]> git.donarmstrong.com Git - lilypond.git/blobdiff - lily/parser.yy
Fix some bugs in the dynamic engraver and PostScript backend
[lilypond.git] / lily / parser.yy
index 080406a08a83c1600568623e7c020aae12d23ef2..795639ae5b4e12eacfa02285035bd15299c4d65c 100644 (file)
 #define YYERROR_VERBOSE 1
 #define YYPARSE_PARAM my_lily_parser
 #define YYLEX_PARAM my_lily_parser
-#define THIS\
-       ((Lily_parser *) my_lily_parser)
+#define PARSER ((Lily_parser *) my_lily_parser)
 
-#define yyerror THIS->parser_error
+#define yyerror PARSER->parser_error
 
 /* We use custom location type: Input objects */
 #define YYLTYPE Input
@@ -111,8 +110,15 @@ using namespace std;
 
 #define MY_MAKE_MUSIC(x)  make_music_by_name (ly_symbol2scm (x))
 
+/* ES TODO:
+- Don't use lily module, create a new module instead.
+- delay application of the function
+*/
+#define MAKE_SYNTAX(name, location, ...)       \
+  scm_apply_0 (ly_lily_module_constant (name), scm_list_n (make_input (location), __VA_ARGS__, SCM_UNDEFINED));
+
 Music *property_op_to_music (SCM op);
-Music *context_spec_music (SCM type, SCM id, Music *m, SCM ops);
+SCM context_spec_music (SCM type, SCM id, SCM m, SCM ops, bool create_new);
 SCM get_next_unique_context_id ();
 SCM get_next_unique_lyrics_context_id ();
 
@@ -126,8 +132,8 @@ SCM get_next_unique_lyrics_context_id ();
 
 
 
-Music *make_lyric_combine_music (SCM name, Music *music);
-Music *make_music_relative (Pitch start, Music *music);
+SCM make_lyric_combine_music (SCM name, SCM music);
+SCM make_music_relative (Pitch start, SCM music);
 Music *run_music_function (Lily_parser *, SCM expr);
 Music *set_property_music (SCM sym, SCM value);
 SCM get_first_context_id (SCM type, Music *m);
@@ -282,9 +288,12 @@ If we give names, Bison complains.
 %token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM 
 %token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_MUSIC 
 %token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_MUSIC_MUSIC 
+%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM_MUSIC_MUSIC 
 %token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM 
 %token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM_MUSIC 
 %token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM_SCM 
+%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM_SCM_MUSIC 
+%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM_SCM_SCM_MUSIC 
 %token <scm> MUSIC_IDENTIFIER
 %token <scm> NOTENAME_PITCH
 %token <scm> NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
@@ -313,32 +322,33 @@ If we give names, Bison complains.
 %type <i> sup_quotes
 %type <i> tremolo_type
 
-%type <music> Composite_music
-%type <music> Grouped_music_list
-%type <music> Music
-%type <music> Prefix_composite_music
-%type <music> Repeated_music
-%type <music> Sequential_music
-%type <music> Simple_music
-%type <music> Simultaneous_music
-%type <music> chord_body
-%type <music> chord_body_element
-%type <music> command_element
-%type <music> command_event
-%type <music> context_change
-%type <music> direction_less_event
-%type <music> direction_reqd_event
-%type <music> event_chord
-%type <music> gen_text_def
-%type <music> music_property_def
-%type <music> note_chord_element
-%type <music> post_event
-%type <music> re_rhythmed_music
-%type <music> relative_music
-%type <music> simple_element
-%type <music> string_number_event
-%type <music> tempo_event
-%type <music> toplevel_music
+/* Music */
+%type <scm> Composite_music
+%type <scm> Grouped_music_list
+%type <scm> Music
+%type <scm> Prefix_composite_music
+%type <scm> Repeated_music
+%type <scm> Sequential_music
+%type <scm> Simple_music
+%type <scm> Simultaneous_music
+%type <scm> chord_body
+%type <scm> chord_body_element
+%type <scm> command_element
+%type <scm> command_event
+%type <scm> context_change
+%type <scm> direction_less_event
+%type <scm> direction_reqd_event
+%type <scm> event_chord
+%type <scm> gen_text_def
+%type <scm> music_property_def
+%type <scm> note_chord_element
+%type <scm> post_event
+%type <scm> re_rhythmed_music
+%type <scm> relative_music
+%type <scm> simple_element
+%type <scm> string_number_event
+%type <scm> tempo_event
+%type <scm> toplevel_music
 
 %type <outputdef> output_def_body
 %type <outputdef> output_def_head
@@ -354,6 +364,7 @@ If we give names, Bison complains.
 %type <scm> bare_number
 %type <scm> music_function_event
 %type <scm> music_function_chord_body
+%type <scm> music_function_musicless_prefix
 %type <scm> bass_figure
 %type <scm> figured_bass_modification
 %type <scm> br_bass_figure
@@ -399,6 +410,7 @@ If we give names, Bison complains.
 %type <scm> object_id_setting
 %type <scm> octave_check
 %type <scm> optional_context_mod
+%type <scm> optional_id
 %type <scm> optional_notemode_duration
 %type <scm> pitch
 %type <scm> pitch_also_in_chords
@@ -435,10 +447,10 @@ lilypond: /* empty */
        | lilypond assignment {
        }
        | lilypond error {
-               THIS->error_level_ = 1;
+               PARSER->error_level_ = 1;
        }
        | lilypond INVALID      {
-               THIS->error_level_ = 1;
+               PARSER->error_level_ = 1;
        }
        ;
 
@@ -449,33 +461,29 @@ object_id_setting:
 
 toplevel_expression:
        lilypond_header {
-               THIS->lexer_->set_identifier (ly_symbol2scm ("$defaultheader"), $1);
-       }
-       | add_quote {
-       
+               PARSER->lexer_->set_identifier (ly_symbol2scm ("$defaultheader"), $1);
        }
        | book_block {
                Book *book = $1;
-               SCM proc = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-book-handler");
-               scm_call_2 (proc, THIS->self_scm (), book->self_scm ());
+               SCM proc = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-book-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, PARSER->self_scm (), book->self_scm ());
                book->unprotect ();
        }
        | score_block {
                Score *score = $1;
                
-               SCM proc = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-score-handler");
-               scm_call_2 (proc, THIS->self_scm (), score->self_scm ());
+               SCM proc = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-score-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, PARSER->self_scm (), score->self_scm ());
                score->unprotect ();
        }
        | toplevel_music {
-               Music *music = $1;
-               SCM proc = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-music-handler");
-               scm_call_2 (proc, THIS->self_scm (), music->self_scm ());
-               music->unprotect (); 
+               Music *music = unsmob_music ($1);
+               SCM proc = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-music-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, PARSER->self_scm (), music->self_scm ());
        }
        | full_markup {
-               SCM proc = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-text-handler");
-               scm_call_2 (proc, THIS->self_scm (), $1);
+               SCM proc = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-text-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, PARSER->self_scm (), $1);
        }
        | output_def {
                SCM id = SCM_EOL;
@@ -488,7 +496,7 @@ toplevel_expression:
                else if ($1->c_variable ("is-layout") == SCM_BOOL_T)
                        id = ly_symbol2scm ("$defaultlayout");
 
