Guide, node Updating translation committishes..
@end ignore
-@c \version "2.17.11"
+@c \version "2.19.21"
@node Repeats
@section Repeats
A single repeat without an alternate ending:
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\repeat volta 2 { c4 d e f }
-c2 d
-\repeat volta 2 { d4 e f g }
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+ \repeat volta 2 { c''4 d e f }
+ c2 d
+ \repeat volta 2 { d4 e f g }
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+An @q{opening} repeat mark is not, by default, printed in the first full
+measure. However it is possible to add one by using @code{\bar ".|:"}
+before the first note.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,fragment,quote]
+\relative {
+ \repeat volta 2 { \bar ".|:" c''4 d e f }
+ c2 d
+ \repeat volta 2 { d4 e f g }
+}
@end lilypond
Alternative endings can be produced using @code{\alternative}. Each
A single repeat with one alternate ending:
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\repeat volta 2 { c4 d e f | }
-\alternative {
- { c2 e | }
- { f2 g | }
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+ \repeat volta 2 { c''4 d e f | }
+ \alternative {
+ { c2 e | }
+ { f2 g | }
+ }
+ c1
}
-c1
@end lilypond
-A single repeat with more than one alternate ending:
+Multiple repeats with one alternate ending:
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\repeat volta 4 { c4 d e f | }
-\alternative {
- { c2 e | }
- { f2 g | }
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+ \repeat volta 4 { c''4 d e f | }
+ \alternative {
+ { c2 e | }
+ { f2 g | }
+ }
+ c1
}
-c1
@end lilypond
Multiple repeats with more than one alternate ending:
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\repeat volta 3 { c4 d e f | }
-\alternative {
- { c2 e | }
- { f2 g | }
- { a2 g | }
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+ \repeat volta 3 { c''4 d e f | }
+ \alternative {
+ { c2 e | }
+ { f2 g | }
+ { a2 g | }
+ }
+ c1
}
-c1
@end lilypond
@warning{If there are two or more alternatives, nothing should appear
@cindex repeat with pickup
@cindex pickup in a repeat
@funindex \partial
+@cindex bar checks with repeats
+@cindex repeats with bar checks
-If a repeat starts in the middle of a measure and has no alternate
-endings, normally the end of the repeat will also fall in the
-middle of a measure, so that the two ends add up to one complete
-measure. In such cases, the repeat signs do not constitute true
-bar lines. Do not use @code{\partial} commands or bar checks
-where these repeat signs are printed:
+If a repeat that has no alternate endings starts in the middle of a
+measure, it will usually end at a corresponding place in the middle of a
+later measure (so that the two ends add up to one complete measure). In
+this case the repeat signs are not @q{true} bar lines so neither bar
+checks nor @code{\partial} commands should be placed there:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
-% no \partial here
-c4 e g % no bar check here
-% no \partial here
+c'4 e g
\repeat volta 4 {
e4 |
c2 e |
- % no \partial here
- g4 g g % no bar check here
+ g4 g g
}
-% no \partial here
-g4 |
-a2 a |
-g1 |
+ g4 |
+ a2 a |
+ g1 |
@end lilypond
-Similarly, if a repeat begins with the initial partial measure of
-a score and has no alternate endings, the same conditions apply as
-in the above example, except that in this case the @code{\partial}
-command is required at the beginning of the score:
+If a repeat that has no alternate endings starts with a partial measure,
+then the same principles apply, except that a @code{\partial} command is
+required at the start of the measure:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
-\partial 4 % required
+\partial 4
\repeat volta 4 {
- e4 |
+ e'4 |
c2 e |
- % no \partial here
- g4 g g % no bar check here
+ g4 g g
}
-% no \partial here
-g4 |
-a2 a |
-g1 |
+ g4 |
+ a2 a |
+ g1 |
@end lilypond
-When alternate endings are added to a repeat that begins with an
-incomplete measure, it becomes necessary to set the
-@code{Timing.measureLength} context property manually, in the
-following specific places:
-
-@itemize
-@item
-at the start of any incomplete measures in the @code{\alternative}
-block, which normally occur at the end of each alternative, except
-(in most cases) the last.
