
-\startStaff
-e4 d c2
+Additional ledger lines can be made to appear above or below note heads
+depending on the current position relative to other note heads that
+also have their own ledger lines.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\new Staff \with {
+ \override StaffSymbol.ledger-extra = #4
+} \relative {
+ f'''4 a, d, f,
+}
@end lilypond
+Ledger lines can also be made to appear inside the staff where custom
+staff lines are required. The example shows the default position of
+ledger lines when the explicit @code{ledger-position} is and is not set.
+The @code{\stopStaff} is needed in the example to revert the
+@code{\override} for the whole @code{StaffSymbol}.
-@predefined
-@code{\startStaff},
-@code{\stopStaff}.
-@endpredefined
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative d' {
+ \override Staff.StaffSymbol.line-positions = #'(-8 0 2 4)
+ d4 e f g
+ \stopStaff
+ \startStaff
+ \override Staff.StaffSymbol.ledger-positions = #'(-8 -6 (-4 -2) 0)
+ d4 e f g
+}
+@end lilypond
+The distance between staff lines can be altered. This affects ledger
+line spacing as well.
-@snippets
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\new Staff \with {
+ \override StaffSymbol.staff-space = #1.5
+} \relative {
+ f'''4 d, g, e,
+}
+@end lilypond
+@snippets
@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
{making-some-staff-lines-thicker-than-the-others.ly}
-
@seealso
Music Glossary:
@rglos{line},
@cindex resizing of staves
@funindex \startStaff
-@funindex startStaff
@funindex \stopStaff
-@funindex stopStaff
@notation{Ossia} staves can be set by creating a new simultaneous
staff in the appropriate location:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\new Staff \relative c'' {
- c4 b d c
+\new Staff \relative {
+ c''4 b d c
<<
{ c4 b d c }
\new Staff { e4 d f e }
only a few ossia staves are needed.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\new Staff = main \relative c'' {
- c4 b d c
+\new Staff = "main" \relative {
+ c''4 b d c
<<
{ c4 b d c }
\new Staff \with {
\remove "Time_signature_engraver"
alignAboveContext = #"main"
- fontSize = #-3
- \override StaffSymbol #'staff-space = #(magstep -3)
- \override StaffSymbol #'thickness = #(magstep -3)
+ \magnifyStaff #2/3
firstClef = ##f
}
{ e4 d f e }
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
<<
- \new Staff = ossia \with {
+ \new Staff = "ossia" \with {
\remove "Time_signature_engraver"
- \override Clef #'transparent = ##t
- fontSize = #-3
- \override StaffSymbol #'staff-space = #(magstep -3)
- \override StaffSymbol #'thickness = #(magstep -3)
+ \hide Clef
+ \magnifyStaff #2/3
}
{ \stopStaff s1*6 }
- \new Staff \relative c' {
- c4 b c2
+ \new Staff \relative {
+ c'4 b c2
<<
{ e4 f e2 }
- \context Staff = ossia {
+ \context Staff = "ossia" {
\startStaff e4 g8 f e2 \stopStaff
}
>>
c4 b c2
<<
{ g4 a g2 }
- \context Staff = ossia {
+ \context Staff = "ossia" {
\startStaff g4 e8 f g2 \stopStaff
}
>>
@end lilypond
-Using the @code{\Staff \RemoveEmptyStaves} command to create ossia
+Using the @code{\RemoveAllEmptyStaves} command to create ossia
staves may be used as an alternative. This method is most
convenient when ossia staves occur immediately following a line
break. For more information about
-@code{\Staff \RemoveEmptyStaves}, see @ref{Hiding staves}.