-               THIS->lexer_->set_identifier (id, od->self_scm ());
+               PARSER->lexer_->set_identifier (id, od->self_scm ());
                od->unprotect();
        }
        ;
@@ -506,8 +514,8 @@ embedded_scm:
 
 lilypond_header_body:
        {
-               $$ = get_header(THIS);
-               THIS->lexer_->add_scope ($$);
+               $$ = get_header(PARSER);
+               PARSER->lexer_->add_scope ($$);
        }
        | lilypond_header_body assignment  {
                
@@ -516,7 +524,7 @@ lilypond_header_body:
 
 lilypond_header:
        HEADER '{' lilypond_header_body '}'     {
-               $$ = THIS->lexer_->remove_scope ();
+               $$ = PARSER->lexer_->remove_scope ();
        }
        ;
 
@@ -539,7 +547,7 @@ assignment:
                }
 
 
-               THIS->lexer_->set_identifier ($1, $3);
+               PARSER->lexer_->set_identifier ($1, $3);
 
 /*
  TODO: devise standard for protection in parser.
@@ -570,12 +578,10 @@ identifier_init:
                $$ = $1;
        }
        | Music  {
-               $$ = $1->self_scm ();
-               $1->unprotect();
+               $$ = $1;
        }
        | post_event {
-               $$ = $1->self_scm ();
-               $1->unprotect();
+               $$ = $1;
        }
        | number_expression {
                $$ = $1;
@@ -641,9 +647,9 @@ book_body:
        {
                $$ = new Book;
                $$->set_spot (@$);
-               $$->paper_ = dynamic_cast<Output_def*> (unsmob_output_def (THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("$defaultpaper"))->clone ());
+               $$->paper_ = dynamic_cast<Output_def*> (unsmob_output_def (PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("$defaultpaper"))->clone ());
                $$->paper_->unprotect ();
-               $$->header_ = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("$defaultheader"); 
+               $$->header_ = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("$defaultheader"); 
        }
        | BOOK_IDENTIFIER {
                $$ = unsmob_book ($1);
@@ -681,10 +687,9 @@ score_block:
 
 score_body:
        Music {
-               SCM m = $1->self_scm ();
-               $1->unprotect();
+               SCM m = $1;
                SCM scorify = ly_lily_module_constant ("scorify-music");
-               SCM score = scm_call_2 (scorify, m, THIS->self_scm ());
+               SCM score = scm_call_2 (scorify, m, PARSER->self_scm ());
 
                // pass ownernship to C++ again.
                $$ = unsmob_score (score);
@@ -704,7 +709,7 @@ score_body:
        | score_body output_def {
                if ($2->lookup_variable (ly_symbol2scm ("is-paper")) == SCM_BOOL_T)
                {
-                       THIS->parser_error (@2, _("\\paper cannot be used in \\score, use \\layout instead"));
+                       PARSER->parser_error (@2, _("\\paper cannot be used in \\score, use \\layout instead"));
                
                }
                else
@@ -728,8 +733,8 @@ paper_block:
                $$ = $1;
                if ($$->lookup_variable (ly_symbol2scm ("is-paper")) != SCM_BOOL_T)
                {
-                       THIS->parser_error (@1, _ ("need \\paper for paper block"));
-                       $$ = get_paper (THIS);
+                       PARSER->parser_error (@1, _ ("need \\paper for paper block"));
+                       $$ = get_paper (PARSER);
                }
        }
        ;
@@ -739,33 +744,33 @@ output_def:
        output_def_body '}' {
                $$ = $1;
 
-               THIS->lexer_->remove_scope ();
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->remove_scope ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->pop_state ();
        }
        ;
 
 output_def_head:
        PAPER {
-               $$ = get_paper (THIS);
+               $$ = get_paper (PARSER);
                $$->input_origin_ = @$;
-               THIS->lexer_->add_scope ($$->scope_);
+               PARSER->lexer_->add_scope ($$->scope_);
        }
        | MIDI    {
-               Output_def *p = get_midi (THIS);
+               Output_def *p = get_midi (PARSER);
                $$ = p;
-               THIS->lexer_->add_scope (p->scope_);
+               PARSER->lexer_->add_scope (p->scope_);
        }
        | LAYOUT        {
-               Output_def *p = get_layout (THIS);
+               Output_def *p = get_layout (PARSER);
 
-               THIS->lexer_->add_scope (p->scope_);
+               PARSER->lexer_->add_scope (p->scope_);
                $$ = p;
        }
        ;
 
 output_def_head_with_mode_switch:
        output_def_head {
-               THIS->lexer_->push_initial_state ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->push_initial_state ();
                $$ = $1;
        }
        ;
@@ -780,8 +785,8 @@ output_def_body:
                Output_def *o = unsmob_output_def ($3);
                o->input_origin_.set_spot (@$);
                $$ = o;
-               THIS->lexer_->remove_scope ();
-               THIS->lexer_->add_scope (o->scope_);
+               PARSER->lexer_->remove_scope ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->add_scope (o->scope_);
        }
        | output_def_body assignment  {
 
@@ -794,10 +799,9 @@ output_def_body:
                        junk this ? there already is tempo stuff in
                        music.
                */
-               int m = scm_to_int ($2->get_property ("metronome-count"));
-               Duration *d = unsmob_duration ($2->get_property ("tempo-unit"));
+               int m = scm_to_int (unsmob_music($2)->get_property ("metronome-count"));
+               Duration *d = unsmob_duration (unsmob_music($2)->get_property ("tempo-unit"));
                set_tempo ($$, d->get_length (), m);
-               $2->unprotect ();
        }
        | output_def_body error {
 
@@ -806,9 +810,10 @@ output_def_body:
 
 tempo_event:
        TEMPO steno_duration '=' bare_unsigned  {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("MetronomeChangeEvent");
-               $$->set_property ("tempo-unit", $2);
-               $$->set_property ("metronome-count", scm_from_int ( $4));
+               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("MetronomeChangeEvent");
+               m->set_property ("tempo-unit", $2);
+               m->set_property ("metronome-count", scm_from_int ( $4));
+               $$ = m->unprotect ();
        }
        ;
 
@@ -825,8 +830,7 @@ Music_list:
        }
        | Music_list Music {
                SCM s = $$;
-               SCM c = scm_cons ($2->self_scm (), SCM_EOL);
-               $2->unprotect (); /* UGH */
+               SCM c = scm_cons ($2, SCM_EOL);
 
                if (scm_is_pair (scm_cdr (s)))
                        scm_set_cdr_x (scm_cdr (s), c); /* append */
@@ -838,7 +842,7 @@ Music_list:
 