+@cindex repeats, with ties
+@cindex alternative endings, with ties
+@cindex ties, in repeats
+@cindex ties, alternative endings
+@funindex \repeatTie
-@item
-at the start of each alternative, except the first.
-@end itemize
+Ties may be added to a second ending:
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
-\partial 4
-\repeat volta 2 { e4 | c2 e | }
-\alternative {
- {
- f2 d |
- \set Timing.measureLength = #(ly:make-moment 3/4)
- g4 g g % optional bar check is allowed here
- }
- {
- \set Timing.measureLength = #(ly:make-moment 4/4)
- a2 a |
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+ c''1
+ \repeat volta 2 { c4 d e f~ }
+ \alternative {
+ { f2 d }
+ { f2\repeatTie f, }
}
}
-g1 |
@end lilypond
-The @code{measureLength} property is described in @ref{Time
-administration}.
-
@funindex \inStaffSegno
+@cindex repeats, with segno
+@cindex segno, with repeats
-The @code{\inStaffSegno} command can be used to place the segno
-symbol in cooperation with the @code{\repeat volta} command.
-Alternative bar line symbols can be set in a Score context by
-overriding the properties @code{segnoType},
-@code{startRepeatSegnoType}, @code{endRepeatSegnoType} or
-@code{doubleRepeatSegnoType} as required.
+The @code{\inStaffSegno} command can be used to generate a composite
+bar line incorporating the segno symbol with the appropriate repeat
+bar line when used with the @code{\repeat volta} command. The
+correct type of repeat bar line, viz. start repeat, end repeat or
+double repeat, is selected automatically. Note that the
+corresponding @qq{D.S.} mark must be added manually.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
-e1
-\repeat volta 2 {
+Away from a repeat:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+ e'1
\inStaffSegno
f2 g a b
+ c1_"D.S." \bar "|."
}
-c1_"D.S." \bar "|."
@end lilypond
-@cindex repeats, with ties
-@cindex alternative endings, with ties
-@cindex ties, in repeats
-@cindex ties, alternative endings
-@funindex \repeatTie
+At the start of a repeat:
-Ties may be added to a second ending:
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+ e'1
+ \repeat volta 2 {
+ \inStaffSegno % start repeat
+ f2 g a b
+ }
+ c1_"D.S." \bar "|."
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+At the end of a repeat:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+ e'1
+ \repeat volta 2 {
+ f2 g a b
+ \inStaffSegno % end repeat
+ }
+ f2 g a b
+ c1_"D.S." \bar "|."
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+Between two repeats:
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-c1
-\repeat volta 2 { c4 d e f~ }
-\alternative {
- { f2 d }
- { f2\repeatTie f, }
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+ e'1
+ \repeat volta 2 {
+ f2 g a b
+ }
+ \inStaffSegno % double repeat
+ \repeat volta 2 {
+ f2 g a b
+ }
+ c1_"D.S." \bar "|."
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+Alternative bar line symbols can be obtained by setting (in the Score
+context) the properties @code{segnoType}, @code{startRepeatSegnoType},
+@code{endRepeatSegnoType} or @code{doubleRepeatSegnoType} to the
+required bar line type. The alternative bar line types must be
+selected from the pre-defined types or types previously defined
+with the @code{\defineBarLine} command (see @ref{Bar lines}).
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\defineBarLine ":|.S[" #'(":|." "S[" "")
+\defineBarLine "]" #'("]" "" "")
+\relative {
+ e'1
+ \repeat volta 2 {
+ f2 g a b
+ \once \set Score.endRepeatSegnoType = ":|.S["
+ \inStaffSegno
+ }
+ f2 g \bar "]" a b
+ c1_"D.S." \bar "|."
}
@end lilypond
@ref{Modifying ties and slurs},
@ref{Time administration}.
+Installed Files:
+@file{ly/engraver-init.ly}.
