]> git.donarmstrong.com Git - lilypond.git/blobdiff - lily/parser.yy
Merge remote branch 'origin/master' into release/unstable
[lilypond.git] / lily / parser.yy
index d6a7beac926c46f61f0d037a52c3663bf3ff3071..ab09f537b2a8693f413c4121d9dcb82e13916d12 100644 (file)
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ deleting them.  Let's hope that a stack overflow doesn't trigger a move
 of the parse stack onto the heap. */
 
 %left PREC_BOT
-%nonassoc REPEAT
+%nonassoc REPEAT REPEAT_IDENTIFIER
 %nonassoc ALTERNATIVE
 
 /* The above precedences tackle the shift/reduce problem
@@ -80,40 +80,24 @@ or
 %nonassoc COMPOSITE
 %left ADDLYRICS
 
- /* ADDLYRICS needs to have lower precedence than argument scanning,
-  * or we won't be able to tell music apart from closed_music without
-  * lookahead in the context of function calls.
-  */
+%right ':' UNSIGNED REAL E_UNSIGNED EVENT_IDENTIFIER EVENT_FUNCTION '^' '_'
+       HYPHEN EXTENDER DURATION_IDENTIFIER
 
-%nonassoc DEFAULT
-
- /* \default is only applied after exhausting function arguments */
-
-%nonassoc FUNCTION_ARGLIST
-
- /* expressions with units are permitted into argument lists */
-
-%right PITCH_IDENTIFIER NOTENAME_PITCH TONICNAME_PITCH
-      UNSIGNED REAL DURATION_IDENTIFIER ':'
-
- /* The above are the symbols that can start optional function arguments
-    that are recognized in the grammar rather than by predicate
+ /* The above are needed for collecting tremoli and other items (that
+    could otherwise be interpreted as belonging to the next function
+    argument) greedily, and together with the next rule will serve to
+    join numbers and units greedily instead of allowing them into
+    separate function arguments
  */
 
-%nonassoc NUMBER_IDENTIFIER '/'
-
- /* Number-unit expressions, where permitted, are concatenated into
-  * function arguments, just like fractions and tremoli.  Tremoli must
-  * not have higher precedence than UNSIGNED, or Lilypond will not
-  * join ':' with a following optional number.
-  */
+%nonassoc NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
 
 %left PREC_TOP
 
 
 
 
-%pure_parser
+%pure-parser
 %locations
 
 
@@ -157,7 +141,7 @@ using namespace std;
 #include "warn.hh"
 
 void
-Lily_parser::parser_error (Input const *i, Lily_parser *parser, SCM *, string s)
+Lily_parser::parser_error (Input const *i, Lily_parser *parser, SCM *, const string &s)
 {
        parser->parser_error (*i, s);
 }
@@ -194,7 +178,9 @@ while (0)
 
 %{
 
-#define MY_MAKE_MUSIC(x, spot)  make_music_with_input (ly_symbol2scm (x), spot)
+#define MY_MAKE_MUSIC(x, spot) \
+       make_music_with_input (ly_symbol2scm (x), \
+                              parser->lexer_->override_input (spot))
 
 /* ES TODO:
 - Don't use lily module, create a new module instead.
@@ -203,12 +189,12 @@ while (0)
 #define LOWLEVEL_MAKE_SYNTAX(proc, args)       \
   scm_apply_0 (proc, args)
 /* Syntactic Sugar. */
-#define MAKE_SYNTAX(name, location, ...)       \
-  LOWLEVEL_MAKE_SYNTAX (ly_lily_module_constant (name), scm_list_n (parser->self_scm (), make_input (location) , ##__VA_ARGS__, SCM_UNDEFINED))
+#define MAKE_SYNTAX(name, location, ...)                               \
+       LOWLEVEL_MAKE_SYNTAX (ly_lily_module_constant (name), scm_list_n (parser->self_scm (), make_input (parser->lexer_->override_input (location)), ##__VA_ARGS__, SCM_UNDEFINED))
 #define START_MAKE_SYNTAX(name, ...)                                   \
        scm_list_n (ly_lily_module_constant (name) , ##__VA_ARGS__, SCM_UNDEFINED)
 #define FINISH_MAKE_SYNTAX(start, location, ...)                       \
-       LOWLEVEL_MAKE_SYNTAX (scm_car (start), scm_cons2 (parser->self_scm (), make_input (location), scm_append_x (scm_list_2 (scm_cdr (start), scm_list_n (__VA_ARGS__, SCM_UNDEFINED)))))
+       LOWLEVEL_MAKE_SYNTAX (scm_car (start), scm_cons2 (parser->self_scm (), make_input (parser->lexer_->override_input (location)), scm_append_x (scm_list_2 (scm_cdr (start), scm_list_n (__VA_ARGS__, SCM_UNDEFINED)))))
 
 SCM get_next_unique_context_id ();
 SCM get_next_unique_lyrics_context_id ();
@@ -230,7 +216,7 @@ SCM loc_on_music (Input loc, SCM arg);
 SCM make_chord_elements (Input loc, SCM pitch, SCM dur, SCM modification_list);
 SCM make_chord_step (SCM step, Rational alter);
 SCM make_simple_markup (SCM a);
-bool is_duration (int t);
+SCM make_duration (SCM t, int dots = 0);
 bool is_regular_identifier (SCM id, bool multiple=false);
 SCM try_string_variants (SCM pred, SCM str);
 int yylex (YYSTYPE *s, YYLTYPE *loc, Lily_parser *parser);
@@ -307,16 +293,8 @@ int yylex (YYSTYPE *s, YYLTYPE *loc, Lily_parser *parser);
 %token DOUBLE_ANGLE_OPEN "<<"
 %token DOUBLE_ANGLE_CLOSE ">>"
 %token E_BACKSLASH "\\"
-%token E_ANGLE_CLOSE "\\>"
-%token E_CHAR "\\C[haracter]"
-%token E_CLOSE "\\)"
 %token E_EXCLAMATION "\\!"
-%token E_BRACKET_OPEN "\\["
-%token E_OPEN "\\("
-%token E_BRACKET_CLOSE "\\]"
-%token E_ANGLE_OPEN "\\<"
 %token E_PLUS "\\+"
-%token E_TILDE "\\~"
 %token EXTENDER "__"
 
 /*
@@ -327,7 +305,6 @@ If we give names, Bison complains.
 %token FIGURE_SPACE "_"
 %token HYPHEN "--"
 
-%token CHORDMODIFIERS
 %token MULTI_MEASURE_REST
 
 
@@ -336,8 +313,6 @@ If we give names, Bison complains.
 
 /* Artificial tokens, for more generic function syntax */
 %token EXPECT_MARKUP "markup?"
-%token EXPECT_PITCH "ly:pitch?"
-%token EXPECT_DURATION "ly:duration?"
 %token EXPECT_SCM "scheme?"
 %token BACKUP "(backed-up?)"
 %token REPARSE "(reparsed?)"
@@ -350,7 +325,7 @@ If we give names, Bison complains.
 %token EMBEDDED_LILY "#{"
 
 %token BOOK_IDENTIFIER
-%token CHORDMODIFIER_PITCH
+%token CHORD_BODY_IDENTIFIER
 %token CHORD_MODIFIER
 %token CHORD_REPETITION
 %token CONTEXT_DEF_IDENTIFIER
@@ -372,6 +347,7 @@ If we give names, Bison complains.
 %token NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
 %token OUTPUT_DEF_IDENTIFIER
 %token REAL
+%token REPEAT_IDENTIFIER
 %token RESTNAME
 %token SCM_ARG
 %token SCM_FUNCTION
@@ -513,10 +489,19 @@ embedded_scm:
        | scm_function_call
        ;
 
+/* embedded_scm_arg is _not_ casting pitches to music by default, this
+ * has to be done by the function itself.  Note that this may cause
+ * the results of scm_function_call or embedded_scm_bare_arg to be
+ * turned into music from pitches as well.  Note that this creates a
+ * distinctly awkward situation for calculated drum pitches.  Those
+ * are at the current point of time rejected as music constituents as
+ * they can't be distinguished from "proper" symbols.
+ */
+
 embedded_scm_arg:
        embedded_scm_bare_arg
        | scm_function_call
-       | music_arg
+       | music_assign
        ;
 
 scm_function_call:
@@ -529,6 +514,10 @@ scm_function_call:
 embedded_lilypond:
        /* empty */
        {
+               // FIXME: @$ does not contain a useful source location
+               // for empty rules, and the only token in the whole
+               // production, EMBEDDED_LILY, is synthetic and also
+               // contains no source location.
                $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("void-music", @$);
        }
        | identifier_init
@@ -594,7 +583,28 @@ identifier_init:
        | output_def
        | context_def_spec_block
        | music_assign
-       | post_event_nofinger
+       | post_event_nofinger post_events
+       {
+               $$ = scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL);
+               if (Music *m = unsmob_music ($1))
+               {
+                       if (m->is_mus_type ("post-event-wrapper"))
+                               $$ = scm_append
+                                       (scm_list_2 (m->get_property ("elements"),
+                                                    $$));
+                       else
+                               $$ = scm_cons ($1, $$);
+               }
+               if (scm_is_pair ($$)
+                   && scm_is_null (scm_cdr ($$)))
+                       $$ = scm_car ($$);
+               else
+               {
+                       Music * m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("PostEvents", @$);
+                       m->set_property ("elements", $$);
+                       $$ = m->unprotect ();
+               }
+       }
        | number_expression
        | FRACTION
        | string
@@ -607,12 +617,22 @@ context_def_spec_block:
        CONTEXT '{' context_def_spec_body '}'
                {
                $$ = $3;
+               unsmob_context_def ($$)->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
        }
        ;
 
 context_mod_arg:
        embedded_scm
-       | composite_music
+       |
+       {
+               SCM nn = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
+               parser->lexer_->push_note_state (nn);
+       }
+       composite_music
+       {
+               parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               $$ = $2;
+       }
        ;
 
 context_mod_embedded:
@@ -626,6 +646,7 @@ context_mod_embedded:
                        $$ = $1;
                else {
                        parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("not a context mod"));
+                       $$ = Context_mod ().smobbed_copy ();
                }
        }
        ;
@@ -634,11 +655,9 @@ context_mod_embedded:
 context_def_spec_body:
        /**/ {
                $$ = Context_def::make_scm ();
-               unsmob_context_def ($$)->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
        }
        | CONTEXT_DEF_IDENTIFIER {
                $$ = $1;
-               unsmob_context_def ($$)->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
        }
        | context_def_spec_body context_mod {
                if (!SCM_UNBNDP ($2))
@@ -665,6 +684,7 @@ context_def_spec_body:
 book_block:
        BOOK '{' book_body '}'  {
                $$ = $3;
+               unsmob_book ($$)->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
                pop_paper (parser);
                parser->lexer_->set_identifier (ly_symbol2scm ("$current-book"), SCM_BOOL_F);
        }
@@ -677,7 +697,6 @@ book_body:
        {
                Book *book = new Book;
                init_papers (parser);
-               book->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
                book->paper_ = dynamic_cast<Output_def*> (unsmob_output_def (parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("$defaultpaper"))->clone ());
                book->paper_->unprotect ();
                push_paper (parser, book->paper_);
@@ -686,7 +705,6 @@ book_body:
                parser->lexer_->set_identifier (ly_symbol2scm ("$current-book"), $$);
        }
        | BOOK_IDENTIFIER {
-               unsmob_book ($1)->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
                parser->lexer_->set_identifier (ly_symbol2scm ("$current-book"), $1);
        }
        | book_body paper_block {
@@ -746,6 +764,7 @@ book_body:
 bookpart_block:
        BOOKPART '{' bookpart_body '}' {
                $$ = $3;
+               unsmob_book ($$)->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
                parser->lexer_->set_identifier (ly_symbol2scm ("$current-bookpart"), SCM_BOOL_F);
        }
        ;
@@ -753,12 +772,10 @@ bookpart_block:
 bookpart_body:
        {
                Book *book = new Book;
-               book->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
                 $$ = book->unprotect ();
                parser->lexer_->set_identifier (ly_symbol2scm ("$current-bookpart"), $$);
        }
        | BOOK_IDENTIFIER {
-               unsmob_book ($1)->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
                parser->lexer_->set_identifier (ly_symbol2scm ("$current-bookpart"), $1);
        }
        | bookpart_body paper_block {
@@ -921,16 +938,7 @@ output_def_head_with_mode_switch:
 
 music_or_context_def:
        music_arg
-       {
-               parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
-       }
-       | CONTEXT
-       {
-               parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
-       } '{' context_def_spec_body '}'
-       {
-               $$ = $4;
-       }
+       | context_def_spec_block
        ;
 
 output_def_body:
@@ -957,6 +965,7 @@ output_def_body:
                parser->lexer_->push_note_state (nn);
        } music_or_context_def
        {
+               parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
                if (unsmob_context_def ($3))
                        assign_context_def (unsmob_output_def ($1), $3);
                else {
@@ -976,12 +985,12 @@ tempo_event:
        TEMPO steno_duration '=' tempo_range    {
                $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("tempo", @$, SCM_EOL, $2, $4);
        }
-       | TEMPO scalar_closed steno_duration '=' tempo_range    {
+       | TEMPO scalar steno_duration '=' tempo_range   {
                $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("tempo", @$, $2, $3, $5);
        }
        | TEMPO scalar {
                $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("tempo", @$, $2);
-       }
+       } %prec ':'
        ;
 
 /*
@@ -1017,15 +1026,40 @@ music:  music_arg
 
 music_embedded:
        music
-       | embedded_scm
        {
-               if (unsmob_music ($1)
-                   || scm_is_eq ($1, SCM_UNSPECIFIED))
+               if (unsmob_music ($1)->is_mus_type ("post-event")) {
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("unexpected post-event"));
+                       $$ = SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
+               }
+       }
+       | music_embedded_backup
+       {
+               $$ = $1;
+       }
+       | music_embedded_backup BACKUP lyric_element_music
+       {
+               $$ = $3;
+       }
+       ;
+
+music_embedded_backup:
+       embedded_scm
+       {
+               if (scm_is_eq ($1, SCM_UNSPECIFIED))
                        $$ = $1;
-               else
-               {
+               else if (Music *m = unsmob_music ($1)) {
+                       if (m->is_mus_type ("post-event")) {
+                               parser->parser_error
+                                       (@1, _ ("unexpected post-event"));
+                               $$ = SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
+                       } else
+                               $$ = $1;
+               } else if (parser->lexer_->is_lyric_state ()
+                          && Text_interface::is_markup ($1))
+                       MYBACKUP (LYRIC_ELEMENT, $1, @1);
+               else {
                        @$.warning (_ ("Ignoring non-music expression"));
-                       $$ = SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
+                       $$ = $1;
                }
        }
        ;
@@ -1035,7 +1069,10 @@ music_arg:
        {
                $$ = make_music_from_simple (parser, @1, $1);
                 if (!unsmob_music ($$))
+               {
                         parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("music expected"));
+                       $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("void-music", @$);
+               }
        }
        | composite_music %prec COMPOSITE
        ;
@@ -1050,10 +1087,20 @@ repeated_music:
        {
                $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("repeat", @$, $2, $3, $4, SCM_EOL);
        }
+       | REPEAT_IDENTIFIER music
+       {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("repeat", @$, scm_car ($1), scm_cdr ($1),
+                                 $2, SCM_EOL);
+       }
        | REPEAT simple_string unsigned_number music ALTERNATIVE braced_music_list
        {
                $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("repeat", @$, $2, $3, $4, $6);
        }
+       | REPEAT_IDENTIFIER music ALTERNATIVE braced_music_list
+       {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("repeat", @$, scm_car ($1), scm_cdr ($1),
+                                 $2, $4);
+       }
        ;
 
 sequential_music:
@@ -1081,7 +1128,11 @@ simple_music:
        ;
 
 context_modification:
-        WITH { parser->lexer_->push_initial_state (); } '{' context_mod_list '}'
+        WITH
+       {
+               SCM nn = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
+               parser->lexer_->push_note_state (nn);
+       } '{' context_mod_list '}'
         {
                 parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
                 $$ = $4;
@@ -1094,8 +1145,12 @@ context_modification:
         {
                 $$ = $1;
         }
-       | WITH embedded_scm_closed
+       | WITH context_modification_arg
        {
+               if (unsmob_music ($2)) {
+                       SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("context-mod-music-handler");
+                       $2 = scm_call_2 (proc, parser->self_scm (), $2);
+               }
                if (unsmob_context_mod ($2))
                        $$ = $2;
                else {
@@ -1105,6 +1160,11 @@ context_modification:
        }
         ;
 
+context_modification_arg:
+       embedded_scm_closed
+       | MUSIC_IDENTIFIER
+       ;
+
 optional_context_mod:
         /**/ {
             $$ = SCM_EOL;
@@ -1160,71 +1220,76 @@ grouped_music_list:
        | sequential_music              { $$ = $1; }
        ;
 
-/* An argument list. If a function \foo expects scm scm pitch, then the lexer expands \foo into the token sequence:
- MUSIC_FUNCTION EXPECT_PITCH EXPECT_SCM EXPECT_SCM EXPECT_NO_MORE_ARGS
-and this rule returns the reversed list of arguments. */
-
-/* Function argument lists come in a number of flavors.  Whenever
- * LilyPond has to pick between different flavors, the decision is
- * either made because of tokens it has already seen, or it is
- * postponed until tokens suitable for making the decision come up.
- * For postponing decisions, it may be necessary that the competing
- * rules are written in a way making them compatible until a decision
- * can be made.  Sometimes this is done by putting common traits into
- * a separate "common" rule set.
+/* Function argument lists are arguably the most complex part in the
+ * parser.  They are pretty tricky to understand because of the way
+ * they are processed, and because of optional arguments that can be
+ * omitted.  When there are several optional arguments in a row,
+ * omitting one automatically omits all following arguments.  Optional
+ * arguments can only be omitted when either
+ *
+ * a) the omission is explicitly started with \default
+ * b) the omission is implicitly started by an argument not matching
+ *    its predicate, and there is a mandatory argument later that can
+ *    "catch" the argument that does not fit.
+ *
+ * When argument parsing starts, the lexer pushes EXPECT_SCM tokens
+ * (corresponding to mandatory arguments and having a predicate
+ * function as semantic value) or EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM (where
+ * the semantic value of the EXPECT_OPTIONAL token is the default to
+ * use when the optional argument is omitted, and EXPECT_SCM again has
+ * the argument predicate as semantic value) in reverse order to the
+ * parser, followed by EXPECT_NO_MORE_ARGS.  The argument list is then
+ * processed inside-out while actual tokens are consumed.
+ *
+ * This means that the argument list tokens determine the actions
+ * taken as they arrive.  The structure of the argument list is known
+ * to the parser and stored in its parse stack when the first argument
+ * is being parsed.  What the parser does not know is which predicates
+ * will match and whether or not \default will be appearing in the
+ * argument list, and where.
+ *
+ * Many of the basic nonterminals used for argument list scanning come
+ * in a "normal" and a "closed" flavor.  A closed expression is one
+ * that can be parsed without a lookahead token.  That makes it
+ * feasible for an optional argument that may need to be skipped:
+ * skipping can only be accomplished by pushing back the token into
+ * the lexer, and that only works when there is no lookahead token.
  *
- * function_arglist: a full argument list.  Optional arguments at the
- * end of the list can only be skipped by writing \default in their
- * place.
+ * Sequences of 0 or more optional arguments are scanned using either
+ * function_arglist_backup or function_arglist_nonbackup.  The first
+ * is used when optional arguments are followed by at least one
+ * mandatory argument: in that case optional arguments may be skipped
+ * by either a false predicate (in which case the expression will be
+ * pushed back as one or more tokens, preceded by a BACKUP token) or
+ * by using \default.
  *
- * function_arglist_backup: an argument list ending in an optional
- * argument that may be skipped depending on its predicate.
+ * If optional arguments are at the end of the argument list, they are
+ * instead scanned using function_arglist_nonbackup: here the only
+ * manner to enter into skipping of optional arguments is the use of
+ * \default.
  *
- * function_arglist_skip: an argument list _not_ ending in an optional
- * argument that is actually taken.
+ * The argument list of a normal function call is parsed using
+ * function_arglist.  The part of an argument list before a mandatory
+ * argument is parsed using function_arglist_optional.
  *
- * function_arglist_nonbackup: an argument list ending in an optional
- * argument that may not be skipped because it is in end position and
- * has not been shortcircuited with \default.
+ * The difference is that leading optional arguments are scanned using
+ * function_arglist_nonbackup and function_arglist_backup,
+ * respectively.
+ *
+ * Most other details are obvious in the rules themselves.
  *
- * function_arglist* / function_arglist_closed*: The closed variants
- * don't end in simple music expressions that might still accept
- * things like a duration or a postevent.
  */
 
-function_arglist_skip:
-       function_arglist_common
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_PITCH function_arglist_skip
-       {
-               $$ = scm_cons ($1, $3);
-       } %prec FUNCTION_ARGLIST
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_DURATION function_arglist_skip
-       {
-               $$ = scm_cons ($1, $3);
-       } %prec FUNCTION_ARGLIST
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_skip
-       {
-               $$ = scm_cons ($1, $3);
-       } %prec FUNCTION_ARGLIST
-       ;
-
-
 function_arglist_nonbackup_common:
-       EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_PITCH function_arglist pitch_also_in_chords {
-               $$ = scm_cons ($4, $3);
-       }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_DURATION function_arglist_closed duration_length {
-               $$ = scm_cons ($4, $3);
-       }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist FRACTION
+       EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup FRACTION
        {
                $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4, $4, $3, $2);
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed post_event_nofinger
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup post_event_nofinger
        {
                $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4, $4, $3, $2);
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed '-' UNSIGNED
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup '-' UNSIGNED
        {
                SCM n = scm_difference ($5, SCM_UNDEFINED);
                if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, n)))
@@ -1237,13 +1302,13 @@ function_arglist_nonbackup_common:
                }
                
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed '-' REAL
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup '-' REAL
        {
                $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4,
                                       scm_difference ($5, SCM_UNDEFINED),
                                       $3, $2);
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed '-' NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup '-' NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
        {
                $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4,
                                       scm_difference ($5, SCM_UNDEFINED),
@@ -1253,27 +1318,28 @@ function_arglist_nonbackup_common:
 
 function_arglist_closed_nonbackup:
        function_arglist_nonbackup_common
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist embedded_scm_arg_closed
+       | function_arglist_closed_common
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup embedded_scm_arg_closed
        {
                $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4, $4, $3, $2);
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed bare_number_closed
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup bare_number_closed
        {
                $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4, $4, $3, $2);
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist SCM_IDENTIFIER
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup SCM_IDENTIFIER
        {
                $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4,
                                       try_string_variants ($2, $4),
                                       $3, $2, $4);
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist STRING
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup STRING
        {
                $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4,
                                       try_string_variants ($2, $4),
                                       $3, $2, $4);
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist full_markup
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup full_markup
        {
                $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4, $4, $3, $2);
        }
@@ -1319,14 +1385,29 @@ symbol_list_element:
 
 function_arglist_nonbackup:
        function_arglist_nonbackup_common
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist embedded_scm_arg
+       | function_arglist_common
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup embedded_scm_arg
        {
-               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4, $4, $3, $2);
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
+                       $$ = scm_cons ($4, $3);
+               else
+                       $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4,
+                                              make_music_from_simple
+                                              (parser, @4, $4),
+                                              $3, $2);
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed bare_number
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup bare_number_common
        {
                $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4, $4, $3, $2);
        }
+       | function_arglist_nonbackup_reparse REPARSE duration_length
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3, $3, $1, $2);
+       }
+       | function_arglist_nonbackup_reparse REPARSE bare_number_common
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3, $3, $1, $2);
+       }
        | function_arglist_nonbackup_reparse REPARSE SCM_ARG
        {
                $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3, $3, $1, $2);
@@ -1342,7 +1423,7 @@ function_arglist_nonbackup:
        ;
 
 function_arglist_nonbackup_reparse:
-       EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist SCM_IDENTIFIER
+       EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup SCM_IDENTIFIER
        {
                $$ = $3;
                SCM res = try_string_variants ($2, $4);
@@ -1359,7 +1440,7 @@ function_arglist_nonbackup_reparse:
                else
                        MYREPARSE (@4, $2, SCM_ARG, $4);
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist STRING
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup STRING
        {
                $$ = $3;
                SCM res = try_string_variants ($2, $4);
@@ -1376,7 +1457,7 @@ function_arglist_nonbackup_reparse:
                else
                        MYREPARSE (@4, $2, SCM_ARG, $4);
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist full_markup
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup full_markup
        {
                $$ = $3;
                if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
@@ -1389,20 +1470,33 @@ function_arglist_nonbackup_reparse:
                else
                        MYREPARSE (@4, $2, SCM_ARG, $4);
        }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup UNSIGNED
+       {
+               $$ = $3;
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, REAL, $4);
+               else {
+                       SCM d = make_duration ($4);
+                       if (SCM_UNBNDP (d) || scm_is_false (scm_call_1 ($2, d)))
+                               MYREPARSE (@4, $2, REAL, $4); // trigger error
+                       else
+                               MYREPARSE (@4, $2, DURATION_IDENTIFIER, d);
+               }
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup DURATION_IDENTIFIER {
+               $$ = $3;
+               MYREPARSE (@4, $2, DURATION_IDENTIFIER, $4);
+       }
        ;
 
-function_arglist_keep:
-       function_arglist_common
-       | function_arglist_backup
-       ;
 
-function_arglist_closed_keep:
-       function_arglist_closed_common
-       | function_arglist_backup
+function_arglist_backup:
+       function_arglist_backup_common
+       | function_arglist_common
        ;
 
-function_arglist_backup:
-       EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_keep embedded_scm_arg_closed
+function_arglist_backup_common:
+       EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup embedded_scm_arg_closed
        {
                if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
                {
@@ -1412,7 +1506,32 @@ function_arglist_backup:
                        MYBACKUP (SCM_ARG, $4, @4);
                }
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_keep post_event_nofinger
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup REPEAT simple_string unsigned_number
+       {
+               $4 = MAKE_SYNTAX ("repeat", @4, $5, $6,
+                                 MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("Music", @4)->unprotect (),
+                                 SCM_EOL);
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
+               {
+                       $$ = $3;
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, REPEAT_IDENTIFIER, scm_cons ($5, $6));
+               } else {
+                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@3, $1), $3);
+                       MYBACKUP (REPEAT_IDENTIFIER, scm_cons ($5, $6), @4);
+               }
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup chord_body
+       {
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
+               {
+                       $$ = $3;
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, CHORD_BODY_IDENTIFIER, $4);
+               } else {
+                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@3, $1), $3);
+                       MYBACKUP (CHORD_BODY_IDENTIFIER, $4, @4);
+               }
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup post_event_nofinger
        {
                if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
                {
@@ -1422,7 +1541,7 @@ function_arglist_backup:
                        MYBACKUP (EVENT_IDENTIFIER, $4, @4);
                }
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_keep full_markup
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup full_markup
        {
                if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
                        $$ = scm_cons ($4, $3);
@@ -1431,18 +1550,25 @@ function_arglist_backup:
                        MYBACKUP (LYRIC_ELEMENT, $4, @4);
                }
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_keep UNSIGNED
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup UNSIGNED
        {
                if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
                {
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, REAL, $4);
                        $$ = $3;
-                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, UNSIGNED, $4);
                } else {
-                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@3, $1), $3);
-                       MYBACKUP (UNSIGNED, $4, @4);
+                       SCM d = make_duration ($4);
+                       if (SCM_UNBNDP (d) || scm_is_false (scm_call_1 ($2, d)))
+                       {
+                               $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@3, $1), $3);
+                               MYBACKUP (UNSIGNED, $4, @4);
+                       } else {
+                               MYREPARSE (@4, $2, DURATION_IDENTIFIER, d);
+                               $$ = $3;
+                       }
                }
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_keep REAL
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup REAL
        {
                if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
                {
@@ -1453,7 +1579,7 @@ function_arglist_backup:
                        MYBACKUP (REAL, $4, @4);
                }
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_keep NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
        {
                if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
                {
@@ -1463,7 +1589,7 @@ function_arglist_backup:
                        MYBACKUP (NUMBER_IDENTIFIER, $4, @4);
                }
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_keep FRACTION
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup FRACTION
        {
                if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
                {
@@ -1473,7 +1599,7 @@ function_arglist_backup:
                        MYBACKUP (FRACTION, $4, @4);
                }
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_keep '-' UNSIGNED
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup '-' UNSIGNED
        {
                SCM n = scm_difference ($5, SCM_UNDEFINED);
                if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, n))) {
@@ -1493,7 +1619,7 @@ function_arglist_backup:
                }
                
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_keep '-' REAL
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup '-' REAL
        {
                SCM n = scm_difference ($5, SCM_UNDEFINED);
                if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, n))) {
@@ -1504,7 +1630,7 @@ function_arglist_backup:
                        MYBACKUP (REAL, n, @5);
                }
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_keep '-' NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup '-' NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
        {
                SCM n = scm_difference ($5, SCM_UNDEFINED);
                if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, n))) {
@@ -1514,15 +1640,50 @@ function_arglist_backup:
                        MYBACKUP (NUMBER_IDENTIFIER, n, @5);
                }
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_PITCH function_arglist_keep pitch_also_in_chords
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup PITCH_IDENTIFIER
        {
-               $$ = scm_cons ($4, $3);
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
+               {
+                       $$ = scm_cons ($4, $3);
+               } else {
+                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@3, $1), $3);
+                       MYBACKUP (PITCH_IDENTIFIER, $4, @4);
+               }
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_DURATION function_arglist_closed_keep duration_length
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup NOTENAME_PITCH
        {
-               $$ = scm_cons ($4, $3);
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
+               {
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, NOTENAME_PITCH, $4);
+                       $$ = $3;
+               } else {
+                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@3, $1), $3);
+                       MYBACKUP (NOTENAME_PITCH, $4, @4);
+               }
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_keep SCM_IDENTIFIER
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup TONICNAME_PITCH
+       {
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
+               {
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, TONICNAME_PITCH, $4);
+                       $$ = $3;
+               } else {
+                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@3, $1), $3);
+                       MYBACKUP (TONICNAME_PITCH, $4, @4);
+               }
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup DURATION_IDENTIFIER
+       {
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
+               {
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, DURATION_IDENTIFIER, $4);
+                       $$ = $3;
+               } else {
+                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@3, $1), $3);
+                       MYBACKUP (DURATION_IDENTIFIER, $4, @4);
+               }
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup SCM_IDENTIFIER
        {
                SCM res = try_string_variants ($2, $4);
                if (!SCM_UNBNDP (res))
@@ -1537,7 +1698,7 @@ function_arglist_backup:
                        MYBACKUP (SCM_IDENTIFIER, $4, @4);
                }
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_keep STRING
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup STRING
        {
                SCM res = try_string_variants ($2, $4);
                if (!SCM_UNBNDP (res))
@@ -1552,12 +1713,22 @@ function_arglist_backup:
                        MYBACKUP (STRING, $4, @4);
                }
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup BACKUP
+       | function_arglist_backup REPARSE music_assign
        {
-               $$ = scm_cons ($1, $3);
-               MYBACKUP(0, SCM_UNDEFINED, @3);
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $3)))
+                       $$ = scm_cons ($3, $1);
+               else
+                       $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
+                                              make_music_from_simple
+                                              (parser, @3, $3),
+                                              $1, $2);
+       }
+       | function_arglist_backup REPARSE bare_number_common
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
+                                      $3, $1, $2);
        }
-       | function_arglist_backup REPARSE bare_number
+       | function_arglist_backup REPARSE duration_length
        {
                $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
                                       $3, $1, $2);
@@ -1569,18 +1740,36 @@ function_arglist_backup:
        ;
 
 function_arglist:
-       function_arglist_common
-       | function_arglist_nonbackup
+       function_arglist_nonbackup
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_skip_nonbackup DEFAULT
+       {
+               $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@4, $1), $3);
+       }
+       ;
+
+function_arglist_skip_nonbackup:
+       function_arglist_nonbackup
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_skip_nonbackup
+       {
+               $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@3, $1), $3);
+       }
        ;
 
 function_arglist_common:
-       function_arglist_bare
+       EXPECT_NO_MORE_ARGS {
+               $$ = SCM_EOL;
+       }
        | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional embedded_scm_arg
        {
-               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
-                                      $3, $2, $1);
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($1, $3)))
+                       $$ = scm_cons ($3, $2);
+               else
+                       $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
+                                              make_music_from_simple
+                                              (parser, @3, $3),
+                                              $2, $1);
        }
-       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_optional bare_number
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional bare_number_common
        {
                $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
                                       $3, $2, $1);
@@ -1590,12 +1779,12 @@ function_arglist_common:
                $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
                                       $3, $2, $1);
        }
-       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_optional post_event_nofinger
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional post_event_nofinger
        {
                $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
                                       $3, $2, $1);
        }
-       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_optional '-' NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional '-' NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
        {
                SCM n = scm_difference ($4, SCM_UNDEFINED);
                $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4, n, $2, $1);
@@ -1610,7 +1799,12 @@ function_arglist_common:
                $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
                                       $3, $1, $2);
        }
-       | function_arglist_common_reparse REPARSE bare_number
+       | function_arglist_common_reparse REPARSE bare_number_common
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
+                                      $3, $1, $2);
+       }
+       | function_arglist_common_reparse REPARSE duration_length
        {
                $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
                                       $3, $1, $2);
@@ -1672,7 +1866,25 @@ function_arglist_common_reparse:
                        // know the predicate to be false.
                        MYREPARSE (@3, $1, SCM_ARG, $3);
        }
-       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_optional '-' UNSIGNED
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional UNSIGNED
+       {
+               $$ = $2;
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($1, $3)))
+                       MYREPARSE (@3, $1, REAL, $3);
+               else {
+                       SCM d = make_duration ($3);
+                       if (SCM_UNBNDP (d) || scm_is_false (scm_call_1 ($1, d)))
+                               MYREPARSE (@3, $1, REAL, $3);
+                       else
+                               MYREPARSE (@3, $1, DURATION_IDENTIFIER, d);
+               }
+       }
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional DURATION_IDENTIFIER
+       {
+               $$ = $2;
+               MYREPARSE (@3, $1, DURATION_IDENTIFIER, $3);
+       }
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional '-' UNSIGNED
        {
                $$ = $2;
                SCM n = scm_difference ($4, SCM_UNDEFINED);
@@ -1689,7 +1901,7 @@ function_arglist_common_reparse:
                }
                
        }
-       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_optional '-' REAL
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional '-' REAL
        {
                $$ = $2;
                SCM n = scm_difference ($4, SCM_UNDEFINED);
@@ -1698,29 +1910,34 @@ function_arglist_common_reparse:
        ;
 
 function_arglist_closed:
-       function_arglist_closed_common
-       | function_arglist_closed_nonbackup
+       function_arglist_closed_nonbackup
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_skip_nonbackup DEFAULT
+       {
+               $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@4, $1), $3);
+       }
        ;
 
 function_arglist_closed_common:
-       function_arglist_bare
+       EXPECT_NO_MORE_ARGS {
+               $$ = SCM_EOL;
+       }
        | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional embedded_scm_arg_closed
        {
                $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
                                       $3, $2, $1);
        }
-       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_optional bare_number
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional bare_number_common_closed
        {
                $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
                                       $3, $2, $1);
        }
-       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_optional '-' NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional '-' NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
        {
                $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
                                       scm_difference ($4, SCM_UNDEFINED),
                                       $2, $1);
        }
-       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_optional post_event_nofinger
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional post_event_nofinger
        {
                $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
                                       $3, $2, $1);
@@ -1735,7 +1952,7 @@ function_arglist_closed_common:
                $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
                                       $3, $1, $2);
        }
-       | function_arglist_common_reparse REPARSE bare_number
+       | function_arglist_common_reparse REPARSE bare_number_common_closed
        {
                $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
                                       $3, $1, $2);
@@ -1747,28 +1964,19 @@ function_arglist_closed_common:
        ;
 
 function_arglist_optional:
-       function_arglist_keep %prec FUNCTION_ARGLIST
-       | function_arglist_backup BACKUP
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_PITCH function_arglist_optional
+       function_arglist_backup
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_skip_backup DEFAULT
        {
-               $$ = scm_cons ($1, $3);
-       }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_DURATION function_arglist_optional
-       {
-               $$ = scm_cons ($1, $3);
+               $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@4, $1), $3);
        }
+       | function_arglist_skip_backup BACKUP
        ;
 
-function_arglist_closed_optional:
-       function_arglist_closed_keep %prec FUNCTION_ARGLIST
-       | function_arglist_backup BACKUP
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_PITCH function_arglist_closed_optional
+function_arglist_skip_backup:
+       function_arglist_backup
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_skip_backup
        {
-               $$ = scm_cons ($1, $3);
-       }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_DURATION function_arglist_closed_optional
-       {
-               $$ = scm_cons ($1, $3);
+               $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@3, $1), $3);
        }
        ;
 
@@ -1787,27 +1995,6 @@ scm_function_call_closed:
        SCM_FUNCTION function_arglist_closed {
                $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("music-function", @$,
                                         $1, $2);
-       } %prec FUNCTION_ARGLIST
-       ;
-
-function_arglist_bare:
-       EXPECT_NO_MORE_ARGS {
-               $$ = SCM_EOL;
-       }
-       | EXPECT_PITCH function_arglist_optional pitch_also_in_chords {
-               $$ = scm_cons ($3, $2);
-       }
-       | EXPECT_DURATION function_arglist_closed_optional duration_length {
-               $$ = scm_cons ($3, $2);
-       }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_PITCH function_arglist_skip DEFAULT {
-               $$ = scm_cons ($1, $3);
-       }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_DURATION function_arglist_skip DEFAULT {
-               $$ = scm_cons ($1, $3);
-       }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_skip DEFAULT {
-               $$ = scm_cons ($1, $3);
        }
        ;
 
@@ -1837,14 +2024,14 @@ complex_music:
        ;
 
 complex_music_prefix:
-       CONTEXT simple_string optional_id optional_context_mod {
+       CONTEXT symbol optional_id optional_context_mod {
                 Context_mod *ctxmod = unsmob_context_mod ($4);
                 SCM mods = SCM_EOL;
                 if (ctxmod)
                         mods = ctxmod->get_mods ();
                $$ = START_MAKE_SYNTAX ("context-specification", $2, $3, mods, SCM_BOOL_F);
        }
-       | NEWCONTEXT simple_string optional_id optional_context_mod {
+       | NEWCONTEXT symbol optional_id optional_context_mod {
                 Context_mod *ctxmod = unsmob_context_mod ($4);
                 SCM mods = SCM_EOL;
                 if (ctxmod)
@@ -1984,13 +2171,11 @@ property_path:
        ;
 
 property_operation:
-       STRING '=' scalar {
-               $$ = scm_list_3 (ly_symbol2scm ("assign"),
-                       scm_string_to_symbol ($1), $3);
+       symbol '=' scalar {
+               $$ = scm_list_3 (ly_symbol2scm ("assign"), $1, $3);
        }
-       | UNSET simple_string {
-               $$ = scm_list_2 (ly_symbol2scm ("unset"),
-                       scm_string_to_symbol ($2));
+       | UNSET symbol {
+               $$ = scm_list_2 (ly_symbol2scm ("unset"), $2);
        }
        | OVERRIDE property_path '=' scalar {
                if (scm_ilength ($2) < 2) {
@@ -2032,6 +2217,13 @@ property_operation:
 // \revert Accidental.color
 
 revert_arg:
+       revert_arg_backup BACKUP symbol_list_arg
+       {
+               $$ = $3;
+       }
+       ;
+
+revert_arg_backup:
        revert_arg_part
        {
                if (scm_is_null ($1)
@@ -2040,20 +2232,16 @@ revert_arg:
                else
                        MYBACKUP (SYMBOL_LIST, scm_reverse_x ($1, SCM_EOL), @1);
        }
-       | revert_arg BACKUP symbol_list_arg
-       {
-               $$ = $3;
-       }
        ;
 
 // revert_arg_part delivers results in reverse
 revert_arg_part:
        symbol_list_part
-       | revert_arg BACKUP SCM_ARG '.' symbol_list_part
+       | revert_arg_backup BACKUP SCM_ARG '.' symbol_list_part
        {
                $$ = scm_append_x (scm_list_2 ($5, $3));
        }
-       | revert_arg BACKUP SCM_ARG symbol_list_part
+       | revert_arg_backup BACKUP SCM_ARG symbol_list_part
        {
                $$ = scm_append_x (scm_list_2 ($4, $3));
        }               
@@ -2237,17 +2425,6 @@ string:
                $$ = $1;
        }
        | full_markup
-       | string '+' string {
-               if (!scm_is_string ($1)) {
-                       parser->parser_error (@1, (_ ("simple string expected")));
-                       $1 = scm_string (SCM_EOL);
-               }
-               if (!scm_is_string ($3)) {
-                       parser->parser_error (@3, (_ ("simple string expected")));
-                       $3 = scm_string (SCM_EOL);
-               }
-               $$ = scm_string_append (scm_list_2 ($1, $3));
-       }
        ;
 
 simple_string: STRING {
@@ -2264,23 +2441,46 @@ simple_string: STRING {
        }
        ;
 
-scalar:
-       embedded_scm_arg
-       | SCM_IDENTIFIER
-       | bare_number
-       | FRACTION
-       | lyric_element
+symbol:
+       STRING {
+               $$ = scm_string_to_symbol ($1);
+       }
+       | embedded_scm_bare
+       {
+               // This is a bit of overkill but makes the same
+               // routine responsible for all symbol interpretations.
+               $$ = try_string_variants (ly_lily_module_constant ("symbol?"),
+                                         $1);
+               if (SCM_UNBNDP ($$))
+               {
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, (_ ("symbol expected")));
+                       // Generate a unique symbol in case it is used
+                       // for an assignment or similar
+                       $$ = scm_make_symbol (ly_string2scm ("undefined"));
+               }
+       }
        ;
 
-scalar_closed:
-       embedded_scm_arg_closed
+scalar:
+       embedded_scm_arg
        | SCM_IDENTIFIER
        | bare_number
+       // The following is a rather defensive variant of admitting
+       // negative numbers: the grammar would permit number_factor or
+       // even number_expression.  However, function arguments allow
+       // only this simple kind of negative number, so to have things
+       // like \tweak and \override behave reasonably similar, it
+       // makes sense to rule out things like -- which are rather an
+       // accent in function argument contexts.
+       | '-' bare_number
+       {
+               $$ = scm_difference ($2, SCM_UNDEFINED);
+       }
        | FRACTION
-       | lyric_element
+       | STRING
+       | full_markup
        ;
 
-
 event_chord:
        simple_element post_events {
                // Let the rhythmic music iterator sort this mess out.
@@ -2290,9 +2490,12 @@ event_chord:
                                 unsmob_music ($$)->set_property ("articulations",
                                                                  scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
                         else
+                       {
                                 parser->parser_error (@1, _("music expected"));
+                               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("void-music", @1);
+                       }
                }
-       }
+       } %prec ':'
        | simple_chord_elements post_events     {
                SCM elts = ly_append2 ($1, scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
 
@@ -2301,19 +2504,19 @@ event_chord:
                 * i = @$; */
                i.set_location (@1, @2);
                $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("event-chord", i, elts);
-       }
+       } %prec ':'
        | CHORD_REPETITION optional_notemode_duration post_events {
                Input i;
                i.set_location (@1, @3);
                $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("repetition-chord", i,
                                  $2, scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL));
-       }
+       } %prec ':'
        | MULTI_MEASURE_REST optional_notemode_duration post_events {
                Input i;
                i.set_location (@1, @3);
                $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("multi-measure-rest", i, $2,
                                  scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL));
-       }
+       } %prec ':'
        | command_element
        | note_chord_element
        ;
@@ -2334,7 +2537,7 @@ note_chord_element:
                m-> set_property ("elements", es);
                m->set_spot (@$);
                $$ = m->self_scm ();
-       }
+       } %prec ':'
        ;
 
 chord_body:
@@ -2342,6 +2545,7 @@ chord_body:
        {
                $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("event-chord", @$, scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
        }
+       | CHORD_BODY_IDENTIFIER
        ;
 
 chord_body_elements:
@@ -2433,40 +2637,10 @@ command_element:
        command_event {
                $$ = $1;
        }
-       | E_BRACKET_OPEN {
-               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("LigatureEvent", @$);
-               m->set_property ("span-direction", scm_from_int (START));
-               $$ = m->unprotect();
-       }
-       | E_BRACKET_CLOSE {
-               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("LigatureEvent", @$);
-               m->set_property ("span-direction", scm_from_int (STOP));
-               $$ = m->unprotect ();
-       }
-       | E_BACKSLASH {
-               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("voice-separator", @$);
-       }
-       | '|'      {
-               SCM pipe = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pipeSymbol");
-
-               Music *m = unsmob_music (pipe);
-               if (m)
-               {
-                       m = m->clone ();
-                       m->set_spot (@$);
-                       $$ = m->unprotect ();
-               }
-               else
-                       $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("bar-check", @$);
-
-       }
        ;
 
 command_event:
-       E_TILDE {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("PesOrFlexaEvent", @$)->unprotect ();
-       }
-       | tempo_event {
+       tempo_event {
                $$ = $1;
        }
        ;
@@ -2477,8 +2651,22 @@ post_events:
                $$ = SCM_EOL;
        }
        | post_events post_event {
-               unsmob_music ($2)->set_spot (@2);
-               $$ = scm_cons ($2, $$);
+               $$ = $1;
+               if (Music *m = unsmob_music ($2))
+               {
+                       if (m->is_mus_type ("post-event-wrapper"))
+                       {
+                               for (SCM p = m->get_property ("elements");
+                                    scm_is_pair (p);
+                                    p = scm_cdr (p))
+                               {
+                                       $$ = scm_cons (scm_car (p), $$);
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               m->set_spot (@2);
+                               $$ = scm_cons ($2, $$);
+                       }
+               }
        }
        ;
 
@@ -2488,7 +2676,10 @@ post_event_nofinger:
        }
        | script_dir music_function_call_closed {
                $$ = $2;
-               if (!SCM_UNBNDP ($1))
+               if (!unsmob_music ($2)->is_mus_type ("post-event")) {
+                       parser->parser_error (@2, _ ("post-event expected"));
+                       $$ = SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
+               } else if (!SCM_UNBNDP ($1))
                {
                        unsmob_music ($$)->set_property ("direction", $1);
                }
@@ -2546,55 +2737,8 @@ string_number_event:
        }
        ;
 
-direction_less_char:
-       '['  {
-               $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("bracketOpenSymbol");
-       }
-       | ']'  {
-               $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("bracketCloseSymbol");
-       }
-       | '~'  {
-               $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("tildeSymbol");
-       }
-       | '('  {
-               $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("parenthesisOpenSymbol");
-       }
-       | ')'  {
-               $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("parenthesisCloseSymbol");
-       }
-       | E_EXCLAMATION  {
-               $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("escapedExclamationSymbol");
-       }
-       | E_OPEN  {
-               $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("escapedParenthesisOpenSymbol");
-       }
-       | E_CLOSE  {
-               $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("escapedParenthesisCloseSymbol");
-       }
-       | E_ANGLE_CLOSE  {
-               $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("escapedBiggerSymbol");
-       }
-       | E_ANGLE_OPEN  {
-               $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("escapedSmallerSymbol");
-       }
-       ;
-
 direction_less_event:
-       direction_less_char {
-               SCM predefd = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier_symbol ($1);
-               Music *m = 0;
-               if (unsmob_music (predefd))
-               {
-                       m = unsmob_music (predefd)->clone ();
-                       m->set_spot (@$);
-               }
-               else
-               {
-                       m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("Music", @$);
-               }
-               $$ = m->unprotect ();
-       }
-       | string_number_event
+       string_number_event
        | EVENT_IDENTIFIER      {
                $$ = $1;
        }
@@ -2683,11 +2827,6 @@ pitch:
        | PITCH_IDENTIFIER
        ;
 
-pitch_also_in_chords:
-       pitch
-       | steno_tonic_pitch
-       ;
-
 gen_text_def:
        full_markup {
                Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TextScriptEvent", @$);
@@ -2732,8 +2871,8 @@ script_abbreviation:
        | '-'           {
                $$ = scm_from_locale_string ("Dash");
        }
-       | '|'           {
-               $$ = scm_from_locale_string ("Bar");
+       | '!'           {
+               $$ = scm_from_locale_string ("Bang");
        }
        | ANGLE_CLOSE   {
                $$ = scm_from_locale_string ("Larger");
@@ -2761,7 +2900,7 @@ duration_length:
 maybe_notemode_duration:
        {
                $$ = SCM_UNDEFINED;
-       }
+       } %prec ':'
        | multiplied_duration   {
                $$ = $1;
                parser->default_duration_ = *unsmob_duration ($$);
@@ -2779,14 +2918,12 @@ optional_notemode_duration:
 
 steno_duration:
        UNSIGNED dots           {
-               int len = 0;
-                int n = scm_to_int ($1);
-               if (!is_duration (n))
-                       parser->parser_error (@1, _f ("not a duration: %d", n));
-               else
-                       len = intlog2 (n);
-
-               $$ = Duration (len, scm_to_int ($2)).smobbed_copy ();
+               $$ = make_duration ($1, scm_to_int ($2));
+               if (SCM_UNBNDP ($$))
+               {
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("not a duration"));
+                       $$ = Duration ().smobbed_copy ();
+               }
        }
        | DURATION_IDENTIFIER dots      {
                Duration *d = unsmob_duration ($1);
@@ -2826,9 +2963,8 @@ tremolo_type:
                $$ = SCM_INUM0;
        }
        | ':' UNSIGNED {
-                int n = scm_to_int ($2);
-               if (!is_duration (n))
-                       parser->parser_error (@2, _f ("not a duration: %d", n));
+               if (SCM_UNBNDP (make_duration ($2)))
+                       parser->parser_error (@2, _ ("not a duration"));
                $$ = $2;
        }
        ;
@@ -2890,38 +3026,23 @@ bass_figure:
        }
        | bass_figure figured_bass_modification  {
                Music *m = unsmob_music ($1);
-               if ($2 == ly_symbol2scm ("plus"))
-                       {
-                       m->set_property ("augmented", SCM_BOOL_T);
-                       }
-               else if ($2 == ly_symbol2scm ("slash"))
-                       {
-                       m->set_property ("diminished", SCM_BOOL_T);
-                       }
-               else if ($2 == ly_symbol2scm ("exclamation"))
-                       {
-                       m->set_property ("no-continuation", SCM_BOOL_T);
-                       }
-               else if ($2 == ly_symbol2scm ("backslash"))
-                       {
-                       m->set_property ("augmented-slash", SCM_BOOL_T);
-                       }
+               m->set_property ($2, SCM_BOOL_T);
        }
        ;
 
 
 figured_bass_modification:
        E_PLUS          {
-               $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("plus");
+               $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("augmented");
        }
        | E_EXCLAMATION {
-               $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("exclamation");
+               $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("no-continuation");
        }
        | '/'           {
-               $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("slash");
+               $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("diminished");
        }
        | E_BACKSLASH {
-               $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("backslash");
+               $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("augmented-slash");
        }
        ;
 
@@ -3032,9 +3153,13 @@ simple_chord_elements:
 
 lyric_element:
        full_markup {
+               if (!parser->lexer_->is_lyric_state ())
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("markup outside of text script or \\lyricmode"));
                $$ = $1;
        }
        | STRING {
+               if (!parser->lexer_->is_lyric_state ())
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("unrecognized string, not in text script or \\lyricmode"));
                $$ = $1;
        }
        | LYRIC_ELEMENT
@@ -3046,7 +3171,7 @@ lyric_element_music:
                if (scm_is_pair ($3))
                        unsmob_music ($$)->set_property
                                ("articulations", scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL));
-       }
+       } %prec ':'
        ;
 
 new_chord:
@@ -3056,7 +3181,7 @@ new_chord:
        | steno_tonic_pitch optional_notemode_duration chord_separator chord_items {
                SCM its = scm_reverse_x ($4, SCM_EOL);
                $$ = make_chord_elements (@$, $1, $2, scm_cons ($3, its));
-       }
+       } %prec ':'
        ;
 
 chord_items:
@@ -3118,7 +3243,7 @@ tempo_range:
        UNSIGNED {
                $$ = $1;
        }
-       | UNSIGNED '~' UNSIGNED {
+       | UNSIGNED '-' UNSIGNED {
                $$ = scm_cons ($1, $3);
        }
        ;
@@ -3158,21 +3283,30 @@ number_factor:
        | bare_number
        ;
 
+bare_number_common:
+       bare_number_common_closed
+       | REAL NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
+       {
+               $$ = scm_product ($1, $2);
+       }
+       ;
+
+bare_number_common_closed:
+       REAL
+       | NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
+       ;
 
 bare_number:
-       bare_number_closed
+       bare_number_common
+       | UNSIGNED
        | UNSIGNED NUMBER_IDENTIFIER    {
                $$ = scm_product ($1, $2);
        }
-       | REAL NUMBER_IDENTIFIER        {
-               $$ = scm_product ($1, $2);
-       }
        ;
 
 bare_number_closed:
        UNSIGNED
-       | REAL
-       | NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
+       | bare_number_common_closed
        ;
 
 unsigned_number:
@@ -3221,11 +3355,13 @@ full_markup:
        ;
 
 markup_top:
-       markup_list {
+       simple_markup_list {
                $$ = scm_list_2 (ly_lily_module_constant ("line-markup"),  $1);
        }
-       | markup_head_1_list simple_markup      {
-               $$ = scm_car (scm_call_2 (ly_lily_module_constant ("map-markup-command-list"), $1, scm_list_1 ($2)));
+       | markup_head_1_list simple_markup
+       {
+               $$ = scm_car (MAKE_SYNTAX ("composed-markup-list",
+                                          @2, $1, scm_list_1 ($2)));
        }
        | simple_markup {
                $$ = $1;
@@ -3247,11 +3383,15 @@ markup_scm:
        ;
                        
 
-markup_list:
+simple_markup_list:
        markup_composed_list {
                $$ = $1;
        }
-       | markup_braced_list {
+       | markup_uncomposed_list
+       ;
+
+markup_uncomposed_list:
+       markup_braced_list {
                $$ = $1;
        }
        | markup_command_list {
@@ -3263,10 +3403,28 @@ markup_list:
        }
        ;
 
-markup_composed_list:
-       markup_head_1_list markup_braced_list {
-               $$ = scm_call_2 (ly_lily_module_constant ("map-markup-command-list"), $1, $2);
+markup_list:
+       simple_markup_list
+       | markup_score
+       {
+               $$ = scm_list_1 (scm_list_2 (ly_lily_module_constant ("score-lines-markup-list"), $1));
+       }
+       ;
 
+markup_score:
+       SCORE {
+               SCM nn = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
+               parser->lexer_->push_note_state (nn);
+       } '{' score_body '}' {
+               $$ = $4;
+               parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
+       }
+       ;
+
+markup_composed_list:
+       markup_head_1_list markup_uncomposed_list {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("composed-markup-list",
+                                 @2, $1, $2);
        }
        ;
 
@@ -3281,7 +3439,7 @@ markup_braced_list_body:
        | markup_braced_list_body markup {
                $$ = scm_cons ($2, $1);
        }
-       | markup_braced_list_body markup_list {
+       | markup_braced_list_body simple_markup_list {
                $$ = scm_reverse_x ($2, $1);
        }
        ;
@@ -3330,13 +3488,6 @@ simple_markup:
        STRING {
                $$ = make_simple_markup ($1);
        }
-       | SCORE {
-               SCM nn = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
-               parser->lexer_->push_note_state (nn);
-       } '{' score_body '}' {
-               $$ = scm_list_2 (ly_lily_module_constant ("score-markup"), $4);
-               parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
-       }
        | MARKUP_FUNCTION markup_command_basic_arguments {
                $$ = scm_cons ($1, scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
        }
@@ -3344,12 +3495,17 @@ simple_markup:
        {
                $$ = $2;
        }
+       | markup_score
+       {
+               $$ = scm_list_2 (ly_lily_module_constant ("score-markup"), $1);
+       }
        ;
 
 markup:
-       markup_head_1_list simple_markup        {
-               SCM mapper = ly_lily_module_constant ("map-markup-command-list");
-               $$ = scm_car (scm_call_2 (mapper, $1, scm_list_1 ($2)));
+       markup_head_1_list simple_markup
+       {
+               $$ = scm_car (MAKE_SYNTAX ("composed-markup-list",
+                                          @2, $1, scm_list_1 ($2)));
        }
        | simple_markup {
                $$ = $1;
@@ -3408,9 +3564,6 @@ Lily_lexer::try_special_identifiers (SCM *destination, SCM sid)
        } else if (Music *mus = unsmob_music (sid)) {
                mus = mus->clone ();
                *destination = mus->self_scm ();
-               unsmob_music (*destination)->
-                       set_property ("origin", make_input (last_input_));
-
                bool is_event = mus->is_mus_type ("post-event");
                mus->unprotect ();
                return is_event ? EVENT_IDENTIFIER : MUSIC_IDENTIFIER;
@@ -3604,10 +3757,14 @@ make_simple_markup (SCM a)
        return a;
 }
 
-bool
-is_duration (int t)
+SCM
+make_duration (SCM d, int dots)
 {
-  return t && t == 1 << intlog2 (t);
+       int t = scm_to_int (d);
+       if (t > 0 && (t & (t-1)) == 0)
+               return Duration (intlog2 (t), dots).smobbed_copy ();
+       else
+               return SCM_UNDEFINED;
 }
 
 SCM