        }
        | Music_list error {
-               Music * m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC("Music");
+               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC("Music");
                // ugh. code dup 
                m->set_property ("error-found", SCM_BOOL_T);
                SCM s = $$;
@@ -863,7 +867,7 @@ Alternative_music:
                $$ = SCM_EOL;
        }
        | ALTERNATIVE '{' Music_list '}' {
-               $$ = $3;
+               $$ = scm_car ($3);
        }
        ;
 
@@ -871,104 +875,41 @@ Alternative_music:
 Repeated_music:
        REPEAT simple_string bare_unsigned Music Alternative_music
        {
-               Music *beg = $4;
-               int times = $3;
-               SCM alts = scm_is_pair ($5) ? scm_car ($5) : SCM_EOL;
-               if (times < scm_ilength (alts)) {
-                 unsmob_music (scm_car (alts))
-                   ->origin ()->warning (
-                   _ ("more alternatives than repeats"));
-                   warning ("junking excess alternatives");
-                 alts = ly_truncate_list (times, alts);
-               }
-
-
-               SCM proc = ly_lily_module_constant ("make-repeated-music");
-
-               SCM mus = scm_call_1 (proc, $2);
-               Music *r = unsmob_music (mus);
-               r->protect ();
-               if (beg)
-                       {
-                       r-> set_property ("element", beg->self_scm ());
-                       beg->unprotect ();
-                       }
-               r->set_property ("repeat-count", scm_from_int (max (times, 1)));
-
-               r-> set_property ("elements",alts);
-               if (ly_is_equal ($2, scm_makfrom0str ("tremolo"))) {
-                       /*
-                       TODO: move this code to Scheme.
-                       */
-
-                       /* we cannot get durations and other stuff
-                          correct down the line,
-                          so we have to add to the duration log here. */
-                       SCM func = ly_lily_module_constant ("shift-duration-log");
-
-                       int dots = ($3 % 3) ? 0 : 1;
-                       int shift = -intlog2 ((dots) ? ($3*2/3) : $3);
-
-                       
-                       if ($4->is_mus_type ("sequential-music"))
-                       {
-                               int list_len = scm_ilength ($4->get_property ("elements"));
-                               if (list_len != 2)
-                                       $4->origin ()->warning (_f ("expect 2 elements for Chord tremolo, found %d", list_len));
-                               shift -= 1;
-                               r->compress (Moment (Rational (1, list_len)));
-                       }
-                       scm_call_3 (func, r->self_scm (), scm_from_int (shift), scm_from_int (dots));
-
-               }
-               r->set_spot (*$4->origin ());
-
-               $$ = r;
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("repeat", @$, $2, scm_int2num ($3), $4, $5);
        }
        ;
 
 Sequential_music:
        SEQUENTIAL '{' Music_list '}'           {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("SequentialMusic");
-               $$->set_property ("elements", scm_car ($3));
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("sequential-music", @$, scm_car ($3));
        }
        | '{' Music_list '}'            {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("SequentialMusic");
-               $$->set_property ("elements", scm_car ($2));
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("sequential-music", @$, scm_car ($2));
        }
        ;
 
 Simultaneous_music:
        SIMULTANEOUS '{' Music_list '}'{
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("SimultaneousMusic");
-               $$->set_property ("elements", scm_car ($3));
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
-
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("simultaneous-music", @$, scm_car ($3));
        }
        | simul_open Music_list simul_close     {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("SimultaneousMusic");
-               $$->set_property ("elements", scm_car ($2));
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("simultaneous-music", @$, scm_car ($2));
        }
        ;
 
 Simple_music:
-       event_chord             { $$ = $1; }
-       | MUSIC_IDENTIFIER {
-               $$ = unsmob_music ($1);
-       }
+       event_chord
+       | MUSIC_IDENTIFIER
        | music_property_def
        | context_change
        ;
 
 optional_context_mod:
        /**/ { $$ = SCM_EOL; }
-       | WITH { THIS->lexer_->push_initial_state (); }
+       | WITH { PARSER->lexer_->push_initial_state (); }
        '{' context_mod_list '}'
        {
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->pop_state ();
                $$ = $4;
        }
        ;
@@ -995,6 +936,9 @@ function_scm_argument:
        | simple_string
        ;
 
+/*
+TODO: use code generation for this
+*/
 Generic_prefix_music_scm:
        MUSIC_FUNCTION {
                $$ = scm_list_2 ($1, make_input (@$));
@@ -1005,10 +949,8 @@ Generic_prefix_music_scm:
        | MUSIC_FUNCTION_MARKUP full_markup {
                $$ = scm_list_3 ($1, make_input (@$), $2);
        }
-
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_MUSIC function_scm_argument Music {
-               $$ = scm_list_4 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3->self_scm ());
-               $3->unprotect ();
+       | music_function_musicless_prefix Music {
+               $$ = ly_append2 ($1, scm_list_1 ($2));
        }
        | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM function_scm_argument function_scm_argument {
                $$ = scm_list_4 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3);
@@ -1016,105 +958,92 @@ Generic_prefix_music_scm:
        | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM_SCM function_scm_argument function_scm_argument function_scm_argument {
                $$ = scm_list_5 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3, $4);
        }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_MUSIC Music {
-               $$ = scm_list_3 ($1, make_input (@$), $2->self_scm ());
-               $2->unprotect ();
-       }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM_MUSIC function_scm_argument function_scm_argument Music {
-               $$ = scm_list_5 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3, $4->self_scm ());
-       }
        | MUSIC_FUNCTION_MARKUP_MUSIC full_markup Music {
-               $$ = scm_list_4 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3->self_scm ());
-               $3->unprotect ();
+               $$ = scm_list_4 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3);
        }
        | MUSIC_FUNCTION_MARKUP_MARKUP full_markup full_markup {
                $$ = scm_list_4 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3);
        }
        | MUSIC_FUNCTION_MUSIC_MUSIC Music Music {
-               $$ = scm_list_4 ($1, make_input (@$), $2->self_scm (), $3->self_scm ());
-               $2->unprotect ();
-               $3->unprotect ();
+               $$ = scm_list_4 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3);
        }
        | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_MUSIC_MUSIC function_scm_argument Music Music {
-               $$ = scm_list_5 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3->self_scm (), $4->self_scm ());
-               $4->unprotect ();
-               $3->unprotect ();
+               $$ = scm_list_5 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3, $4);
+       }
+       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM_MUSIC_MUSIC function_scm_argument function_scm_argument Music Music {
+               $$ = scm_list_n ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3, $4, $5, SCM_UNDEFINED);
        }
        | MUSIC_FUNCTION_MARKUP_MUSIC_MUSIC full_markup Music Music {
-               $$ = scm_list_5 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3->self_scm (), $4->self_scm ());
-               $3->unprotect ();
-               $4->unprotect ();
+               $$ = scm_list_5 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3, $4);
        }
        ;
 
-Prefix_composite_music:
-       Generic_prefix_music_scm {
-               $$ = run_music_function (THIS, $1);
+optional_id:
+       /**/ { $$ = SCM_EOL; }
+       | '=' simple_string {
+               $$ = $2;
        }
-       | CONTEXT simple_string '=' simple_string optional_context_mod Music {
-               $$ = context_spec_music ($2, $4, $6, $5);
+       ;       
+
 
+Prefix_composite_music:
+       Generic_prefix_music_scm {
+               $$ = run_music_function (PARSER, $1)->unprotect ();
        }
-       | CONTEXT simple_string optional_context_mod Music {
-               $$ = context_spec_music ($2, SCM_UNDEFINED, $4, $3);
+       | CONTEXT    simple_string optional_id optional_context_mod Music {
+               $$ = context_spec_music ($2, $3, $5, $4, false);
        }
-       | NEWCONTEXT simple_string optional_context_mod Music {
-               $$ = context_spec_music ($2, get_next_unique_context_id (), $4,
-                       $3);
+       | NEWCONTEXT simple_string optional_id optional_context_mod Music {
+               $$ = context_spec_music ($2, $3, $5, $4, true);
        }
 
        | TIMES fraction Music  
-
        {
-               int n = scm_to_int (scm_car ($2)); int d = scm_to_int (scm_cdr ($2));
-               Music *mp = $3;
-
-               $$= MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TimeScaledMusic");
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
+                int n = scm_to_int (scm_car ($2));
+                int d = scm_to_int (scm_cdr ($2));
 
-               $$->set_property ("element", mp->self_scm ());
-               mp->unprotect();
-               $$->set_property ("numerator", scm_from_int (n));
-               $$->set_property ("denominator", scm_from_int (d));
-               $$->compress (Moment (Rational (n,d)));
+                Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TimeScaledMusic");
+                m->set_spot (@$);
 
+                m->set_property ("element", $3);
+                m->set_property ("numerator", scm_from_int (n));
+                m->set_property ("denominator", scm_from_int (d));
+                m->compress (Moment (Rational (n,d)));
+                $$ = m->unprotect ();
        }
        | Repeated_music                { $$ = $1; }
        | TRANSPOSE pitch_also_in_chords pitch_also_in_chords Music {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TransposedMusic");
-               Music *p = $4;
+               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TransposedMusic");
                Pitch from = *unsmob_pitch ($2);
                Pitch to = *unsmob_pitch ($3);
 
+               Music *p = unsmob_music ($4);
                p->transpose (pitch_interval (from, to));
-               $$->set_property ("element", p->self_scm ());
-               p->unprotect();
+               m->set_property ("element", $4);
+               $$ = m->unprotect ();
        }
        | mode_changing_head Grouped_music_list {
                if ($1 == ly_symbol2scm ("chords"))
                {
                  Music *chm = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("UnrelativableMusic");
-                 chm->set_property ("element", $2->self_scm ());
-                 $$ = chm;
-                 $2->unprotect();
+                 chm->set_property ("element", $2);
+                 $$ = chm->unprotect ();
                }
                else
                {
                  $$ = $2;
                }
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->pop_state ();
        }
        | mode_changing_head_with_context optional_context_mod Grouped_music_list {
-               $$ = context_spec_music ($1, get_next_unique_context_id (),
-                                        $3, $2);
+               $$ = context_spec_music ($1, SCM_UNDEFINED, $3, $2, true);
                if ($1 == ly_symbol2scm ("ChordNames"))
                {
                  Music *chm = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("UnrelativableMusic");
-                 chm->set_property ("element", $$->self_scm ());
-                 $$->unprotect();
-                 $$ = chm;
+                 chm->set_property ("element", $$);
+                 $$ = chm->unprotect ();
                }
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->pop_state ();
        }
        | relative_music        { $$ = $1; }
        | re_rhythmed_music     { $$ = $1; }
@@ -1122,58 +1051,58 @@ Prefix_composite_music:
 
 mode_changing_head: 
        NOTEMODE {
-               SCM nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
-               THIS->lexer_->push_note_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
+               SCM nn = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
+               PARSER->lexer_->push_note_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
 
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("notes");
        }
        | DRUMMODE 
                {
-               SCM nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("drumPitchNames");
-               THIS->lexer_->push_note_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
+               SCM nn = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("drumPitchNames");
+               PARSER->lexer_->push_note_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
 
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("drums");
        }
        | FIGUREMODE {
-               THIS->lexer_->push_figuredbass_state ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->push_figuredbass_state ();
 
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("figures");
        }
        | CHORDMODE {
-               SCM nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("chordmodifiers");
-               THIS->lexer_->chordmodifier_tab_ = alist_to_hashq (nn);
-               nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
-               THIS->lexer_->push_chord_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
+               SCM nn = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("chordmodifiers");
+               PARSER->lexer_->chordmodifier_tab_ = alist_to_hashq (nn);
+               nn = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
+               PARSER->lexer_->push_chord_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("chords");
 
        }
        | LYRICMODE
-               { THIS->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
+               { PARSER->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("lyrics");
        }
        ;
 
 mode_changing_head_with_context: 
        DRUMS {
-               SCM nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("drumPitchNames");
-               THIS->lexer_->push_note_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
+               SCM nn = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("drumPitchNames");
+               PARSER->lexer_->push_note_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
 
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("DrumStaff");
        }
        | FIGURES {
-               THIS->lexer_->push_figuredbass_state ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->push_figuredbass_state ();
 
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("FiguredBass");
        }
        | CHORDS {
-               SCM nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("chordmodifiers");
-               THIS->lexer_->chordmodifier_tab_ = alist_to_hashq (nn);
-               nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
-               THIS->lexer_->push_chord_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
+               SCM nn = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("chordmodifiers");
+               PARSER->lexer_->chordmodifier_tab_ = alist_to_hashq (nn);
+               nn = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
+               PARSER->lexer_->push_chord_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("ChordNames");
        }
        | LYRICS
-               { THIS->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
+               { PARSER->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("Lyrics");
        }
        ;
@@ -1181,48 +1110,43 @@ mode_changing_head_with_context:
 
 relative_music:
        RELATIVE absolute_pitch Music {
-               Music *m = $3;
                Pitch start = *unsmob_pitch ($2);
-               $$ = make_music_relative (start, m);
-               m->unprotect();
+               $$ = make_music_relative (start, $3);
        }
        | RELATIVE Composite_music {
-               Music *m = $2;
-
                Pitch middle_c (0, 0, 0);
-               $$ = make_music_relative (middle_c, m);
-               m->unprotect();
+               $$ = make_music_relative (middle_c, $2);
        }
        ;
 
 new_lyrics:
-       ADDLYRICS { THIS->lexer_->push_lyric_state (); }
+       ADDLYRICS { PARSER->lexer_->push_lyric_state (); }
        /*cont */
        Grouped_music_list {
        /* Can also use Music at the expensive of two S/Rs similar to
            \repeat \alternative */
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->pop_state ();
 
-               $$ = scm_cons ($3->self_scm (), SCM_EOL);
+               $$ = scm_cons ($3, SCM_EOL);
        }
        | new_lyrics ADDLYRICS {
-               THIS->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
        } Grouped_music_list {
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
-               $$ = scm_cons ($4->self_scm (), $1);
+               PARSER->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               $$ = scm_cons ($4, $1);
        }
        ;
 
 re_rhythmed_music:
        Grouped_music_list new_lyrics {
-               Music * voice = $1;
-               SCM name = get_first_context_id (scm_makfrom0str ("Voice"), voice); 
+               SCM voice = $1;
+               SCM name = get_first_context_id (scm_makfrom0str ("Voice"), unsmob_music (voice)); 
                if (!scm_is_string (name))
                {
                        name = get_next_unique_lyrics_context_id ();
                        voice = context_spec_music (scm_makfrom0str ("Voice"),
                                                    name,
-                                                   voice, SCM_EOL);
+                                                   voice, SCM_EOL, false);
                }
 
                SCM context = scm_makfrom0str ("Lyrics");
@@ -1231,36 +1155,32 @@ re_rhythmed_music:
                SCM lst = SCM_EOL;
                for (SCM s = $2; scm_is_pair (s); s = scm_cdr (s))
                {
-                       Music *music = unsmob_music (scm_car (s));
-                       Music *com = make_lyric_combine_music (name, music);
-                       Music *csm = context_spec_music (context,
-                               get_next_unique_context_id (), com, SCM_EOL);
-                       lst = scm_cons (csm->self_scm (), lst);
+                       SCM com = make_lyric_combine_music (name, scm_car (s));
+                       SCM csm = context_spec_music (context,
+                               SCM_UNDEFINED, com, SCM_EOL, true);
+                       lst = scm_cons (csm, lst);
                }
-               all->set_property ("elements", scm_cons (voice->self_scm (),
+               all->set_property ("elements", scm_cons (voice,
                        lst));
-               $$ = all;
-               voice->unprotect ();
+               $$ = all->unprotect ();
        }
        | LYRICSTO simple_string {
-               THIS->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
        } Music {
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
-               Music *music = $4;
+               PARSER->lexer_->pop_state ();
                SCM name = $2;
-               $$ = make_lyric_combine_music (name, music);
-               music->unprotect();
+               $$ = make_lyric_combine_music (name, $4);
        }
        ;
 
 context_change:
        CHANGE STRING '=' STRING  {
-               Music*t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("ContextChange");
+               Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("ContextChange");
                t-> set_property ("change-to-type", scm_string_to_symbol ($2));
                t-> set_property ("change-to-id", $4);
+               t->set_spot (@$);
 
-               $$ = t;
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
+               $$ = t->unprotect ();
        }
        ;
 
@@ -1326,45 +1246,45 @@ context_prop_spec:
 
 music_property_def:
        OVERRIDE context_prop_spec embedded_scm '=' scalar {
-               $$ = property_op_to_music (scm_list_4 (
+               Music *m = property_op_to_music (scm_list_4 (
                        ly_symbol2scm ("push"),
                        scm_cadr ($2),
                        $5, $3));
-               $$ = context_spec_music (scm_car ($2), SCM_UNDEFINED, $$, SCM_EOL);
+               $$ = context_spec_music (scm_car ($2), SCM_UNDEFINED, m->unprotect (), SCM_EOL, false);
        }
        | OVERRIDE context_prop_spec embedded_scm  embedded_scm '=' scalar {
-               $$ = property_op_to_music (scm_list_5 (
+               Music *m = property_op_to_music (scm_list_5 (
                        ly_symbol2scm ("push"),
                        scm_cadr ($2),
                        $6, $4, $3));
-               $$ = context_spec_music (scm_car ($2), SCM_UNDEFINED, $$, SCM_EOL);
+               $$ = context_spec_music (scm_car ($2), SCM_UNDEFINED, m->unprotect (), SCM_EOL, false);
        }
        | REVERT context_prop_spec embedded_scm {
-               $$ = property_op_to_music (scm_list_3 (
+               Music *m = property_op_to_music (scm_list_3 (
                        ly_symbol2scm ("pop"),
                        scm_cadr ($2),
                        $3));
 
-               $$= context_spec_music (scm_car ($2), SCM_UNDEFINED, $$, SCM_EOL);
+               $$ = context_spec_music (scm_car ($2), SCM_UNDEFINED, m->unprotect (), SCM_EOL, false);
        }
        | SET context_prop_spec '=' scalar {
-               $$ = property_op_to_music (scm_list_3 (
+               Music *m = property_op_to_music (scm_list_3 (
                        ly_symbol2scm ("assign"),
                        scm_cadr ($2),
                        $4));
-               $$= context_spec_music (scm_car ($2), SCM_UNDEFINED, $$, SCM_EOL);
+               $$ = context_spec_music (scm_car ($2), SCM_UNDEFINED, m->unprotect (), SCM_EOL, false);
        }
        | UNSET context_prop_spec {
-               $$ = property_op_to_music (scm_list_2 (
+               Music *m = property_op_to_music (scm_list_2 (
                        ly_symbol2scm ("unset"),
                        scm_cadr ($2)));
-               $$= context_spec_music (scm_car ($2), SCM_UNDEFINED, $$, SCM_EOL);
+               $$ = context_spec_music (scm_car ($2), SCM_UNDEFINED, m->unprotect (), SCM_EOL, false);
        }
        | ONCE music_property_def {
-               SCM e = $2->get_property ("element");
+               Music *m = unsmob_music ($2);
+               SCM e = m->get_property ("element");
                 unsmob_music (e)->set_property ("once", SCM_BOOL_T);
                $$ = $2;
-
        }
        ;
 
@@ -1436,19 +1356,21 @@ pre_events: /* empty */
 
 event_chord:
        pre_events simple_element post_events   {
-               SCM elts = $2-> get_property ("elements");
+               Music *m = unsmob_music ($2);
+               m->protect ();
+               SCM elts = m->get_property ("elements");
 
                elts = ly_append2 (elts, scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL));
 
-               $2->set_property ("elements", elts);
+               m->set_property ("elements", elts);
                /* why is this giving wrong start location? -ns
                 * $2->set_spot (@$); */
                Input i;
                i.set_location (@2, @3);
-               $2->set_spot (i);
-               $$ = $2;
+               m->set_spot (i);
+               $$ = m->unprotect ();
        }
-       | command_element
+       | command_element { $$ = $1; }
        | note_chord_element
        ;
 
@@ -1456,17 +1378,18 @@ event_chord:
 note_chord_element:
        chord_body optional_notemode_duration post_events
        {
+               Music *m = unsmob_music ($1);
                SCM dur = unsmob_duration ($2)->smobbed_copy ();
-               SCM es = $1->get_property ("elements");
+               SCM es = m->get_property ("elements");
                SCM postevs = scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL);
-
+               
                for (SCM s = es; scm_is_pair (s); s = scm_cdr (s))
                  unsmob_music (scm_car (s))->set_property ("duration", dur);
                es = ly_append2 (es, postevs);
 
-               $1-> set_property ("elements", es);
-               $1->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = $1;
+               m-> set_property ("elements", es);
+               m->set_spot (@$);
+               $$ = m->self_scm ();
        }
        ;
 
@@ -1485,18 +1408,18 @@ simul_close: DOUBLE_ANGLE_CLOSE
 chord_body:
        chord_open chord_body_elements chord_close
        {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
-               $$->set_property ("elements",
+               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
+               m->set_spot (@$);
+               m->set_property ("elements",
                        scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
+               $$ = m->unprotect ();
        }
        ;
 
 chord_body_elements:
        /* empty */             { $$ = SCM_EOL; }
        | chord_body_elements chord_body_element {
-               $$ = scm_cons ($2->self_scm (), $1);
-               $2->unprotect ();
+               $$ = scm_cons ($2, $1);
        }
        ;
 
@@ -1526,8 +1449,7 @@ chord_body_element:
                        n->set_property ("absolute-octave", scm_from_int (q-1));
                }
 
-               
-               $$ = n;
+               $$ = n->unprotect ();
        }
        | DRUM_PITCH post_events {
                Music *n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent");
@@ -1539,11 +1461,12 @@ chord_body_element:
                        SCM arts = scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL);
                        n->set_property ("articulations", arts);
                }
-               $$ = n;
+               $$ = n->unprotect ();
        }
        | music_function_chord_body { 
-               $$ = run_music_function (THIS, $1);
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
+               Music *m = run_music_function (PARSER, $1);
+               m->set_spot (@$);
+               $$ = m->unprotect ();
        }
        ;
 
@@ -1551,137 +1474,139 @@ music_function_chord_body:
        MUSIC_FUNCTION {
                $$ = scm_list_2 ($1, make_input (@$));
        }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_MUSIC chord_body_element {
-               $$ = scm_list_3 ($1, make_input (@$),
-                                       $2->self_scm ());
+       | music_function_musicless_prefix chord_body_element {
+               $$ = ly_append2 ($1, scm_list_1 ($2));
        }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_MUSIC function_scm_argument chord_body_element {
-               $$ = scm_list_4 ($1, make_input (@$),
-                                       $2, $3->self_scm ());
-       }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM_MUSIC function_scm_argument function_scm_argument
-               chord_body_element {
+       ;
 
-               $$ = scm_list_5 ($1, make_input (@$),
-                                       $2, $3, $4->self_scm ());
+music_function_event:
+       music_function_musicless_prefix post_event {
+               $$ = ly_append2 ($1, scm_list_1 ($2));
        }
        ;
 
-
-add_quote:
-       ADDQUOTE string Music {
-               SCM adder = ly_lily_module_constant ("add-quotable");
-               
-               scm_call_2 (adder, $2, $3->self_scm ());
-               $3->unprotect();
+/*
+TODO: use code generation for this
+*/
+music_function_musicless_prefix:
+       MUSIC_FUNCTION_MUSIC {
+               $$ = scm_list_2 ($1, make_input (@$));
+       }
+       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_MUSIC function_scm_argument { 
+               $$ = scm_list_3 ($1, make_input (@$), $2);
+       }
+       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM_MUSIC function_scm_argument function_scm_argument {
+               $$ = scm_list_4 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3);
+       }
+       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM_SCM_MUSIC function_scm_argument function_scm_argument function_scm_argument {
+               $$ = scm_list_5 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3, $4);
+       }
+       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM_SCM_SCM_MUSIC function_scm_argument function_scm_argument function_scm_argument function_scm_argument {
+               $$ = scm_list_n ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3, $4, $5, SCM_UNDEFINED);
        }
        ;
 
+
 command_element:
        command_event {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
-               $$->set_property ("elements", scm_cons ($1->self_scm (), SCM_EOL));
-               $1->unprotect();
-
-               $$-> set_spot (@$);
-               $1-> set_spot (@$);
+               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
+               m->set_property ("elements", scm_cons ($1, SCM_EOL));
+               Music *e = unsmob_music ($1);
+               e-> set_spot (@$);
+               m-> set_spot (@$);
+               $$ = m->unprotect ();
        }
        | SKIP duration_length {
                Music *skip = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("SkipMusic");
                skip->set_property ("duration", $2);
                skip->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = skip;
-       }
-       | OCTAVE pitch {
-               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("RelativeOctaveCheck");
-               $$ = m;
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
-               $$->set_property ("pitch", $2);
+               $$ = skip->unprotect ();
        }
        | E_BRACKET_OPEN {
                Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("LigatureEvent");
                m->set_property ("span-direction", scm_from_int (START));
                m->set_spot (@$);
 
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
-               $$->set_property ("elements", scm_cons (m->self_scm (), SCM_EOL));
+               Music *chord = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
+               chord->set_property ("elements", scm_cons (m->self_scm (), SCM_EOL));
                m->unprotect();
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
+               chord->set_spot (@$);
+               $$ = chord->unprotect ();
        }
        | E_BRACKET_CLOSE {
                Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("LigatureEvent");
                m->set_property ("span-direction", scm_from_int (STOP));
                m->set_spot (@$);
 
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
-               $$->set_property ("elements", scm_cons (m->self_scm (), SCM_EOL));
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
+               Music *chord = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
+               chord->set_property ("elements", scm_cons (m->self_scm (), SCM_EOL));
+               chord->set_spot (@$);
                m->unprotect ();
+               $$ = chord->unprotect ();
        }
        | E_BACKSLASH {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("VoiceSeparator");
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
+               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("VoiceSeparator");
+               m->set_spot (@$);
+               $$ = m->unprotect ();
        }
        | '|'      {
-               SCM pipe = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pipeSymbol");
+               SCM pipe = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pipeSymbol");
 
-               if (Music * m = unsmob_music (pipe))
-                       $$ = m->clone ();
+               Music *m = unsmob_music (pipe);
+               if (m)
+                       m = m->clone ();
                else
-                       $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("BarCheck");
+                       m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("BarCheck");
 
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
+               m->set_spot (@$);
+               $$ = m->unprotect ();
        }
        | TRANSPOSITION pitch {
                Pitch middle_c;
                Pitch sounds_as_c = pitch_interval (*unsmob_pitch ($2), middle_c);
-               $$ = set_property_music (ly_symbol2scm ("instrumentTransposition"),
+               Music *m = set_property_music (ly_symbol2scm ("instrumentTransposition"),
                                         sounds_as_c.smobbed_copy());
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
+               m->set_spot (@$);
                $$ = context_spec_music (ly_symbol2scm ("Staff"), SCM_UNDEFINED,
-                       $$, SCM_EOL);
+                       m->unprotect (), SCM_EOL, false);
        }
        | PARTIAL duration_length       {
                Moment m = - unsmob_duration ($2)->get_length ();
                Music *p = set_property_music (ly_symbol2scm ( "measurePosition"),m.smobbed_copy ());
                p->set_spot (@$);
-               p = context_spec_music (ly_symbol2scm ("Timing"), SCM_UNDEFINED,
-                                       p, SCM_EOL);
-               p = context_spec_music (ly_symbol2scm ("Score"), SCM_UNDEFINED,
-                                       p, SCM_EOL);
-               $$ = p;
+               SCM ps = p->unprotect ();
+               ps = context_spec_music (ly_symbol2scm ("Timing"), SCM_UNDEFINED,
+                                       ps, SCM_EOL, false);
+               $$ = context_spec_music (ly_symbol2scm ("Score"), SCM_UNDEFINED,
+                                       ps, SCM_EOL, false);
        }
 
        | TIME_T fraction  {
                SCM proc = ly_lily_module_constant ("make-time-signature-set");
 
-               SCM result = scm_apply_2   (proc, scm_car ($2), scm_cdr ($2), SCM_EOL);
-               $$ = unsmob_music (result);
-               $$->protect ();
+               $$ = scm_apply_2   (proc, scm_car ($2), scm_cdr ($2), SCM_EOL);
        }
        | MARK scalar {
                SCM proc = ly_lily_module_constant ("make-mark-set");
 
-               SCM result = scm_call_1 (proc, $2);
-               $$ = unsmob_music (result);
-               $$->protect ();
+               $$ = scm_call_1 (proc, $2);
        }
        ;
 
 command_event:
        E_TILDE {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("PesOrFlexaEvent");
+               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("PesOrFlexaEvent")->unprotect ();
        }
        | MARK DEFAULT  {
                Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("MarkEvent");
-               $$ = m;
+               $$ = m->unprotect ();
        }
        | tempo_event {
                $$ = $1;
        }
        | KEY DEFAULT {
                Music *key = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("KeyChangeEvent");
-               $$ = key;
+               $$ = key->unprotect ();
        }
        | KEY NOTENAME_PITCH SCM_IDENTIFIER     {
 
@@ -1692,10 +1617,10 @@ command_event:
                        key->set_property ("tonic", Pitch (0, 0, 0).smobbed_copy ());
                        key->transpose (* unsmob_pitch ($2));
                } else {
-                       THIS->parser_error (@3, _ ("second argument must be pitch list"));
+                       PARSER->parser_error (@3, _ ("second argument must be pitch list"));
                }
 
-               $$ = key;
+               $$ = key->unprotect ();
        }
        ;
 
@@ -1705,52 +1630,44 @@ post_events:
                $$ = SCM_EOL;
        }
        | post_events post_event {
-               $2->set_spot (@2);
-               $$ = scm_cons ($2->self_scm (), $$);
-               $2->unprotect ();
-       }
-       ;
-
-music_function_event:
-       MUSIC_FUNCTION_MUSIC post_event {
-               $$ = scm_list_3 ($1, make_input (@$), $2->self_scm ());
-       }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_MUSIC function_scm_argument post_event {
-               $$ = scm_list_4 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3->self_scm ());
-       }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM_MUSIC function_scm_argument function_scm_argument post_event {
-               $$ = scm_list_5 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3, $4->self_scm ());
+               unsmob_music ($2)->set_spot (@2);
+               $$ = scm_cons ($2, $$);
        }
        ;
-
        
 post_event:
        direction_less_event {
                $$ = $1;
        }
        | '-' music_function_event {
-               Music *mus = run_music_function (THIS, $2);
+               Music *mus = run_music_function (PARSER, $2);
                mus->set_spot (@1);
-               $$ = mus;
+               $$ = mus->unprotect ();
        }
        | HYPHEN {
-               if (!THIS->lexer_->is_lyric_state ())
-                       THIS->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Lyric mode for lyrics"));
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("HyphenEvent");
+               if (!PARSER->lexer_->is_lyric_state ())
+                       PARSER->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Lyric mode for lyrics"));
+               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("HyphenEvent")->unprotect ();
        }
        | EXTENDER {
-               if (!THIS->lexer_->is_lyric_state ())
-                       THIS->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Lyric mode for lyrics"));
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("ExtenderEvent");
+               if (!PARSER->lexer_->is_lyric_state ())
+                       PARSER->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Lyric mode for lyrics"));
+               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("ExtenderEvent")->unprotect ();
        }
        | script_dir direction_reqd_event {
                if ($1)
-                       $2->set_property ("direction", scm_from_int ($1));
+               {
+                       Music *m = unsmob_music ($2);
+                       m->set_property ("direction", scm_from_int ($1));
+               }
                $$ = $2;
        }
        | script_dir direction_less_event {
                if ($1)
-                       $2->set_property ("direction", scm_from_int ($1));
+               {
+                       Music *m = unsmob_music ($2);
+                       m->set_property ("direction", scm_from_int ($1));
+               }
                $$ = $2;
        }
        | string_number_event
@@ -1761,7 +1678,7 @@ string_number_event:
                Music *s = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("StringNumberEvent");
                s->set_property ("string-number", scm_from_int ($1));
                s->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = s;
+               $$ = s->unprotect ();
        }
        ;
 
@@ -1800,8 +1717,8 @@ direction_less_char:
 
 direction_less_event:
        direction_less_char {
-               SCM predefd = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier_symbol ($1);
-               Music * m = 0;
+               SCM predefd = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier_symbol ($1);
+               Music *m = 0;
                if (unsmob_music (predefd))
                {
                        m = unsmob_music (predefd)->clone ();
@@ -1811,16 +1728,16 @@ direction_less_event:
                        m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("Music");
                }
                m->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = m;         
+               $$ = m->unprotect ();
        }
        | EVENT_IDENTIFIER      {
-               $$ = unsmob_music ($1);
+               $$ = $1;
        }
        | tremolo_type  {
                Music *a = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TremoloEvent");
                a->set_spot (@$);
                a->set_property ("tremolo-type", scm_from_int ($1));
-               $$ = a;
+               $$ = a->unprotect ();
         }
        ;       
        
@@ -1829,12 +1746,12 @@ direction_reqd_event:
                $$ = $1;
        }
        | script_abbreviation {
-               SCM s = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("dash" + ly_scm2string ($1));
+               SCM s = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("dash" + ly_scm2string ($1));
                Music *a = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("ArticulationEvent");
                if (scm_is_string (s))
                        a->set_property ("articulation-type", s);
-               else THIS->parser_error (@1, _ ("expecting string as script definition"));
-               $$ = a;
+               else PARSER->parser_error (@1, _ ("expecting string as script definition"));
+               $$ = a->unprotect ();
        }
        ;
 
@@ -1916,21 +1833,20 @@ gen_text_def:
                Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TextScriptEvent");
                t->set_property ("text", $1);
                t->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = t
+               $$ = t->unprotect ();
        }
        | string {
                Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TextScriptEvent");
                t->set_property ("text",
                        make_simple_markup ($1));
                t->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = t;
-       
+               $$ = t->unprotect ();
        }
        | DIGIT {
                Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("FingerEvent");
                t->set_property ("digit", scm_from_int ($1));
                t->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = t;
+               $$ = t->unprotect ();
        }
        ;
 
@@ -1979,12 +1895,12 @@ duration_length:
 
 optional_notemode_duration:
        {
-               Duration dd = THIS->default_duration_;
+               Duration dd = PARSER->default_duration_;
                $$ = dd.smobbed_copy ();
        }
        | multiplied_duration   {
                $$ = $1;
-               THIS->default_duration_ = *unsmob_duration ($$);
+               PARSER->default_duration_ = *unsmob_duration ($$);
        }
        ;
 
@@ -1992,7 +1908,7 @@ steno_duration:
        bare_unsigned dots              {
                int len = 0;
                if (!is_duration ($1))
-                       THIS->parser_error (@1, _f ("not a duration: %d", $1));
+                       PARSER->parser_error (@1, _f ("not a duration: %d", $1));
                else
                        len = intlog2 ($1);
 
@@ -2042,7 +1958,7 @@ tremolo_type:
        }
        | ':' bare_unsigned {
                if (!is_duration ($2))
-                       THIS->parser_error (@2, _f ("not a duration: %d", $2));
+                       PARSER->parser_error (@2, _f ("not a duration: %d", $2));
                $$ = $2;
        }
        ;
@@ -2164,8 +2080,8 @@ optional_rest:
 
 simple_element:
        pitch exclamations questions octave_check optional_notemode_duration optional_rest {
-               if (!THIS->lexer_->is_note_state ())
-                       THIS->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Note mode for notes"));
+               if (!PARSER->lexer_->is_note_state ())
+                       PARSER->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Note mode for notes"));
 
                Music *n = 0;
                if ($6)
@@ -2193,7 +2109,7 @@ simple_element:
 
                v->set_spot (@$);
                n->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = v;
+               $$ = v->unprotect ();
        }
        | DRUM_PITCH optional_notemode_duration {
                Music *n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent");
@@ -2205,7 +2121,7 @@ simple_element:
                n->unprotect ();
                v->set_spot (@$);
                n->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = v;
+               $$ = v->unprotect ();
                
        }
        | figure_spec optional_notemode_duration {
@@ -2215,7 +2131,7 @@ simple_element:
                {
                        unsmob_music (scm_car (s))->set_property ("duration", $2);
                }
-               $$ = m;
+               $$ = m->unprotect ();
        }       
        | RESTNAME optional_notemode_duration           {
                Music *ev = 0;
@@ -2235,18 +2151,15 @@ simple_element:
 
                ev->unprotect();
 
-               $$ = velt;
+               $$ = velt->unprotect ();
        }
        | MULTI_MEASURE_REST optional_notemode_duration         {
                SCM proc = ly_lily_module_constant ("make-multi-measure-rest");
-               SCM mus = scm_call_2 (proc, $2, make_input (@$));
-               $$ = unsmob_music (mus);
-               $$->protect ();
+               $$ = scm_call_2 (proc, $2, make_input (@$));
        }
-       
        | lyric_element optional_notemode_duration      {
-               if (!THIS->lexer_->is_lyric_state ())
-                       THIS->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Lyric mode for lyrics"));
+               if (!PARSER->lexer_->is_lyric_state ())
+                       PARSER->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Lyric mode for lyrics"));
 
                Music *levent = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("LyricEvent");
                levent->set_property ("text", $1);
@@ -2255,12 +2168,12 @@ simple_element:
                Music *velt = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
                velt->set_property ("elements", scm_list_1 (levent->self_scm ()));
 
-               $$= velt;
+               $$= velt->unprotect ();
        }
        | new_chord {
-                if (!THIS->lexer_->is_chord_state ())
-                        THIS->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Chord mode for chords"));
-                $$ = unsmob_music ($1);
+                if (!PARSER->lexer_->is_chord_state ())
+                        PARSER->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Chord mode for chords"));
+                $$ = $1;
        }
        ;
 
@@ -2421,10 +2334,10 @@ lyric_markup:
                $$ = $1;
        }
        | LYRIC_MARKUP
-               { THIS->lexer_->push_markup_state (); }
+               { PARSER->lexer_->push_markup_state (); }
        markup_top {
                $$ = $3;
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->pop_state ();
        }
        ;
 
@@ -2433,10 +2346,10 @@ full_markup:
                $$ = $1;
        }
        | MARKUP
-               { THIS->lexer_->push_markup_state (); }
+               { PARSER->lexer_->push_markup_state (); }
        markup_top {
                $$ = $3;
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->pop_state ();
        }
        ;
 
@@ -2519,13 +2432,13 @@ simple_markup:
                $$ = $1;
        }
        | SCORE {
-               SCM nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
-               THIS->lexer_->push_note_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
+               SCM nn = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
+               PARSER->lexer_->push_note_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
        } '{' score_body '}' {
                Score * sc = $4;
                $$ = scm_list_2 (ly_lily_module_constant ("score-markup"), sc->self_scm ());
                sc->unprotect ();
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->pop_state ();
        }
        | MARKUP_HEAD_SCM0 embedded_scm {
                $$ = scm_list_2 ($1, $2);
@@ -2673,21 +2586,22 @@ property_op_to_music (SCM op)
        return m;
 }
 
-Music*
-context_spec_music (SCM type, SCM id, Music *m, SCM ops)
+SCM
+context_spec_music (SCM type, SCM id, SCM m, SCM ops, bool create_new)
 {
        Music *csm = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("ContextSpeccedMusic");
 
-       csm->set_property ("element", m->self_scm ());
-       m->unprotect ();
+       csm->set_property ("element", m);
 
        csm->set_property ("context-type",
                scm_is_symbol (type) ? type : scm_string_to_symbol (type));
        csm->set_property ("property-operations", ops);
+       if (create_new)
+               csm->set_property ("create-new", SCM_BOOL_T);
 
        if (scm_is_string (id))
                csm->set_property ("context-id", id);
-       return csm;
+       return csm->unprotect ();
 }
 
 SCM
@@ -2749,7 +2663,7 @@ run_music_function (Lily_parser *parser, SCM expr)
 bool
 is_regular_identifier (SCM id)
 {
-  std::string str = ly_scm2string (id);
+  string str = ly_scm2string (id);
   char const *s = str.c_str ();
 
   bool v = true;
@@ -2840,25 +2754,26 @@ set_property_music (SCM sym, SCM value)
        return p;
 }
 
-Music*
-make_music_relative (Pitch start, Music *music)
+SCM
+make_music_relative (Pitch start, SCM music)
 {
        Music *relative = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("RelativeOctaveMusic");
-       relative->set_property ("element", music->self_scm ());
+       relative->set_property ("element", music);
        
-       Pitch last = music->to_relative_octave (start);
+       Music *m = unsmob_music (music);
+       Pitch last = m->to_relative_octave (start);
        if (lily_1_8_relative)
-               music->set_property ("last-pitch", last.smobbed_copy ());
-       return relative;
+               m->set_property ("last-pitch", last.smobbed_copy ());
+       return relative->unprotect ();
 }
 
-Music *
-make_lyric_combine_music (SCM name, Music *music)
+SCM
+make_lyric_combine_music (SCM name, SCM music)
 {
        Music *combine = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("LyricCombineMusic");
-       combine->set_property ("element", music->self_scm ());
+       combine->set_property ("element", music);
        combine->set_property ("associated-context", name);
-       return combine;
+       return combine->unprotect ();
 }