+@code{\RemoveAllEmptyStaves}, see @ref{Hiding staves}.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
<<
- \new Staff = ossia \with {
+ \new Staff = "ossia" \with {
\remove "Time_signature_engraver"
- \override Clef #'transparent = ##t
- fontSize = #-3
- \override StaffSymbol #'staff-space = #(magstep -3)
- \override StaffSymbol #'thickness = #(magstep -3)
- } \relative c'' {
+ \hide Clef
+ \magnifyStaff #2/3
+ \RemoveAllEmptyStaves
+ } \relative {
R1*3
- c4 e8 d c2
+ c''4 e8 d c2
}
- \new Staff \relative c' {
- c4 b c2
+ \new Staff \relative {
+ c'4 b c2
e4 f e2
g4 a g2 \break
c4 b c2
e4 d c2
}
>>
-
-\layout {
- \context {
- \Staff \RemoveEmptyStaves
- \override VerticalAxisGroup #'remove-first = ##t
- }
-}
@end lilypond
@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
{vertically-aligning-ossias-and-lyrics.ly}
-
@seealso
Music Glossary:
@rglos{ossia},
@cindex Frenched staff
@cindex staff, hiding
@cindex staff, empty
-@cindex hiding of staves
+@cindex hiding staves
+@cindex hiding ancient staves
+@cindex hiding rhythmic staves
+@cindex hiding vaticana staves
@cindex empty staves
@funindex \RemoveEmptyStaves
+@funindex \RemoveAllEmptyStaves
@funindex Staff_symbol_engraver
@funindex \stopStaff
-@funindex stopStaff
Staff lines can be hidden by removing the
\new Staff \with {
\remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
}
-\relative c''' { a8 f e16 d c b a2 }
+\relative { a''8 f e16 d c b a2 }
@end lilypond
-Empty staves can be hidden by setting the
-@code{\Staff \RemoveEmptyStaves} command in the @code{\layout}
-block. In orchestral scores, this style is known as @q{Frenched
-Score}. By default, this command hides and removes all empty
-staves in a score except for those in the first system.
+Empty staves can be hidden (for a so-called @q{Frenched Score})
+by applying the @code{\RemoveEmptyStaves} command on a context, which
+can be done globally (in a @code{\layout} block) as well as for
+specific staves only (in a @code{\with} block). This command removes
+all empty staves in a score except for those in the first system. If
+you want those in the first system to be hidden also, use
+@code{\RemoveAllEmptyStaves}. Supported contexts are @code{Staff},
+@code{RhythmicStaff} and @code{VaticanaStaff}.
@warning{A staff is considered empty when it contains only
multi-measure rests, rests, skips, spacer rests, or a combination of these
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
\layout {
\context {
- \Staff \RemoveEmptyStaves
+ \Staff
+ \RemoveEmptyStaves
}
}
-\relative c' <<
+\relative <<
\new Staff {
- e4 f g a \break
+ e'4 f g a \break
b1 \break
a4 b c2
}
@cindex ossia
@noindent
-@code{\Staff \RemoveEmptyStaves} can also be used to create ossia
+@code{\RemoveAllEmptyStaves} can also be used to create ossia
sections for a staff. For details, see @ref{Ossia staves}.
-@cindex hiding ancient staves
-@cindex hiding rhythmic staves
-
-@funindex \RemoveEmptyStaves
-
-The @code{\VaticanaStaff \RemoveEmptyStaves} command may be used to
-hide empty staves in ancient music contexts. Similarly,
-@code{\RhythmicStaff \RemoveEmptyStaves} may be used to hide empty
-@code{RhythmicStaff} contexts.
-
@predefined
-@code{\Staff \RemoveEmptyStaves},
-@code{\VaticanaStaff \RemoveEmptyStaves},
-@code{\RhythmicStaff \RemoveEmptyStaves}.
+@code{\RemoveEmptyStaves},
+@code{\RemoveAllEmptyStaves}.
@endpredefined
-
-@snippets
-
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
-{removing-the-first-empty-line.ly}
-
-
@seealso
Music Glossary:
@rglos{Frenched staff}.
@rinternals{VerticalAxisGroup},
@rinternals{Staff_symbol_engraver}.
-
@knownissues
-
Removing @code{Staff_symbol_engraver} also hides bar lines. If
bar line visibility is forced, formatting errors may occur. In
this case, use the following overrides instead of removing the
engraver:
@example
-\override StaffSymbol #'stencil = ##f
-\override NoteHead #'no-ledgers = ##t
+\omit StaffSymbol
+\override NoteHead.no-ledgers = ##t
@end example
For the Known issues and warnings associated with
@code{\Staff \RemoveEmptyStaves} see
@ref{Changing context default settings}.