+
Snippets:
@rlsr{Repeats}.
@item start-repeat
Print a @code{.|:} bar line.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-c1
-\set Score.repeatCommands = #'(start-repeat)
-d4 e f g
-c1
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+ c''1
+ \set Score.repeatCommands = #'(start-repeat)
+ d4 e f g
+ c1
+}
@end lilypond
As per standard engraving practice, repeat signs are not printed
@item end-repeat
Print a @code{:|.} bar line:
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-c1
-d4 e f g
-\set Score.repeatCommands = #'(end-repeat)
-c1
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+ c''1
+ d4 e f g
+ \set Score.repeatCommands = #'(end-repeat)
+ c1
+}
@end lilypond
@item (volta @var{number}) @dots{} (volta #f)
Create a new volta with the specified number. The volta bracket must
be explicitly terminated, or it will not be printed.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-f4 g a b
-\set Score.repeatCommands = #'((volta "2"))
-g4 a g a
-\set Score.repeatCommands = #'((volta #f))
-c1
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+ f''4 g a b
+ \set Score.repeatCommands = #'((volta "2"))
+ g4 a g a
+ \set Score.repeatCommands = #'((volta #f))
+ c1
+}
@end lilypond
@end table
Multiple repeat commands may occur at the same point:
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-f4 g a b
-\set Score.repeatCommands = #'((volta "2, 5") end-repeat)
-g4 a g a
-c1
-\set Score.repeatCommands = #'((volta #f) (volta "95") end-repeat)
-b1
-\set Score.repeatCommands = #'((volta #f))
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+ f''4 g a b
+ \set Score.repeatCommands = #'((volta "2, 5") end-repeat)
+ g4 a g a
+ c1
+ \set Score.repeatCommands = #'((volta #f) (volta "95") end-repeat)
+ b1
+ \set Score.repeatCommands = #'((volta #f))
+}
@end lilypond
@cindex volta bracket with text
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
voltaAdLib = \markup { 1. 2. 3... \text \italic { ad lib. } }
-\relative c'' {
- c1
+\relative {
+ c''1
\set Score.repeatCommands =
#(list(list 'volta voltaAdLib) 'start-repeat)
c4 b d e
}
@end lilypond
-
-@snippets
-
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle]
-{printing-a-repeat-sign-at-the-beginning-of-a-piece.ly}
-
@seealso
Notation Reference:
@ref{Bar lines},
@code{@var{repeatcount}} is the number of times
@code{@var{musicexpr}} is repeated.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\repeat unfold 2 { c4 d e f }
-c1
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+ \repeat unfold 2 { c''4 d e f }
+ c1
+}
@end lilypond
In some cases, especially in a @code{\relative} context, the
Unfold repeats can be made with alternate endings.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\repeat unfold 2 { c4 d e f }
-\alternative {
- { c2 g' }
- { c,2 b }
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+ \repeat unfold 2 { c''4 d e f }
+ \alternative {
+ { c2 g' }
+ { c,2 b }
+ }
+ c1
}
-c1
@end lilypond
If there are more repeats than there are alternate endings, the first
alternative is applied multiple times until the remaining alternatives
make up the total number of repeats.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\repeat unfold 4 { c4 d e f }
-\alternative {
- { c2 g' }
- { c,2 b }
- { e2 d }
- }
-c1
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+ \repeat unfold 4 { c''4 d e f }
+ \alternative {
+ { c2 g' }
+ { c,2 b }
+ { e2 d }
+ }
+ c1
+}
@end lilypond
If there are more alternate endings than repeats then only the first
alternatives are applied. The remaining alternatives will be ignored
and not printed.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\repeat unfold 2 { c4 d e f }
-\alternative {
- { c2 g' }
- { c,2 b }
- { e2 d }
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+ \repeat unfold 2 { c''4 d e f }
+ \alternative {
+ { c2 g' }
+ { c,2 b }
+ { e2 d }
+ }
+ c1
}
-c1
@end lilypond
It is also possible to nest multiple @code{unfold} functions (with or
without alternate endings).
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\repeat unfold 2 {
- \repeat unfold 2 { c4 d e f }
- \alternative {
- { c2 g' }
- { c,2 b }
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+ \repeat unfold 2 {
+ \repeat unfold 2 { c''4 d e f }
+ \alternative {
+ { c2 g' }
+ { c,2 b }
+ }
}
+ c1
}
-c1
@end lilypond
Chord constructs can be repeated by the chord repetition symbol
Patterns that are shorter than one measure are replaced by slashes.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\repeat percent 4 { c128 d e f }
-\repeat percent 4 { c64 d e f }
-\repeat percent 5 { c32 d e f }
-\repeat percent 4 { c16 d e f }
-\repeat percent 4 { c8 d }
-\repeat percent 4 { c4 }
-\repeat percent 2 { c2 }
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative c'' {
+ \repeat percent 4 { c128 d e f }
+ \repeat percent 4 { c64 d e f }
+ \repeat percent 5 { c32 d e f }
+ \repeat percent 4 { c16 d e f }
+ \repeat percent 4 { c8 d }
+ \repeat percent 4 { c4 }
+ \repeat percent 2 { c2 }
+}
@end lilypond
Patterns of one or two measures are replaced by percent-like symbols.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\repeat percent 2 { c4 d e f }
-\repeat percent 2 { c2 d }
-\repeat percent 2 { c1 }
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative c'' {
+ \repeat percent 2 { c4 d e f }
+ \repeat percent 2 { c2 d }
+ \repeat percent 2 { c1 }
+}
@end lilypond
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\repeat percent 3 { c4 d e f | c2 g' }
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+ \repeat percent 3 { c''4 d e f | c2 g' }
+}
@end lilypond
Patterns that are shorter than one measure but contain mixed durations
use a double-percent symbol.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\repeat percent 4 { c8. <d f>16 }
-\repeat percent 2 { \tuplet 3/2 { r8 c d } e4 }
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\relative {
+ \repeat percent 4 { c''8. <d f>16 }
+ \repeat percent 2 { \tuplet 3/2 { r8 c d } e4 }
+}
@end lilypond
@snippets
@rinternals{Double_percent_repeat_engraver},
@rinternals{Slash_repeat_engraver}.
+@knownissues
+Percent repeats will not contain anything else apart from the percent
+sign itself; in particular, timing changes will not be repeated.
+
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
+\repeat percent 3 { \time 5/4 c2. 2 \time 4/4 2 2 }
+@end lilypond
+
+@noindent
+Any meter changes or @code{\partial} commands need to occur in parallel
+passages @emph{outside} of any percent repeat, e.g in a separate
+timing track.
+
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
+<<
+ \repeat percent 3 { c2. 2 2 2 }
+ \repeat unfold 3 { \time 5/4 s4*5 \time 4/4 s1 }
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
@node Tremolo repeats
@unnumberedsubsubsec Tremolo repeats
To place tremolo marks between notes, use @code{\repeat} with
tremolo style:
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
-\repeat tremolo 8 { c16 d }
-\repeat tremolo 6 { c16 d }
-\repeat tremolo 2 { c16 d }
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
+\relative c'' {
+ \repeat tremolo 8 { c16 d }
+ \repeat tremolo 6 { c16 d }
+ \repeat tremolo 2 { c16 d }
+}
@end lilypond
The @code{\repeat tremolo} syntax expects exactly two notes within
@end lilypond
@cindex tremolo marks
-@funindex tremoloFlags
@funindex :
The same output can be obtained by adding @code{:@var{N}} after
the note, where @code{@var{N}} indicates the duration of the
subdivision (it must be at least 8). If @code{@var{N}} is 8, one
beam is added to the note's stem. If @code{@var{N}} is omitted,
-the last value (stored in @code{tremoloFlags}) is used:
+the last value is used:
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
-c2:8 c:32
-c: c:
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
+\relative {
+ c''2:8 c:32
+ c: c:
+}
@end lilypond
@snippets
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff