]> git.donarmstrong.com Git - lilypond.git/blobdiff - lily/parser.yy
Fix some bugs in the dynamic engraver and PostScript backend
[lilypond.git] / lily / parser.yy
index b771f9bb4b60be1eae88c8c7c63b364ad0b640cb..795639ae5b4e12eacfa02285035bd15299c4d65c 100644 (file)
@@ -1,74 +1,20 @@
-%{ // -*-Fundamental-*-
-
 /*
   parser.yy -- Bison/C++ parser for LilyPond
 
   source file of the GNU LilyPond music typesetter
 
-  (c) 1997--2005 Han-Wen Nienhuys <hanwen@cs.uu.nl>
+  (c) 1997--2006 Han-Wen Nienhuys <hanwen@xs4all.nl>
                  Jan Nieuwenhuizen <janneke@gnu.org>
 */
 
-/*
-FIXME:
-
-   * The rules for who is protecting what are very shady.  Uniformise
-     this.
-
-   * There are too many lexical modes?
-*/
-
-#include "config.hh"
-
-#include <ctype.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-
-
-#include "book.hh"
-#include "context-def.hh"
-#include "dimensions.hh"
-#include "event.hh"
-#include "file-path.hh"
-#include "input-smob.hh"
-#include "input.hh"
-#include "lily-guile.hh"
-#include "lilypond-input-version.hh"
-#include "main.hh"
-#include "misc.hh"
-#include "lily-lexer.hh"
-#include "lily-parser.hh"
-#include "paper-book.hh"
-#include "output-def.hh"
-#include "scm-hash.hh"
-#include "scm-option.hh"
-#include "score.hh"
-#include "text-item.hh"
-#include "warn.hh"
-
-#define MY_MAKE_MUSIC(x)  make_music_by_name (ly_symbol2scm (x))
-
-Music *property_op_to_music (SCM op);
-Music *context_spec_music (SCM type, SCM id, Music *m, SCM ops);
-SCM get_next_unique_context_id ();
-SCM get_next_unique_lyrics_context_id ();
-
-#undef _
-#if !HAVE_GETTEXT
-#define _(x) x
-#else
-#include <libintl.h>
-#define _(x) gettext (x)
-#endif
+%{
 
 #define YYERROR_VERBOSE 1
-
 #define YYPARSE_PARAM my_lily_parser
 #define YYLEX_PARAM my_lily_parser
-#define THIS\
-       ((Lily_parser *) my_lily_parser)
+#define PARSER ((Lily_parser *) my_lily_parser)
 
-#define yyerror THIS->parser_error
+#define yyerror PARSER->parser_error
 
 /* We use custom location type: Input objects */
 #define YYLTYPE Input
@@ -76,186 +22,131 @@ SCM get_next_unique_lyrics_context_id ();
        ((Current).set_location ((Rhs)[1], (Rhs)[N]))
 
 
-/* Add symbols to the TAGS field of a music object.  */
+%}
 
-void
-tag_music (Music *m, SCM tag, Input ip)
-{
-       SCM tags = m->get_property ("tags");
-       if (scm_is_symbol (tag))
-               tags = scm_cons (tag, tags);
-       else if (ly_c_list_p (tag))
-               tags = ly_append2 (tag, tags);
-       else
-               ip.warning (_ ("tag must be symbol or list of symbols"));
+/* We use SCMs to do strings, because it saves us the trouble of
+deleting them.  Let's hope that a stack overflow doesnt trigger a move
+of the parse stack onto the heap. */
 
-       m->set_property ("tags", tags);
-}
+%left PREC_TOP
+%left ADDLYRICS
+%left PREC_BOT
 
-bool
-is_regular_identifier (SCM id)
-{
-  String str = ly_scm2string (id);
-  char const *s = str.to_str0 ();
+%expect 1
 
-  bool v = true;
-#if 0
-  isalpha (*s);
-  s++;
-#endif
-  while (*s && v)
-   {
-        v = v && isalnum (*s);
-        s++;
-   }
-  return v;
-}
+/* One shift/reduce problem
 
+1.  \repeat
+       \repeat .. \alternative
 
-SCM
-get_first_context_id (SCM type, Music *m)
-{
-       SCM id = m->get_property ("context-id");
-       if (SCM_BOOL_T == scm_equal_p (m->get_property ("context-type"), type)
-           && scm_is_string (m->get_property ("context-id"))
-           && scm_c_string_length (id) > 0)
-       {
-               return id;
-       }
-       return SCM_EOL;
-}
+    \repeat { \repeat .. \alternative }
 
-SCM
-make_simple_markup (SCM a)
-{
-       SCM simple = ly_lily_module_constant ("simple-markup");
-       return scm_list_2 (simple, a);
-}
+or
 
-bool
-is_duration (int t)
-{
-  return t && t == 1 << intlog2 (t);
-}
+    \repeat { \repeat } \alternative 
+*/
 
-void
-set_music_properties (Music *p, SCM a)
-{
-  for (SCM k = a; scm_is_pair (k); k = scm_cdr (k))
-       p->internal_set_property (scm_caar (k), scm_cdar (k));
-}
 
-SCM
-make_chord_step (int step, int alter)
-{
-       if (step == 7)
-               alter += FLAT;
+%pure_parser
+%locations
 
-       while (step < 0)
-               step += 7;
-       Pitch m ((step -1) / 7, (step - 1) % 7, alter);
-       return m.smobbed_copy ();
-}
 
 
-SCM
-make_chord (SCM pitch, SCM dur, SCM modification_list)
-{
-       SCM chord_ctor = ly_lily_module_constant ("construct-chord");
-       SCM ch = scm_call_3 (chord_ctor, pitch, dur, modification_list);
-       scm_gc_protect_object (ch);
-       return ch;
-}
+%{ // -*-Fundamental-*-
 
-/* Todo: actually also use apply iso. call too ...  */
-bool
-ly_input_procedure_p (SCM x)
-{
-       return ly_c_procedure_p (x)
-               || (scm_is_pair (x) && ly_c_procedure_p (scm_car (x)));
-}
+/*
+FIXME:
 
-Music*
-set_property_music (SCM sym, SCM value)
-{
-       Music *p = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("PropertySet");
-       p->set_property ("symbol", sym);
-       p->set_property ("value", value);
-       return p;
-}
+   * The rules for who is protecting what are very shady.  Uniformise
+     this.
 
-Music*
-make_music_relative (Pitch start, Music *music)
-{
-       Music *relative = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("RelativeOctaveMusic");
-       relative->set_property ("element", music->self_scm ());
-       
-       Pitch last = music->to_relative_octave (start);
-       if (lily_1_8_relative)
-               music->set_property ("last-pitch", last.smobbed_copy ());
-       return relative;
-}
+   * There are too many lexical modes?
+*/
 
-Music*
-make_lyric_combine_music (SCM name, Music *music)
-{
-       Music *combine = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NewLyricCombineMusic");
-       combine->set_property ("element", music->self_scm ());
-       combine->set_property ("associated-context", name);
-       return combine;
-}
+#include "config.hh"
 
-%}
+#include <cctype>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstdio>
+using namespace std;
 
-/* We use SCMs to do strings, because it saves us the trouble of
-deleting them.  Let's hope that a stack overflow doesnt trigger a move
-of the parse stack onto the heap. */
+#include "book.hh"
+#include "context-def.hh"
+#include "dimensions.hh"
+#include "file-path.hh"
+#include "input-smob.hh"
+#include "input.hh"
+#include "international.hh"
+#include "lily-guile.hh"
+#include "lily-lexer.hh"
+#include "lily-parser.hh"
+#include "lilypond-input-version.hh"
+#include "main.hh"
+#include "misc.hh"
+#include "music.hh"
+#include "music.hh"
+#include "output-def.hh"
+#include "paper-book.hh"
+#include "program-option.hh"
+#include "scm-hash.hh"
+#include "score.hh"
+#include "text-interface.hh"
+#include "warn.hh"
+
+%}
 
-%left ADDLYRICS
 
 %union {
        Book *book;
        Output_def *outputdef;
        SCM scm;
-       String *string;
+       std::string *string;
        Music *music;
        Score *score;
        int i;
 }
-%{
-
-int
-yylex (YYSTYPE *s, YYLTYPE *loc, void *v)
-{
-       Lily_parser *pars = (Lily_parser*) v;
-       Lily_lexer *lex = pars->lexer_;
-
-       lex->lexval = (void*) s;
-       lex->lexloc = loc;
-       lex->prepare_for_next_token ();
-       return lex->yylex ();
-}
 
+%{
 
-%}
+#define MY_MAKE_MUSIC(x)  make_music_by_name (ly_symbol2scm (x))
 
-%expect 1
+/* ES TODO:
+- Don't use lily module, create a new module instead.
+- delay application of the function
+*/
+#define MAKE_SYNTAX(name, location, ...)       \
+  scm_apply_0 (ly_lily_module_constant (name), scm_list_n (make_input (location), __VA_ARGS__, SCM_UNDEFINED));
 
-/* One shift/reduce problem
+Music *property_op_to_music (SCM op);
+SCM context_spec_music (SCM type, SCM id, SCM m, SCM ops, bool create_new);
+SCM get_next_unique_context_id ();
+SCM get_next_unique_lyrics_context_id ();
 
-1.  \repeat
-       \repeat .. \alternative
+#undef _
+#if !HAVE_GETTEXT
+#define _(x) x
+#else
+#include <libintl.h>
+#define _(x) gettext (x)
+#endif
 
-    \repeat { \repeat .. \alternative }
 
-or
-
-    \repeat { \repeat } \alternative 
-*/
 
+SCM make_lyric_combine_music (SCM name, SCM music);
+SCM make_music_relative (Pitch start, SCM music);
+Music *run_music_function (Lily_parser *, SCM expr);
+Music *set_property_music (SCM sym, SCM value);
+SCM get_first_context_id (SCM type, Music *m);
+SCM make_chord (SCM pitch, SCM dur, SCM modification_list);
+SCM make_chord_step (int step, int alter);
+SCM make_simple_markup (SCM a);
+bool is_duration (int t);
+bool is_regular_identifier (SCM id);
+bool ly_input_procedure_p (SCM x);
+int yylex (YYSTYPE *s, YYLTYPE *loc, void *v);
+void set_music_properties (Music *p, SCM a);
 
-%pure_parser
-%locations
+%}
 
 /* The third option is an alias that will be used to display the
    syntax error.  Bison CVS now correctly handles backslash escapes.
@@ -270,12 +161,10 @@ or
 %token ADDQUOTE "\\addquote"
 %token ALIAS "\\alias"
 %token ALTERNATIVE "\\alternative"
-%token BAR "\\bar"
 %token BOOK "\book"
 %token CHANGE "\\change"
 %token CHORDMODE "\\chordmode"
 %token CHORDS "\\chords"
-%token CLEF "\\clef"
 %token CONSISTS "\\consists"
 %token CONTEXT "\\context"
 %token DEFAULT "\\default"
@@ -315,7 +204,6 @@ or
 %token SET "\\set"
 %token SIMULTANEOUS "\\simultaneous"
 %token SKIP "\\skip"
-%token TAG "\\tag"
 %token TEMPO "\\tempo"
 %token TIMES "\\times"
 %token TRANSPOSE "\\transpose"
@@ -347,15 +235,12 @@ or
 %token E_OPEN "\\("
 %token E_BRACKET_CLOSE "\\]"
 %token E_ANGLE_OPEN "\\<"
+%token E_PLUS "\\+"
 %token E_TILDE "\\~"
 %token EXTENDER "__"
-/*  These used at all?
-  %token FIGURE_BRACKET_CLOSE 
-  %token FIGURE_BRACKET_OPEN
-
-parser.yy:348.8-25: warning: symbol `"\\>"' used more than once as a literal string
-parser.yy:352.8-24: warning: symbol `"\\<"' used more than once as a literal string
 
+/*
+If we give names, Bison complains.
 */
 %token FIGURE_CLOSE /* "\\>" */
 %token FIGURE_OPEN /* "\\<" */
@@ -363,7 +248,6 @@ parser.yy:352.8-24: warning: symbol `"\\<"' used more than once as a literal str
 %token HYPHEN "--"
 
 %token CHORDMODIFIERS
-%token COMMANDSPANREQUEST
 %token LYRIC_MARKUP
 %token MULTI_MEASURE_REST
 %token SCM_T
@@ -373,8 +257,7 @@ parser.yy:352.8-24: warning: symbol `"\\<"' used more than once as a literal str
 %token <i> E_UNSIGNED
 %token <i> UNSIGNED
 
-%token <id> IDENTIFIER
-
+%token <scm> BOOK_IDENTIFIER
 %token <scm> CHORDMODIFIER_PITCH
 %token <scm> CHORD_MODIFIER
 %token <scm> CONTEXT_DEF_IDENTIFIER
@@ -405,8 +288,12 @@ parser.yy:352.8-24: warning: symbol `"\\<"' used more than once as a literal str
 %token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM 
 %token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_MUSIC 
 %token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_MUSIC_MUSIC 
+%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM_MUSIC_MUSIC 
 %token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM 
 %token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM_MUSIC 
+%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM_SCM 
+%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM_SCM_MUSIC 
+%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM_SCM_SCM_MUSIC 
 %token <scm> MUSIC_IDENTIFIER
 %token <scm> NOTENAME_PITCH
 %token <scm> NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
@@ -424,9 +311,8 @@ parser.yy:352.8-24: warning: symbol `"\\<"' used more than once as a literal str
 %type <book> book_block
 %type <book> book_body
 
-%type <i> bare_int
 %type <i> bare_unsigned
-%type <i> bass_mod
+%type <i> figured_bass_alteration
 %type <i> dots
 %type <i> exclamations
 %type <i> optional_rest
@@ -436,37 +322,37 @@ parser.yy:352.8-24: warning: symbol `"\\<"' used more than once as a literal str
 %type <i> sup_quotes
 %type <i> tremolo_type
 
-%type <music> Composite_music
-%type <music> Generic_prefix_music
-%type <music> Grouped_music_list
-%type <music> Music
-%type <music> Prefix_composite_music
-%type <music> Repeated_music
-%type <music> Sequential_music
-%type <music> Simple_music
-%type <music> Simultaneous_music
-%type <music> chord_body
-%type <music> chord_body_element
-%type <music> command_element
-%type <music> command_req
-%type <music> context_change
-%type <music> direction_less_event
-%type <music> direction_reqd_event
-%type <music> event_chord
-%type <music> gen_text_def
-%type <music> music_property_def
-%type <music> note_chord_element
-%type <music> post_event
-%type <music> re_rhythmed_music
-%type <music> relative_music
-%type <music> simple_element
-%type <music> string_number_event
-%type <music> tagged_post_event
-%type <music> tempo_event
-%type <music> toplevel_music
+/* Music */
+%type <scm> Composite_music
+%type <scm> Grouped_music_list
+%type <scm> Music
+%type <scm> Prefix_composite_music
+%type <scm> Repeated_music
+%type <scm> Sequential_music
+%type <scm> Simple_music
+%type <scm> Simultaneous_music
+%type <scm> chord_body
+%type <scm> chord_body_element
+%type <scm> command_element
+%type <scm> command_event
+%type <scm> context_change
+%type <scm> direction_less_event
+%type <scm> direction_reqd_event
+%type <scm> event_chord
+%type <scm> gen_text_def
+%type <scm> music_property_def
+%type <scm> note_chord_element
+%type <scm> post_event
+%type <scm> re_rhythmed_music
+%type <scm> relative_music
+%type <scm> simple_element
+%type <scm> string_number_event
+%type <scm> tempo_event
+%type <scm> toplevel_music
 
 %type <outputdef> output_def_body
 %type <outputdef> output_def_head
+%type <outputdef> output_def_head_with_mode_switch
 %type <outputdef> output_def
 %type <outputdef> paper_block 
 
@@ -476,9 +362,13 @@ parser.yy:352.8-24: warning: symbol `"\\<"' used more than once as a literal str
 %type <scm> absolute_pitch
 %type <scm> assignment_id
 %type <scm> bare_number
+%type <scm> music_function_event
+%type <scm> music_function_chord_body
+%type <scm> music_function_musicless_prefix
 %type <scm> bass_figure
-%type <scm> bass_number
+%type <scm> figured_bass_modification
 %type <scm> br_bass_figure
+%type <scm> bass_number
 %type <scm> chord_body_elements
 %type <scm> chord_item
 %type <scm> chord_items
@@ -520,6 +410,7 @@ parser.yy:352.8-24: warning: symbol `"\\<"' used more than once as a literal str
 %type <scm> object_id_setting
 %type <scm> octave_check
 %type <scm> optional_context_mod
+%type <scm> optional_id
 %type <scm> optional_notemode_duration
 %type <scm> pitch
 %type <scm> pitch_also_in_chords
@@ -535,6 +426,7 @@ parser.yy:352.8-24: warning: symbol `"\\<"' used more than once as a literal str
 %type <scm> step_number
 %type <scm> step_numbers 
 %type <scm> string
+%type <scm> function_scm_argument
 
 %type <score> score_block
 %type <score> score_body
@@ -555,10 +447,10 @@ lilypond: /* empty */
        | lilypond assignment {
        }
        | lilypond error {
-               THIS->error_level_ = 1;
+               PARSER->error_level_ = 1;
        }
        | lilypond INVALID      {
-               THIS->error_level_ = 1;
+               PARSER->error_level_ = 1;
        }
        ;
 
@@ -569,33 +461,29 @@ object_id_setting:
 
 toplevel_expression:
        lilypond_header {
-               THIS->lexer_->set_identifier (ly_symbol2scm ("$globalheader"), $1);
-       }
-       | add_quote {
-       
+               PARSER->lexer_->set_identifier (ly_symbol2scm ("$defaultheader"), $1);
        }
        | book_block {
                Book *book = $1;
-               SCM proc = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-book-handler");
-               scm_call_2 (proc, THIS->self_scm (), book->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (book->self_scm ());
+               SCM proc = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-book-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, PARSER->self_scm (), book->self_scm ());
+               book->unprotect ();
        }
        | score_block {
                Score *score = $1;
                
-               SCM proc = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-score-handler");
-               scm_call_2 (proc, THIS->self_scm (), score->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (score->self_scm ());
+               SCM proc = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-score-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, PARSER->self_scm (), score->self_scm ());
+               score->unprotect ();
        }
        | toplevel_music {
-               Music *music = $1;
-               SCM proc = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-music-handler");
-               scm_call_2 (proc, THIS->self_scm (), music->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (music->self_scm ());
+               Music *music = unsmob_music ($1);
+               SCM proc = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-music-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, PARSER->self_scm (), music->self_scm ());
        }
        | full_markup {
-               SCM proc = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-text-handler");
-               scm_call_2 (proc, THIS->self_scm (), $1);
+               SCM proc = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-text-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, PARSER->self_scm (), $1);
        }
        | output_def {
                SCM id = SCM_EOL;
@@ -608,8 +496,8 @@ toplevel_expression:
                else if ($1->c_variable ("is-layout") == SCM_BOOL_T)
                        id = ly_symbol2scm ("$defaultlayout");
 
-               THIS->lexer_->set_identifier (id, od->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (od->self_scm ());
+               PARSER->lexer_->set_identifier (id, od->self_scm ());
+               od->unprotect();
        }
        ;
 
@@ -626,8 +514,8 @@ embedded_scm:
 
 lilypond_header_body:
        {
-               $$ = ly_make_anonymous_module (be_safe_global);
-               THIS->lexer_->add_scope ($$);
+               $$ = get_header(PARSER);
+               PARSER->lexer_->add_scope ($$);
        }
        | lilypond_header_body assignment  {
                
@@ -636,7 +524,7 @@ lilypond_header_body:
 
 lilypond_header:
        HEADER '{' lilypond_header_body '}'     {
-               $$ = THIS->lexer_->remove_scope ();
+               $$ = PARSER->lexer_->remove_scope ();
        }
        ;
 
@@ -652,10 +540,14 @@ assignment:
        assignment_id '=' identifier_init  {
                if (! is_regular_identifier ($1))
                {
+#if 0
+                       /* no longer valid with dashes in \paper{} block. */ 
                        @1.warning (_ ("identifier should have alphabetic characters only"));
+#endif
                }
 
-               THIS->lexer_->set_identifier ($1, $3);
+
+               PARSER->lexer_->set_identifier ($1, $3);
 
 /*
  TODO: devise standard for protection in parser.
@@ -672,22 +564,24 @@ all objects can be unprotected as soon as they're here.
 identifier_init:
        score_block {
                $$ = $1->self_scm ();
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($$);
+               $1->unprotect ();
+       }
+       | book_block {
+               $$ = $1->self_scm ();
+               $1->unprotect ();
        }
        | output_def {
                $$ = $1->self_scm ();
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($$);
+               $1->unprotect ();
        }
        | context_def_spec_block {
                $$ = $1;
        }
        | Music  {
-               $$ = $1->self_scm ();
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($$);
+               $$ = $1;
        }
        | post_event {
-               $$ = $1->self_scm ();
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($$);
+               $$ = $1;
        }
        | number_expression {
                $$ = $1;
@@ -702,7 +596,7 @@ identifier_init:
                $$ = $1;
        }
        | DIGIT {
-               $$ = scm_int2num ($1);
+               $$ = scm_from_int ($1);
        }
        ;
 
@@ -753,18 +647,22 @@ book_body:
        {
                $$ = new Book;
                $$->set_spot (@$);
-               $$->paper_ = dynamic_cast<Output_def*> (unsmob_output_def (THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("$defaultpaper"))->clone ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($$->paper_->self_scm ());
-               $$->header_ = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("$globalheader"); 
+               $$->paper_ = dynamic_cast<Output_def*> (unsmob_output_def (PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("$defaultpaper"))->clone ());
+               $$->paper_->unprotect ();
+               $$->header_ = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("$defaultheader"); 
+       }
+       | BOOK_IDENTIFIER {
+               $$ = unsmob_book ($1);
+               $$->set_spot (@$);
        }
        | book_body paper_block {
                $$->paper_ = $2;
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($2->self_scm ());
+               $2->unprotect ();
        }
        | book_body score_block {
                SCM s = $2->self_scm ();
                $$->add_score (s);
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (s);
+               $2->unprotect();
        }
        | book_body full_markup {
                $$->add_score ($2);
@@ -788,36 +686,37 @@ score_block:
        ;
 
 score_body:
-       /**/    {
-               $$ = new Score;
+       Music {
+               SCM m = $1;
+               SCM scorify = ly_lily_module_constant ("scorify-music");
+               SCM score = scm_call_2 (scorify, m, PARSER->self_scm ());
+
+               // pass ownernship to C++ again.
+               $$ = unsmob_score (score);
+               $$->protect ();
                $$->set_spot (@$);
        }
        | SCORE_IDENTIFIER {
-               $$ = new Score ( *unsmob_score ($1));
+               $$ = unsmob_score ($1);
                $$->set_spot (@$);
        }
        | score_body object_id_setting {
                $$->user_key_ = ly_scm2string ($2);
        }
-       | score_body Music {
-               SCM m = $2->self_scm ();
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (m);
-               $$->set_music (m, THIS->self_scm ());
-       }
        | score_body lilypond_header    {
                $$->header_ = $2;
        }
        | score_body output_def {
                if ($2->lookup_variable (ly_symbol2scm ("is-paper")) == SCM_BOOL_T)
                {
-                       THIS->parser_error (@2, _("\\paper cannot be used in \\score, use \\layout instead"));
+                       PARSER->parser_error (@2, _("\\paper cannot be used in \\score, use \\layout instead"));
                
                }
                else
                {
-                       $$->defs_.push ($2);
+                       $$->add_output_def ($2);
                }
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($2->self_scm ());
+               $2->unprotect ();
        }
        | score_body error {
                $$->error_found_ = true;
@@ -834,8 +733,8 @@ paper_block:
                $$ = $1;
                if ($$->lookup_variable (ly_symbol2scm ("is-paper")) != SCM_BOOL_T)
                {
-                       THIS->parser_error (@1, _ ("need \\paper for paper block"));
-                       $$ = get_paper (THIS);
+                       PARSER->parser_error (@1, _ ("need \\paper for paper block"));
+                       $$ = get_paper (PARSER);
                }
        }
        ;
@@ -845,45 +744,49 @@ output_def:
        output_def_body '}' {
                $$ = $1;
 
-               THIS->lexer_->remove_scope ();
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->remove_scope ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->pop_state ();
        }
        ;
 
 output_def_head:
        PAPER {
-               $$ = get_paper (THIS);
+               $$ = get_paper (PARSER);
                $$->input_origin_ = @$;
-               THIS->lexer_->add_scope ($$->scope_);
+               PARSER->lexer_->add_scope ($$->scope_);
        }
        | MIDI    {
-               Output_def *p = get_midi (THIS);
+               Output_def *p = get_midi (PARSER);
                $$ = p;
-               THIS->lexer_->add_scope (p->scope_);
+               PARSER->lexer_->add_scope (p->scope_);
        }
        | LAYOUT        {
-               Output_def *p = get_layout (THIS);
+               Output_def *p = get_layout (PARSER);
 
-               THIS->lexer_->add_scope (p->scope_);
+               PARSER->lexer_->add_scope (p->scope_);
                $$ = p;
        }
        ;
 
+output_def_head_with_mode_switch:
+       output_def_head {
+               PARSER->lexer_->push_initial_state ();
+               $$ = $1;
+       }
+       ;
 
 output_def_body:
-       output_def_head '{' {
+       output_def_head_with_mode_switch '{' {
                $$ = $1;
                $$->input_origin_.set_spot (@$);
-               THIS->lexer_->push_initial_state ();
        }
-       | output_def_head '{' OUTPUT_DEF_IDENTIFIER     {
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($1->self_scm ());
+       | output_def_head_with_mode_switch '{' OUTPUT_DEF_IDENTIFIER    {
+               $1->unprotect ();
                Output_def *o = unsmob_output_def ($3);
                o->input_origin_.set_spot (@$);
                $$ = o;
-               THIS->lexer_->remove_scope ();
-               THIS->lexer_->add_scope (o->scope_);
-               THIS->lexer_->push_initial_state ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->remove_scope ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->add_scope (o->scope_);
        }
        | output_def_body assignment  {
 
@@ -896,10 +799,9 @@ output_def_body:
                        junk this ? there already is tempo stuff in
                        music.
                */
-               int m = scm_to_int ($2->get_property ("metronome-count"));
-               Duration *d = unsmob_duration ($2->get_property ("tempo-unit"));
+               int m = scm_to_int (unsmob_music($2)->get_property ("metronome-count"));
+               Duration *d = unsmob_duration (unsmob_music($2)->get_property ("tempo-unit"));
                set_tempo ($$, d->get_length (), m);
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($2->self_scm ());
        }
        | output_def_body error {
 
@@ -908,9 +810,10 @@ output_def_body:
 
 tempo_event:
        TEMPO steno_duration '=' bare_unsigned  {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("MetronomeChangeEvent");
-               $$->set_property ("tempo-unit", $2);
-               $$->set_property ("metronome-count", scm_int2num ( $4));
+               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("MetronomeChangeEvent");
+               m->set_property ("tempo-unit", $2);
+               m->set_property ("metronome-count", scm_from_int ( $4));
+               $$ = m->unprotect ();
        }
        ;
 
@@ -927,8 +830,7 @@ Music_list:
        }
        | Music_list Music {
                SCM s = $$;
-               SCM c = scm_cons ($2->self_scm (), SCM_EOL);
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($2->self_scm ()); /* UGH */
+               SCM c = scm_cons ($2, SCM_EOL);
 
                if (scm_is_pair (scm_cdr (s)))
                        scm_set_cdr_x (scm_cdr (s), c); /* append */
@@ -940,12 +842,12 @@ Music_list:
 
        }
        | Music_list error {
-               Music * m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC("Music");
+               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC("Music");
                // ugh. code dup 
                m->set_property ("error-found", SCM_BOOL_T);
                SCM s = $$;
                SCM c = scm_cons (m->self_scm (), SCM_EOL);
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (m->self_scm ()); /* UGH */
+               m->unprotect (); /* UGH */
 
                if (scm_is_pair (scm_cdr (s)))
                        scm_set_cdr_x (scm_cdr (s), c); /* append */
@@ -965,7 +867,7 @@ Alternative_music:
                $$ = SCM_EOL;
        }
        | ALTERNATIVE '{' Music_list '}' {
-               $$ = $3;
+               $$ = scm_car ($3);
        }
        ;
 
@@ -973,105 +875,41 @@ Alternative_music:
 Repeated_music:
        REPEAT simple_string bare_unsigned Music Alternative_music
        {
-               Music *beg = $4;
-               int times = $3;
-               SCM alts = scm_is_pair ($5) ? scm_car ($5) : SCM_EOL;
-               if (times < scm_ilength (alts)) {
-                 unsmob_music (scm_car (alts))
-                   ->origin ()->warning (
-                   _ ("more alternatives than repeats"));
-                   warning ("junking excess alternatives");
-                 alts = ly_truncate_list (times, alts);
-               }
-
-
-               SCM proc = ly_lily_module_constant ("make-repeated-music");
-
-               SCM mus = scm_call_1 (proc, $2);
-               scm_gc_protect_object (mus); // UGH.
-               Music *r = unsmob_music (mus);
-               if (beg)
-                       {
-                       r-> set_property ("element", beg->self_scm ());
-                       scm_gc_unprotect_object (beg->self_scm ());
-                       }
-               r->set_property ("repeat-count", scm_int2num (times >? 1));
-
-               r-> set_property ("elements",alts);
-               if (ly_c_equal_p ($2, scm_makfrom0str ("tremolo"))) {
-                       /*
-                       TODO: move this code to Scheme.
-                       */
-
-                       /* we cannot get durations and other stuff
-                          correct down the line,
-                          so we have to add to the duration log here. */
-                       SCM func = ly_lily_module_constant ("shift-duration-log");
-
-                       int dots = ($3 % 3) ? 0 : 1;
-                       int shift = -intlog2 ((dots) ? ($3*2/3) : $3);
-
-                       
-                       if ($4->is_mus_type ("sequential-music"))
-                       {
-                               int list_len = scm_ilength ($4->get_property ("elements"));
-                               if (list_len != 2)
-                                       $4->origin ()->warning (_f ("expect 2 elements for Chord tremolo, found %d", list_len));
-                               shift -= 1;
-                               r->compress (Moment (Rational (1, list_len)));
-                       }
-                       scm_call_3 (func, r->self_scm (), scm_int2num (shift), scm_int2num (dots));
-
-               }
-               r->set_spot (*$4->origin ());
-
-               $$ = r;
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("repeat", @$, $2, scm_int2num ($3), $4, $5);
        }
        ;
 
 Sequential_music:
        SEQUENTIAL '{' Music_list '}'           {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("SequentialMusic");
-               $$->set_property ("elements", scm_car ($3));
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("sequential-music", @$, scm_car ($3));
        }
        | '{' Music_list '}'            {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("SequentialMusic");
-               $$->set_property ("elements", scm_car ($2));
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("sequential-music", @$, scm_car ($2));
        }
        ;
 
 Simultaneous_music:
        SIMULTANEOUS '{' Music_list '}'{
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("SimultaneousMusic");
-               $$->set_property ("elements", scm_car ($3));
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
-
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("simultaneous-music", @$, scm_car ($3));
        }
        | simul_open Music_list simul_close     {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("SimultaneousMusic");
-               $$->set_property ("elements", scm_car ($2));
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("simultaneous-music", @$, scm_car ($2));
        }
        ;
 
 Simple_music:
-       event_chord             { $$ = $1; }
-       | MUSIC_IDENTIFIER {
-               $$ = unsmob_music ($1);
-       }
+       event_chord
+       | MUSIC_IDENTIFIER
        | music_property_def
        | context_change
        ;
 
-
 optional_context_mod:
        /**/ { $$ = SCM_EOL; }
-       | WITH { THIS->lexer_->push_initial_state (); }
+       | WITH { PARSER->lexer_->push_initial_state (); }
        '{' context_mod_list '}'
        {
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->pop_state ();
                $$ = $4;
        }
        ;
@@ -1083,7 +921,6 @@ context_mod_list:
        }
        ;
 
-
 Composite_music:
        Prefix_composite_music { $$ = $1; }
        | Grouped_music_list { $$ = $1; }
@@ -1094,222 +931,178 @@ Grouped_music_list:
        | Sequential_music              { $$ = $1; }
        ;
 
+function_scm_argument:
+       embedded_scm  
+       | simple_string
+       ;
+
+/*
+TODO: use code generation for this
+*/
 Generic_prefix_music_scm:
        MUSIC_FUNCTION {
                $$ = scm_list_2 ($1, make_input (@$));
        }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM embedded_scm {
+       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM function_scm_argument {
                $$ = scm_list_3 ($1, make_input (@$), $2);
        }
        | MUSIC_FUNCTION_MARKUP full_markup {
                $$ = scm_list_3 ($1, make_input (@$), $2);
        }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_MUSIC Music {
-               $$ = scm_list_3 ($1, make_input (@$), $2->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($2->self_scm ());
-       }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_MUSIC embedded_scm Music {
-               $$ = scm_list_4 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($3->self_scm ());
+       | music_function_musicless_prefix Music {
+               $$ = ly_append2 ($1, scm_list_1 ($2));
        }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM embedded_scm embedded_scm {
+       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM function_scm_argument function_scm_argument {
                $$ = scm_list_4 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3);
        }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM_MUSIC embedded_scm embedded_scm Music {
-               $$ = scm_list_5 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3, $4->self_scm ());
+       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM_SCM function_scm_argument function_scm_argument function_scm_argument {
+               $$ = scm_list_5 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3, $4);
        }
        | MUSIC_FUNCTION_MARKUP_MUSIC full_markup Music {
-               $$ = scm_list_4 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($3->self_scm ());
+               $$ = scm_list_4 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3);
        }
        | MUSIC_FUNCTION_MARKUP_MARKUP full_markup full_markup {
                $$ = scm_list_4 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3);
        }
        | MUSIC_FUNCTION_MUSIC_MUSIC Music Music {
-               $$ = scm_list_4 ($1, make_input (@$), $2->self_scm (), $3->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($2->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($3->self_scm ());
+               $$ = scm_list_4 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3);
+       }
+       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_MUSIC_MUSIC function_scm_argument Music Music {
+               $$ = scm_list_5 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3, $4);
        }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_MUSIC_MUSIC embedded_scm Music Music {
-               $$ = scm_list_5 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3->self_scm (), $4->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($4->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($3->self_scm ());
+       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM_MUSIC_MUSIC function_scm_argument function_scm_argument Music Music {
+               $$ = scm_list_n ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3, $4, $5, SCM_UNDEFINED);
        }
        | MUSIC_FUNCTION_MARKUP_MUSIC_MUSIC full_markup Music Music {
-               $$ = scm_list_5 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3->self_scm (), $4->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($3->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($4->self_scm ());
+               $$ = scm_list_5 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3, $4);
        }
        ;
 
-Generic_prefix_music:
-       Generic_prefix_music_scm {
-               SCM func = scm_car ($1);
-               Input *loc = unsmob_input (scm_cadr ($1));
-               SCM args = scm_cddr ($1);
-               SCM sig = scm_object_property (func, ly_symbol2scm ("music-function-signature"));
-
-               SCM type_check_proc = ly_lily_module_constant ("type-check-list");
-               bool ok  = true;
-
-               if (!to_boolean (scm_call_3  (type_check_proc, scm_cadr ($1), sig, args)))
-               {
-                       THIS->error_level_ = 1;
-                       ok = false;
-               }
-
-               SCM m = SCM_EOL;
-               if (ok)
-                       m = scm_apply_0 (func, scm_cons (THIS->self_scm(),
-                                                        scm_cdr ($1)));
-
-               if (unsmob_music (m))
-                       {
-                       $$ = unsmob_music (m);
-                       scm_gc_protect_object (m);
-                       }
-               else
-                       {
-                       if (ok)
-                               loc->error (_ ("music head function must return Music object")); 
-                       $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("Music");
-                       }
-               $$->set_spot (*loc);
+optional_id:
+       /**/ { $$ = SCM_EOL; }
+       | '=' simple_string {
+               $$ = $2;
        }
-       ;
+       ;       
 
 
 Prefix_composite_music:
-       Generic_prefix_music {
-               $$ = $1;
-       }
-       | CONTEXT simple_string '=' simple_string optional_context_mod Music {
-               $$ = context_spec_music ($2, $4, $6, $5);
-
+       Generic_prefix_music_scm {
+               $$ = run_music_function (PARSER, $1)->unprotect ();
        }
-       | CONTEXT simple_string optional_context_mod Music {
-               $$ = context_spec_music ($2, SCM_UNDEFINED, $4, $3);
+       | CONTEXT    simple_string optional_id optional_context_mod Music {
+               $$ = context_spec_music ($2, $3, $5, $4, false);
        }
-       | NEWCONTEXT simple_string optional_context_mod Music {
-               $$ = context_spec_music ($2, get_next_unique_context_id (), $4,
-                       $3);
+       | NEWCONTEXT simple_string optional_id optional_context_mod Music {
+               $$ = context_spec_music ($2, $3, $5, $4, true);
        }
 
        | TIMES fraction Music  
-
        {
-               int n = scm_to_int (scm_car ($2)); int d = scm_to_int (scm_cdr ($2));
-               Music *mp = $3;
+                int n = scm_to_int (scm_car ($2));
+                int d = scm_to_int (scm_cdr ($2));
 
-               $$= MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TimeScaledMusic");
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
-
-               $$->set_property ("element", mp->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (mp->self_scm ());
-               $$->set_property ("numerator", scm_int2num (n));
-               $$->set_property ("denominator", scm_int2num (d));
-               $$->compress (Moment (Rational (n,d)));
+                Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TimeScaledMusic");
+                m->set_spot (@$);
 
+                m->set_property ("element", $3);
+                m->set_property ("numerator", scm_from_int (n));
+                m->set_property ("denominator", scm_from_int (d));
+                m->compress (Moment (Rational (n,d)));
+                $$ = m->unprotect ();
        }
        | Repeated_music                { $$ = $1; }
        | TRANSPOSE pitch_also_in_chords pitch_also_in_chords Music {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TransposedMusic");
-               Music *p = $4;
+               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TransposedMusic");
                Pitch from = *unsmob_pitch ($2);
                Pitch to = *unsmob_pitch ($3);
 
+               Music *p = unsmob_music ($4);
                p->transpose (pitch_interval (from, to));
-               $$->set_property ("element", p->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (p->self_scm ());
+               m->set_property ("element", $4);
+               $$ = m->unprotect ();
        }
        | mode_changing_head Grouped_music_list {
                if ($1 == ly_symbol2scm ("chords"))
                {
                  Music *chm = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("UnrelativableMusic");
-                 chm->set_property ("element", $2->self_scm ());
-                 $$ = chm;
-                 scm_gc_unprotect_object ($2->self_scm ());
+                 chm->set_property ("element", $2);
+                 $$ = chm->unprotect ();
                }
                else
                {
                  $$ = $2;
                }
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->pop_state ();
        }
        | mode_changing_head_with_context optional_context_mod Grouped_music_list {
-               $$ = context_spec_music ($1, get_next_unique_context_id (),
-                                        $3, $2);
+               $$ = context_spec_music ($1, SCM_UNDEFINED, $3, $2, true);
                if ($1 == ly_symbol2scm ("ChordNames"))
                {
                  Music *chm = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("UnrelativableMusic");
-                 chm->set_property ("element", $$->self_scm ());
-                 scm_gc_unprotect_object ($$->self_scm ());
-                 $$ = chm;
+                 chm->set_property ("element", $$);
+                 $$ = chm->unprotect ();
                }
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->pop_state ();
        }
        | relative_music        { $$ = $1; }
        | re_rhythmed_music     { $$ = $1; }
-       | TAG embedded_scm Music {
-               tag_music ($3, $2, @$);
-               $$ = $3;
-       }
        ;
 
 mode_changing_head: 
        NOTEMODE {
-               SCM nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
-               THIS->lexer_->push_note_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
+               SCM nn = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
+               PARSER->lexer_->push_note_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
 
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("notes");
        }
        | DRUMMODE 
                {
-               SCM nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("drumPitchNames");
-               THIS->lexer_->push_note_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
+               SCM nn = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("drumPitchNames");
+               PARSER->lexer_->push_note_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
 
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("drums");
        }
        | FIGUREMODE {
-               THIS->lexer_->push_figuredbass_state ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->push_figuredbass_state ();
 
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("figures");
        }
        | CHORDMODE {
-               SCM nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("chordmodifiers");
-               THIS->lexer_->chordmodifier_tab_ = alist_to_hashq (nn);
-               nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
-               THIS->lexer_->push_chord_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
+               SCM nn = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("chordmodifiers");
+               PARSER->lexer_->chordmodifier_tab_ = alist_to_hashq (nn);
+               nn = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
+               PARSER->lexer_->push_chord_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("chords");
 
        }
        | LYRICMODE
-               { THIS->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
+               { PARSER->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("lyrics");
        }
        ;
 
 mode_changing_head_with_context: 
        DRUMS {
-               SCM nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("drumPitchNames");
-               THIS->lexer_->push_note_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
+               SCM nn = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("drumPitchNames");
+               PARSER->lexer_->push_note_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
 
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("DrumStaff");
        }
        | FIGURES {
-               THIS->lexer_->push_figuredbass_state ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->push_figuredbass_state ();
 
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("FiguredBass");
        }
        | CHORDS {
-               SCM nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("chordmodifiers");
-               THIS->lexer_->chordmodifier_tab_ = alist_to_hashq (nn);
-               nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
-               THIS->lexer_->push_chord_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
+               SCM nn = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("chordmodifiers");
+               PARSER->lexer_->chordmodifier_tab_ = alist_to_hashq (nn);
+               nn = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
+               PARSER->lexer_->push_chord_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("ChordNames");
        }
        | LYRICS
-               { THIS->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
+               { PARSER->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("Lyrics");
        }
        ;
@@ -1317,48 +1110,43 @@ mode_changing_head_with_context:
 
 relative_music:
        RELATIVE absolute_pitch Music {
-               Music *m = $3;
                Pitch start = *unsmob_pitch ($2);
-               $$ = make_music_relative (start, m);
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (m->self_scm ());
+               $$ = make_music_relative (start, $3);
        }
        | RELATIVE Composite_music {
-               Music *m = $2;
-
                Pitch middle_c (0, 0, 0);
-               $$ = make_music_relative (middle_c, m);
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (m->self_scm ());
+               $$ = make_music_relative (middle_c, $2);
        }
        ;
 
 new_lyrics:
-       ADDLYRICS { THIS->lexer_->push_lyric_state (); }
+       ADDLYRICS { PARSER->lexer_->push_lyric_state (); }
        /*cont */
        Grouped_music_list {
        /* Can also use Music at the expensive of two S/Rs similar to
            \repeat \alternative */
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->pop_state ();
 
-               $$ = scm_cons ($3->self_scm (), SCM_EOL);
+               $$ = scm_cons ($3, SCM_EOL);
        }
        | new_lyrics ADDLYRICS {
-               THIS->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
        } Grouped_music_list {
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
-               $$ = scm_cons ($4->self_scm (), $1);
+               PARSER->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               $$ = scm_cons ($4, $1);
        }
        ;
 
 re_rhythmed_music:
        Grouped_music_list new_lyrics {
-               Music * voice = $1;
-               SCM name = get_first_context_id (scm_makfrom0str ("Voice"), voice); 
+               SCM voice = $1;
+               SCM name = get_first_context_id (scm_makfrom0str ("Voice"), unsmob_music (voice)); 
                if (!scm_is_string (name))
                {
                        name = get_next_unique_lyrics_context_id ();
                        voice = context_spec_music (scm_makfrom0str ("Voice"),
                                                    name,
-                                                   voice, SCM_EOL);
+                                                   voice, SCM_EOL, false);
                }
 
                SCM context = scm_makfrom0str ("Lyrics");
@@ -1367,36 +1155,32 @@ re_rhythmed_music:
                SCM lst = SCM_EOL;
                for (SCM s = $2; scm_is_pair (s); s = scm_cdr (s))
                {
-                       Music *music = unsmob_music (scm_car (s));
-                       Music *com = make_lyric_combine_music (name, music);
-                       Music *csm = context_spec_music (context,
-                               get_next_unique_context_id (), com, SCM_EOL);
-                       lst = scm_cons (csm->self_scm (), lst);
+                       SCM com = make_lyric_combine_music (name, scm_car (s));
+                       SCM csm = context_spec_music (context,
+                               SCM_UNDEFINED, com, SCM_EOL, true);
+                       lst = scm_cons (csm, lst);
                }
-               all->set_property ("elements", scm_cons (voice->self_scm (),
+               all->set_property ("elements", scm_cons (voice,
                        lst));
-               $$ = all;
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (voice->self_scm ());
+               $$ = all->unprotect ();
        }
        | LYRICSTO simple_string {
-               THIS->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
        } Music {
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
-               Music *music = $4;
+               PARSER->lexer_->pop_state ();
                SCM name = $2;
-               $$ = make_lyric_combine_music (name, music);
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (music->self_scm ());
+               $$ = make_lyric_combine_music (name, $4);
        }
        ;
 
 context_change:
        CHANGE STRING '=' STRING  {
-               Music*t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("ContextChange");
+               Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("ContextChange");
                t-> set_property ("change-to-type", scm_string_to_symbol ($2));
                t-> set_property ("change-to-id", $4);
+               t->set_spot (@$);
 
-               $$ = t;
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
+               $$ = t->unprotect ();
        }
        ;
 
@@ -1411,7 +1195,11 @@ property_operation:
        }
        | OVERRIDE simple_string embedded_scm '=' embedded_scm {
                $$ = scm_list_4 (ly_symbol2scm ("push"),
-                       scm_string_to_symbol ($2), $3, $5);
+                       scm_string_to_symbol ($2), $5, $3);
+       }
+       | OVERRIDE simple_string embedded_scm embedded_scm '=' embedded_scm {
+               $$ = scm_list_5 (ly_symbol2scm ("push"),
+                               scm_string_to_symbol ($2), $6, $4, $3);
        }
        | REVERT simple_string embedded_scm {
                $$ = scm_list_3 (ly_symbol2scm ("pop"),
@@ -1458,38 +1246,45 @@ context_prop_spec:
 
 music_property_def:
        OVERRIDE context_prop_spec embedded_scm '=' scalar {
-               $$ = property_op_to_music (scm_list_4 (
-                       ly_symbol2scm ("poppush"),
+               Music *m = property_op_to_music (scm_list_4 (
+                       ly_symbol2scm ("push"),
+                       scm_cadr ($2),
+                       $5, $3));
+               $$ = context_spec_music (scm_car ($2), SCM_UNDEFINED, m->unprotect (), SCM_EOL, false);
+       }
+       | OVERRIDE context_prop_spec embedded_scm  embedded_scm '=' scalar {
+               Music *m = property_op_to_music (scm_list_5 (
+                       ly_symbol2scm ("push"),
                        scm_cadr ($2),
-                       $3, $5));
-               $$= context_spec_music (scm_car ($2), SCM_UNDEFINED, $$, SCM_EOL);
+                       $6, $4, $3));
+               $$ = context_spec_music (scm_car ($2), SCM_UNDEFINED, m->unprotect (), SCM_EOL, false);
        }
        | REVERT context_prop_spec embedded_scm {
-               $$ = property_op_to_music (scm_list_3 (
+               Music *m = property_op_to_music (scm_list_3 (
                        ly_symbol2scm ("pop"),
                        scm_cadr ($2),
                        $3));
 
-               $$= context_spec_music (scm_car ($2), SCM_UNDEFINED, $$, SCM_EOL);
+               $$ = context_spec_music (scm_car ($2), SCM_UNDEFINED, m->unprotect (), SCM_EOL, false);
        }
        | SET context_prop_spec '=' scalar {
-               $$ = property_op_to_music (scm_list_3 (
+               Music *m = property_op_to_music (scm_list_3 (
                        ly_symbol2scm ("assign"),
                        scm_cadr ($2),
                        $4));
-               $$= context_spec_music (scm_car ($2), SCM_UNDEFINED, $$, SCM_EOL);
+               $$ = context_spec_music (scm_car ($2), SCM_UNDEFINED, m->unprotect (), SCM_EOL, false);
        }
        | UNSET context_prop_spec {
-               $$ = property_op_to_music (scm_list_2 (
+               Music *m = property_op_to_music (scm_list_2 (
                        ly_symbol2scm ("unset"),
                        scm_cadr ($2)));
-               $$= context_spec_music (scm_car ($2), SCM_UNDEFINED, $$, SCM_EOL);
+               $$ = context_spec_music (scm_car ($2), SCM_UNDEFINED, m->unprotect (), SCM_EOL, false);
        }
        | ONCE music_property_def {
-               SCM e = $2->get_property ("element");
+               Music *m = unsmob_music ($2);
+               SCM e = m->get_property ("element");
                 unsmob_music (e)->set_property ("once", SCM_BOOL_T);
                $$ = $2;
-
        }
        ;
 
@@ -1512,6 +1307,9 @@ simple_string: STRING {
        | LYRICS_STRING {
                $$ = $1;
        }
+       | STRING_IDENTIFIER {
+               $$ = $1;
+       }
        ;
 
 scalar: string {
@@ -1520,8 +1318,8 @@ scalar: string {
        | LYRICS_STRING {
                $$ = $1;
        }
-        | bare_int {
-               $$ = scm_int2num ($1);
+       | bare_number {
+               $$ = $1;
        }
         | embedded_scm {
                $$ = $1;
@@ -1530,7 +1328,7 @@ scalar: string {
                $$ = $1;
        }
        | DIGIT {
-               $$ = scm_int2num ($1);
+               $$ = scm_from_int ($1);
        }
        ;
 
@@ -1558,19 +1356,21 @@ pre_events: /* empty */
 
 event_chord:
        pre_events simple_element post_events   {
-               SCM elts = $2-> get_property ("elements");
+               Music *m = unsmob_music ($2);
+               m->protect ();
+               SCM elts = m->get_property ("elements");
 
                elts = ly_append2 (elts, scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL));
 
-               $2->set_property ("elements", elts);
+               m->set_property ("elements", elts);
                /* why is this giving wrong start location? -ns
                 * $2->set_spot (@$); */
                Input i;
                i.set_location (@2, @3);
-               $2->set_spot (i);
-               $$ = $2;
+               m->set_spot (i);
+               $$ = m->unprotect ();
        }
-       | command_element
+       | command_element { $$ = $1; }
        | note_chord_element
        ;
 
@@ -1578,17 +1378,18 @@ event_chord:
 note_chord_element:
        chord_body optional_notemode_duration post_events
        {
+               Music *m = unsmob_music ($1);
                SCM dur = unsmob_duration ($2)->smobbed_copy ();
-               SCM es = $1->get_property ("elements");
+               SCM es = m->get_property ("elements");
                SCM postevs = scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL);
-
+               
                for (SCM s = es; scm_is_pair (s); s = scm_cdr (s))
                  unsmob_music (scm_car (s))->set_property ("duration", dur);
                es = ly_append2 (es, postevs);
 
-               $1-> set_property ("elements", es);
-               $1->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = $1;
+               m-> set_property ("elements", es);
+               m->set_spot (@$);
+               $$ = m->self_scm ();
        }
        ;
 
@@ -1607,18 +1408,18 @@ simul_close: DOUBLE_ANGLE_CLOSE
 chord_body:
        chord_open chord_body_elements chord_close
        {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
-               $$->set_property ("elements",
+               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
+               m->set_spot (@$);
+               m->set_property ("elements",
                        scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
+               $$ = m->unprotect ();
        }
        ;
 
 chord_body_elements:
        /* empty */             { $$ = SCM_EOL; }
        | chord_body_elements chord_body_element {
-               $$ = scm_cons ($2->self_scm (), $1);
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($2->self_scm ());
+               $$ = scm_cons ($2, $1);
        }
        ;
 
@@ -1645,11 +1446,10 @@ chord_body_element:
                if (scm_is_number (check))
                {
                        int q = scm_to_int (check);
-                       n->set_property ("absolute-octave", scm_int2num (q-1));
+                       n->set_property ("absolute-octave", scm_from_int (q-1));
                }
 
-               
-               $$ = n;
+               $$ = n->unprotect ();
        }
        | DRUM_PITCH post_events {
                Music *n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent");
@@ -1661,139 +1461,152 @@ chord_body_element:
                        SCM arts = scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL);
                        n->set_property ("articulations", arts);
                }
-               $$ = n;
+               $$ = n->unprotect ();
+       }
+       | music_function_chord_body { 
+               Music *m = run_music_function (PARSER, $1);
+               m->set_spot (@$);
+               $$ = m->unprotect ();
        }
        ;
 
-add_quote:
-       ADDQUOTE string Music {
-               SCM adder = ly_lily_module_constant ("add-quotable");
-               
-               scm_call_2 (adder, $2, $3->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($3->self_scm ());
+music_function_chord_body:
+       MUSIC_FUNCTION {
+               $$ = scm_list_2 ($1, make_input (@$));
+       }
+       | music_function_musicless_prefix chord_body_element {
+               $$ = ly_append2 ($1, scm_list_1 ($2));
        }
        ;
 
-command_element:
-       command_req {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
-               $$->set_property ("elements", scm_cons ($1->self_scm (), SCM_EOL));
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($1->self_scm ());
+music_function_event:
+       music_function_musicless_prefix post_event {
+               $$ = ly_append2 ($1, scm_list_1 ($2));
+       }
+       ;
+
+/*
+TODO: use code generation for this
+*/
+music_function_musicless_prefix:
+       MUSIC_FUNCTION_MUSIC {
+               $$ = scm_list_2 ($1, make_input (@$));
+       }
+       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_MUSIC function_scm_argument { 
+               $$ = scm_list_3 ($1, make_input (@$), $2);
+       }
+       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM_MUSIC function_scm_argument function_scm_argument {
+               $$ = scm_list_4 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3);
+       }
+       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM_SCM_MUSIC function_scm_argument function_scm_argument function_scm_argument {
+               $$ = scm_list_5 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3, $4);
+       }
+       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM_SCM_SCM_MUSIC function_scm_argument function_scm_argument function_scm_argument function_scm_argument {
+               $$ = scm_list_n ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3, $4, $5, SCM_UNDEFINED);
+       }
+       ;
 
-               $$-> set_spot (@$);
-               $1-> set_spot (@$);
+
+command_element:
+       command_event {
+               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
+               m->set_property ("elements", scm_cons ($1, SCM_EOL));
+               Music *e = unsmob_music ($1);
+               e-> set_spot (@$);
+               m-> set_spot (@$);
+               $$ = m->unprotect ();
        }
        | SKIP duration_length {
                Music *skip = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("SkipMusic");
                skip->set_property ("duration", $2);
                skip->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = skip;
-       }
-       | OCTAVE pitch {
-               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("RelativeOctaveCheck");
-               $$ = m;
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
-               $$->set_property ("pitch", $2);
+               $$ = skip->unprotect ();
        }
        | E_BRACKET_OPEN {
                Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("LigatureEvent");
-               m->set_property ("span-direction", scm_int2num (START));
+               m->set_property ("span-direction", scm_from_int (START));
                m->set_spot (@$);
 
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
-               $$->set_property ("elements", scm_cons (m->self_scm (), SCM_EOL));
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (m->self_scm ());
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
+               Music *chord = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
+               chord->set_property ("elements", scm_cons (m->self_scm (), SCM_EOL));
+               m->unprotect();
+               chord->set_spot (@$);
+               $$ = chord->unprotect ();
        }
        | E_BRACKET_CLOSE {
                Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("LigatureEvent");
-               m->set_property ("span-direction", scm_int2num (STOP));
+               m->set_property ("span-direction", scm_from_int (STOP));
                m->set_spot (@$);
 
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
-               $$->set_property ("elements", scm_cons (m->self_scm (), SCM_EOL));
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (m->self_scm ());
+               Music *chord = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
+               chord->set_property ("elements", scm_cons (m->self_scm (), SCM_EOL));
+               chord->set_spot (@$);
+               m->unprotect ();
+               $$ = chord->unprotect ();
        }
        | E_BACKSLASH {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("VoiceSeparator");
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
+               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("VoiceSeparator");
+               m->set_spot (@$);
+               $$ = m->unprotect ();
        }
        | '|'      {
-               SCM pipe = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pipeSymbol");
+               SCM pipe = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pipeSymbol");
 
-               if (Music * m = unsmob_music (pipe))
-                       $$ = m->clone ();
+               Music *m = unsmob_music (pipe);
+               if (m)
+                       m = m->clone ();
                else
-                       $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("BarCheck");
+                       m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("BarCheck");
 
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
+               m->set_spot (@$);
+               $$ = m->unprotect ();
        }
        | TRANSPOSITION pitch {
                Pitch middle_c;
                Pitch sounds_as_c = pitch_interval (*unsmob_pitch ($2), middle_c);
-               $$ = set_property_music (ly_symbol2scm ("instrumentTransposition"),
+               Music *m = set_property_music (ly_symbol2scm ("instrumentTransposition"),
                                         sounds_as_c.smobbed_copy());
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
+               m->set_spot (@$);
                $$ = context_spec_music (ly_symbol2scm ("Staff"), SCM_UNDEFINED,
-                       $$, SCM_EOL);
-       }
-       | BAR STRING                    {
-               Music *t = set_property_music (ly_symbol2scm ("whichBar"), $2);
-
-               Music *csm = context_spec_music (ly_symbol2scm ("Timing"), SCM_UNDEFINED,
-                                       t, SCM_EOL);
-               $$ = context_spec_music (ly_symbol2scm ("Score"), SCM_UNDEFINED, csm, SCM_EOL);
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
-               t->set_spot (@$);
+                       m->unprotect (), SCM_EOL, false);
        }
        | PARTIAL duration_length       {
                Moment m = - unsmob_duration ($2)->get_length ();
                Music *p = set_property_music (ly_symbol2scm ( "measurePosition"),m.smobbed_copy ());
                p->set_spot (@$);
-               p = context_spec_music (ly_symbol2scm ("Timing"), SCM_UNDEFINED,
-                                       p, SCM_EOL);
-               p = context_spec_music (ly_symbol2scm ("Score"), SCM_UNDEFINED,
-                                       p, SCM_EOL);
-               $$ = p;
+               SCM ps = p->unprotect ();
+               ps = context_spec_music (ly_symbol2scm ("Timing"), SCM_UNDEFINED,
+                                       ps, SCM_EOL, false);
+               $$ = context_spec_music (ly_symbol2scm ("Score"), SCM_UNDEFINED,
+                                       ps, SCM_EOL, false);
        }
-       | CLEF STRING  {
-               SCM proc = ly_lily_module_constant ("make-clef-set");
 
-               SCM result = scm_call_1 (proc, $2);
-               scm_gc_protect_object (result);
-               $$ = unsmob_music (result);
-       }
        | TIME_T fraction  {
                SCM proc = ly_lily_module_constant ("make-time-signature-set");
 
-               SCM result = scm_apply_2   (proc, scm_car ($2), scm_cdr ($2), SCM_EOL);
-               scm_gc_protect_object (result);
-               $$ = unsmob_music (result);
+               $$ = scm_apply_2   (proc, scm_car ($2), scm_cdr ($2), SCM_EOL);
        }
        | MARK scalar {
                SCM proc = ly_lily_module_constant ("make-mark-set");
 
-               SCM result = scm_call_1 (proc, $2);
-               scm_gc_protect_object (result);
-               $$ = unsmob_music (result);
+               $$ = scm_call_1 (proc, $2);
        }
        ;
 
-command_req:
+command_event:
        E_TILDE {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("PesOrFlexaEvent");
+               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("PesOrFlexaEvent")->unprotect ();
        }
        | MARK DEFAULT  {
                Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("MarkEvent");
-               $$ = m;
+               $$ = m->unprotect ();
        }
        | tempo_event {
                $$ = $1;
        }
        | KEY DEFAULT {
                Music *key = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("KeyChangeEvent");
-               $$ = key;
+               $$ = key->unprotect ();
        }
        | KEY NOTENAME_PITCH SCM_IDENTIFIER     {
 
@@ -1804,10 +1617,10 @@ command_req:
                        key->set_property ("tonic", Pitch (0, 0, 0).smobbed_copy ());
                        key->transpose (* unsmob_pitch ($2));
                } else {
-                       THIS->parser_error (@3, _ ("second argument must be pitch list"));
+                       PARSER->parser_error (@3, _ ("second argument must be pitch list"));
                }
 
-               $$ = key;
+               $$ = key->unprotect ();
        }
        ;
 
@@ -1817,48 +1630,44 @@ post_events:
                $$ = SCM_EOL;
        }
        | post_events post_event {
-               $2->set_spot (@2);
-               $$ = scm_cons ($2->self_scm (), $$);
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($2->self_scm ());
-       }
-       | post_events tagged_post_event {
-               $2 -> set_spot (@2);
-               $$ = scm_cons ($2->self_scm (), $$);
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($2->self_scm ());
-       }
-       ;
-
-
-tagged_post_event:
-       '-' TAG embedded_scm post_event {
-               tag_music ($4, $3, @$);
-               $$ = $4;
+               unsmob_music ($2)->set_spot (@2);
+               $$ = scm_cons ($2, $$);
        }
        ;
-
-
+       
 post_event:
        direction_less_event {
                $$ = $1;
        }
+       | '-' music_function_event {
+               Music *mus = run_music_function (PARSER, $2);
+               mus->set_spot (@1);
+               $$ = mus->unprotect ();
+       }
        | HYPHEN {
-               if (!THIS->lexer_->is_lyric_state ())
-                       THIS->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Lyric mode for lyrics"));
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("HyphenEvent");
+               if (!PARSER->lexer_->is_lyric_state ())
+                       PARSER->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Lyric mode for lyrics"));
+               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("HyphenEvent")->unprotect ();
        }
        | EXTENDER {
-               if (!THIS->lexer_->is_lyric_state ())
-                       THIS->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Lyric mode for lyrics"));
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("ExtenderEvent");
+               if (!PARSER->lexer_->is_lyric_state ())
+                       PARSER->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Lyric mode for lyrics"));
+               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("ExtenderEvent")->unprotect ();
        }
        | script_dir direction_reqd_event {
                if ($1)
-                       $2->set_property ("direction", scm_int2num ($1));
+               {
+                       Music *m = unsmob_music ($2);
+                       m->set_property ("direction", scm_from_int ($1));
+               }
                $$ = $2;
        }
        | script_dir direction_less_event {
                if ($1)
-                       $2->set_property ("direction", scm_int2num ($1));
+               {
+                       Music *m = unsmob_music ($2);
+                       m->set_property ("direction", scm_from_int ($1));
+               }
                $$ = $2;
        }
        | string_number_event
@@ -1867,9 +1676,9 @@ post_event:
 string_number_event:
        E_UNSIGNED {
                Music *s = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("StringNumberEvent");
-               s->set_property ("string-number", scm_int2num ($1));
+               s->set_property ("string-number", scm_from_int ($1));
                s->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = s;
+               $$ = s->unprotect ();
        }
        ;
 
@@ -1908,8 +1717,8 @@ direction_less_char:
 
 direction_less_event:
        direction_less_char {
-               SCM predefd = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier_symbol ($1);
-               Music * m = 0;
+               SCM predefd = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier_symbol ($1);
+               Music *m = 0;
                if (unsmob_music (predefd))
                {
                        m = unsmob_music (predefd)->clone ();
@@ -1919,16 +1728,16 @@ direction_less_event:
                        m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("Music");
                }
                m->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = m;         
+               $$ = m->unprotect ();
        }
        | EVENT_IDENTIFIER      {
-               $$ = unsmob_music ($1);
+               $$ = $1;
        }
        | tremolo_type  {
                Music *a = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TremoloEvent");
                a->set_spot (@$);
-               a->set_property ("tremolo-type", scm_int2num ($1));
-               $$ = a;
+               a->set_property ("tremolo-type", scm_from_int ($1));
+               $$ = a->unprotect ();
         }
        ;       
        
@@ -1937,20 +1746,20 @@ direction_reqd_event:
                $$ = $1;
        }
        | script_abbreviation {
-               SCM s = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("dash" + ly_scm2string ($1));
+               SCM s = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("dash" + ly_scm2string ($1));
                Music *a = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("ArticulationEvent");
                if (scm_is_string (s))
                        a->set_property ("articulation-type", s);
-               else THIS->parser_error (@1, _ ("expecting string as script definition"));
-               $$ = a;
+               else PARSER->parser_error (@1, _ ("expecting string as script definition"));
+               $$ = a->unprotect ();
        }
        ;
 
 octave_check:
        /**/ { $$ = SCM_EOL; }
-       | '='  { $$ = scm_int2num (0); }
-       | '=' sub_quotes { $$ = scm_int2num ($2); }
-       | '=' sup_quotes { $$ = scm_int2num ($2); }
+       | '='  { $$ = scm_from_int (0); }
+       | '=' sub_quotes { $$ = scm_from_int ($2); }
+       | '=' sup_quotes { $$ = scm_from_int ($2); }
        ;
 
 sup_quotes:
@@ -2024,21 +1833,20 @@ gen_text_def:
                Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TextScriptEvent");
                t->set_property ("text", $1);
                t->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = t
+               $$ = t->unprotect ();
        }
        | string {
                Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TextScriptEvent");
                t->set_property ("text",
                        make_simple_markup ($1));
                t->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = t;
-       
+               $$ = t->unprotect ();
        }
        | DIGIT {
                Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("FingerEvent");
-               t->set_property ("digit", scm_int2num ($1));
+               t->set_property ("digit", scm_from_int ($1));
                t->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = t;
+               $$ = t->unprotect ();
        }
        ;
 
@@ -2087,16 +1895,12 @@ duration_length:
 
 optional_notemode_duration:
        {
-               Duration dd = THIS->default_duration_;
+               Duration dd = PARSER->default_duration_;
                $$ = dd.smobbed_copy ();
-
-               THIS->beam_check ($$);
        }
        | multiplied_duration   {
                $$ = $1;
-               THIS->default_duration_ = *unsmob_duration ($$);
-
-               THIS->beam_check ($$);
+               PARSER->default_duration_ = *unsmob_duration ($$);
        }
        ;
 
@@ -2104,7 +1908,7 @@ steno_duration:
        bare_unsigned dots              {
                int len = 0;
                if (!is_duration ($1))
-                       THIS->parser_error (@1, _f ("not a duration: %d", $1));
+                       PARSER->parser_error (@1, _f ("not a duration: %d", $1));
                else
                        len = intlog2 ($1);
 
@@ -2135,7 +1939,7 @@ multiplied_duration:
 fraction:
        FRACTION { $$ = $1; }
        | UNSIGNED '/' UNSIGNED {
-               $$ = scm_cons (scm_int2num ($1), scm_int2num ($3));
+               $$ = scm_cons (scm_from_int ($1), scm_from_int ($3));
        }
        ;
 
@@ -2154,27 +1958,23 @@ tremolo_type:
        }
        | ':' bare_unsigned {
                if (!is_duration ($2))
-                       THIS->parser_error (@2, _f ("not a duration: %d", $2));
+                       PARSER->parser_error (@2, _f ("not a duration: %d", $2));
                $$ = $2;
        }
        ;
 
 bass_number:
        DIGIT   {
-               $$ = scm_number_to_string (scm_int2num ($1), scm_int2num (10));
-               $$ = scm_list_2 (ly_lily_module_constant ("number-markup"),
-                               $$);
+               $$ = scm_from_int ($1);
        }
        | UNSIGNED {
-               $$ = scm_number_to_string (scm_int2num ($1), scm_int2num (10));
-               $$ = scm_list_2 (ly_lily_module_constant ("number-markup"),
-                               $$);
+               $$ = scm_from_int ($1);
        }
        | STRING { $$ = $1; }
        | full_markup { $$ = $1; }
        ;
 
-bass_mod:
+figured_bass_alteration:
        '-'     { $$ = -2; }
        | '+'   { $$ = 2; }
        | '!'   { $$ = 0; }
@@ -2184,40 +1984,73 @@ bass_figure:
        FIGURE_SPACE {
                Music *bfr = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("BassFigureEvent");
                $$ = bfr->self_scm ();
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($$);
+               bfr->unprotect ();
+               bfr->set_spot (@1);
        }
        | bass_number  {
                Music *bfr = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("BassFigureEvent");
                $$ = bfr->self_scm ();
 
-               bfr->set_property ("figure", $1);
+               if (scm_is_number ($1))
+                       bfr->set_property ("figure", $1);
+               else if (Text_interface::is_markup ($1))
+                       bfr->set_property ("text", $1);
 
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($$);
+               bfr->unprotect ();
+               bfr->set_spot (@1);
        }
-       | bass_figure bass_mod {
+       | bass_figure ']' {
+               $$ = $1;
+               unsmob_music ($1)->set_property ("bracket-stop", SCM_BOOL_T);
+       }
+       | bass_figure figured_bass_alteration {
                Music *m = unsmob_music ($1);
                if ($2) {
                        SCM salter = m->get_property ("alteration");
                        int alter = scm_is_number (salter) ? scm_to_int (salter) : 0;
                        m->set_property ("alteration",
-                               scm_int2num (alter + $2));
+                               scm_from_int (alter + $2));
                } else {
-                       m->set_property ("alteration", scm_int2num (0));
+                       m->set_property ("alteration", scm_from_int (0));
                }
        }
+       | bass_figure figured_bass_modification  {
+               Music *m = unsmob_music ($1);
+               if ($2 == ly_symbol2scm ("plus"))
+                       {
+                       m->set_property ("augmented", SCM_BOOL_T);
+                       }
+               else if ($2 == ly_symbol2scm ("slash"))
+                       {
+                       m->set_property ("diminished", SCM_BOOL_T);
+                       }
+               else if ($2 == ly_symbol2scm ("exclamation"))
+                       {
+                       m->set_property ("no-continuation", SCM_BOOL_T);
+                       }
+       }
        ;
 
-br_bass_figure:
-       '[' bass_figure {
-               $$ = $2;
-               unsmob_music ($$)->set_property ("bracket-start", SCM_BOOL_T);
+
+figured_bass_modification:
+       E_PLUS          {
+               $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("plus");
        }
-       | bass_figure   {
-               $$ = $1;
+       | E_EXCLAMATION {
+               $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("exclamation");
        }
-       | br_bass_figure ']' {
+       | '/'           {
+               $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("slash");
+       }
+       ;
+
+br_bass_figure:
+       bass_figure {
                $$ = $1;
-               unsmob_music ($1)->set_property ("bracket-stop", SCM_BOOL_T);
+       }
+       | '[' bass_figure {
+               $$ = $2;
+               unsmob_music ($$)->set_property ("bracket-start", SCM_BOOL_T);
        }
        ;
 
@@ -2247,8 +2080,8 @@ optional_rest:
 
 simple_element:
        pitch exclamations questions octave_check optional_notemode_duration optional_rest {
-               if (!THIS->lexer_->is_note_state ())
-                       THIS->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Note mode for notes"));
+               if (!PARSER->lexer_->is_note_state ())
+                       PARSER->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Note mode for notes"));
 
                Music *n = 0;
                if ($6)
@@ -2262,7 +2095,7 @@ simple_element:
                if (scm_is_number ($4))
                {
                        int q = scm_to_int ($4);
-                       n->set_property ("absolute-octave", scm_int2num (q-1));
+                       n->set_property ("absolute-octave", scm_from_int (q-1));
                }
 
                if ($3 % 2)
@@ -2272,11 +2105,11 @@ simple_element:
 
                Music *v = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
                v->set_property ("elements", scm_list_1 (n->self_scm ()));
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (n->self_scm ());
+               n->unprotect ();
 
                v->set_spot (@$);
                n->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = v;
+               $$ = v->unprotect ();
        }
        | DRUM_PITCH optional_notemode_duration {
                Music *n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent");
@@ -2285,10 +2118,10 @@ simple_element:
 
                Music *v = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
                v->set_property ("elements", scm_list_1 (n->self_scm ()));
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (n->self_scm ());
+               n->unprotect ();
                v->set_spot (@$);
                n->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = v;
+               $$ = v->unprotect ();
                
        }
        | figure_spec optional_notemode_duration {
@@ -2298,7 +2131,7 @@ simple_element:
                {
                        unsmob_music (scm_car (s))->set_property ("duration", $2);
                }
-               $$ = m;
+               $$ = m->unprotect ();
        }       
        | RESTNAME optional_notemode_duration           {
                Music *ev = 0;
@@ -2316,34 +2149,31 @@ simple_element:
                velt->set_property ("elements", scm_list_1 (ev->self_scm ()));
                velt->set_spot (@$);
 
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (ev->self_scm ());
+               ev->unprotect();
 
-               $$ = velt;
+               $$ = velt->unprotect ();
        }
        | MULTI_MEASURE_REST optional_notemode_duration         {
                SCM proc = ly_lily_module_constant ("make-multi-measure-rest");
-               SCM mus = scm_call_2 (proc, $2, make_input (@$));
-               scm_gc_protect_object (mus);
-               $$ = unsmob_music (mus);
+               $$ = scm_call_2 (proc, $2, make_input (@$));
        }
-       
        | lyric_element optional_notemode_duration      {
-               if (!THIS->lexer_->is_lyric_state ())
-                       THIS->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Lyric mode for lyrics"));
+               if (!PARSER->lexer_->is_lyric_state ())
+                       PARSER->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Lyric mode for lyrics"));
 
-               Music *lreq = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("LyricEvent");
-               lreq->set_property ("text", $1);
-               lreq->set_property ("duration",$2);
-               lreq->set_spot (@$);
+               Music *levent = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("LyricEvent");
+               levent->set_property ("text", $1);
+               levent->set_property ("duration",$2);
+               levent->set_spot (@$);
                Music *velt = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
-               velt->set_property ("elements", scm_list_1 (lreq->self_scm ()));
+               velt->set_property ("elements", scm_list_1 (levent->self_scm ()));
 
-               $$= velt;
+               $$= velt->unprotect ();
        }
        | new_chord {
-                if (!THIS->lexer_->is_chord_state ())
-                        THIS->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Chord mode for chords"));
-                $$ = unsmob_music ($1);
+                if (!PARSER->lexer_->is_chord_state ())
+                        PARSER->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Chord mode for chords"));
+                $$ = $1;
        }
        ;
 
@@ -2352,7 +2182,7 @@ lyric_element:
                $$ = $1;
        }
        | LYRICS_STRING {
-               $$ = make_simple_markup ($1);
+               $$ = $1;
        }
        ;
 
@@ -2459,7 +2289,7 @@ number_factor:
 
 bare_number:
        UNSIGNED        {
-               $$ = scm_int2num ($1);
+               $$ = scm_from_int ($1);
        }
        | REAL          {
                $$ = $1;
@@ -2468,10 +2298,10 @@ bare_number:
                $$ = $1;
        }
        | REAL NUMBER_IDENTIFIER        {
-               $$ = scm_make_real (scm_to_double ($1) *scm_to_double ($2));
+               $$ = scm_from_double (scm_to_double ($1) *scm_to_double ($2));
        }
        | UNSIGNED NUMBER_IDENTIFIER    {
-               $$ = scm_make_real ($1 *scm_to_double ($2));
+               $$ = scm_from_double ($1 *scm_to_double ($2));
        }
        ;
 
@@ -2485,23 +2315,6 @@ bare_unsigned:
        }
        ;
 
-bare_int:
-       bare_number {
-               if (scm_integer_p ($1) == SCM_BOOL_T)
-               {
-                       int k = scm_to_int ($1);
-                       $$ = k;
-               } else
-               {
-                       THIS->parser_error (@1, _ ("need integer number arg"));
-                       $$ = 0;
-               }
-       }
-       | '-' bare_int {
-               $$ = -$2;
-       }
-       ;
-
 exclamations:
                { $$ = 0; }
        | exclamations '!'      { $$ ++; }
@@ -2521,10 +2334,10 @@ lyric_markup:
                $$ = $1;
        }
        | LYRIC_MARKUP
-               { THIS->lexer_->push_markup_state (); }
+               { PARSER->lexer_->push_markup_state (); }
        markup_top {
                $$ = $3;
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->pop_state ();
        }
        ;
 
@@ -2533,10 +2346,10 @@ full_markup:
                $$ = $1;
        }
        | MARKUP
-               { THIS->lexer_->push_markup_state (); }
+               { PARSER->lexer_->push_markup_state (); }
        markup_top {
                $$ = $3;
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->pop_state ();
        }
        ;
 
@@ -2619,13 +2432,13 @@ simple_markup:
                $$ = $1;
        }
        | SCORE {
-               SCM nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
-               THIS->lexer_->push_note_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
+               SCM nn = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
+               PARSER->lexer_->push_note_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
        } '{' score_body '}' {
                Score * sc = $4;
                $$ = scm_list_2 (ly_lily_module_constant ("score-markup"), sc->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (sc->self_scm ());
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               sc->unprotect ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->pop_state ();
        }
        | MARKUP_HEAD_SCM0 embedded_scm {
                $$ = scm_list_2 ($1, $2);
@@ -2674,28 +2487,6 @@ Lily_parser::do_yyparse ()
 }
 
 
-/* FIXME: Should make this optional?  It will also complain at
-
-       [s4]
-
-which is entirely legitimate.
-
-Or we can scrap it.  Barchecks should detect wrong durations, and
-skipTypesetting speeds it up a lot.  */
-
-void
-Lily_parser::beam_check (SCM dur)
-{
-  Duration *d = unsmob_duration (dur);
-  if (unsmob_music (last_beam_start_) && d->duration_log () <= 2)
-    {
-      Music *m = unsmob_music (last_beam_start_);
-      m->origin ()->warning (_f ("suspect duration in beam: %s",
-      d->to_string ()));
-    }
-  last_beam_start_ = SCM_EOL;
-}
-
 
 
 
@@ -2711,6 +2502,9 @@ Lily_lexer::try_special_identifiers (SCM *destination, SCM sid)
        if (scm_is_string (sid)) {
                *destination = sid;
                return STRING_IDENTIFIER;
+       } else if (unsmob_book (sid)) {
+               *destination = unsmob_book (sid)->clone ()->self_scm ();
+               return BOOK_IDENTIFIER;
        } else if (scm_is_number (sid)) {
                *destination = sid;
                return NUMBER_IDENTIFIER;
@@ -2726,8 +2520,11 @@ Lily_lexer::try_special_identifiers (SCM *destination, SCM sid)
                *destination = mus->self_scm ();
                unsmob_music (*destination)->
                        set_property ("origin", make_input (last_input_));
-               return dynamic_cast<Event*> (mus)
-                       ? EVENT_IDENTIFIER : MUSIC_IDENTIFIER;
+
+               bool is_event = scm_memq (ly_symbol2scm ("event"), mus->get_property ("types"))
+                       != SCM_BOOL_F;
+
+               return is_event ? EVENT_IDENTIFIER : MUSIC_IDENTIFIER;
        } else if (unsmob_duration (sid)) {
                *destination = unsmob_duration (sid)->smobbed_copy ();
                return DURATION_IDENTIFIER;
@@ -2737,7 +2534,7 @@ Lily_lexer::try_special_identifiers (SCM *destination, SCM sid)
 
                *destination = p->self_scm ();
                return OUTPUT_DEF_IDENTIFIER;
-       } else if (Text_interface::markup_p (sid)) {
+       } else if (Text_interface::is_markup (sid)) {
                *destination = sid;
                if (is_lyric_state ())
                        return LYRIC_MARKUP_IDENTIFIER;
@@ -2755,7 +2552,7 @@ property_op_to_music (SCM op)
        SCM symbol = scm_cadr (op);
        SCM args = scm_cddr (op);
        SCM grob_val = SCM_UNDEFINED;
-       SCM grob_sym = SCM_UNDEFINED;
+       SCM grob_path = SCM_UNDEFINED;
        SCM val = SCM_UNDEFINED;
        
        if (tag == ly_symbol2scm ("assign"))
@@ -2765,16 +2562,16 @@ property_op_to_music (SCM op)
                }
        else if (tag == ly_symbol2scm ("unset"))
                m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("PropertyUnset");
-       else if (tag == ly_symbol2scm ("poppush")
-                || tag == ly_symbol2scm ("push"))
+       else if (tag == ly_symbol2scm ("push"))
                {
                m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("OverrideProperty");
-               grob_sym = scm_car (args);
-               grob_val = scm_cadr (args);
+               grob_val = scm_car (args);
+               grob_path = scm_cdr (args);
+               m->set_property ("pop-first", SCM_BOOL_T);
                }
        else if (tag == ly_symbol2scm ("pop")) {
                m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("RevertProperty");
-               grob_sym = scm_car (args);
+               grob_path = args;
                }
 
        m->set_property ("symbol", symbol);
@@ -2783,42 +2580,28 @@ property_op_to_music (SCM op)
                m->set_property ("value", val);
        if (grob_val != SCM_UNDEFINED)
                m->set_property ("grob-value", grob_val);
-
-       if (grob_sym != SCM_UNDEFINED)
-               {
-               bool itc = do_internal_type_checking_global;
-               /* UGH.
-               */
-               bool autobeam = ly_c_equal_p (symbol, ly_symbol2scm ("autoBeamSettings"));
-               if (autobeam)
-                       do_internal_type_checking_global = false;
-               m->set_property ("grob-property", grob_sym);
-               if (autobeam)
-                       do_internal_type_checking_global = itc;
-               }
-
-       if (tag == ly_symbol2scm ("poppush"))
-               m->set_property ("pop-first", SCM_BOOL_T);
-
+       if (grob_path != SCM_UNDEFINED)
+               m->set_property ("grob-property-path", grob_path);
 
        return m;
 }
 
-Music*
-context_spec_music (SCM type, SCM id, Music *m, SCM ops)
+SCM
+context_spec_music (SCM type, SCM id, SCM m, SCM ops, bool create_new)
 {
        Music *csm = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("ContextSpeccedMusic");
 
-       csm->set_property ("element", m->self_scm ());
-       scm_gc_unprotect_object (m->self_scm ());
+       csm->set_property ("element", m);
 
        csm->set_property ("context-type",
                scm_is_symbol (type) ? type : scm_string_to_symbol (type));
        csm->set_property ("property-operations", ops);
+       if (create_new)
+               csm->set_property ("create-new", SCM_BOOL_T);
 
        if (scm_is_string (id))
                csm->set_property ("context-id", id);
-       return csm;
+       return csm->unprotect ();
 }
 
 SCM
@@ -2833,6 +2616,175 @@ get_next_unique_lyrics_context_id ()
 {
        static int new_context_count;
        char s[128];
-       snprintf (s, 1024, "uniqueContext%d", new_context_count++);
+       snprintf (s, sizeof (s)-1, "uniqueContext%d", new_context_count++);
        return scm_makfrom0str (s);
 }
+
+
+Music *
+run_music_function (Lily_parser *parser, SCM expr)
+{
+       SCM func = scm_car (expr);
+       Input *loc = unsmob_input (scm_cadr (expr));
+       SCM args = scm_cddr (expr);
+       SCM sig = scm_object_property (func, ly_symbol2scm ("music-function-signature"));
+
+       SCM type_check_proc = ly_lily_module_constant ("type-check-list");
+       bool ok  = true;
+
+       if (!to_boolean (scm_call_3  (type_check_proc, scm_cadr (expr), sig, args)))
+       {
+               parser->error_level_ = 1;
+               ok = false;
+       }
+
+       SCM m = SCM_EOL;
+       if (ok)
+               m = scm_apply_0 (func, scm_cons (parser->self_scm(),
+                                                scm_cdr (expr)));
+
+
+       Music* retval = 0;
+       if (unsmob_music (m))
+               {
+               retval = unsmob_music (m);
+               retval->protect ();
+               }
+       else
+               {
+               if (ok)
+                       loc->error (_ ("music head function must return Music object")); 
+               retval = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("Music");
+               }
+       retval->set_spot (*loc);
+       return retval;
+}
+
+bool
+is_regular_identifier (SCM id)
+{
+  string str = ly_scm2string (id);
+  char const *s = str.c_str ();
+
+  bool v = true;
+#if 0
+  isalpha (*s);
+  s++;
+#endif
+  while (*s && v)
+   {
+        v = v && isalnum (*s);
+        s++;
+   }
+  return v;
+}
+
+
+SCM
+get_first_context_id (SCM type, Music *m)
+{
+       SCM id = m->get_property ("context-id");
+       if (SCM_BOOL_T == scm_equal_p (m->get_property ("context-type"), type)
+           && scm_is_string (m->get_property ("context-id"))
+           && scm_c_string_length (id) > 0)
+       {
+               return id;
+       }
+       return SCM_EOL;
+}
+
+SCM
+make_simple_markup (SCM a)
+{
+       return a;
+}
+
+bool
+is_duration (int t)
+{
+  return t && t == 1 << intlog2 (t);
+}
+
+void
+set_music_properties (Music *p, SCM a)
+{
+  for (SCM k = a; scm_is_pair (k); k = scm_cdr (k))
+       p->internal_set_property (scm_caar (k), scm_cdar (k));
+}
+
+
+SCM
+make_chord_step (int step, int alter)
+{
+       if (step == 7)
+               alter += FLAT;
+
+       while (step < 0)
+               step += 7;
+       Pitch m ((step -1) / 7, (step - 1) % 7, alter);
+       return m.smobbed_copy ();
+}
+
+
+SCM
+make_chord (SCM pitch, SCM dur, SCM modification_list)
+{
+       SCM chord_ctor = ly_lily_module_constant ("construct-chord");
+       SCM ch = scm_call_3 (chord_ctor, pitch, dur, modification_list);
+
+       unsmob_music (ch)->protect();   
+       return ch;
+}
+
+
+/* Todo: actually also use apply iso. call too ...  */
+bool
+ly_input_procedure_p (SCM x)
+{
+       return ly_is_procedure (x)
+               || (scm_is_pair (x) && ly_is_procedure (scm_car (x)));
+}
+
+Music*
+set_property_music (SCM sym, SCM value)
+{
+       Music *p = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("PropertySet");
+       p->set_property ("symbol", sym);
+       p->set_property ("value", value);
+       return p;
+}
+
+SCM
+make_music_relative (Pitch start, SCM music)
+{
+       Music *relative = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("RelativeOctaveMusic");
+       relative->set_property ("element", music);
+       
+       Music *m = unsmob_music (music);
+       Pitch last = m->to_relative_octave (start);
+       if (lily_1_8_relative)
+               m->set_property ("last-pitch", last.smobbed_copy ());
+       return relative->unprotect ();
+}
+
+SCM
+make_lyric_combine_music (SCM name, SCM music)
+{
+       Music *combine = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("LyricCombineMusic");
+       combine->set_property ("element", music);
+       combine->set_property ("associated-context", name);
+       return combine->unprotect ();
+}
+
+
+int
+yylex (YYSTYPE *s, YYLTYPE *loc, void *v)
+{
+       Lily_parser *pars = (Lily_parser*) v;
+       Lily_lexer *lex = pars->lexer_;
+
+       lex->lexval = (void*) s;
+       lex->lexloc = loc;
+       lex->prepare_for_next_token ();
+       return lex->yylex ();
+}