+
@node Writing parts
@subsection Writing parts
@code{instrumentName} is used for the first staff, and the value
of @code{shortInstrumentName} is used for all succeeding staves.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,relative=1]
-\set Staff.instrumentName = #"Violin "
-\set Staff.shortInstrumentName = #"Vln "
-c4.. g'16 c4.. g'16
-\break
-c1
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
+\new Staff \with {
+ instrumentName = #"Violin "
+ shortInstrumentName = #"Vln. "
+} \relative {
+ c'4.. g'16 c4.. g'16 \break | c1 |
+}
@end lilypond
-Markup mode can be used to create more complicated instrument
-names:
+@cindex instrument names, complex
+
+@code{\markup} can be used to create more complex instrument names:
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\set Staff.instrumentName = \markup {
- \column { "Clarinetti"
- \line { "in B" \smaller \flat } } }
-c4 c,16 d e f g2
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\new Staff \with {
+ instrumentName = \markup {
+ \column { "Clarinetti"
+ \line { "in B" \smaller \flat }
+ }
+ }
+} \relative {
+ c''4 c,16 d e f g2
+}
@end lilypond
@cindex instrument names, centering
-When two or more staff contexts are grouped together, the
-instrument names and short instrument names are centered by
-default. To center multi-line instrument names,
-@code{\center-column} must be used:
+When two or more staff contexts are grouped together, the instrument
+names and short instrument names are centered by default. To center
+multi-line instrument names, @code{\center-column} must be used:
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,indent=1.5\cm,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,indent=1.5\cm]
<<
- \new Staff {
- \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Flute"
- f2 g4 f
- }
- \new Staff {
- \set Staff.instrumentName = \markup \center-column {
- Clarinet
- \line { "in B" \smaller \flat }
+ \new Staff \with {
+ instrumentName = #"Flute"
+ } \relative {
+ f''2 g4 f
+}
+ \new Staff \with {
+ instrumentName = \markup {
+ \center-column { "Clarinet"
+ \line { "in B" \smaller \flat }
+ }
}
- c4 b c2
- }
+ } \relative { c''4 b c2 }
>>
@end lilypond
@funindex indent
@funindex short-indent
-However, if the instrument names are longer, the instrument names
-in a staff group may not be centered unless the @code{indent} and
-@code{short-indent} settings are increased. For details about
-these settings, see @ref{\paper variables for shifts and indents}.
+However, if the instrument names are longer, the instrument names in a
+staff group may not be centered unless the @code{indent} and
+@code{short-indent} settings are increased. For details about these
+settings, see @ref{paper variables for shifts and indents,,@code{@bs{}paper} variables for shifts and indents}.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
-\layout {
- indent = 3.0\cm
- short-indent = 1.5\cm
-}
-
-\relative c'' <<
- \new Staff {
- \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Alto Flute in G"
- \set Staff.shortInstrumentName = #"Fl."
- f2 g4 f \break
+<<
+ \new Staff \with {
+ instrumentName = #"Alto Flute in G"
+ shortInstrumentName = #"Flt."
+ } \relative {
+ f''2 g4 f \break
g4 f g2
}
- \new Staff {
- \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Clarinet"
- \set Staff.shortInstrumentName = #"Clar."
- c,4 b c2 \break
+ \new Staff \with {
+ instrumentName = #"Clarinet"
+ shortInstrumentName = #"Clar."
+ } \relative {
+ c''4 b c2 \break
c2 b4 c
}
>>
+
+\layout {
+ indent = 3.0\cm
+ short-indent = 1.5\cm
+}
@end lilypond
@cindex instrument names, adding to other contexts
-To add instrument names to other contexts (such as
-@code{ChordNames} or @code{FiguredBass}),
-@code{Instrument_name_engraver} must be added to that context.
-For details, see @ref{Modifying context plug-ins}.
+To add instrument names to other contexts (such as @code{ChordNames} or
+@code{FiguredBass}), @code{Instrument_name_engraver} must be added to
+that context. For details, see @ref{Modifying context plug-ins}.
@cindex instrument names, changing
@cindex changing instrument names
-Instrument names may be changed in the middle of a piece.
-However, remember that @code{instrumentName} will not be
-displayed in the middle of the piece, as it only appears
-on the first staff:
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,relative=1]
-\set Staff.instrumentName = #"First"
-\set Staff.shortInstrumentName = #"one"
-c1 c c c \break
-c1 c c c \break
-\set Staff.instrumentName = #"Second"
-\set Staff.shortInstrumentName = #"two"
-c1 c c c \break
-c1 c c c \break
-@end lilypond
+The @code{shortInstrumentName} may be changed in the middle of a piece,
+along with other settings as needed for the new instrument.
+However, only the first instance of @code{instrumentName} will be
+printed and subsequent changes will be ignored:
-@cindex instrument switch
-@cindex switching instruments
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
+prepPiccolo = <>^\markup \italic { muta in Piccolo }
-@funindex \addInstrumentDefinition
-@funindex addInstrumentDefinition
-@funindex \instrumentSwitch
-@funindex instrumentSwitch
+prepFlute = <>^\markup \italic { muta in Flauto }
-If an instrument @emph{switch} is needed,
-@code{\addInstrumentDefinition} may be used in combination with
-@code{\instrumentSwitch} to create a detailed list of the
-necessary changes for the switch. The
-@code{\addInstrumentDefinition} command has two arguments: an
-identifying string, and an association list of context properties
-and values to be used for the instrument. It must be placed in
-the toplevel scope. @code{\instrumentSwitch} is used in the music
-expression to declare the instrument switch:
+setPiccolo = {
+ <>^\markup \bold { Piccolo }
+ \transposition c''
+}
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
-\addInstrumentDefinition #"contrabassoon"
- #`((instrumentTransposition . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 0 0))
- (shortInstrumentName . "Cbsn.")
- (clefGlyph . "clefs.F")
- (middleCPosition . 6)
- (clefPosition . 2)
- (instrumentCueName . ,(make-bold-markup "cbsn."))
- (midiInstrument . "bassoon"))
+setFlute = {
+ <>^\markup \bold { Flute }
+ \transposition c'
+}
\new Staff \with {
- instrumentName = #"Bassoon"
+ instrumentName = #"Flute"
+ shortInstrumentName = #"Flt."
}
-\relative c' {
- \clef tenor
- \compressFullBarRests
- c2 g'
- R1*16
- \instrumentSwitch "contrabassoon"
- c,,2 g \break
- c,1 ~ | c1
+\relative {
+ g'1 g g g \break
+ g1 g \prepPiccolo R R \break
+ \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Piccolo"
+ \set Staff.shortInstrumentName = #"Picc."
+ \setPiccolo
+ g1 g g g \break
+ g1 g \prepFlute R R \break
+ \set Staff.instrumentName = #"Flute"
+ \set Staff.shortInstrumentName = #"Flt."
+ \setFlute
+ g1 g g g
}
@end lilypond
@seealso
Notation Reference:
-@ref{\paper variables for shifts and indents},
+@ref{paper variables for shifts and indents,,@code{@bs{}paper} variables for shifts and indents},
@ref{Modifying context plug-ins}.
Snippets:
@cindex cue notes
@funindex \addQuote
-@funindex addQuote
@funindex \quoteDuring
-@funindex quoteDuring
@funindex \transposition
-@funindex transposition
It is very common for one voice to use the same notes as those from
another voice. For example, first and second violins playing the same
for the duration of the quote.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-fluteNotes = \relative c'' {
- a4 gis g gis | b4^"quoted" r8 ais\p a4( f)
+fluteNotes = \relative {
+ a'4 gis g gis | b4^"quoted" r8 ais\p a4( f)
}
-oboeNotes = \relative c'' {
- c4 cis c b \quoteDuring #"flute" { s1 }
+oboeNotes = \relative {
+ c''4 cis c b \quoteDuring #"flute" { s1 }
}
\addQuote "flute" { \fluteNotes }
polyphony and may produce unexpected results.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-fluteNotes = \relative c'' {
- a4 gis g gis | b4^"quoted" r8 ais\p a4( f)
+fluteNotes = \relative {
+ a'4 gis g gis | b4^"quoted" r8 ais\p a4( f)
}
-oboeNotes = \relative c'' {
- c4 cis c b \quoteDuring #"flute" { e4 r8 ais b4 a }
+oboeNotes = \relative {
+ c''4 cis c b \quoteDuring #"flute" { e4 r8 ais b4 a }
}
\addQuote "flute" { \fluteNotes }
}
@end lilypond
+If an @code{\unfoldRepeats} command in a music expression is required to
+be printed when using @code{\quoteDuring}, then it too must also contain
+its own @code{\unfoldRepeats} command;
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+fluteNotes = \relative {
+ \repeat volta 2 { a'4 gis g gis }
+}
+
+oboeNotesDW = \relative {
+ \repeat volta 2 \quoteDuring #"incorrect" { s1 }
+}
+
+oboeNotesW = \relative {
+ \repeat volta 2 \quoteDuring #"correct" { s1 }
+}
+
+
+\addQuote "incorrect" { \fluteNotes }
+
+\addQuote "correct" { \unfoldRepeats \fluteNotes }
+
+\score {
+ \unfoldRepeats
+ <<
+ \new Staff \with { instrumentName = "Flute" }
+ \fluteNotes
+ \new Staff \with { instrumentName = "Oboe (incorrect)" }
+ \oboeNotesDW
+ \new Staff \with { instrumentName = "Oboe (correct)" }
+ \oboeNotesW
+ >>
+}
+@end lilypond
+
The @code{\quoteDuring} command uses the @code{\transposition} settings
of both quoted and quoting parts to produce notes for the quoting part
that have the same sounding pitch as those in the quoted part.
b4 ais a ais | cis4^"quoted" r8 bis\p b4( f)
}
-oboeNotes = \relative c'' {
- c4 cis c b \quoteDuring #"clarinet" { s1 }
+oboeNotes = \relative {
+ c''4 cis c b \quoteDuring #"clarinet" { s1 }
}
\addQuote "clarinet" { \clarinetNotes }
@code{quotedEventTypes} context property.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-fluteNotes = \relative c'' {
- a2 g2 |
+fluteNotes = \relative {
+ a'2 g2 |
b4\<^"quoted" r8 ais a4\f( c->)
}
-oboeNotes = \relative c'' {
- c2. b4 |
+oboeNotes = \relative {
+ c''2. b4 |
\quoteDuring #"flute" { s1 }
}
@ref{Instrument transpositions},
@ref{Using tags}.
+Installed Files:
+@file{scm/define-event-classes.scm}.
+
Snippets:
@rlsr{Staff notation}.
@rinternals{QuoteMusic},
@rinternals{Voice}.
-Installed Files:
-@file{scm/define-event-classes.scm}.
-
-
@knownissues
Only the contents of the first @code{Voice} occurring in an
@code{\addQuote} command will be considered for quotation, so if the music
@funindex \cueDuring
-@funindex cueDuring
@funindex \cueClef
-@funindex cueClef
@funindex \cueDuringWithClef
-@funindex cueDuringWithClef
@funindex \quoteDuring
-@funindex quoteDuring
@cindex notes, smaller
@cindex smaller notes
The simplest way to format cue notes is to explicitly create a
@code{CueVoice} context within the part.
-@lilypond[verbatim,relative=1]
-R1
-<<
- { e2\rest r4. e8 }
- \new CueVoice {
- \stemUp d'8^"flute" c d e fis2
- }
->>
-d,4 r a r
+@lilypond[verbatim]
+\relative {
+ R1
+ <<
+ { e'2\rest r4. e8 }
+ \new CueVoice {
+ \stemUp d'8^"flute" c d e fis2
+ }
+ >>
+ d,4 r a r
+}
@end lilypond
The @code{\cueClef} command can also be used with an explict
command can then be used to switch back to the original clef, again with
an appropriately sized clef.
-@lilypond[verbatim,noragged-right,relative=1]
-\clef "bass"
-R1
-<<
- { e2\rest r4. \cueClefUnset e,8 }
- \new CueVoice {
- \cueClef "treble" \stemUp d''8^"flute" c d e fis2
- }
->>
-d,,4 r a r
+@lilypond[verbatim,noragged-right]
+\relative {
+ \clef "bass"
+ R1
+ <<
+ { e'2\rest r4. \cueClefUnset e,8 }
+ \new CueVoice {
+ \cueClef "treble" \stemUp d''8^"flute" c d e fis2
+ }
+ >>
+ d,,4 r a r
+}
@end lilypond
The @code{\cueClef} and @code{\cueClefUnset} command can also be used
without a @code{CueVoice} if required.
-@lilypond[verbatim,noragged-right,relative=1]
-\clef "bass"
-R1
-\cueClef "treble"
-d'8^"flute" c d e fis2
-\cueClefUnset
-d,,4 r a r
+@lilypond[verbatim,noragged-right]
+\relative {
+ \clef "bass"
+ R1
+ \cueClef "treble"
+ d''8^"flute" c d e fis2
+ \cueClefUnset
+ d,,4 r a r
+}
@end lilypond
For more complex cue note placement, e.g including transposition, or
the cue notes are printed in relation to the other voice.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-fluteNotes = \relative c'' {
- r2. c4 | d8 c d e fis2 | g2 d |
+fluteNotes = \relative {
+ r2. c''4 | d8 c d e fis2 | g2 d |
}
oboeNotes = \relative c'' {
R1
- s1*0^\markup { \tiny "flute" }
+ <>^\markup \tiny { flute }
\cueDuring #"flute" #UP { R1 }
g2 c,
}
property. Its default value is @code{'(note-event rest-event
tie-event beam-event tuplet-span-event)}, which means that only
notes, rests, ties, beams and tuplets are quoted, but not
-articulations, dynamic marks, markup etc.
+articulations, dynamic marks, markup, etc.
@warning{When a @code{Voice} starts with @code{\cueDuring}, as in the
following example, the @code{Voice} context must be explicitly declared,
context.}
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-oboeNotes = \relative c'' {
- r2 r8 d16(\f f e g f a)
+oboeNotes = \relative {
+ r2 r8 d''16(\f f e g f a)
g8 g16 g g2.
}
\addQuote "oboe" { \oboeNotes }
}
@end lilypond
-Markup can be used to show the name of the quoted instrument. Also,
-if the cue notes require a change in clef, this can be done manually but
-the original clef should also be restored manually at the end of the cue
-notes.
+Markup can be used to show the name of the quoted instrument.
+If the cue notes require a change in clef,
+this can be done manually but the original clef should also be
+restored manually at the end of the cue notes.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-fluteNotes = \relative c'' {
- r2. c4 d8 c d e fis2 g2 d2
+fluteNotes = \relative {
+ r2. c''4 d8 c d e fis2 g2 d2
}
bassoonNotes = \relative c {
\clef bass
R1
\clef treble
- s1*0^\markup { \tiny "flute" }
+ <>^\markup \tiny { flute }
\cueDuring #"flute" #UP { R1 }
\clef bass
g4. b8 d2
print the original clef once the cue notes have finished.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-fluteNotes = \relative c'' {
- r2. c4 d8 c d e fis2 g2 d2
+fluteNotes = \relative {
+ r2. c''4 d8 c d e fis2 g2 d2
}
bassoonNotes = \relative c {
\clef bass
R1
- s1*0^\markup { \tiny "flute" }
+ <>^\markup { \tiny "flute" }
\cueDuringWithClef #"flute" #UP #"treble" { R1 }
g4. b8 d2
}
@end lilypond
@funindex \transposedCueDuring
-@funindex transposedCueDuring
Like @code{\quoteDuring}, @code{\cueDuring} takes instrument
transpositions into account. Cue notes are produced at the
taking cues from an instrument in a completely different register.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-piccoloNotes = \relative c''' {
+piccoloNotes = \relative {
\clef "treble^8"
R1
- c8 c c e g2
+ c'''8 c c e g2
c4 g g2
}
@cindex cue notes, removing
@funindex \killCues
-@funindex killCues
-@funindex \addInstrumentDefinition
-@funindex addInstrumentDefinition
The @code{\killCues} command removes cue notes from a music
expression, so the same music expression can be used to produce
tagged for selective inclusion in the score; see @ref{Using tags}.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-fluteNotes = \relative c'' {
- r2. c4 d8 c d e fis2 g2 d2
+fluteNotes = \relative {
+ r2. c''4 d8 c d e fis2 g2 d2
}
bassoonNotes = \relative c {
R1
\tag #'part {
\clef treble
- s1*0^\markup { \tiny "flute" }
+ <>^\markup \tiny { flute }
}
\cueDuring #"flute" #UP { R1 }
\tag #'part \clef bass
collected into an instrument definition for repeated use, using
@code{\addInstrumentDefinition} described in @ref{Instrument names}.
-
@seealso
Notation Reference:
@ref{Quoting other voices},
@rinternals{CueVoice},
@rinternals{Voice}.
-
@knownissues
-
Collisions can occur with rests, when using @code{\cueDuring},
between @code{Voice} and @code{CueVoice} contexts. When using
@code{\cueDuringWithClef} or @code{\transposedCueDuring} the extra
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff