]> git.donarmstrong.com Git - lilypond.git/blobdiff - lily/parser.yy
New upstream version 2.19.80
[lilypond.git] / lily / parser.yy
index 722f299c83cc05cd36c9aa02acd68dcec42c8bee..a95f44a9f2fc811a7c2fe23475b28ac01e72ce01 100644 (file)
-%{ // -*-Fundamental-*-
-
+/* -*- mode: c++; c-file-style: "linux"; indent-tabs-mode: t -*- */
 /*
-  parser.yy -- Bison/C++ parser for LilyPond
+  This file is part of LilyPond, the GNU music typesetter.
 
-  source file of the GNU LilyPond music typesetter
-
-  (c) 1997--2005 Han-Wen Nienhuys <hanwen@cs.uu.nl>
+  Copyright (C) 1997--2015 Han-Wen Nienhuys <hanwen@xs4all.nl>
                  Jan Nieuwenhuizen <janneke@gnu.org>
-*/
 
-/*
-
-TODO:
+  LilyPond is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
 
-* The rules for who is protecting what are very shady. Uniformise
-  this.
-
-* There are too many lexical modes?
+  LilyPond is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+  GNU General Public License for more details.
 
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+  along with LilyPond.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */
 
-#include <ctype.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
+/* Mode and indentation are at best a rough approximation based on TAB
+ * formatting (reasonable for compatibility with unspecific editor
+ * modes as Bison modes are hard to find) and need manual correction
+ * frequently.  Without a reasonably dependable way of formatting a
+ * Bison file sensibly, there is little point in trying to fix the
+ * inconsistent state of indentation.
+ */
 
+%{
 
-#include "book.hh"
-#include "context-def.hh"
-#include "dimensions.hh"
-#include "event.hh"
-#include "file-path.hh"
-#include "input-smob.hh"
-#include "input.hh"
-#include "lily-guile.hh"
-#include "lilypond-input-version.hh"
-#include "main.hh"
-#include "misc.hh"
-#include "lily-lexer.hh"
-#include "lily-parser.hh"
-#include "paper-book.hh"
-#include "output-def.hh"
-#include "scm-hash.hh"
-#include "scm-option.hh"
-#include "score.hh"
-#include "text-item.hh"
-#include "warn.hh"
+#define yyerror Lily_parser::parser_error
 
-#define MY_MAKE_MUSIC(x)  make_music_by_name (ly_symbol2scm (x))
+/* We use custom location type: Input objects */
+#define YYLTYPE Input
+#define YYSTYPE SCM
+#define YYLLOC_DEFAULT(Current,Rhs,N) \
+       ((Current).set_location ((Rhs)[1], (Rhs)[N]))
 
-Music *property_op_to_music (SCM op);
-Music *context_spec_music (SCM type, SCM id, Music *m, SCM ops);
-SCM get_next_unique_context_id ();
-SCM get_next_unique_lyrics_context_id ();
+#define YYPRINT(file, type, value)                                     \
+       do {                                                            \
+               if (scm_is_eq (value, SCM_UNSPECIFIED))                 \
+                       break;                                          \
+               SCM s = Display::value_to_lily_string (value);          \
+               char *p = scm_to_locale_string (s);                     \
+               fputs (p, file);                                        \
+               free (p);                                               \
+       } while (0)
 
-#define YYERROR_VERBOSE 1
+%}
 
-#define YYPARSE_PARAM my_lily_parser
-#define YYLEX_PARAM my_lily_parser
-#define THIS\
-       ((Lily_parser *) my_lily_parser)
+%parse-param {Lily_parser *parser}
+%parse-param {SCM *retval}
+%lex-param {Lily_parser *parser}
+%error-verbose
+%debug
 
-#define yyerror THIS->parser_error
+/* We use SCMs to do strings, because it saves us the trouble of
+deleting them.  Let's hope that a stack overflow doesn't trigger a move
+of the parse stack onto the heap. */
 
-/* We use custom location type: Input objects */
-#define YYLTYPE Input
-#define YYLLOC_DEFAULT(Current,Rhs,N) \
-       ((Current).set_location ((Rhs)[1], (Rhs)[N]))
+%left PREC_BOT
+%nonassoc REPEAT
+%nonassoc ALTERNATIVE
 
+/* The above precedences tackle the shift/reduce problem
 
-/* Add symbols to the TAGS field of a music object.  */
+1.  \repeat
+       \repeat .. \alternative
 
-void
-tag_music (Music *m, SCM tag, Input ip)
-{
-       SCM tags = m->get_property ("tags");
-       if (scm_is_symbol (tag))
-               tags = scm_cons (tag, tags);
-       else if (ly_c_list_p (tag))
-               tags = ly_append2 (tag, tags);
-       else
-               ip.warning (_ ("Tag must be symbol or list of symbols."));
-
-       m->set_property ("tags", tags);
-}
+    \repeat { \repeat .. \alternative }
 
-bool
-is_regular_identifier (SCM id)
-{
-  String str = ly_scm2string (id);
-  char const *s = str.to_str0 ();
+or
 
-  bool v = true;
-#if 0
-  isalpha (*s);
-  s++;
-#endif
-  while (*s && v)
-   {
-        v = v && isalnum (*s);
-        s++;
-   }
-  return v;
-}
+    \repeat { \repeat } \alternative
+*/
 
+%nonassoc COMPOSITE
+%left ADDLYRICS
 
-SCM
-get_first_context_id (SCM type, Music *m)
-{
-       SCM id = m->get_property ("context-id");
-       if (SCM_BOOL_T == scm_equal_p (m->get_property ("context-type"), type)
-           && scm_is_string (m->get_property ("context-id"))
-           && scm_c_string_length (id) > 0)
-       {
-               return id;
-       }
-       return SCM_EOL;
-}
+%right ':' UNSIGNED REAL E_UNSIGNED EVENT_IDENTIFIER EVENT_FUNCTION '^' '_'
+       HYPHEN EXTENDER DURATION_IDENTIFIER '!'
 
-SCM
-make_simple_markup (SCM a)
-{
-       SCM simple = ly_lily_module_constant ("simple-markup");
-       return scm_list_2 (simple, a);
-}
+ /* The above are needed for collecting tremoli and other items (that
+    could otherwise be interpreted as belonging to the next function
+    argument) greedily, and together with the next rule will serve to
+    join numbers and units greedily instead of allowing them into
+    separate function arguments
+ */
 
-bool
-is_duration (int t)
-{
-  return t && t == 1 << intlog2 (t);
-}
+%nonassoc NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
 
-void
-set_music_properties (Music *p, SCM a)
-{
-  for (SCM k = a; scm_is_pair (k); k = scm_cdr (k))
-       p->internal_set_property (scm_caar (k), scm_cdar (k));
-}
+%left PREC_TOP
 
-SCM
-make_chord_step (int step, int alter)
-{
-       if (step == 7)
-               alter += FLAT;
 
-       while (step < 0)
-               step += 7;
-       Pitch m ((step -1) / 7, (step - 1) % 7, alter);
-       return m.smobbed_copy ();
-}
 
 
-SCM
-make_chord (SCM pitch, SCM dur, SCM modification_list)
-{
-       SCM chord_ctor = ly_lily_module_constant ("construct-chord");
-       SCM ch = scm_call_3 (chord_ctor, pitch, dur, modification_list);
-       scm_gc_protect_object (ch);
-       return ch;
-}
+%pure-parser
+%locations
 
-/* Todo: actually also use apply iso. call too ...  */
-bool
-ly_input_procedure_p (SCM x)
-{
-       return ly_c_procedure_p (x)
-               || (scm_is_pair (x) && ly_c_procedure_p (scm_car (x)));
-}
 
-Music*
-set_property_music (SCM sym, SCM value)
-{
-       Music *p = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("PropertySet");
-       p->set_property ("symbol", sym);
-       p->set_property ("value", value);
-       return p;
-}
 
-Music*
-make_music_relative (Pitch start, Music *music)
-{
-       Music *relative = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("RelativeOctaveMusic");
-       relative->set_property ("element", music->self_scm ());
-       
-       Pitch last = music->to_relative_octave (start);
-       if (lily_1_8_relative)
-               music->set_property ("last-pitch", last.smobbed_copy ());
-       return relative;
-}
+%{ // -*-Fundamental-*-
 
-Music*
-make_lyric_combine_music (SCM name, Music *music)
-{
-       Music *combine = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NewLyricCombineMusic");
-       combine->set_property ("element", music->self_scm ());
-       combine->set_property ("associated-context", name);
-       return combine;
-}
+/*
+FIXME:
 
-%}
+   * The rules for who is protecting what are very shady.  Uniformise
+     this.
 
-/* We use SCMs to do strings, because it saves us the trouble of
-deleting them.  Let's hope that a stack overflow doesnt trigger a move
-of the parse stack onto the heap. */
+   * There are too many lexical modes?
+*/
 
-%left ADDLYRICS
+#include "config.hh"
 
-%union {
-       Book *book;
-       Output_def *outputdef;
-       SCM scm;
-       String *string;
-       Music *music;
-       Score *score;
-       int i;
-}
-%{
+#include <cctype>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstdio>
+using namespace std;
 
-int
-yylex (YYSTYPE *s, YYLTYPE *l, void *v)
-{
-       Lily_parser *pars = (Lily_parser*) v;
-       Lily_lexer *lex = pars->lexer_;
+#include "book.hh"
+#include "context.hh"
+#include "context-def.hh"
+#include "context-mod.hh"
+#include "dimensions.hh"
+#include "file-path.hh"
+#include "input.hh"
+#include "international.hh"
+#include "lily-guile.hh"
+#include "lily-lexer.hh"
+#include "lily-parser.hh"
+#include "ly-module.hh"
+#include "main.hh"
+#include "misc.hh"
+#include "music.hh"
+#include "output-def.hh"
+#include "paper-book.hh"
+#include "scm-hash.hh"
+#include "score.hh"
+#include "text-interface.hh"
+#include "warn.hh"
+#include "lily-imports.hh"
 
-       lex->lexval = (void*) s;
-       lex->lexloc = l;
-       lex->prepare_for_next_token ();
-       return lex->yylex ();
+void
+Lily_parser::parser_error (Input const *i, Lily_parser *parser, SCM *, const string &s)
+{
+       parser->parser_error (*i, s);
 }
 
+// The following are somewhat precarious constructs as they may change
+// the value of the lookahead token.  That implies that the lookahead
+// token must not yet have made an impact on the state stack other
+// than causing the reduction of the current rule, or switching the
+// lookahead token while Bison is mulling it over will cause trouble.
+
+#define MYBACKUP(Token, Value, Location)                               \
+       do {                                                            \
+               if (yychar != YYEMPTY)                                  \
+                       parser->lexer_->push_extra_token                \
+                               (yylloc, yychar, yylval);               \
+               if (Token)                                              \
+                       parser->lexer_->push_extra_token                \
+                               (Location, Token, Value);               \
+               parser->lexer_->push_extra_token (Location, BACKUP);    \
+               yychar = YYEMPTY;                                       \
+       } while (0)
+
+
+#define MYREPARSE(Location, Pred, Token, Value)                                \
+       do {                                                            \
+               if (yychar != YYEMPTY)                                  \
+                       parser->lexer_->push_extra_token                \
+                               (yylloc, yychar, yylval);               \
+               parser->lexer_->push_extra_token                        \
+                       (Location, Token, Value);                       \
+               parser->lexer_->push_extra_token                        \
+                       (Location, REPARSE, Pred);                      \
+               yychar = YYEMPTY;                                       \
+       } while (0)
 
 %}
 
-%expect 3
 
-/*
-  Three shift/reduce problems:
+%{
 
-2. \markup identifier.
+#define MY_MAKE_MUSIC(x, spot) \
+       make_music_with_input (ly_symbol2scm (x), \
+                              parser->lexer_->override_input (spot))
 
-  (what? --hwn)
+/* ES TODO:
+- delay application of the function
+*/
 
-3. \markup { }
+#define LOWLEVEL_MAKE_SYNTAX(location, proc, ...)                      \
+       with_location                                                   \
+               (parser->lexer_->override_input (location).smobbed_copy (), \
+                proc,                                                  \
+                ##__VA_ARGS__)
 
-  (what? --hwn)
+/* Syntactic Sugar. */
+#define MAKE_SYNTAX(name, location, ...)                               \
+       LOWLEVEL_MAKE_SYNTAX (location, Syntax::name, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 
+#define START_MAKE_SYNTAX(name, ...)                                   \
+       scm_list_n (Syntax::name, ##__VA_ARGS__, SCM_UNDEFINED)
 
-4.  \repeat
-       \repeat .. \alternative
+#define FINISH_MAKE_SYNTAX(start, location, ...)                       \
+       LOWLEVEL_MAKE_SYNTAX                                            \
+               (location,                                              \
+                Guile_user::apply,                                     \
+                scm_car (start),                                       \
+                scm_append_x                                           \
+                (scm_list_2 (scm_cdr (start),                          \
+                             scm_list_n (__VA_ARGS__, SCM_UNDEFINED))))
 
+SCM get_next_unique_context_id ();
+SCM get_next_unique_lyrics_context_id ();
 
-    \repeat { \repeat .. \alternative }
+#undef _
+#if !HAVE_GETTEXT
+#define _(x) x
+#else
+#include <libintl.h>
+#define _(x) gettext (x)
+#endif
 
-or
 
-    \repeat { \repeat } \alternative 
+static Music *make_music_with_input (SCM name, Input where);
+SCM check_scheme_arg (Lily_parser *parser, Input loc,
+                     SCM arg, SCM args, SCM pred, SCM disp = SCM_UNDEFINED);
+SCM make_music_from_simple (Lily_parser *parser, Input loc, SCM pitch);
+SCM loc_on_copy (Lily_parser *parser, Input loc, SCM arg);
+SCM make_chord_elements (Input loc, SCM pitch, SCM dur, SCM modification_list);
+SCM make_chord_step (SCM step, Rational alter);
+SCM make_simple_markup (SCM a);
+SCM make_duration (SCM t, int dots = 0, SCM factor = SCM_UNDEFINED);
+bool is_regular_identifier (SCM id, bool multiple=false);
+SCM make_reverse_key_list (SCM keys);
+SCM try_word_variants (SCM pred, SCM str);
+SCM try_string_variants (SCM pred, SCM str);
+int yylex (YYSTYPE *s, YYLTYPE *loc, Lily_parser *parser);
 
-)
- */
+%}
 
+/* The third option is an alias that will be used to display the
+   syntax error.  Bison CVS now correctly handles backslash escapes.
 
-%pure_parser
-%locations
+   FIXME: Bison needs to translate some of these, eg, STRING.
+
+*/
+
+/* Keyword tokens with plain escaped name.  */
+%token END_OF_FILE 0 "end of input"
+%token ACCEPTS "\\accepts"
+%token ADDLYRICS "\\addlyrics"
+%token ALIAS "\\alias"
+%token ALTERNATIVE "\\alternative"
+%token BOOK "\\book"
+%token BOOKPART "\\bookpart"
+%token CHANGE "\\change"
+%token CHORDMODE "\\chordmode"
+%token CHORDS "\\chords"
+%token CONSISTS "\\consists"
+%token CONTEXT "\\context"
+%token DEFAULT "\\default"
+%token DEFAULTCHILD "\\defaultchild"
+%token DENIES "\\denies"
+%token DESCRIPTION "\\description"
+%token DRUMMODE "\\drummode"
+%token DRUMS "\\drums"
+%token ETC "\\etc"
+%token FIGUREMODE "\\figuremode"
+%token FIGURES "\\figures"
+%token HEADER "\\header"
+%token INVALID "\\version-error"
+%token LAYOUT "\\layout"
+%token LYRICMODE "\\lyricmode"
+%token LYRICS "\\lyrics"
+%token LYRICSTO "\\lyricsto"
+%token MARKUP "\\markup"
+%token MARKUPLIST "\\markuplist"
+%token MIDI "\\midi"
+%token NAME "\\name"
+%token NOTEMODE "\\notemode"
+%token OVERRIDE "\\override"
+%token PAPER "\\paper"
+%token REMOVE "\\remove"
+%token REPEAT "\\repeat"
+%token REST "\\rest"
+%token REVERT "\\revert"
+%token SCORE "\\score"
+%token SCORELINES "\\score-lines"
+%token SEQUENTIAL "\\sequential"
+%token SET "\\set"
+%token SIMULTANEOUS "\\simultaneous"
+%token TEMPO "\\tempo"
+%token TYPE "\\type"
+%token UNSET "\\unset"
+%token WITH "\\with"
+
+/* Keyword token exceptions.  */
+%token NEWCONTEXT "\\new"
+
+
+/* Other string tokens.  */
+
+%token CHORD_BASS "/+"
+%token CHORD_CARET "^"
+%token CHORD_COLON ":"
+%token CHORD_MINUS "-"
+%token CHORD_SLASH "/"
+%token ANGLE_OPEN "<"
+%token ANGLE_CLOSE ">"
+%token DOUBLE_ANGLE_OPEN "<<"
+%token DOUBLE_ANGLE_CLOSE ">>"
+%token E_BACKSLASH "\\"
+%token E_EXCLAMATION "\\!"
+%token E_PLUS "\\+"
+%token EXTENDER "__"
+
+/*
+If we give names, Bison complains.
+*/
+%token FIGURE_CLOSE /* "\\>" */
+%token FIGURE_OPEN /* "\\<" */
+%token FIGURE_SPACE "_"
+%token HYPHEN "--"
 
-%token ACCEPTS
-%token ADDQUOTE
-%token LYRICSTO
-%token ALIAS
-%token ALTERNATIVE
-%token BAR
-%token BOOK
-%token CHANGE
-%token CHORDMODIFIERS
-%token CHORDS
-%token CHORDMODE
-%token DOUBLE_ANGLE_OPEN
-%token DOUBLE_ANGLE_CLOSE
-%token CLEF
-%token COMMANDSPANREQUEST
-%token CONSISTS
-%token CONTEXT
-%token DEFAULT
-%token DENIES
-%token DESCRIPTION
-%token EXTENDER
-%token FIGURES
-%token FIGUREMODE
-%token FIGURE_OPEN FIGURE_CLOSE
-%token FIGURE_BRACKET_CLOSE FIGURE_BRACKET_OPEN
-%token GROBDESCRIPTIONS
-%token HEADER
-%token HYPHEN
-%token INVALID
-%token KEY
-%token LAYOUT
-%token LYRICS
-%token LYRICMODE
-%token MARK
-%token MIDI
 %token MULTI_MEASURE_REST
-%token NAME
-%token NEWCONTEXT
-%token NOTEMODE
-%token OBJECTID        
-%token OCTAVE
-%token ONCE
-%token OVERRIDE SET REVERT
-%token PAPER
-%token PARTIAL
-%token QUOTE
-%token RELATIVE
-%token REMOVE
-%token REPEAT
-%token REST
-%token SCM_T
-%token SCORE
-%token SEQUENTIAL
-%token ADDLYRICS
-%token SIMULTANEOUS
-%token SKIP
-%token SPANREQUEST
-%token TAG
-%token TEMPO
-%token TIMES
-%token TIME_T
-%token TRANSPOSE
-%token TRANSPOSITION
-%token TYPE
-%token UNSET
-%token WITH
-%token MARKUP
-
-/* escaped */
-/* FIXME: this sucks.  The user will get to see these names:
-    syntax error, unexpected E_CHAR:
-               \
-                 %%
-  */
-
-%token E_CHAR E_EXCLAMATION E_SMALLER E_BIGGER E_OPEN E_CLOSE
-%token E_LEFTSQUARE E_RIGHTSQUARE E_TILDE
-%token E_BACKSLASH
-%token CHORD_BASS CHORD_COLON CHORD_MINUS CHORD_CARET  CHORD_SLASH
-%token FIGURE_SPACE
-
-%token <i>     DIGIT
-%token <i>     UNSIGNED
-%token <i> E_UNSIGNED
-%token <id>    IDENTIFIER
-%token <scm>   CHORDMODIFIER_PITCH
-%token <scm>   DRUM_PITCH
-%token <scm>   DURATION_IDENTIFIER
-%token <scm>   EVENT_IDENTIFIER
-%token <scm>   MUSIC_IDENTIFIER CONTEXT_DEF_IDENTIFIER
-%token <scm>   NOTENAME_PITCH
-%token <scm>   NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
-%token <scm>   OUTPUT_DEF_IDENTIFIER
-%token <scm>   RESTNAME
-%token <scm> LYRICS_STRING
-%token <scm>   SCM_T
-%token <scm>   SCORE_IDENTIFIER
-%token <scm>   STRING
-%token <scm>   STRING_IDENTIFIER SCM_IDENTIFIER
-%token <scm>   TONICNAME_PITCH
-%token <scm>   CHORD_MODIFIER
-%token <scm>    FRACTION
-%token <scm>   REAL
-%token <scm> MARKUP_HEAD_EMPTY
-%token <scm> MARKUP_HEAD_MARKUP0
-%token <scm> MARKUP_HEAD_MARKUP0_MARKUP1
-%token <scm> MARKUP_HEAD_SCM0
-%token <scm> MARKUP_HEAD_SCM0_MARKUP1
-%token <scm> MARKUP_HEAD_SCM0_SCM1
-%token <scm> MARKUP_HEAD_SCM0_SCM1_MARKUP2
-%token <scm> MARKUP_HEAD_SCM0_SCM1_SCM2
-%token <scm> MARKUP_IDENTIFIER MARKUP_HEAD_LIST0
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_MUSIC 
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_MUSIC_MUSIC 
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM 
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM 
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_MUSIC 
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_MUSIC_MUSIC 
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM_MUSIC 
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_MARKUP 
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_MARKUP_MARKUP 
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_MARKUP_MUSIC 
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_MARKUP_MUSIC_MUSIC 
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_MARKUP_MARKUP_MUSIC 
-
-%token DRUMS
-%token DRUMMODE
-
-
-%type <book>   book_block book_body
-%type <i>      bare_int  bare_unsigned
-%type <i>      exclamations questions dots optional_rest
-%type <i>      script_dir
-%type <i>      sub_quotes sup_quotes
-%type <i>      tremolo_type
-%type <i>      bass_mod
-
-%type <music>  Composite_music Simple_music Prefix_composite_music Generic_prefix_music
-%type <music>  Grouped_music_list
-%type <music>  Music Sequential_music Simultaneous_music
-%type <music>  Repeated_music
-%type <music>  command_req
-%type <music>  gen_text_def direction_less_event direction_reqd_event
-%type <music>  music_property_def context_change
-%type <music>  note_chord_element chord_body chord_body_element
-%type <music>  post_event tagged_post_event
-%type <music>  relative_music re_rhythmed_music
-%type <music>  simple_element event_chord command_element
-%type <music>  string_number_event
-%type <music>  toplevel_music
-%type <music>  tempo_event
-
-%type <outputdef>      output_def_body output_def_head
-%type <outputdef> output_def paper_block 
-
-%type <scm>     assignment_id
-%type <scm>    Music_list
-%type <scm>    chord_body_elements
-%type <scm>    chord_item chord_items chord_separator new_chord
-%type <scm>    context_def_spec_block context_def_spec_body
-%type <scm>    context_mod context_def_mod optional_context_mod
-%type <scm>    context_prop_spec
-%type <scm>    direction_less_char
-%type <scm>    duration_length fraction
-%type <scm>    embedded_scm scalar
-%type <scm>    identifier_init
-%type <scm>    lilypond_header lilypond_header_body
-%type <scm>    new_lyrics
-%type <scm>    post_events
-%type <scm>    property_operation
-%type <scm>    script_abbreviation
-%type <scm>    simple_string
-%type <scm>    steno_pitch pitch absolute_pitch pitch_also_in_chords
-%type <scm>    steno_tonic_pitch
-%type <scm>    step_number step_numbers 
-%type <scm>    string bare_number number_expression number_term number_factor
-%type <scm>    bass_number br_bass_figure bass_figure figure_list figure_spec
-%type <scm>    context_mod_list
-%type <scm>    octave_check
-%type <scm>    steno_duration optional_notemode_duration multiplied_duration
-%type <scm>    Generic_prefix_music_scm 
-%type <scm>    lyric_element
-%type <scm>     Alternative_music
-%type <scm>    full_markup markup_list markup_composed_list markup_braced_list markup_braced_list_body 
-%type <scm>    markup_head_1_item markup_head_1_list markup simple_markup markup_top
-%type <scm>    mode_changing_head
-%type <scm>    mode_changing_head_with_context
-%type <scm>     object_id_setting 
-
-%type <score>  score_block score_body
 
 
+%token E_UNSIGNED
+%token UNSIGNED
+
+/* Artificial tokens, for more generic function syntax */
+%token EXPECT_MARKUP "markup?"
+%token EXPECT_SCM "scheme?"
+%token BACKUP "(backed-up?)"
+%token REPARSE "(reparsed?)"
+%token EXPECT_MARKUP_LIST "markup-list?"
+%token EXPECT_OPTIONAL "optional?"
+/* After the last argument. */
+%token EXPECT_NO_MORE_ARGS;
+
+/* An artificial token for parsing embedded Lilypond */
+%token EMBEDDED_LILY "#{"
+
+%token BOOK_IDENTIFIER
+%token CHORD_MODIFIER
+%token CHORD_REPETITION
+%token DRUM_PITCH
+ /* Artificial token for durations in argument lists */
+%token DURATION_ARG
+%token DURATION_IDENTIFIER
+%token EVENT_IDENTIFIER
+%token EVENT_FUNCTION
+%token FRACTION
+%token LOOKUP_IDENTIFIER
+%token LYRIC_ELEMENT
+%token MARKUP_FUNCTION
+%token MARKUP_LIST_FUNCTION
+%token MARKUP_IDENTIFIER
+%token MARKUPLIST_IDENTIFIER
+%token MUSIC_FUNCTION
+%token MUSIC_IDENTIFIER
+%token NOTENAME_PITCH
+%token NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
+%token PITCH_IDENTIFIER
+%token REAL
+%token RESTNAME
+%token SCM_ARG
+%token SCM_FUNCTION
+%token SCM_IDENTIFIER
+%token SCM_TOKEN
+%token STRING
+%token SYMBOL_LIST
+%token TONICNAME_PITCH
+%token SYMBOL
+
 %left '-' '+'
 
 /* We don't assign precedence to / and *, because we might need varied
@@ -464,189 +386,544 @@ prec levels in different prods */
 
 %%
 
-lilypond:      /* empty */
+start_symbol:
+       lilypond
+       | EMBEDDED_LILY {
+               parser->lexer_->push_note_state (Lily::pitchnames);
+       } embedded_lilypond {
+               parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
+                *retval = $3;
+       }
+       ;
+
+lilypond:      /* empty */ { $$ = SCM_UNSPECIFIED; }
        | lilypond toplevel_expression {
        }
        | lilypond assignment {
        }
        | lilypond error {
-               THIS->error_level_ = 1;
+               parser->error_level_ = 1;
        }
        | lilypond INVALID      {
-               THIS->error_level_ = 1;
+               parser->error_level_ = 1;
        }
        ;
 
 
-object_id_setting:
-       OBJECTID STRING { $$ = $2; } 
-       ;
-
 toplevel_expression:
-       lilypond_header {
-               THIS->lexer_->set_identifier (ly_symbol2scm ("$globalheader"), $1);
-       }
-       | add_quote {
-       
+       header_block {
+               parser->lexer_->set_identifier (ly_symbol2scm ("$defaultheader"), $1);
        }
        | book_block {
-               Book *book = $1;
-               SCM proc = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-book-handler");
-               scm_call_2 (proc, THIS->self_scm (), book->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (book->self_scm ());
+               SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-book-handler");
+               scm_call_1 (proc, $1);
+       }
+       | bookpart_block {
+               SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-bookpart-handler");
+               scm_call_1 (proc, $1);
+       }
+       | BOOK_IDENTIFIER {
+               SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier
+                       (unsmob<Book>($1)->paper_
+                        ? "toplevel-book-handler"
+                        : "toplevel-bookpart-handler");
+               scm_call_1 (proc, $1);
        }
        | score_block {
-               Score *score = $1;
-               
-               SCM proc = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-score-handler");
-               scm_call_2 (proc, THIS->self_scm (), score->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (score->self_scm ());
-       }
-       | toplevel_music {
-               Music *music = $1;
-               SCM proc = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-music-handler");
-               scm_call_2 (proc, THIS->self_scm (), music->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (music->self_scm ());
+               SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-score-handler");
+               scm_call_1 (proc, $1);
+       }
+       | composite_music {
+               SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-music-handler");
+               scm_call_1 (proc, $1);
+       }
+       | full_markup {
+               SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-text-handler");
+               scm_call_1 (proc, scm_list_1 ($1));
+       }
+       | full_markup_list {
+               SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-text-handler");
+               scm_call_1 (proc, $1);
+       }
+       | SCM_TOKEN {
+               // Evaluate and ignore #xxx, as opposed to \xxx
+               parser->lexer_->eval_scm_token ($1, @1);
+       }
+       | embedded_scm_active
+       {
+               SCM out = SCM_UNDEFINED;
+               if (Text_interface::is_markup ($1))
+                       out = scm_list_1 ($1);
+               else if (Text_interface::is_markup_list ($1))
+                       out = $1;
+               if (scm_is_pair (out))
+               {
+                       SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-text-handler");
+                       scm_call_1 (proc, out);
+               } else if (unsmob<Score> ($1))
+               {
+                       SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-score-handler");
+                       scm_call_1 (proc, $1);
+               } else if (Output_def * od = unsmob<Output_def> ($1)) {
+                       SCM id = SCM_EOL;
+
+                       if (to_boolean (od->c_variable ("is-paper")))
+                               id = ly_symbol2scm ("$defaultpaper");
+                       else if (to_boolean (od->c_variable ("is-midi")))
+                               id = ly_symbol2scm ("$defaultmidi");
+                       else if (to_boolean (od->c_variable ("is-layout")))
+                               id = ly_symbol2scm ("$defaultlayout");
+
+                       parser->lexer_->set_identifier (id, $1);
+               } else if (ly_is_module ($1))
+               {
+                       SCM module = get_header (parser);
+                       ly_module_copy (module, $1);
+                       parser->lexer_->set_identifier
+                               (ly_symbol2scm ("$defaultheader"), module);
+               } else if (!scm_is_eq ($1, SCM_UNSPECIFIED))
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, _("bad expression type"));
        }
        | output_def {
                SCM id = SCM_EOL;
-               Output_def * od = $1;
+               Output_def * od = unsmob<Output_def> ($1);
 
-               if ($1->c_variable ("is-paper") == SCM_BOOL_T)
+               if (to_boolean (od->c_variable ("is-paper")))
                        id = ly_symbol2scm ("$defaultpaper");
-               else if ($1->c_variable ("is-midi") == SCM_BOOL_T)
+               else if (to_boolean (od->c_variable ("is-midi")))
                        id = ly_symbol2scm ("$defaultmidi");
-               else if ($1->c_variable ("is-layout") == SCM_BOOL_T)
+               else if (to_boolean (od->c_variable ("is-layout")))
                        id = ly_symbol2scm ("$defaultlayout");
 
-               THIS->lexer_->set_identifier (id, od->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (od->self_scm ());
+               parser->lexer_->set_identifier (id, $1);
        }
        ;
 
-toplevel_music:
-       Composite_music {
+lookup:
+       LOOKUP_IDENTIFIER
+       | LOOKUP_IDENTIFIER '.' symbol_list_rev
+       {
+               $$ = loc_on_copy (parser, @$,
+                                 nested_property ($1, scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL)));
        }
        ;
 
-embedded_scm:
-       SCM_T
+embedded_scm_bare:
+       SCM_TOKEN
+       {
+               $$ = parser->lexer_->eval_scm_token ($1, @1);
+       }
        | SCM_IDENTIFIER
        ;
 
+embedded_scm_active:
+       SCM_IDENTIFIER
+       | scm_function_call
+       | lookup
+       ;
 
-lilypond_header_body:
+embedded_scm_bare_arg:
+       SCM_ARG
+       | SCM_TOKEN
+       {
+               $$ = parser->lexer_->eval_scm_token ($1, @1);
+       }
+       | FRACTION
+       | partial_markup
+       | full_markup_list
+       | context_modification
+       | header_block
+       | score_block
+       | context_def_spec_block
+       | book_block
+       | bookpart_block
+       | output_def
+       | lookup
+       ;
+
+/* The generic version may end in music, or not */
+
+embedded_scm:
+       embedded_scm_bare
+       | scm_function_call
+       | lookup
+       ;
+
+/* embedded_scm_arg is _not_ casting pitches to music by default, this
+ * has to be done by the function itself.  Note that this may cause
+ * the results of scm_function_call or embedded_scm_bare_arg to be
+ * turned into music from pitches as well.  Note that this creates a
+ * distinctly awkward situation for calculated drum pitches.  Those
+ * are at the current point of time rejected as music constituents as
+ * they can't be distinguished from "proper" symbols.
+ */
+
+embedded_scm_arg:
+       embedded_scm_bare_arg
+       | scm_function_call
+       | music_assign
+       ;
+
+scm_function_call:
+       SCM_FUNCTION function_arglist {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (music_function, @$,
+                                 $1, $2);
+       }
+       ;
+
+embedded_lilypond_number:
+       '-' embedded_lilypond_number
+       {
+               $$ = scm_difference ($2, SCM_UNDEFINED);
+       }
+       | bare_number_common
+       | UNSIGNED NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
+       {
+               $$ = scm_product ($1, $2);
+       }
+       ;
+
+embedded_lilypond:
+       /* empty */
+       {
+               // FIXME: @$ does not contain a useful source location
+               // for empty rules, and the only token in the whole
+               // production, EMBEDDED_LILY, is synthetic and also
+               // contains no source location.
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (void_music, @$);
+       }
+       | identifier_init_nonumber
+       | embedded_lilypond_number
+       | post_event post_events
        {
-               $$ = ly_make_anonymous_module (be_safe_global);
-               THIS->lexer_->add_scope ($$);
+               $$ = scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL);
+               if (Music *m = unsmob<Music> ($1))
+               {
+                       if (m->is_mus_type ("post-event-wrapper"))
+                               $$ = scm_append
+                                       (scm_list_2 (m->get_property ("elements"),
+                                                    $$));
+                       else
+                               $$ = scm_cons ($1, $$);
+               }
+               if (scm_is_pair ($$)
+                   && scm_is_null (scm_cdr ($$)))
+                       $$ = scm_car ($$);
+               else
+               {
+                       Music * m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("PostEvents", @$);
+                       m->set_property ("elements", $$);
+                       $$ = m->unprotect ();
+               }
+       }
+       | multiplied_duration
+       | music_embedded music_embedded music_list {
+               $3 = scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL);
+               if (unsmob<Music> ($2))
+                       $3 = scm_cons ($2, $3);
+               if (unsmob<Music> ($1))
+                       $3 = scm_cons ($1, $3);
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (sequential_music, @$, $3);
+       }
+       | error {
+               parser->error_level_ = 1;
+                $$ = SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
        }
+       | INVALID embedded_lilypond {
+               parser->error_level_ = 1;
+                $$ = $2;
+       }
+       ;
+
+
+lilypond_header_body:
+       /* empty */ { $$ = SCM_UNSPECIFIED; }
        | lilypond_header_body assignment  {
-               
+
+       }
+       | lilypond_header_body SCM_TOKEN {
+               // Evaluate and ignore #xxx, as opposed to \xxx
+               parser->lexer_->eval_scm_token ($2, @2);
+       }
+       | lilypond_header_body embedded_scm_active {
+               if (ly_is_module ($2))
+                       ly_module_copy (scm_current_module (), $2);
+               else if (!scm_is_eq ($2, SCM_UNSPECIFIED))
+                       parser->parser_error (@2, _("bad expression type"));
        }
        ;
 
 lilypond_header:
        HEADER '{' lilypond_header_body '}'     {
-               $$ = THIS->lexer_->remove_scope ();
+               $$ = parser->lexer_->remove_scope ();
        }
        ;
 
+header_block:
+       {
+               parser->lexer_->add_scope (get_header (parser));
+       } lilypond_header {
+               $$ = $2;
+       }
+       ;
 
 /*
        DECLARATIONS
 */
 assignment_id:
-       STRING          { $$ = $1; }
-       | LYRICS_STRING { $$ = $1; }
+       STRING
+       {
+               $$ = scm_string_to_symbol ($1);
+       }
+       | SYMBOL
+       {
+               $$ = scm_string_to_symbol ($1);
+       }
        ;
 
 assignment:
        assignment_id '=' identifier_init  {
-               if (! is_regular_identifier ($1))
+               parser->lexer_->set_identifier ($1, $3);
+                $$ = SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
+       }
+       | assignment_id '.' property_path '=' identifier_init {
+               SCM path = scm_cons ($1, $3);
+               parser->lexer_->set_identifier (path, $5);
+                $$ = SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
+       }
+       | assignment_id ',' property_path '=' identifier_init {
+               SCM path = scm_cons ($1, $3);
+               parser->lexer_->set_identifier (path, $5);
+                $$ = SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
+       }
+       | markup_mode_word '=' identifier_init
+       {
+               if (scm_is_false (Lily::markup_function_p ($3)))
                {
-                       @1.warning (_ ("Identifier should have alphabetic characters only"));
+                       parser->parser_error (@3, _ ("Not a markup function"));
+               } else {
+                       scm_primitive_eval
+                               (scm_list_3
+                                (Lily::define_markup_command,
+                                 scm_string_to_symbol ($1),
+                                 ly_quote_scm ($3)));
                }
+               $$ = SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
+       }
+       ;
 
-               THIS->lexer_->set_identifier ($1, $3);
-
-/*
- TODO: devise standard for protection in parser.
-
-  The parser stack lives on the C-stack, which means that
-all objects can be unprotected as soon as they're here.
 
-*/
+identifier_init:
+       identifier_init_nonumber
+       | number_expression
+       | symbol_list_part_bare '.' property_path
+       {
+               $$ = scm_reverse_x ($1, $3);
+       }
+       | symbol_list_part_bare ',' property_path
+       {
+               $$ = scm_reverse_x ($1, $3);
+       }
+       | post_event_nofinger post_events
+       {
+               $$ = scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL);
+               if (Music *m = unsmob<Music> ($1))
+               {
+                       if (m->is_mus_type ("post-event-wrapper"))
+                               $$ = scm_append
+                                       (scm_list_2 (m->get_property ("elements"),
+                                                    $$));
+                       else
+                               $$ = scm_cons ($1, $$);
+               }
+               if (scm_is_pair ($$)
+                   && scm_is_null (scm_cdr ($$)))
+                       $$ = scm_car ($$);
+               else
+               {
+                       Music * m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("PostEvents", @$);
+                       m->set_property ("elements", $$);
+                       $$ = m->unprotect ();
+               }
        }
-       | embedded_scm { }
        ;
 
+identifier_init_nonumber:
+       header_block
+       | score_block
+       | book_block
+       | bookpart_block
+       | output_def
+       | context_def_spec_block
+       | music_assign
+       | pitch_or_music
+       | FRACTION
+       | string
+       | embedded_scm
+       | partial_markup
+       | full_markup_list
+        | context_modification
+       | partial_function ETC
+       {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (partial_music_function, @$,
+                                 scm_reverse_x ($1, SCM_EOL));
+       }
+       ;
 
-identifier_init:
-       score_block {
-               $$ = $1->self_scm ();
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($$);
+// Partial functions
+partial_function:
+       MUSIC_FUNCTION function_arglist_partial
+       {
+               $$ = scm_acons ($1, $2, SCM_EOL);
        }
-       | output_def {
-               $$ = $1->self_scm ();
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($$);
+       | EVENT_FUNCTION function_arglist_partial
+       {
+               $$ = scm_acons ($1, $2, SCM_EOL);
        }
-       | context_def_spec_block {
-               $$ = $1;
+       | SCM_FUNCTION function_arglist_partial
+       {
+               $$ = scm_acons ($1, $2, SCM_EOL);
        }
-       | Music  {
-               $$ = $1->self_scm ();
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($$);
+       | OVERRIDE grob_prop_path '='
+       {
+               if (SCM_UNBNDP ($2))
+                       $$ = scm_list_1 (SCM_BOOL_F);
+               else
+                       $$ = scm_cons
+                               (scm_list_3 (Syntax::property_override_function,
+                                            scm_cdr ($2), scm_car ($2)),
+                                SCM_EOL);
        }
-       | post_event {
-               $$ = $1->self_scm ();
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($$);
+       | SET context_prop_spec '='
+       {
+               if (SCM_UNBNDP ($2))
+                       $$ = scm_list_1 (SCM_BOOL_F);
+               else
+                       $$ = scm_cons
+                               (scm_list_3 (Syntax::property_set_function,
+                                            scm_cadr ($2), scm_car ($2)),
+                                SCM_EOL);
        }
-       | number_expression {
-               $$ = $1;
+       | MUSIC_FUNCTION EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional partial_function
+       {
+               $$ = scm_acons ($1, $3, $4);
        }
-       | string {
-               $$ = $1;
+       | EVENT_FUNCTION EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional partial_function
+       {
+               $$ = scm_acons ($1, $3, $4);
        }
-        | embedded_scm {
-               $$ = $1;
+       | SCM_FUNCTION EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional partial_function
+       {
+               $$ = scm_acons ($1, $3, $4);
        }
-       | full_markup {
-               $$ = $1;
+       | OVERRIDE grob_prop_path '=' partial_function
+       {
+               if (SCM_UNBNDP ($2))
+                       $$ = scm_list_1 (SCM_BOOL_F);
+               else
+                       $$ = scm_cons
+                               (scm_list_3 (Syntax::property_override_function,
+                                            scm_cdr ($2), scm_car ($2)),
+                                $4);
+       }
+       | SET context_prop_spec '=' partial_function
+       {
+               if (SCM_UNBNDP ($2))
+                       $$ = scm_list_1 (SCM_BOOL_F);
+               else
+                       $$ = scm_cons
+                               (scm_list_3 (Syntax::property_set_function,
+                                            scm_cadr ($2), scm_car ($2)),
+                                $4);
        }
-       | DIGIT {
-               $$ = scm_int2num ($1);
+       | MUSIC_FUNCTION EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup partial_function
+       {
+               $$ = scm_acons ($1, $4, $5);
+       }
+       | EVENT_FUNCTION EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup partial_function
+       {
+               $$ = scm_acons ($1, $4, $5);
+       }
+       | SCM_FUNCTION EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup partial_function
+       {
+               $$ = scm_acons ($1, $4, $5);
        }
        ;
 
 context_def_spec_block:
        CONTEXT '{' context_def_spec_body '}'
-               {
+       {
                $$ = $3;
+               Context_def *td = unsmob<Context_def> ($$);
+               if (!td) {
+                       $$ = Context_def::make_scm ();
+                       td = unsmob<Context_def> ($$);
+               }
+               td->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
        }
        ;
 
-context_def_spec_body:
-       /**/ {
-               $$ = Context_def::make_scm ();
-               unsmob_context_def ($$)->set_spot (@$);
+context_mod_arg:
+       embedded_scm
+       |
+       {
+               parser->lexer_->push_note_state (Lily::pitchnames);
        }
-       | CONTEXT_DEF_IDENTIFIER {
-               $$ = $1;
-               unsmob_context_def ($$)->set_spot (@$);
+       composite_music
+       {
+               parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               $$ = $2;
        }
-       | context_def_spec_body GROBDESCRIPTIONS embedded_scm {
-               Context_def*td = unsmob_context_def ($$);
+       ;
 
-               for (SCM p = $3; scm_is_pair (p); p = scm_cdr (p)) {
-                       SCM tag = scm_caar (p);
 
-                       /* TODO: should make new tag "grob-definition" ? */
-                       td->add_context_mod (scm_list_3 (ly_symbol2scm ("assign"),
-                                                       tag, scm_cons (scm_cdar (p), SCM_EOL)));
-               }
+context_def_spec_body:
+       /**/ {
+               $$ = SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
        }
        | context_def_spec_body context_mod {
-               unsmob_context_def ($$)->add_context_mod ($2);          
+               if (!SCM_UNBNDP ($2)) {
+                       Context_def *td = unsmob<Context_def> ($$);
+                       if (!td) {
+                               $$ = Context_def::make_scm ();
+                               td = unsmob<Context_def> ($$);
+                       }
+                       unsmob<Context_def> ($$)->add_context_mod ($2);
+               }
+       }
+       | context_def_spec_body context_modification {
+                Context_def *td = unsmob<Context_def> ($$);
+               if (!td) {
+                       $$ = Context_def::make_scm ();
+                       td = unsmob<Context_def> ($$);
+               }
+                SCM new_mods = unsmob<Context_mod> ($2)->get_mods ();
+                for (SCM m = new_mods; scm_is_pair (m); m = scm_cdr (m)) {
+                    td->add_context_mod (scm_car (m));
+                }
+       }
+       | context_def_spec_body context_mod_arg {
+               Context_def *td = unsmob<Context_def> ($1);
+               if (scm_is_eq ($2, SCM_UNSPECIFIED))
+                       ;
+               else if (!td && unsmob<Context_def> ($2))
+                       $$ = $2;
+               else {
+                       if (!td) {
+                               $$ = Context_def::make_scm ();
+                               td = unsmob<Context_def> ($$);
+                       }
+                       if (unsmob<Music> ($2)) {
+                               SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("context-mod-music-handler");
+                               $2 = scm_call_1 (proc, $2);
+                       }
+                       if (Context_mod *cm = unsmob<Context_mod> ($2)) {
+                               for (SCM m = cm->get_mods (); scm_is_pair (m); m = scm_cdr (m)) {
+                                       td->add_context_mod (scm_car (m));
+                               }
+                       } else
+                               parser->parser_error (@2, _ ("not a context mod"));
+               }
        }
        ;
 
@@ -655,6 +932,9 @@ context_def_spec_body:
 book_block:
        BOOK '{' book_body '}'  {
                $$ = $3;
+               unsmob<Book> ($$)->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
+               pop_paper (parser);
+               parser->lexer_->set_identifier (ly_symbol2scm ("$current-book"), SCM_BOOL_F);
        }
        ;
 
@@ -663,72 +943,283 @@ book_block:
    * grok \layout and \midi?  */
 book_body:
        {
-               $$ = new Book;
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
-               $$->paper_ = dynamic_cast<Output_def*> (unsmob_output_def (THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("$defaultpaper"))->clone ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($$->paper_->self_scm ());
-               $$->header_ = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("$globalheader"); 
+               Book *book = new Book;
+               init_papers (parser);
+               book->paper_ = dynamic_cast<Output_def*> (unsmob<Output_def> (parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("$defaultpaper"))->clone ());
+               book->paper_->unprotect ();
+               push_paper (parser, book->paper_);
+               book->header_ = get_header (parser);
+                $$ = book->unprotect ();
+               parser->lexer_->set_identifier (ly_symbol2scm ("$current-book"), $$);
+       }
+       | BOOK_IDENTIFIER {
+               parser->lexer_->set_identifier (ly_symbol2scm ("$current-book"), $1);
        }
        | book_body paper_block {
-               $$->paper_ = $2;
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($2->self_scm ());
+               unsmob<Book> ($1)->paper_ = unsmob<Output_def> ($2);
+               set_paper (parser, unsmob<Output_def> ($2));
+       }
+       | book_body bookpart_block {
+               SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("book-bookpart-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, $1, $2);
        }
        | book_body score_block {
-               Score *score = $2;
-               $$->add_score (score);
+               SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("book-score-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, $1, $2);
        }
-       | book_body lilypond_header {
-               $$->header_ = $2;
+       | book_body composite_music {
+               SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("book-music-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, $1, $2);
        }
-       | book_body error {
-               $$->paper_ = 0;
-               $$->scores_.clear();
+       | book_body full_markup {
+               SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("book-text-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, $1, scm_list_1 ($2));
+       }
+       | book_body full_markup_list {
+               SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("book-text-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, $1, $2);
        }
-       | book_body object_id_setting {
-               $$->user_key_ = ly_scm2string ($2);
+       | book_body SCM_TOKEN {
+               // Evaluate and ignore #xxx, as opposed to \xxx
+               parser->lexer_->eval_scm_token ($2, @2);
+       }
+       | book_body embedded_scm_active
+       {
+               SCM out = SCM_UNDEFINED;
+               if (Text_interface::is_markup ($2))
+                       out = scm_list_1 ($2);
+               else if (Text_interface::is_markup_list ($2))
+                       out = $2;
+               if (scm_is_pair (out))
+               {
+                       SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("book-text-handler");
+                       scm_call_2 (proc, $1, out);
+               } else if (unsmob<Score> ($2))
+               {
+                       SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("book-score-handler");
+                       scm_call_2 (proc, $1, $2);
+               } else if (Output_def *od = unsmob<Output_def> ($2)) {
+                       if (to_boolean (od->lookup_variable (ly_symbol2scm ("is-paper")))) {
+                               unsmob<Book> ($1)->paper_ = od;
+                               set_paper (parser, od);
+                       } else {
+                               parser->parser_error (@2, _ ("need \\paper for paper block"));
+                       }
+               } else if (ly_is_module ($2))
+               {
+                       ly_module_copy (unsmob<Book> ($1)->header_, $2);
+               } else if (!scm_is_eq ($2, SCM_UNSPECIFIED))
+                       parser->parser_error (@2, _("bad expression type"));
+       }
+       | book_body
+       {
+               parser->lexer_->add_scope (unsmob<Book> ($1)->header_);
+       } lilypond_header
+       | book_body error {
+                Book *book = unsmob<Book> ($1);
+               book->paper_ = 0;
+               book->scores_ = SCM_EOL;
+               book->bookparts_ = SCM_EOL;
        }
        ;
 
-score_block:
-       SCORE '{' score_body '}'        {
+bookpart_block:
+       BOOKPART '{' bookpart_body '}' {
                $$ = $3;
+               unsmob<Book> ($$)->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
+               parser->lexer_->set_identifier (ly_symbol2scm ("$current-bookpart"), SCM_BOOL_F);
        }
        ;
 
-score_body:
-       /**/    {
-               $$ = new Score;
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
+bookpart_body:
+       {
+               Book *book = new Book;
+                $$ = book->unprotect ();
+               parser->lexer_->set_identifier (ly_symbol2scm ("$current-bookpart"), $$);
+       }
+       | BOOK_IDENTIFIER {
+               parser->lexer_->set_identifier (ly_symbol2scm ("$current-bookpart"), $1);
        }
-       | SCORE_IDENTIFIER {
-               $$ = new Score ( *unsmob_score ($1));
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
+       | bookpart_body paper_block {
+               unsmob<Book> ($$)->paper_ = unsmob<Output_def> ($2);
        }
-       | score_body object_id_setting {
-               $$->user_key_ = ly_scm2string ($2);
+       | bookpart_body score_block {
+               SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("bookpart-score-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, $1, $2);
        }
-       | score_body Music {
-               SCM m = $2->self_scm ();
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (m);
-               $$->set_music (m, THIS->self_scm ());
+       | bookpart_body composite_music {
+               SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("bookpart-music-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, $1, $2);
        }
-       | score_body lilypond_header    {
-               $$->header_ = $2;
+       | bookpart_body full_markup {
+               SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("bookpart-text-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, $1, scm_list_1 ($2));
        }
-       | score_body output_def {
-               if ($2->lookup_variable (ly_symbol2scm ("is-paper")) == SCM_BOOL_T)
+       | bookpart_body full_markup_list {
+               SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("bookpart-text-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, $1, $2);
+       }
+       | bookpart_body SCM_TOKEN {
+               // Evaluate and ignore #xxx, as opposed to \xxx
+               parser->lexer_->eval_scm_token ($2, @2);
+       }
+       | bookpart_body embedded_scm_active
+       {
+               SCM out = SCM_UNDEFINED;
+               if (Text_interface::is_markup ($2))
+                       out = scm_list_1 ($2);
+               else if (Text_interface::is_markup_list ($2))
+                       out = $2;
+               if (scm_is_pair (out))
                {
-                       THIS->parser_error (@2, _("\\paper cannot be in \\score. Use \\layout instead"));
-               
-               }
-               else
+                       SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("bookpart-text-handler");
+                       scm_call_2 (proc, $1, out);
+               } else if (unsmob<Score> ($2))
                {
-                       $$->defs_.push ($2);
+                       SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("bookpart-score-handler");
+                       scm_call_2 (proc, $1, $2);
+               } else if (Output_def *od = unsmob<Output_def> ($2)) {
+                       if (to_boolean (od->lookup_variable (ly_symbol2scm ("is-paper")))) {
+                               unsmob<Book> ($1)->paper_ = od;
+                       } else {
+                               parser->parser_error (@2, _ ("need \\paper for paper block"));
+                       }
+               } else if (ly_is_module ($2)) {
+                       Book *book = unsmob<Book> ($1);
+                       if (!ly_is_module (book->header_))
+                               book->header_ = ly_make_module (false);
+                       ly_module_copy (book->header_, $2);
+               } else if (!scm_is_eq ($2, SCM_UNSPECIFIED))
+                       parser->parser_error (@2, _("bad expression type"));
+       }
+       | bookpart_body
+       {
+                Book *book = unsmob<Book> ($1);
+               if (!ly_is_module (book->header_))
+                       book->header_ = ly_make_module (false);
+               parser->lexer_->add_scope (book->header_);
+       } lilypond_header
+       | bookpart_body error {
+                Book *book = unsmob<Book> ($1);
+               book->paper_ = 0;
+               book->scores_ = SCM_EOL;
+       }
+       ;
+
+score_block:
+       SCORE '{' score_body '}'        {
+               unsmob<Score> ($3)->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
+               $$ = $3;
+       }
+       ;
+
+score_body:
+       score_items {
+               if (!unsmob<Score> ($1)) {
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, _("Missing music in \\score"));
+                       $$ = (new Score)->unprotect ();
+                       if (scm_is_pair ($1) && ly_is_module (scm_car ($1)))
+                       {
+                               unsmob<Score> ($$)->set_header (scm_car ($1));
+                               $1 = scm_cdr ($1);
+                       }
+                       for (SCM p = scm_reverse_x ($1, SCM_EOL);
+                            scm_is_pair (p); p = scm_cdr (p))
+                       {
+                               unsmob<Score> ($$)->
+                                       add_output_def (unsmob<Output_def> (scm_car (p)));
+                       }
                }
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($2->self_scm ());
        }
        | score_body error {
-               $$->error_found_ = true;
+               unsmob<Score> ($$)->error_found_ = true;
+       }
+       ;
+
+score_item:
+       embedded_scm
+       | music
+       | output_def
+       ;
+
+score_items:
+       /* empty */
+       {
+               $$ = SCM_EOL;
+       }
+       | score_items score_item
+       {
+               Output_def *od = unsmob<Output_def> ($2);
+               if (od) {
+                       if (to_boolean (od->lookup_variable (ly_symbol2scm ("is-paper"))))
+                       {
+                               parser->parser_error (@2, _("\\paper cannot be used in \\score, use \\layout instead"));
+                               od = 0;
+                               $2 = SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
+                       }
+               } else if (!unsmob<Score> ($$)) {
+                       if (unsmob<Music> ($2)) {
+                               $2 = Lily::scorify_music ($2);
+                       }
+                       if (unsmob<Score> ($2))
+                       {
+                               $$ = $2;
+                               $2 = SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
+                       }
+               }
+               Score *score = unsmob<Score> ($$);
+               if (score && scm_is_pair ($1)) {
+                       if (ly_is_module (scm_car ($1)))
+                       {
+                               score->set_header (scm_car ($1));
+                               $1 = scm_cdr ($1);
+                       }
+                       for (SCM p = scm_reverse_x ($1, SCM_EOL);
+                            scm_is_pair (p); p = scm_cdr (p))
+                       {
+                               score->add_output_def (unsmob<Output_def> (scm_car (p)));
+                       }
+               }
+               if (od) {
+                       if (score)
+                               score->add_output_def (od);
+                       else if (scm_is_pair ($$) && ly_is_module (scm_car ($$)))
+                               scm_set_cdr_x ($$, scm_cons ($2, scm_cdr ($$)));
+                       else
+                               $$ = scm_cons ($2, $$);
+               } else if (ly_is_module ($2)) {
+                       SCM module = SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
+                       if (score) {
+                               module = score->get_header ();
+                               if (!ly_is_module (module))
+                               {
+                                       module = ly_make_module (false);
+                                       score->set_header (module);
+                               }
+                       } else if (scm_is_pair ($$) && ly_is_module (scm_car ($$)))
+                               module = scm_car ($$);
+                       else {
+                               module = ly_make_module (false);
+                               $$ = scm_cons (module, $$);
+                       }
+                       ly_module_copy (module, $2);
+               } else if (!scm_is_eq ($2, SCM_UNSPECIFIED))
+                       parser->parser_error (@2, _("Spurious expression in \\score"));
+       }
+       | score_items
+       {
+               if (Score *score = unsmob<Score> ($1)) {
+                       if (!ly_is_module (score->get_header ()))
+                               score->set_header (ly_make_module (false));
+                       parser->lexer_->add_scope (score->get_header ());
+               } else {
+                       if (!scm_is_pair ($1) || !ly_is_module (scm_car ($1)))
+                               $1 = scm_cons (ly_make_module (false), $1);
+                       parser->lexer_->add_scope (scm_car ($1));
+               }
+       } lilypond_header
+       {
+               $$ = $1;
        }
        ;
 
@@ -739,11 +1230,12 @@ score_body:
 
 paper_block:
        output_def {
-               $$ = $1;
-               if ($$->lookup_variable (ly_symbol2scm ("is-paper")) != SCM_BOOL_T)
+                Output_def *od = unsmob<Output_def> ($1);
+
+               if (!to_boolean (od->lookup_variable (ly_symbol2scm ("is-paper"))))
                {
-                       THIS->parser_error (@1, _("Need \\paper for paper block."));
-                       $$ = get_paper (THIS);
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("need \\paper for paper block"));
+                       $$ = get_paper (parser)->unprotect ();
                }
        }
        ;
@@ -751,579 +1243,1534 @@ paper_block:
 
 output_def:
        output_def_body '}' {
-               $$ = $1;
+               if (scm_is_pair ($1))
+                       $$ = scm_car ($1);
 
-               THIS->lexer_->remove_scope ();
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               parser->lexer_->remove_scope ();
+               parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
        }
        ;
 
 output_def_head:
        PAPER {
-               $$ = get_paper (THIS);
-               $$->input_origin_ = @$;
-               THIS->lexer_->add_scope ($$->scope_);
+                Output_def *p = get_paper (parser);
+               p->input_origin_ = @$;
+               parser->lexer_->add_scope (p->scope_);
+                $$ = p->unprotect ();
        }
        | MIDI    {
-               Output_def *p = get_midi (THIS);
-               $$ = p;
-               THIS->lexer_->add_scope (p->scope_);
+               Output_def *p = get_midi (parser);
+               $$ = p->unprotect ();
+               parser->lexer_->add_scope (p->scope_);
+       }
+       | LAYOUT        {
+               Output_def *p = get_layout (parser);
+
+               parser->lexer_->add_scope (p->scope_);
+               $$ = p->unprotect ();
+       }
+       ;
+
+output_def_head_with_mode_switch:
+       output_def_head {
+               parser->lexer_->push_initial_state ();
+               $$ = $1;
+       }
+       ;
+
+// We need this weird nonterminal because both music as well as a
+// context definition can start with \context and the difference is
+// only apparent after looking at the next token.  If it is '{', there
+// is still time to escape from notes mode.
+
+music_or_context_def:
+       music_assign
+       | context_def_spec_block
+       ;
+
+output_def_body:
+       output_def_head_with_mode_switch '{' {
+               unsmob<Output_def> ($1)->input_origin_.set_spot (@$);
+               // This is a stupid trick to mark the beginning of the
+               // body for deciding whether to allow
+               // embedded_scm_active to have an output definition
+               $$ = scm_list_1 ($1);
+       }
+       | output_def_body assignment  {
+               if (scm_is_pair ($1))
+                       $$ = scm_car ($1);
+       }
+       | output_def_body embedded_scm_active
+       {
+               // We don't switch into note mode for Scheme functions
+               // here.  Does not seem warranted/required in output
+               // definitions.
+               if (scm_is_pair ($1))
+               {
+                       Output_def *o = unsmob<Output_def> ($2);
+                       if (o) {
+                               o->input_origin_.set_spot (@$);
+                               $1 = o->self_scm ();
+                               parser->lexer_->remove_scope ();
+                               parser->lexer_->add_scope (o->scope_);
+                               $2 = SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
+                       } else
+                               $1 = scm_car ($1);
+               }
+               if (unsmob<Context_def> ($2))
+                       assign_context_def (unsmob<Output_def> ($1), $2);
+               // Seems unlikely, but let's be complete:
+               else if (unsmob<Music> ($2))
+               {
+                       SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier
+                               ("output-def-music-handler");
+                       scm_call_2 (proc, $1, $2);
+               } else if (!scm_is_eq ($2, SCM_UNSPECIFIED))
+                       parser->parser_error (@2, _("bad expression type"));
+               $$ = $1;
+       }
+       | output_def_body SCM_TOKEN {
+               if (scm_is_pair ($1))
+                       $$ = scm_car ($1);
+               // Evaluate and ignore #xxx, as opposed to \xxx
+               parser->lexer_->eval_scm_token ($2, @2);
+       }
+       | output_def_body
+       {
+               if (scm_is_pair ($1))
+                       $1 = scm_car ($1);
+               parser->lexer_->push_note_state (Lily::pitchnames);
+       } music_or_context_def
+       {
+               parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               if (unsmob<Context_def> ($3))
+                       assign_context_def (unsmob<Output_def> ($1), $3);
+               else {
+
+                       SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier
+                                    ("output-def-music-handler");
+                       scm_call_2 (proc, $1, $3);
+               }
+               $$ = $1;
+       }
+       | output_def_body error {
+
+       }
+       ;
+
+tempo_event:
+       TEMPO steno_duration '=' tempo_range    {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (tempo, @$, SCM_EOL, $2, $4);
+       }
+       | TEMPO text steno_duration '=' tempo_range     {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (tempo, @$, $2, $3, $5);
+       }
+       | TEMPO text {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (tempo, @$, $2);
+       } %prec ':'
+       ;
+
+/*
+The representation of a  list is reversed to have efficient append.  */
+
+music_list:
+       /* empty */ {
+               $$ = SCM_EOL;
+       }
+       | music_list music_embedded {
+               if (unsmob<Music> ($2))
+                       $$ = scm_cons ($2, $1);
+       }
+       | music_list error {
+               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC("Music", @$);
+               // ugh. code dup
+               m->set_property ("error-found", SCM_BOOL_T);
+               $$ = scm_cons (m->self_scm (), $1);
+               m->unprotect (); /* UGH */
+       }
+       ;
+
+braced_music_list:
+       '{' music_list '}'
+       {
+               $$ = scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL);
+       }
+       ;
+
+music: music_assign
+       | lyric_element_music
+       | pitch_as_music
+       ;
+
+pitch_as_music:
+       pitch_or_music
+       {
+               $$ = make_music_from_simple (parser, @1, $1);
+                if (!unsmob<Music> ($$))
+               {
+                        parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("music expected"));
+                       $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (void_music, @$);
+               }
+       }
+       ;
+
+music_embedded:
+       music
+       {
+               if (unsmob<Music> ($1)->is_mus_type ("post-event")) {
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("unexpected post-event"));
+                       $$ = SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
+               }
+       }
+       | music_embedded_backup
+       {
+               $$ = $1;
+       }
+       | music_embedded_backup BACKUP lyric_element_music
+       {
+               $$ = $3;
+       }
+       | multiplied_duration post_events
+       {
+               Music *n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent", @$);
+
+               parser->default_duration_ = *unsmob<Duration> ($1);
+               n->set_property ("duration", $1);
+
+               if (scm_is_pair ($2))
+                       n->set_property ("articulations",
+                                        scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
+               $$ = n->unprotect ();
+       }
+       ;
+
+music_embedded_backup:
+       embedded_scm
+       {
+               if (scm_is_eq ($1, SCM_UNSPECIFIED))
+                       $$ = $1;
+               else if (Music *m = unsmob<Music> ($1)) {
+                       if (m->is_mus_type ("post-event")) {
+                               parser->parser_error
+                                       (@1, _ ("unexpected post-event"));
+                               $$ = SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
+                       } else
+                               $$ = $1;
+               } else if (parser->lexer_->is_lyric_state ()
+                          && Text_interface::is_markup ($1))
+                       MYBACKUP (LYRIC_ELEMENT, $1, @1);
+               else {
+                       @$.warning (_ ("Ignoring non-music expression"));
+                       $$ = $1;
+               }
+       }
+       ;
+
+// music_assign does not need to contain lyrics: there are no
+// assignments in lyricmode.
+music_assign:
+       simple_music
+       | composite_music %prec COMPOSITE
+       ;
+
+repeated_music:
+       REPEAT simple_string unsigned_number music
+       {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (repeat, @$, $2, $3, $4, SCM_EOL);
+       }
+       | REPEAT simple_string unsigned_number music ALTERNATIVE braced_music_list
+       {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (repeat, @$, $2, $3, $4, $6);
+       }
+       ;
+
+sequential_music:
+       SEQUENTIAL braced_music_list {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (sequential_music, @$, $2);
+       }
+       | braced_music_list {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (sequential_music, @$, $1);
+       }
+       ;
+
+simultaneous_music:
+       SIMULTANEOUS braced_music_list {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (simultaneous_music, @$, $2);
+       }
+       | DOUBLE_ANGLE_OPEN music_list DOUBLE_ANGLE_CLOSE       {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (simultaneous_music, @$, scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
+       }
+       ;
+
+simple_music:
+       event_chord
+       | music_property_def
+       | context_change
+       ;
+
+context_modification:
+        WITH
+       {
+               parser->lexer_->push_note_state (Lily::pitchnames);
+       } '{' context_mod_list '}'
+        {
+                parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
+                $$ = $4;
+        }
+       | WITH context_modification_arg
+       {
+               if (unsmob<Music> ($2)) {
+                       SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("context-mod-music-handler");
+                       $2 = scm_call_1 (proc, $2);
+               }
+               if (unsmob<Context_mod> ($2))
+                       $$ = $2;
+               else {
+                       // let's permit \with #*unspecified* to go for
+                       // an empty context mod
+                       if (!scm_is_eq ($2, SCM_UNSPECIFIED))
+                               parser->parser_error (@2, _ ("not a context mod"));
+                       $$ = Context_mod ().smobbed_copy ();
+               }
+       }
+        ;
+
+context_modification_arg:
+       embedded_scm
+       | MUSIC_IDENTIFIER
+       ;
+
+/* A list of single mods collected from a (possibly empty) sequence of
+ * context modifications, usually written as \with ... \with ...
+ */
+
+optional_context_mods:
+       context_modification_mods_list
+        {
+               if (scm_is_pair ($1))
+                       $$ = scm_append_x (scm_reverse_x ($1, SCM_EOL));
+        }
+        ;
+
+/* The worker for optional_context_mods conses a (reversed) list where
+ * each element contains the list of single context mods from one
+ * context modification block.  Context_mod::get_mods creates fresh
+ * copies, so it's okay to use append! on them.
+ */
+
+context_modification_mods_list:
+       /**/ {
+               $$ = SCM_EOL;
+       }
+       | context_modification_mods_list context_modification
+       {
+               if (Context_mod *m = unsmob<Context_mod> ($2))
+                       $$ = scm_cons (m->get_mods (), $1);
+       }
+       ;
+
+/* A Context_mod is a container for a list of context mods like
+ * \consists ...  \override ... .  context_mod_list produces a
+ * Context_mod from the inside of a \with { ... } statement.
+ */
+
+context_mod_list:
+        /**/ {
+            $$ = Context_mod ().smobbed_copy ();
+        }
+        | context_mod_list context_mod  {
+               if (!SCM_UNBNDP ($2))
+                       unsmob<Context_mod> ($1)->add_context_mod ($2);
+        }
+       | context_mod_list context_mod_arg {
+               if (unsmob<Music> ($2)) {
+                       SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("context-mod-music-handler");
+                       $2 = scm_call_1 (proc, $2);
+               }
+               if (unsmob<Context_mod> ($2))
+                       unsmob<Context_mod> ($$)->add_context_mods
+                               (unsmob<Context_mod> ($2)->get_mods ());
+               else if (!scm_is_eq ($2, SCM_UNSPECIFIED))
+                       parser->parser_error (@2, _ ("not a context mod"));
+        }
+        ;
+
+context_prefix:
+       CONTEXT symbol optional_id optional_context_mods {
+               $$ = START_MAKE_SYNTAX (context_specification, $2, $3, $4, SCM_BOOL_F);
+       }
+       | NEWCONTEXT symbol optional_id optional_context_mods {
+               $$ = START_MAKE_SYNTAX (context_specification, $2, $3, $4, SCM_BOOL_T);
+       }
+       ;
+
+new_lyrics:
+       ADDLYRICS optional_context_mods lyric_mode_music {
+               $$ = scm_acons ($3, $2, SCM_EOL);
+       }
+       | new_lyrics ADDLYRICS optional_context_mods lyric_mode_music {
+               $$ = scm_acons ($4, $3, $1);
+       }
+       ;
+
+/* basic_music is basically the same as composite_music but with
+ * context-prefixed music and lyricized music explicitly removed.  The
+ * reason is that in a sequence
+ *
+ *   \new Staff \new Voice { ... } \addlyrics { ... } \addlyrics { ... }
+ *
+ * we need to group both \addlyrics together (as they go with the same
+ * voice) but then combine them with \new Voice { ... }, meaning that
+ * combining \new Voice { ... } needs higher priority than
+ * { ... } \addlyrics, and *not* have \new Staff \new Voice { ... }
+ * combine before combining \new Voice { ... } \addlyrics: only one
+ * layer of context-prefixed music should assemble before \addlyrics
+ * is integrated.  Total mess, and we sort this mess out with explicit
+ * rules preferring a single context-prefix.
+ */
+
+basic_music:
+       music_function_call
+       | repeated_music
+       | music_bare
+       | LYRICSTO simple_string lyric_mode_music {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (lyric_combine, @$, $2, SCM_EOL, $3);
+       }
+       | LYRICSTO symbol '=' simple_string lyric_mode_music
+       {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (lyric_combine, @$, $4, $2, $5);
+       }
+       ;
+
+contextable_music:
+       basic_music
+       | pitch_as_music
+       | event_chord
+       ;
+
+contexted_basic_music:
+       context_prefix contextable_music new_lyrics
+       {
+               Input i;
+               i.set_location (@1, @2);
+               $$ = FINISH_MAKE_SYNTAX ($1, i, $2);
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (add_lyrics, @$, $$, scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL));
+       } %prec COMPOSITE
+       | context_prefix contextable_music
+       {
+               $$ = FINISH_MAKE_SYNTAX ($1, @$, $2);
+       } %prec COMPOSITE
+       | context_prefix contexted_basic_music
+       {
+               $$ = FINISH_MAKE_SYNTAX ($1, @$, $2);
+       }
+       ;
+
+composite_music:
+       basic_music %prec COMPOSITE
+       | contexted_basic_music
+       | basic_music new_lyrics
+       {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (add_lyrics, @$, $1, scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
+       } %prec COMPOSITE
+       ;
+
+music_bare:
+       mode_changed_music
+       | MUSIC_IDENTIFIER
+       | grouped_music_list
+       ;
+
+grouped_music_list:
+       simultaneous_music              { $$ = $1; }
+       | sequential_music              { $$ = $1; }
+       ;
+
+/* Function argument lists are arguably the most complex part in the
+ * parser.  They are pretty tricky to understand because of the way
+ * they are processed, and because of optional arguments that can be
+ * omitted.  When there are several optional arguments in a row,
+ * omitting one automatically omits all following arguments.  Optional
+ * arguments can only be omitted when either
+ *
+ * a) the omission is explicitly started with \default
+ * b) the omission is implicitly started by an argument not matching
+ *    its predicate, and there is a mandatory argument later that can
+ *    "catch" the argument that does not fit.
+ *
+ * When argument parsing starts, the lexer pushes EXPECT_SCM tokens
+ * (corresponding to mandatory arguments and having a predicate
+ * function as semantic value) or EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM (where
+ * the semantic value of the EXPECT_OPTIONAL token is the default to
+ * use when the optional argument is omitted, and EXPECT_SCM again has
+ * the argument predicate as semantic value) in reverse order to the
+ * parser, followed by EXPECT_NO_MORE_ARGS.  The argument list is then
+ * processed inside-out while actual tokens are consumed.
+ *
+ * This means that the argument list tokens determine the actions
+ * taken as they arrive.  The structure of the argument list is known
+ * to the parser and stored in its parse stack when the first argument
+ * is being parsed.  What the parser does not know is which predicates
+ * will match and whether or not \default will be appearing in the
+ * argument list, and where.
+ *
+ * Sequences of 0 or more optional arguments are scanned using either
+ * function_arglist_backup or function_arglist_nonbackup.  The first
+ * is used when optional arguments are followed by at least one
+ * mandatory argument: in that case optional arguments may be skipped
+ * by either a false predicate (in which case the expression will be
+ * pushed back as one or more tokens, preceded by a BACKUP token) or
+ * by using \default.
+ *
+ * If optional arguments are at the end of the argument list, they are
+ * instead scanned using function_arglist_nonbackup: here the only
+ * manner to enter into skipping of optional arguments is the use of
+ * \default.
+ *
+ * The argument list of a normal function call is parsed using
+ * function_arglist.  The part of an argument list before a mandatory
+ * argument is parsed using function_arglist_optional.
+ *
+ * The difference is that leading optional arguments are scanned using
+ * function_arglist_nonbackup and function_arglist_backup,
+ * respectively.
+ *
+ * Most other details are obvious in the rules themselves.
+ *
+ */
+
+symbol_list_arg:
+       SYMBOL_LIST
+       | SYMBOL_LIST '.' symbol_list_rev
+       {
+               $$ = scm_append (scm_list_2 ($1, scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL)));
+       }
+       | SYMBOL_LIST ',' symbol_list_rev
+       {
+               $$ = scm_append (scm_list_2 ($1, scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL)));
+       }
+       ;
+
+symbol_list_rev:
+       symbol_list_part
+       | symbol_list_rev '.' symbol_list_part
+       {
+               $$ = scm_append_x (scm_list_2 ($3, $1));
+       }
+       | symbol_list_rev ',' symbol_list_part
+       {
+               $$ = scm_append_x (scm_list_2 ($3, $1));
+       }
+       ;
+
+// symbol_list_part delivers elements in reverse copy, no lookahead
+
+symbol_list_part:
+       symbol_list_part_bare
+       | embedded_scm_bare
+       {
+               $$ = make_reverse_key_list ($1);
+               if (SCM_UNBNDP ($$)) {
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, _("not a key"));
+                       $$ = SCM_EOL;
+               }
+       }
+       ;
+
+
+symbol_list_element:
+       STRING
+       {
+               $$ = scm_string_to_symbol ($1);
+       }
+       | UNSIGNED
+       ;
+
+
+symbol_list_part_bare:
+       SYMBOL
+       {
+               $$ = try_word_variants (Lily::key_list_p, $1);
+               if (SCM_UNBNDP ($$)) {
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, _("not a key"));
+                       $$ = SCM_EOL;
+               } else
+                       $$ = scm_reverse ($$);
+       }
+       | symbol_list_element
+       {
+               $$ = scm_list_1 ($1);
+       }
+       ;
+
+function_arglist_nonbackup:
+       function_arglist_common
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup post_event_nofinger
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4, $4, $3, $2);
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup '-' UNSIGNED
+       {
+               SCM n = scm_difference ($5, SCM_UNDEFINED);
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, n)))
+                       $$ = scm_cons (n, $3);
+               else {
+                       Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("FingeringEvent", @5);
+                       t->set_property ("digit", $5);
+                       $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4, t->unprotect (),
+                                              $3, $2, n);
+               }
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup '-' REAL
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4,
+                                      scm_difference ($5, SCM_UNDEFINED),
+                                      $3, $2);
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup '-' NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4,
+                                      scm_difference ($5, SCM_UNDEFINED),
+                                      $3, $2);
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup embedded_scm_arg
+       {
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
+                       $$ = scm_cons ($4, $3);
+               else
+                       $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4,
+                                              make_music_from_simple
+                                              (parser, @4, $4),
+                                              $3, $2);
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup bare_number_common
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4, $4, $3, $2);
+       }
+       | function_arglist_nonbackup_reparse REPARSE pitch_or_music
+       {
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $3)))
+                       $$ = scm_cons ($3, $1);
+               else
+                       $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
+                                              make_music_from_simple
+                                              (parser, @3, $3),
+                                              $1, $2);
+       }
+       | function_arglist_nonbackup_reparse REPARSE multiplied_duration
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3, $3, $1, $2);
+       }
+       | function_arglist_nonbackup_reparse REPARSE reparsed_rhythm
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3, $3, $1, $2);
+       }
+       | function_arglist_nonbackup_reparse REPARSE bare_number_common
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3, $3, $1, $2);
+       }
+       | function_arglist_nonbackup_reparse REPARSE SCM_ARG
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3, $3, $1, $2);
+       }
+       | function_arglist_nonbackup_reparse REPARSE lyric_element_music
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3, $3, $1, $2);
+       }
+       | function_arglist_nonbackup_reparse REPARSE symbol_list_arg
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3, $3, $1, $2);
+       }
+       ;
+
+
+reparsed_rhythm:
+       DURATION_ARG dots multipliers post_events
+       {
+               $$ = make_music_from_simple (parser, @$,
+                                            make_duration ($1, scm_to_int ($2), $3));
+               Music *m = unsmob<Music> ($$);
+               assert (m);
+               if (scm_is_pair ($4))
+                       m->set_property ("articulations",
+                                        scm_reverse_x ($4, SCM_EOL));
+       } %prec ':'
+       ;
+
+function_arglist_nonbackup_reparse:
+       EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup SCM_IDENTIFIER
+       {
+               $$ = $3;
+               SCM res = try_string_variants ($2, $4);
+               if (!SCM_UNBNDP (res))
+                       if (scm_is_pair (res))
+                               MYREPARSE (@4, $2, SYMBOL_LIST, res);
+                       else
+                               MYREPARSE (@4, $2, SCM_ARG, res);
+               else if (scm_is_true
+                        (scm_call_1
+                         ($2, make_music_from_simple
+                          (parser, @4, $4))))
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, STRING, $4);
+               else
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, SCM_ARG, $4);
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup pitch
+       {
+               $$ = $3;
+               if (scm_is_true
+                   (scm_call_1
+                    ($2, make_music_from_simple
+                     (parser, @4, $4))))
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, PITCH_IDENTIFIER, $4);
+               else
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, SCM_ARG, $4);
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup steno_tonic_pitch
+       {
+               $$ = $3;
+               if (scm_is_true
+                   (scm_call_1
+                    ($2, make_music_from_simple
+                     (parser, @4, $4))))
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, TONICNAME_PITCH, $4);
+               else
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, SCM_ARG, $4);
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup STRING
+       {
+               $$ = $3;
+               SCM res = try_string_variants ($2, $4);
+               if (!SCM_UNBNDP (res))
+                       if (scm_is_pair (res))
+                               MYREPARSE (@4, $2, SYMBOL_LIST, res);
+                       else
+                               MYREPARSE (@4, $2, SCM_ARG, res);
+               else if (scm_is_true
+                        (scm_call_1
+                         ($2, make_music_from_simple
+                          (parser, @4, $4))))
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, STRING, $4);
+               else
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, SCM_ARG, $4);
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup SYMBOL
+       {
+               $$ = $3;
+               SCM res = try_word_variants ($2, $4);
+               if (!SCM_UNBNDP (res))
+                       if (scm_is_pair (res))
+                               MYREPARSE (@4, $2, SYMBOL_LIST, res);
+                       else
+                               MYREPARSE (@4, $2, SCM_ARG, res);
+               else if (scm_is_true
+                        (scm_call_1
+                         ($2, make_music_from_simple
+                          (parser, @4, $4))))
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, STRING, $4);
+               else
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, SCM_ARG, $4);
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup full_markup
+       {
+               $$ = $3;
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, SCM_ARG, $4);
+               else if (scm_is_true
+                        (scm_call_1
+                         ($2, make_music_from_simple
+                          (parser, @4, $4))))
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, STRING, $4);
+               else
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, SCM_ARG, $4);
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup UNSIGNED
+       {
+               $$ = $3;
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
+                       // May be 3 \cm or similar
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, REAL, $4);
+               else if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, scm_list_1 ($4))))
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, SYMBOL_LIST, scm_list_1 ($4));
+               else {
+                       SCM d = make_duration ($4);
+                       if (!SCM_UNBNDP (d)) {
+                               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, d)))
+                                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, DURATION_IDENTIFIER, d);
+                               else if (scm_is_true
+                                        (scm_call_1
+                                         ($2, make_music_from_simple (parser, @4, d))))
+                                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, DURATION_ARG, d);
+                               else
+                                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, SCM_ARG, $4); // trigger error
+                       } else
+                               MYREPARSE (@4, $2, SCM_ARG, $4); // trigger error
+               }
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup DURATION_IDENTIFIER
+       {
+               $$ = $3;
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, DURATION_IDENTIFIER, $4);
+               else if (scm_is_true
+                        (scm_call_1
+                         ($2, make_music_from_simple (parser, @4, $4))))
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, DURATION_ARG, $4);
+               else
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, SCM_ARG, $4); // trigger error
+       }
+       ;
+
+
+// function_arglist_backup can't occur at the end of an argument
+// list.
+function_arglist_backup:
+       function_arglist_common
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup embedded_scm_arg
+       {
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
+                       $$ = scm_cons ($4, $3);
+               else {
+                       $$ = make_music_from_simple (parser, @4, $4);
+                       if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $$)))
+                               $$ = scm_cons ($$, $3);
+                       else
+                       {
+                               $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_copy (parser, @3, $1), $3);
+                               MYBACKUP (SCM_ARG, $4, @4);
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup post_event_nofinger
+       {
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
+               {
+                       $$ = scm_cons ($4, $3);
+               } else {
+                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_copy (parser, @3, $1), $3);
+                       MYBACKUP (EVENT_IDENTIFIER, $4, @4);
+               }
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup pitch
+       {
+               if (scm_is_true
+                   (scm_call_1
+                    ($2, make_music_from_simple
+                     (parser, @4, $4))))
+               {
+                       $$ = $3;
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, PITCH_IDENTIFIER, $4);
+               } else if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
+                       $$ = scm_cons ($4, $3);
+               else {
+                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_copy (parser, @3, $1), $3);
+                       MYBACKUP (PITCH_IDENTIFIER, $4, @4);
+               }
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup steno_tonic_pitch
+       {
+               if (scm_is_true
+                   (scm_call_1
+                    ($2, make_music_from_simple
+                     (parser, @4, $4))))
+               {
+                       $$ = $3;
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, TONICNAME_PITCH, $4);
+               } else if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
+                       $$ = scm_cons ($4, $3);
+               else {
+                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_copy (parser, @3, $1), $3);
+                       MYBACKUP (TONICNAME_PITCH, $4, @4);
+               }
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup full_markup
+       {
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
+                       $$ = scm_cons ($4, $3);
+               else {
+                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_copy (parser, @3, $1), $3);
+                       MYBACKUP (SCM_IDENTIFIER, $4, @4);
+               }
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup UNSIGNED
+       {
+               $$ = $3;
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
+                       // May be 3 \cm or similar
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, REAL, $4);
+               else if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, scm_list_1 ($4))))
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, SYMBOL_LIST, scm_list_1 ($4));
+               else {
+                       SCM d = make_duration ($4);
+                       if (!SCM_UNBNDP (d)) {
+                               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, d)))
+                                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, DURATION_IDENTIFIER, d);
+                               else if (scm_is_true
+                                        (scm_call_1
+                                         ($2, make_music_from_simple (parser, @4, d))))
+                                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, DURATION_ARG, d);
+                               else {
+                                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_copy (parser, @3, $1), $3);
+                                       MYBACKUP (UNSIGNED, $4, @4);
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_copy (parser, @3, $1), $3);
+                               MYBACKUP (UNSIGNED, $4, @4);
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup REAL
+       {
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
+               {
+                       $$ = $3;
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, REAL, $4);
+               } else {
+                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_copy (parser, @3, $1), $3);
+                       MYBACKUP (REAL, $4, @4);
+               }
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
+       {
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
+               {
+                       $$ = scm_cons ($4, $3);
+               } else {
+                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_copy (parser, @3, $1), $3);
+                       MYBACKUP (NUMBER_IDENTIFIER, $4, @4);
+               }
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup '-' UNSIGNED
+       {
+               SCM n = scm_difference ($5, SCM_UNDEFINED);
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, n))) {
+                       $$ = $3;
+                       MYREPARSE (@5, $2, REAL, n);
+               } else {
+                       Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("FingeringEvent", @5);
+                       t->set_property ("digit", $5);
+                       $$ = t->unprotect ();
+                       if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $$)))
+                               $$ = scm_cons ($$, $3);
+                       else {
+                               $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_copy (parser, @3, $1), $3);
+                               MYBACKUP (UNSIGNED, $5, @5);
+                               parser->lexer_->push_extra_token (@4, '-');
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup '-' REAL
+       {
+               SCM n = scm_difference ($5, SCM_UNDEFINED);
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, n))) {
+                       MYREPARSE (@5, $2, REAL, n);
+                       $$ = $3;
+               } else {
+                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_copy (parser, @3, $1), $3);
+                       MYBACKUP (REAL, n, @5);
+               }
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup '-' NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
+       {
+               SCM n = scm_difference ($5, SCM_UNDEFINED);
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, n))) {
+                       $$ = scm_cons (n, $3);
+               } else {
+                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_copy (parser, @3, $1), $3);
+                       MYBACKUP (NUMBER_IDENTIFIER, n, @5);
+               }
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup DURATION_IDENTIFIER
+       {
+               $$ = $3;
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, DURATION_IDENTIFIER, $4);
+               else if (scm_is_true
+                        (scm_call_1
+                         ($2, make_music_from_simple (parser, @4, $4))))
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, DURATION_ARG, $4);
+               else {
+                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_copy (parser, @3, $1), $3);
+                       MYBACKUP (DURATION_IDENTIFIER, $4, @4);
+               }
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup SCM_IDENTIFIER
+       {
+               SCM res = try_string_variants ($2, $4);
+               if (!SCM_UNBNDP (res))
+                       if (scm_is_pair (res)) {
+                               $$ = $3;
+                               MYREPARSE (@4, $2, SYMBOL_LIST, res);
+                       }
+                       else
+                               $$ = scm_cons (res, $3);
+               else {
+                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_copy (parser, @3, $1), $3);
+                       MYBACKUP (SCM_IDENTIFIER, $4, @4);
+               }
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup STRING
+       {
+               SCM res = try_string_variants ($2, $4);
+               if (!SCM_UNBNDP (res))
+                       if (scm_is_pair (res)) {
+                               $$ = $3;
+                               MYREPARSE (@4, $2, SYMBOL_LIST, res);
+                       }
+                       else
+                               $$ = scm_cons (res, $3);
+               else {
+                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_copy (parser, @3, $1), $3);
+                       MYBACKUP (STRING, $4, @4);
+               }
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup SYMBOL
+       {
+               SCM res = try_word_variants ($2, $4);
+               if (!SCM_UNBNDP (res))
+                       if (scm_is_pair (res)) {
+                               $$ = $3;
+                               MYREPARSE (@4, $2, SYMBOL_LIST, res);
+                       }
+                       else
+                               $$ = scm_cons (res, $3);
+               else {
+                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_copy (parser, @3, $1), $3);
+                       MYBACKUP (STRING, $4, @4);
+               }
        }
-       | LAYOUT        {
-               Output_def *p = get_layout (THIS);
-
-               THIS->lexer_->add_scope (p->scope_);
-               $$ = p;
+       | function_arglist_backup REPARSE pitch_or_music
+       {
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $3)))
+                       $$ = scm_cons ($3, $1);
+               else
+                       $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
+                                              make_music_from_simple
+                                              (parser, @3, $3),
+                                              $1, $2);
        }
-       ;
-
-
-output_def_body:
-       output_def_head '{' {
-               $$ = $1;
-               $$->input_origin_.set_spot (@$);
-               THIS->lexer_->push_initial_state ();
-       }
-       | output_def_head '{' OUTPUT_DEF_IDENTIFIER     {
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($1->self_scm ());
-               Output_def *o = unsmob_output_def ($3);
-               o->input_origin_.set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = o;
-               THIS->lexer_->remove_scope ();
-               THIS->lexer_->add_scope (o->scope_);
-               THIS->lexer_->push_initial_state ();
+       | function_arglist_backup REPARSE bare_number_common
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
+                                      $3, $1, $2);
        }
-       | output_def_body assignment  {
-
+       | function_arglist_backup REPARSE multiplied_duration
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
+                                      $3, $1, $2);
        }
-       | output_def_body context_def_spec_block        {
-               assign_context_def ($$, $2);
+       | function_arglist_backup REPARSE reparsed_rhythm
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
+                                      $3, $1, $2);
        }
-       | output_def_body tempo_event  {
-               /*
-                       junk this ? there already is tempo stuff in
-                       music.
-               */
-               int m = scm_to_int ($2->get_property ("metronome-count"));
-               Duration *d = unsmob_duration ($2->get_property ("tempo-unit"));
-               set_tempo ($$, d->get_length (), m);
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($2->self_scm ());
+       | function_arglist_backup REPARSE symbol_list_arg
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3, $3, $1, $2);
        }
-       | output_def_body error {
+       ;
 
+function_arglist:
+       function_arglist_nonbackup
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_skip_nonbackup DEFAULT
+       {
+               $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_copy (parser, @4, $1), $3);
        }
        ;
 
-tempo_event:
-       TEMPO steno_duration '=' bare_unsigned  {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("MetronomeChangeEvent");
-               $$->set_property ("tempo-unit", $2);
-               $$->set_property ("metronome-count", scm_int2num ( $4));
+function_arglist_skip_nonbackup:
+       function_arglist_nonbackup
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_skip_nonbackup
+       {
+               $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_copy (parser, @3, $1), $3);
        }
        ;
 
-/*
-The representation of a  list is the
-
-  (LIST . LAST-CONS)
-
- to have efficient append.  */
-
-Music_list:
-       /* empty */ {
-               $$ = scm_cons (SCM_EOL, SCM_EOL);
+// Partial function arglists are returned just in their incomplete
+// state: when combined with the music function, the missing parts of
+// the signature can be reconstructed
+//
+// To serve as a partial arglist, the argument list must absolutely
+// _not_ be in "skipping optional arguments" mode since then there is
+// some backup token that has nowhere to go before \etc.
+//
+// So we can skim off an arbitrary number of arguments from the end of
+// the argument list.  The argument list remaining afterwards has to
+// be in not-skipping-optional-arguments mode.
+
+function_arglist_partial:
+       EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional
+       {
+               $$ = $2;
        }
-       | Music_list Music {
-               SCM s = $$;
-               SCM c = scm_cons ($2->self_scm (), SCM_EOL);
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($2->self_scm ()); /* UGH */
-
-               if (scm_is_pair (scm_cdr (s)))
-                       scm_set_cdr_x (scm_cdr (s), c); /* append */
-               else
-                       scm_set_car_x (s, c); /* set first cons */
-               scm_set_cdr_x (s, c);  /* remember last cell */
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_partial_optional
+       {
+               $$ = $2;
        }
-       | Music_list embedded_scm {
-
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup
+       {
+               $$ = $3;
        }
-       | Music_list error {
-               Music * m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC("Music");
-               // ugh. code dup 
-               m->set_property ("error-found", SCM_BOOL_T);
-               SCM s = $$;
-               SCM c = scm_cons (m->self_scm (), SCM_EOL);
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (m->self_scm ()); /* UGH */
-
-               if (scm_is_pair (scm_cdr (s)))
-                       scm_set_cdr_x (scm_cdr (s), c); /* append */
-               else
-                       scm_set_car_x (s, c); /* set first cons */
-               scm_set_cdr_x (s, c);  /* remember last cell */
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_partial
+       {
+               $$ = $3;
        }
        ;
 
-Music:
-       Simple_music
-       | Composite_music
-       ;
-
-Alternative_music:
-       /* empty */ {
-               $$ = SCM_EOL;
+function_arglist_partial_optional:
+       EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional
+       {
+               $$ = $2;
        }
-       | ALTERNATIVE '{' Music_list '}' {
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_partial_optional
+       {
+               $$ = $2;
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup
+       {
                $$ = $3;
        }
-       ;
-
-
-Repeated_music:
-       REPEAT simple_string bare_unsigned Music Alternative_music
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_partial_optional
        {
-               Music *beg = $4;
-               int times = $3;
-               SCM alts = scm_is_pair ($5) ? scm_car ($5) : SCM_EOL;
-               if (times < scm_ilength (alts)) {
-                 unsmob_music (scm_car (alts))
-                   ->origin ()->warning (
-                   _ ("More alternatives than repeats.  Junking excess alternatives."));
-                 alts = ly_truncate_list (times, alts);
-               }
-
-
-               SCM proc = ly_lily_module_constant ("make-repeated-music");
-
-               SCM mus = scm_call_1 (proc, $2);
-               scm_gc_protect_object (mus); // UGH.
-               Music *r = unsmob_music (mus);
-               if (beg)
-                       {
-                       r-> set_property ("element", beg->self_scm ());
-                       scm_gc_unprotect_object (beg->self_scm ());
-                       }
-               r->set_property ("repeat-count", scm_int2num (times >? 1));
-
-               r-> set_property ("elements",alts);
-               if (ly_c_equal_p ($2, scm_makfrom0str ("tremolo"))) {
-                       /*
-                       TODO: move this code to Scheme.
-                       */
-
-                       /*
-                       we can not get durations and other stuff correct down the line, so we have to
-                       add to the duration log here.
-                       */
-                       SCM func = ly_lily_module_constant ("shift-duration-log");
-
-                       int dots = ($3 % 3) ? 0 : 1;
-                       int shift = -intlog2 ((dots) ? ($3*2/3) : $3);
-
-                       
-                       if ($4->is_mus_type ("sequential-music"))
-                       {
-                               int list_len = scm_ilength ($4->get_property ("elements"));
-                               if (list_len != 2)
-                                       $4->origin ()->warning ("Chord tremolo must have 2 elements.");
-                               shift -= 1;
-                               r->compress (Moment (Rational (1, list_len)));
-                       }
-                       scm_call_3 (func, r->self_scm (), scm_int2num (shift), scm_int2num (dots));
-
-               }
-               r->set_spot (*$4->origin ());
-
-               $$ = r;
+               $$ = $3;
        }
        ;
 
-Sequential_music:
-       SEQUENTIAL '{' Music_list '}'           {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("SequentialMusic");
-               $$->set_property ("elements", scm_car ($3));
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
-       }
-       | '{' Music_list '}'            {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("SequentialMusic");
-               $$->set_property ("elements", scm_car ($2));
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
+function_arglist_common:
+       EXPECT_NO_MORE_ARGS {
+               $$ = SCM_EOL;
        }
-       ;
-
-Simultaneous_music:
-       SIMULTANEOUS '{' Music_list '}'{
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("SimultaneousMusic");
-               $$->set_property ("elements", scm_car ($3));
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
-
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional embedded_scm_arg
+       {
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($1, $3)))
+                       $$ = scm_cons ($3, $2);
+               else
+                       $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
+                                              make_music_from_simple
+                                              (parser, @3, $3),
+                                              $2, $1);
        }
-       | simul_open Music_list simul_close     {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("SimultaneousMusic");
-               $$->set_property ("elements", scm_car ($2));
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional bare_number_common
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
+                                      $3, $2, $1);
        }
-       ;
-
-Simple_music:
-       event_chord             { $$ = $1; }
-       | MUSIC_IDENTIFIER {
-               $$ = unsmob_music ($1);
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional post_event_nofinger
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
+                                      $3, $2, $1);
        }
-       | music_property_def
-       | context_change
-       ;
-
-
-optional_context_mod:
-       /**/ { $$ = SCM_EOL; }
-       | WITH { THIS->lexer_->push_initial_state (); }
-       '{' context_mod_list '}'
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional '-' NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
        {
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
-               $$ = $4;
+               SCM n = scm_difference ($4, SCM_UNDEFINED);
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4, n, $2, $1);
        }
-       ;
-
-context_mod_list:
-       /* */  { $$ = SCM_EOL; }
-       | context_mod_list context_mod  {
-                $$ = scm_cons ($2, $1);
+       | function_arglist_common_reparse REPARSE SCM_ARG
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
+                                      $3, $1, $2);
        }
-       ;
-
-
-Composite_music:
-       Prefix_composite_music { $$ = $1; }
-       | Grouped_music_list { $$ = $1; }
-       ;
-
-Grouped_music_list:
-       Simultaneous_music              { $$ = $1; }
-       | Sequential_music              { $$ = $1; }
-       ;
-
-Generic_prefix_music_scm:
-       MUSIC_FUNCTION {
-               $$ = scm_list_2 ($1, make_input (@$));
+       | function_arglist_common_reparse REPARSE lyric_element_music
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
+                                      $3, $1, $2);
        }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM embedded_scm {
-               $$ = scm_list_3 ($1, make_input (@$), $2);
+       | function_arglist_common_reparse REPARSE pitch_or_music
+       {
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $3)))
+                       $$ = scm_cons ($3, $1);
+               else
+                       $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
+                                              make_music_from_simple
+                                              (parser, @3, $3),
+                                              $1, $2);
        }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_MARKUP full_markup {
-               $$ = scm_list_3 ($1, make_input (@$), $2);
+       | function_arglist_common_reparse REPARSE bare_number_common
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
+                                      $3, $1, $2);
        }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_MUSIC Music {
-               $$ = scm_list_3 ($1, make_input (@$), $2->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($2->self_scm ());
+       | function_arglist_common_reparse REPARSE multiplied_duration
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
+                                      $3, $1, $2);
        }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_MUSIC embedded_scm Music {
-               $$ = scm_list_4 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($3->self_scm ());
+       | function_arglist_common_reparse REPARSE reparsed_rhythm
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
+                                      $3, $1, $2);
        }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM embedded_scm embedded_scm {
-               $$ = scm_list_4 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3);
+       | function_arglist_common_reparse REPARSE symbol_list_arg
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3, $3, $1, $2);
        }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM_MUSIC embedded_scm embedded_scm Music {
-               $$ = scm_list_5 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3, $4->self_scm ());
+       ;
+
+function_arglist_common_reparse:
+       EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional SCM_IDENTIFIER
+       {
+               $$ = $2;
+               SCM res = try_string_variants ($1, $3);
+               if (!SCM_UNBNDP (res))
+                       if (scm_is_pair (res))
+                               MYREPARSE (@3, $1, SYMBOL_LIST, res);
+                       else
+                               MYREPARSE (@3, $1, SCM_ARG, res);
+               else if (scm_is_true
+                        (scm_call_1
+                         ($1, make_music_from_simple (parser, @3, $3))))
+                       MYREPARSE (@3, $1, LYRIC_ELEMENT, $3);
+               else
+                       // This is going to flag a syntax error, we
+                       // know the predicate to be false.
+                       MYREPARSE (@3, $1, SCM_ARG, $3);
        }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_MARKUP_MUSIC full_markup Music {
-               $$ = scm_list_4 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($3->self_scm ());
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional pitch
+       {
+               $$ = $2;
+               if (scm_is_true
+                   (scm_call_1
+                    ($1, make_music_from_simple
+                     (parser, @3, $3))))
+                       MYREPARSE (@3, $1, PITCH_IDENTIFIER, $3);
+               else
+                       MYREPARSE (@3, $1, SCM_ARG, $3);
        }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_MARKUP_MARKUP full_markup full_markup {
-               $$ = scm_list_4 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3);
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional steno_tonic_pitch
+       {
+               $$ = $2;
+               if (scm_is_true
+                   (scm_call_1
+                    ($1, make_music_from_simple
+                     (parser, @3, $3))))
+                       MYREPARSE (@3, $1, TONICNAME_PITCH, $3);
+               else
+                       MYREPARSE (@3, $1, SCM_ARG, $3);
        }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_MUSIC_MUSIC Music Music {
-               $$ = scm_list_4 ($1, make_input (@$), $2->self_scm (), $3->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($2->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($3->self_scm ());
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional STRING
+       {
+               $$ = $2;
+               SCM res = try_string_variants ($1, $3);
+               if (!SCM_UNBNDP (res))
+                       if (scm_is_pair (res))
+                               MYREPARSE (@3, $1, SYMBOL_LIST, res);
+                       else
+                               MYREPARSE (@3, $1, SCM_ARG, res);
+               else if (scm_is_true
+                        (scm_call_1
+                         ($1, make_music_from_simple (parser, @3, $3))))
+                       MYREPARSE (@3, $1, LYRIC_ELEMENT, $3);
+               else
+                       // This is going to flag a syntax error, we
+                       // know the predicate to be false.
+                       MYREPARSE (@3, $1, SCM_ARG, $3);
        }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_MUSIC_MUSIC embedded_scm Music Music {
-               $$ = scm_list_5 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3->self_scm (), $4->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($4->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($3->self_scm ());
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional SYMBOL
+       {
+               $$ = $2;
+               SCM res = try_word_variants ($1, $3);
+               if (!SCM_UNBNDP (res))
+                       if (scm_is_pair (res))
+                               MYREPARSE (@3, $1, SYMBOL_LIST, res);
+                       else
+                               MYREPARSE (@3, $1, SCM_ARG, res);
+               else if (scm_is_true
+                        (scm_call_1
+                         ($1, make_music_from_simple (parser, @3, $3))))
+                       MYREPARSE (@3, $1, LYRIC_ELEMENT, $3);
+               else
+                       // This is going to flag a syntax error, we
+                       // know the predicate to be false.
+                       MYREPARSE (@3, $1, SCM_ARG, $3);
        }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_MARKUP_MUSIC_MUSIC full_markup Music Music {
-               $$ = scm_list_5 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3->self_scm (), $4->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($3->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($4->self_scm ());
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional full_markup
+       {
+               $$ = $2;
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($1, $3)))
+                       MYREPARSE (@3, $1, SCM_ARG, $3);
+               else if (scm_is_true
+                        (scm_call_1
+                         ($1, make_music_from_simple (parser, @3, $3))))
+                       MYREPARSE (@3, $1, LYRIC_ELEMENT, $3);
+               else
+                       // This is going to flag a syntax error, we
+                       // know the predicate to be false.
+                       MYREPARSE (@3, $1, SCM_ARG, $3);
        }
-       ;
-
-Generic_prefix_music:
-       Generic_prefix_music_scm {
-               SCM func = scm_car ($1);
-               Input *loc = unsmob_input (scm_cadr ($1));
-               SCM args = scm_cddr ($1);
-               SCM sig = scm_object_property (func, ly_symbol2scm ("music-function-signature"));
-
-               SCM type_check_proc = ly_lily_module_constant ("type-check-list");
-               bool ok  = true;
-
-               if (!to_boolean (scm_call_3  (type_check_proc, scm_cadr ($1), sig, args)))
-               {
-                       THIS->error_level_ = 1;
-                       ok = false;
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional UNSIGNED
+       {
+               $$ = $2;
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($1, $3)))
+                       // May be 3 \cm or similar
+                       MYREPARSE (@3, $1, REAL, $3);
+               else if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($1, scm_list_1 ($3))))
+                       MYREPARSE (@3, $1, SYMBOL_LIST, scm_list_1 ($3));
+               else {
+                       SCM d = make_duration ($3);
+                       if (!SCM_UNBNDP (d)) {
+                               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($1, d)))
+                                       MYREPARSE (@3, $1, DURATION_IDENTIFIER, d);
+                               else if (scm_is_true
+                                        (scm_call_1
+                                         ($1, make_music_from_simple (parser, @3, d))))
+                                       MYREPARSE (@3, $1, DURATION_ARG, d);
+                               else
+                                       MYREPARSE (@3, $1, SCM_ARG, $3); // trigger error
+                       } else
+                               MYREPARSE (@3, $1, SCM_ARG, $3); // trigger error
                }
-
-               SCM m = SCM_EOL;
-               if (ok)
-                       m = scm_apply_0 (func, scm_cons (THIS->self_scm(),
-                                                        scm_cdr ($1)));
-
-               if (unsmob_music (m))
-                       {
-                       $$ = unsmob_music (m);
-                       scm_gc_protect_object (m);
-                       }
+       }
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional DURATION_IDENTIFIER
+       {
+               $$ = $2;
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($1, $3)))
+                       MYREPARSE (@3, $1, DURATION_IDENTIFIER, $3);
+               else if (scm_is_true
+                        (scm_call_1
+                         ($1, make_music_from_simple (parser, @3, $3))))
+                       MYREPARSE (@3, $1, DURATION_ARG, $3);
                else
-                       {
-                       if (ok)
-                               loc->error (_ ("Music head function should return Music object.")); 
-                       $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("Music");
-                       }
-               $$->set_spot (*loc);
+                       MYREPARSE (@3, $1, SCM_ARG, $3); // trigger error
+       }
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional '-' UNSIGNED
+       {
+               $$ = $2;
+               SCM n = scm_difference ($4, SCM_UNDEFINED);
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($1, n)))
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $1, REAL, n);
+               else {
+                       Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("FingeringEvent", @4);
+                       t->set_property ("digit", $4);
+                       SCM m = t->unprotect ();
+                       if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($1, m)))
+                               MYREPARSE (@4, $1, SCM_ARG, m);
+                       else
+                               MYREPARSE (@4, $1, SCM_ARG, $4);
+               }
+       }
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional '-' REAL
+       {
+               $$ = $2;
+               SCM n = scm_difference ($4, SCM_UNDEFINED);
+               MYREPARSE (@4, $1, REAL, n);
        }
        ;
 
-
-Prefix_composite_music:
-       Generic_prefix_music {
-               $$ = $1;
+function_arglist_optional:
+       function_arglist_backup
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_skip_backup DEFAULT
+       {
+               $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_copy (parser, @4, $1), $3);
        }
-       | CONTEXT simple_string '=' simple_string optional_context_mod Music {
-               $$ = context_spec_music ($2, $4, $6, $5);
+       | function_arglist_skip_backup BACKUP
+       ;
 
+function_arglist_skip_backup:
+       function_arglist_backup
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_skip_backup
+       {
+               $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_copy (parser, @3, $1), $3);
        }
-       | CONTEXT simple_string optional_context_mod Music {
-               $$ = context_spec_music ($2, SCM_UNDEFINED, $4, $3);
-       }
-       | NEWCONTEXT simple_string optional_context_mod Music {
-               $$ = context_spec_music ($2, get_next_unique_context_id (), $4,
-                       $3);
-       }
+       ;
 
-       | TIMES fraction Music  
+music_function_call:
+       MUSIC_FUNCTION function_arglist {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (music_function, @$,
+                                 $1, $2);
+       }
+       ;
 
-       {
-               int n = scm_to_int (scm_car ($2)); int d = scm_to_int (scm_cdr ($2));
-               Music *mp = $3;
 
-               $$= MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TimeScaledMusic");
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
+optional_id:
+       /**/ { $$ = SCM_EOL; }
+       | '=' simple_string {
+               $$ = $2;
+       }
+       ;
 
-               $$->set_property ("element", mp->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (mp->self_scm ());
-               $$->set_property ("numerator", scm_int2num (n));
-               $$->set_property ("denominator", scm_int2num (d));
-               $$->compress (Moment (Rational (n,d)));
+// We must not have lookahead tokens parsed in lyric mode.  In order
+// to save confusion, we take almost the same set as permitted with
+// \lyricmode and/or \lyrics.  However, music identifiers are also
+// allowed, and they obviously do not require switching into lyrics
+// mode for parsing.
 
+lyric_mode_music:
+       {
+               parser->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
+       } grouped_music_list
+       {
+               parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               $$ = $2;
        }
-       | Repeated_music                { $$ = $1; }
-       | TRANSPOSE pitch_also_in_chords pitch_also_in_chords Music {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TransposedMusic");
-               Music *p = $4;
-               Pitch from = *unsmob_pitch ($2);
-               Pitch to = *unsmob_pitch ($3);
+       | MUSIC_IDENTIFIER
+       ;
 
-               p->transpose (pitch_interval (from, to));
-               $$->set_property ("element", p->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (p->self_scm ());
-       }
-       | mode_changing_head Grouped_music_list {
-               if ($1 == ly_symbol2scm ("chords"))
+mode_changed_music:
+       mode_changing_head grouped_music_list {
+               if (scm_is_eq ($1, ly_symbol2scm ("chords")))
                {
-                 Music *chm = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("UnrelativableMusic");
-                 chm->set_property ("element", $2->self_scm ());
-                 $$ = chm;
-                 scm_gc_unprotect_object ($2->self_scm ());
+                 $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (unrelativable_music, @$, $2);
                }
                else
                {
                  $$ = $2;
                }
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
        }
-       | mode_changing_head_with_context optional_context_mod Grouped_music_list {
-               $$ = context_spec_music ($1, get_next_unique_context_id (),
-                                        $3, $2);
-               if ($1 == ly_symbol2scm ("ChordNames"))
+       | mode_changing_head_with_context optional_context_mods grouped_music_list {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (context_specification, @$, $1, SCM_EOL, $2, SCM_BOOL_T, $3);
+               if (scm_is_eq ($1, ly_symbol2scm ("ChordNames")))
                {
-                 Music *chm = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("UnrelativableMusic");
-                 chm->set_property ("element", $$->self_scm ());
-                 scm_gc_unprotect_object ($$->self_scm ());
-                 $$ = chm;
+                 $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (unrelativable_music, @$, $$);
                }
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
-       }
-       | relative_music        { $$ = $1; }
-       | re_rhythmed_music     { $$ = $1; }
-       | TAG embedded_scm Music {
-               tag_music ($3, $2, @$);
-               $$ = $3;
+               parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
        }
        ;
 
-mode_changing_head: 
+mode_changing_head:
        NOTEMODE {
-               SCM nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
-               THIS->lexer_->push_note_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
+               parser->lexer_->push_note_state (Lily::pitchnames);
 
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("notes");
        }
-       | DRUMMODE 
+       | DRUMMODE
                {
-               SCM nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("drumPitchNames");
-               THIS->lexer_->push_note_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
+               parser->lexer_->push_note_state (Lily::drum_pitch_names);
 
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("drums");
        }
        | FIGUREMODE {
-               THIS->lexer_->push_figuredbass_state ();
+               parser->lexer_->push_figuredbass_state ();
 
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("figures");
        }
        | CHORDMODE {
-               SCM nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("chordmodifiers");
-               THIS->lexer_->chordmodifier_tab_ = alist_to_hashq (nn);
-               nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
-               THIS->lexer_->push_chord_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
+               parser->lexer_->chordmodifier_tab_ =
+                       alist_to_hashq (Lily::chordmodifiers);
+               parser->lexer_->push_chord_state (Lily::pitchnames);
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("chords");
 
        }
        | LYRICMODE
-               { THIS->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
+               { parser->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("lyrics");
        }
        ;
 
-mode_changing_head_with_context: 
+mode_changing_head_with_context:
        DRUMS {
-               SCM nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("drumPitchNames");
-               THIS->lexer_->push_note_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
+               parser->lexer_->push_note_state (Lily::drum_pitch_names);
 
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("DrumStaff");
        }
        | FIGURES {
-               THIS->lexer_->push_figuredbass_state ();
+               parser->lexer_->push_figuredbass_state ();
 
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("FiguredBass");
        }
        | CHORDS {
-               SCM nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("chordmodifiers");
-               THIS->lexer_->chordmodifier_tab_ = alist_to_hashq (nn);
-               nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
-               THIS->lexer_->push_chord_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
+               parser->lexer_->chordmodifier_tab_ =
+                       alist_to_hashq (Lily::chordmodifiers);
+               parser->lexer_->push_chord_state (Lily::pitchnames);
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("ChordNames");
        }
        | LYRICS
-               { THIS->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
+               { parser->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("Lyrics");
        }
        ;
 
-
-relative_music:
-       RELATIVE absolute_pitch Music {
-               Music *m = $3;
-               Pitch start = *unsmob_pitch ($2);
-               $$ = make_music_relative (start, m);
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (m->self_scm ());
-       }
-       | RELATIVE Composite_music {
-               Music *m = $2;
-
-               Pitch middle_c (0, 0, 0);
-               $$ = make_music_relative (middle_c, m);
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (m->self_scm ());
+context_change:
+       CHANGE symbol '=' simple_string  {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (context_change, @$, $2, $4);
        }
        ;
 
-new_lyrics:
-       ADDLYRICS { THIS->lexer_->push_lyric_state (); }
-       /*cont */
-       Grouped_music_list {
-       /* Can also use Music at the expensive of two S/Rs similar to
-           \repeat \alternative */
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
 
-               $$ = scm_cons ($3->self_scm (), SCM_EOL);
-       }
-       | new_lyrics ADDLYRICS {
-               THIS->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
-       } Grouped_music_list {
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
-               $$ = scm_cons ($4->self_scm (), $1);
+property_path:
+       symbol_list_rev  {
+               $$ = scm_reverse_x ($1, SCM_EOL);
        }
        ;
 
-re_rhythmed_music:
-       Grouped_music_list new_lyrics {
-               Music * voice = $1;
-               SCM name = get_first_context_id (scm_makfrom0str ("Voice"), voice); 
-               if (!scm_is_string (name))
-               {
-                       name = get_next_unique_lyrics_context_id ();
-                       voice = context_spec_music (scm_makfrom0str ("Voice"),
-                                                   name,
-                                                   voice, SCM_EOL);
-               }
-
-               SCM context = scm_makfrom0str ("Lyrics");
-               Music *all = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("SimultaneousMusic");
-
-               SCM lst = SCM_EOL;
-               for (SCM s = $2; scm_is_pair (s); s = scm_cdr (s))
-               {
-                       Music *music = unsmob_music (scm_car (s));
-                       Music *com = make_lyric_combine_music (name, music);
-                       Music *csm = context_spec_music (context,
-                               get_next_unique_context_id (), com, SCM_EOL);
-                       lst = scm_cons (csm->self_scm (), lst);
+property_operation:
+       symbol '=' scalar {
+               $$ = scm_list_3 (ly_symbol2scm ("assign"), $1, $3);
+       }
+       | UNSET symbol {
+               $$ = scm_list_2 (ly_symbol2scm ("unset"), $2);
+       }
+       | OVERRIDE revert_arg '=' scalar {
+               if (scm_ilength ($2) < 2) {
+                       parser->parser_error (@2, _("bad grob property path"));
+                       $$ = SCM_UNDEFINED;
+               } else {
+                       $$ = scm_cons (ly_symbol2scm ("push"),
+                                      scm_cons2 (scm_car ($2),
+                                                 $4,
+                                                 scm_cdr ($2)));
                }
-               all->set_property ("elements", scm_cons (voice->self_scm (),
-                       lst));
-               $$ = all;
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (voice->self_scm ());
        }
-       | LYRICSTO simple_string {
-               THIS->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
-       } Music {
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
-               Music *music = $4;
-               SCM name = $2;
-               $$ = make_lyric_combine_music (name, music);
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (music->self_scm ());
+       | REVERT revert_arg {
+               $$ = scm_cons (ly_symbol2scm ("pop"), $2);
        }
        ;
 
-context_change:
-       CHANGE STRING '=' STRING  {
-               Music*t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("ContextChange");
-               t-> set_property ("change-to-type", scm_string_to_symbol ($2));
-               t-> set_property ("change-to-id", $4);
-
-               $$ = t;
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
+// This is all quite awkward for the sake of substantial backward
+// compatibility while at the same time allowing a more "natural" form
+// of specification not separating grob specification from grob
+// property path.  The purpose of this definition of revert_arg is to
+// allow the symbol list which specifies grob and property to revert
+// to be optionally be split into two parts after the grob (which in
+// this case is just the first element of the list).  symbol_list_part
+// is only one path component, but it can be parsed without lookahead,
+// so we can follow it with a synthetic BACKUP token when needed.  If
+// the first symbol_list_part already contains multiple elements (only
+// possible if a Scheme expression provides them), we just parse for
+// additional elements introduced by '.', which is what the
+// SYMBOL_LIST backup in connection with the immediately following
+// rule using symbol_list_arg does.
+//
+// As long as we don't have our coffers filled with both grob and at
+// least one grob property specification, the rest of the required
+// symbol list chain may be provided either with or without a leading
+// dot.  This is for both allowing the traditional
+// \revert Accidental #'color
+// as well as well as the "naive" form
+// \revert Accidental.color
+
+revert_arg:
+       revert_arg_backup BACKUP symbol_list_arg
+       {
+               $$ = $3;
        }
        ;
 
-property_operation:
-       STRING '=' scalar {
-               $$ = scm_list_3 (ly_symbol2scm ("assign"),
-                       scm_string_to_symbol ($1), $3);
+revert_arg_backup:
+       revert_arg_part
+       {
+               if (scm_is_null ($1)
+                   || scm_is_null (scm_cdr ($1)))
+                       MYBACKUP (SCM_ARG, $1, @1);
+               else
+                       MYBACKUP (SYMBOL_LIST, scm_reverse_x ($1, SCM_EOL), @1);
        }
-       | UNSET simple_string {
-               $$ = scm_list_2 (ly_symbol2scm ("unset"),
-                       scm_string_to_symbol ($2));
+       ;
+
+// revert_arg_part delivers results in reverse
+revert_arg_part:
+       symbol_list_part
+       | revert_arg_backup BACKUP SCM_ARG '.' symbol_list_part
+       {
+               $$ = scm_append_x (scm_list_2 ($5, $3));
        }
-       | OVERRIDE simple_string embedded_scm '=' embedded_scm {
-               $$ = scm_list_4 (ly_symbol2scm ("push"),
-                       scm_string_to_symbol ($2), $3, $5);
+       | revert_arg_backup BACKUP SCM_ARG ',' symbol_list_part
+       {
+               $$ = scm_append_x (scm_list_2 ($5, $3));
        }
-       | REVERT simple_string embedded_scm {
-               $$ = scm_list_3 (ly_symbol2scm ("pop"),
-                       scm_string_to_symbol ($2), $3);
+       | revert_arg_backup BACKUP SCM_ARG symbol_list_part
+       {
+               $$ = scm_append_x (scm_list_2 ($4, $3));
        }
        ;
 
@@ -1332,6 +2779,7 @@ context_def_mod:
        | REMOVE { $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("remove"); }
 
        | ACCEPTS { $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("accepts"); }
+       | DEFAULTCHILD { $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("default-child"); }
        | DENIES { $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("denies"); }
 
        | ALIAS { $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("alias"); }
@@ -1345,139 +2793,252 @@ context_mod:
        | context_def_mod STRING {
                $$ = scm_list_2 ($1, $2);
        }
+       | context_def_mod SYMBOL {
+               $$ = scm_list_2 ($1, $2);
+       }
+       | context_def_mod embedded_scm
+       {
+               if (!scm_is_string ($2)
+                   && !scm_is_eq ($1, ly_symbol2scm ("consists"))
+                   && !scm_is_eq ($1, ly_symbol2scm ("remove")))
+               {
+                       $$ = SCM_EOL;
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("only \\consists and \\remove take non-string argument."));
+               }
+               else
+               {
+                       $$ = scm_list_2 ($1, $2);
+               }
+       }
        ;
 
-context_prop_spec:
-       simple_string {
-               if (!is_regular_identifier ($1))
+// If defined, at least two members.
+grob_prop_spec:
+       symbol_list_rev
+       {
+               SCM l = scm_reverse_x ($1, SCM_EOL);
+               if (scm_is_pair (l)
+                   && to_boolean
+                   (scm_object_property (scm_car (l),
+                                         ly_symbol2scm ("is-grob?"))))
+                       l = scm_cons (ly_symbol2scm ("Bottom"), l);
+               if (scm_is_null (l) || scm_is_null (scm_cdr (l))) {
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("bad grob property path"));
+                       l = SCM_UNDEFINED;
+               }
+               $$ = l;
+       }
+       ;
+
+// If defined, at least three members
+grob_prop_path:
+       grob_prop_spec
+       {
+               if (!SCM_UNBNDP ($1) && scm_is_null (scm_cddr ($1)))
                {
-                       @$.error (_("Grob name should be alphanumeric"));
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("bad grob property path"));
+                       $$ = SCM_UNDEFINED;
+               }
+       }
+       | grob_prop_spec property_path
+       {
+               if (!SCM_UNBNDP ($1)) {
+                       $$ = scm_append_x (scm_list_2 ($1, $2));
+                       if (scm_is_null (scm_cddr ($$))) {
+                               parser->parser_error (@$, _ ("bad grob property path"));
+                               $$ = SCM_UNDEFINED;
+                       }
                }
 
-               $$ = scm_list_2 (ly_symbol2scm ("Bottom"),
-                       scm_string_to_symbol ($1));
        }
-       | simple_string '.' simple_string {
-               $$ = scm_list_2 (scm_string_to_symbol ($1),
-                       scm_string_to_symbol ($3));
+       ;
+
+// Exactly two elements or undefined
+context_prop_spec:
+       symbol_list_rev
+       {
+               SCM l = scm_reverse_x ($1, SCM_EOL);
+               switch (scm_ilength (l)) {
+               case 1:
+                       l = scm_cons (ly_symbol2scm ("Bottom"), l);
+               case 2:
+                       break;
+               default:
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("bad context property path"));
+                       l = SCM_UNDEFINED;
+               }
+               $$ = l;
+       }
+       ;
+
+
+// This is all quite awkward for the sake of substantial backward
+// compatibility while at the same time allowing a more "natural" form
+// of specification not separating grob specification from grob
+// property path.  The purpose of this definition of
+// simple_revert_context is to allow the symbol list which specifies
+// grob and property to revert to be optionally be split into two
+// parts after the grob (which may be preceded by a context
+// specification, a case which we distinguish by checking whether the
+// first symbol is a valid grob symbol instead).
+//
+// See revert_arg above for the main work horse of this arrangement.
+// simple_revert_context just caters for the context and delegates the
+// rest of the job to revert_arg.
+
+simple_revert_context:
+       symbol_list_part
+       {
+               $1 = scm_reverse_x ($1, SCM_EOL);
+               if (scm_is_null ($1)
+                   || to_boolean
+                   (scm_object_property (scm_car ($1),
+                                         ly_symbol2scm ("is-grob?")))) {
+                       $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("Bottom");
+                       parser->lexer_->push_extra_token (@1, SCM_IDENTIFIER, $1);
+               } else {
+                       $$ = scm_car ($1);
+                       parser->lexer_->push_extra_token (@1, SCM_IDENTIFIER,
+                                                         scm_cdr ($1));
+               }
        }
        ;
 
 music_property_def:
-       OVERRIDE context_prop_spec embedded_scm '=' scalar {
-               $$ = property_op_to_music (scm_list_4 (
-                       ly_symbol2scm ("poppush"),
-                       scm_cadr ($2),
-                       $3, $5));
-               $$= context_spec_music (scm_car ($2), SCM_UNDEFINED, $$, SCM_EOL);
+       OVERRIDE grob_prop_path '=' scalar {
+               if (SCM_UNBNDP ($2))
+                       $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (void_music, @$);
+               else
+                       $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (property_override, @$,
+                                         scm_car ($2),
+                                         scm_cdr ($2),
+                                         $4);
        }
-       | REVERT context_prop_spec embedded_scm {
-               $$ = property_op_to_music (scm_list_3 (
-                       ly_symbol2scm ("pop"),
-                       scm_cadr ($2),
-                       $3));
-
-               $$= context_spec_music (scm_car ($2), SCM_UNDEFINED, $$, SCM_EOL);
+       | REVERT simple_revert_context revert_arg {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (property_revert, @$, $2, $3);
        }
        | SET context_prop_spec '=' scalar {
-               $$ = property_op_to_music (scm_list_3 (
-                       ly_symbol2scm ("assign"),
-                       scm_cadr ($2),
-                       $4));
-               $$= context_spec_music (scm_car ($2), SCM_UNDEFINED, $$, SCM_EOL);
+               if (SCM_UNBNDP ($2))
+                       $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (void_music, @$);
+               else
+                       $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (property_set, @$,
+                                         scm_car ($2),
+                                         scm_cadr ($2),
+                                         $4);
        }
        | UNSET context_prop_spec {
-               $$ = property_op_to_music (scm_list_2 (
-                       ly_symbol2scm ("unset"),
-                       scm_cadr ($2)));
-               $$= context_spec_music (scm_car ($2), SCM_UNDEFINED, $$, SCM_EOL);
-       }
-       | ONCE music_property_def {
-               SCM e = $2->get_property ("element");
-                unsmob_music (e)->set_property ("once", SCM_BOOL_T);
-               $$ = $2;
-
+               if (SCM_UNBNDP ($2))
+                       $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (void_music, @$);
+               else
+                       $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (property_unset, @$,
+                                         scm_car ($2),
+                                         scm_cadr ($2));
        }
        ;
 
-
 string:
-       STRING {
-               $$ = $1;
-       }
-       | STRING_IDENTIFIER {
-               $$ = $1;
-       }
-       | string '+' string {
-               $$ = scm_string_append (scm_list_2 ($1, $3));
-       }
+       STRING
+       | SYMBOL
+       | full_markup
        ;
 
-simple_string: STRING {
-               $$ = $1;
+text:
+       STRING
+       | SYMBOL
+       | full_markup
+       | embedded_scm_bare
+       {
+               if (Text_interface::is_markup ($1)) {
+                       $$ = $1;
+               } else {
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, (_ ("markup expected")));
+                       $$ = scm_string (SCM_EOL);
+               }
        }
-       | LYRICS_STRING {
-               $$ = $1;
+       ;
+
+simple_string: STRING
+       | SYMBOL
+       | embedded_scm_bare
+       {
+               if (scm_is_string ($1)) {
+                       $$ = $1;
+               } else {
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, (_ ("simple string expected")));
+                       $$ = scm_string (SCM_EOL);
+               }
        }
        ;
 
-scalar: string {
-               $$ = $1;
+symbol:
+       STRING {
+               $$ = scm_string_to_symbol ($1);
        }
-       | LYRICS_STRING {
-               $$ = $1;
+       | SYMBOL
+       {
+               if (!is_regular_identifier ($1, false))
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, (_ ("symbol expected")));
+               $$ = scm_string_to_symbol ($1);
        }
-        | bare_int {
-               $$ = scm_int2num ($1);
+       | embedded_scm_bare
+       {
+               // This is a bit of overkill but makes the same
+               // routine responsible for all symbol interpretations.
+               $$ = try_string_variants (Guile_user::symbol_p, $1);
+               if (SCM_UNBNDP ($$))
+               {
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, (_ ("symbol expected")));
+                       // Generate a unique symbol in case it is used
+                       // for an assignment or similar
+                       $$ = scm_make_symbol (ly_string2scm ("undefined"));
+               }
        }
-        | embedded_scm {
-               $$ = $1;
+       ;
+
+scalar:
+       embedded_scm_arg
+       | pitch_or_music
+       | SCM_IDENTIFIER
+       | bare_number
+       // The following is a rather defensive variant of admitting
+       // negative numbers: the grammar would permit number_factor or
+       // even number_expression.  However, function arguments allow
+       // only this simple kind of negative number, so to have things
+       // like \tweak and \override behave reasonably similar, it
+       // makes sense to rule out things like -- which are rather an
+       // accent in function argument contexts.
+       | '-' bare_number
+       {
+               $$ = scm_difference ($2, SCM_UNDEFINED);
        }
-       | full_markup {
-               $$ = $1;
+       | string
+       | symbol_list_part_bare '.' property_path
+       {
+               $$ = scm_reverse_x ($1, $3);
        }
-       | DIGIT {
-               $$ = scm_int2num ($1);
+       | symbol_list_part_bare ',' property_path
+       {
+               $$ = scm_reverse_x ($1, $3);
        }
        ;
 
-/*
-
-pre_events doesn't contain anything. It is a trick:
-
-Adding pre_events to the simple_element
-makes the choice between
-
-  string:  STRING
-
-and
-
-  simple_element: STRING
-
-a single shift/reduction conflict.
-
-nevertheless, this is not very clean, and we should find a different
-solution.
-
-*/
-pre_events: /* empty */
-       ;
-
 event_chord:
-       pre_events simple_element post_events   {
-               SCM elts = $2-> get_property ("elements");
-
-               elts = ly_append2 (elts, scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL));
-
-               $2->set_property ("elements", elts);
-               /* why is this giving wrong start location? -ns
-                * $2->set_spot (@$); */
-               Input i;
-               i.set_location (@2, @3);
-               $2->set_spot (i);
-               $$ = $2;
-       }
-       | command_element
+       simple_element post_events {
+               // Let the rhythmic music iterator sort this mess out.
+               if (scm_is_pair ($2)) {
+                       unsmob<Music> ($$)->set_property ("articulations",
+                                                        scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
+               }
+       } %prec ':'
+       | CHORD_REPETITION optional_notemode_duration post_events {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (repetition_chord, @$,
+                                 $2, scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL));
+       } %prec ':'
+       | MULTI_MEASURE_REST optional_notemode_duration post_events {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (multi_measure_rest, @$, $2,
+                                 scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL));
+       } %prec ':'
+       | tempo_event
        | note_chord_element
        ;
 
@@ -1485,64 +3046,53 @@ event_chord:
 note_chord_element:
        chord_body optional_notemode_duration post_events
        {
-               SCM dur = unsmob_duration ($2)->smobbed_copy ();
-               SCM es = $1->get_property ("elements");
+               Music *m = unsmob<Music> ($1);
+               SCM dur = unsmob<Duration> ($2)->smobbed_copy ();
+               SCM es = m->get_property ("elements");
                SCM postevs = scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL);
 
                for (SCM s = es; scm_is_pair (s); s = scm_cdr (s))
-                 unsmob_music (scm_car (s))->set_property ("duration", dur);
+                 unsmob<Music> (scm_car (s))->set_property ("duration", dur);
                es = ly_append2 (es, postevs);
 
-               $1-> set_property ("elements", es);
-               $1->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = $1;
-       }
-       ;
-
-chord_open: '<'
-       ;
-
-chord_close: '>'
-       ;
-
-simul_open: DOUBLE_ANGLE_OPEN
-       ;
-
-simul_close: DOUBLE_ANGLE_CLOSE
+               m->set_property ("elements", es);
+               m->set_spot (parser->lexer_->override_input (@$));
+               $$ = m->self_scm ();
+       } %prec ':'
        ;
 
 chord_body:
-       chord_open chord_body_elements chord_close
+       ANGLE_OPEN chord_body_elements ANGLE_CLOSE
+       {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (event_chord, @$, scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
+       }
+       | FIGURE_OPEN figure_list FIGURE_CLOSE
        {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
-               $$->set_property ("elements",
-                       scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (event_chord, @$, scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
        }
        ;
 
 chord_body_elements:
        /* empty */             { $$ = SCM_EOL; }
        | chord_body_elements chord_body_element {
-               $$ = scm_cons ($2->self_scm (), $1);
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($2->self_scm ());
+               if (!SCM_UNBNDP ($2))
+                       $$ = scm_cons ($2, $1);
        }
        ;
 
 chord_body_element:
-       pitch exclamations questions octave_check post_events
+       pitch_or_tonic_pitch exclamations questions octave_check post_events
        {
-               int q = $3;
-               int ex = $2;
+               bool q = to_boolean ($3);
+               bool ex = to_boolean ($2);
                SCM check = $4;
                SCM post = $5;
 
-               Music *n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent");
+               Music *n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent", @$);
                n->set_property ("pitch", $1);
-               n->set_spot (@$);
-               if (q % 2)
+               if (q)
                        n->set_property ("cautionary", SCM_BOOL_T);
-               if (ex % 2 || q % 2)
+                if (ex || q)
                        n->set_property ("force-accidental", SCM_BOOL_T);
 
                if (scm_is_pair (post)) {
@@ -1552,345 +3102,226 @@ chord_body_element:
                if (scm_is_number (check))
                {
                        int q = scm_to_int (check);
-                       n->set_property ("absolute-octave", scm_int2num (q-1));
+                       n->set_property ("absolute-octave", scm_from_int (q-1));
                }
 
-               
-               $$ = n;
+               $$ = n->unprotect ();
        }
        | DRUM_PITCH post_events {
-               Music *n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent");
-               n->set_property ("duration", $2);
+               Music *n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent", @$);
                n->set_property ("drum-type", $1);
-               n->set_spot (@$);
 
                if (scm_is_pair ($2)) {
                        SCM arts = scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL);
                        n->set_property ("articulations", arts);
                }
-               $$ = n;
-       }
-       ;
-
-add_quote:
-       ADDQUOTE string Music {
-               SCM adder = ly_lily_module_constant ("add-quotable");
-               
-               scm_call_2 (adder, $2, $3->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($3->self_scm ());
-       }
-       ;
-
-command_element:
-       command_req {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
-               $$->set_property ("elements", scm_cons ($1->self_scm (), SCM_EOL));
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($1->self_scm ());
-
-               $$-> set_spot (@$);
-               $1-> set_spot (@$);
-       }
-       | SKIP duration_length {
-               Music *skip = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("SkipMusic");
-               skip->set_property ("duration", $2);
-               skip->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = skip;
-       }
-       | OCTAVE pitch {
-               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("RelativeOctaveCheck");
-               $$ = m;
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
-               $$->set_property ("pitch", $2);
-       }
-       | E_LEFTSQUARE {
-               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("LigatureEvent");
-               m->set_property ("span-direction", scm_int2num (START));
-               m->set_spot (@$);
-
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
-               $$->set_property ("elements", scm_cons (m->self_scm (), SCM_EOL));
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (m->self_scm ());
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
+               $$ = n->unprotect ();
        }
-       | E_RIGHTSQUARE {
-               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("LigatureEvent");
-               m->set_property ("span-direction", scm_int2num (STOP));
-               m->set_spot (@$);
-
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
-               $$->set_property ("elements", scm_cons (m->self_scm (), SCM_EOL));
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (m->self_scm ());
-       }
-       | E_BACKSLASH {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("VoiceSeparator");
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
-       }
-       | '|'      {
-               SCM pipe = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pipeSymbol");
-
-               if (Music * m = unsmob_music (pipe))
-                       $$ = m->clone ();
-               else
-                       $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("BarCheck");
-
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
-       }
-       | TRANSPOSITION pitch {
-               Pitch middle_c;
-               Pitch sounds_as_c = pitch_interval (*unsmob_pitch ($2), middle_c);
-               $$ = set_property_music (ly_symbol2scm ("instrumentTransposition"),
-                                        sounds_as_c.smobbed_copy());
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = context_spec_music (ly_symbol2scm ("Staff"), SCM_UNDEFINED,
-                       $$, SCM_EOL);
-       }
-       | BAR STRING                    {
-               Music *t = set_property_music (ly_symbol2scm ("whichBar"), $2);
-
-               Music *csm = context_spec_music (ly_symbol2scm ("Timing"), SCM_UNDEFINED,
-                                       t, SCM_EOL);
-               $$ = context_spec_music (ly_symbol2scm ("Score"), SCM_UNDEFINED, csm, SCM_EOL);
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
-               t->set_spot (@$);
-       }
-       | PARTIAL duration_length       {
-               Moment m = - unsmob_duration ($2)->get_length ();
-               Music *p = set_property_music (ly_symbol2scm ( "measurePosition"),m.smobbed_copy ());
-               p->set_spot (@$);
-               p = context_spec_music (ly_symbol2scm ("Timing"), SCM_UNDEFINED,
-                                       p, SCM_EOL);
-               p = context_spec_music (ly_symbol2scm ("Score"), SCM_UNDEFINED,
-                                       p, SCM_EOL);
-               $$ = p;
-       }
-       | CLEF STRING  {
-               SCM proc = ly_lily_module_constant ("make-clef-set");
-
-               SCM result = scm_call_1 (proc, $2);
-               scm_gc_protect_object (result);
-               $$ = unsmob_music (result);
-       }
-       | TIME_T fraction  {
-               SCM proc = ly_lily_module_constant ("make-time-signature-set");
+       | music_function_chord_body
+       {
+               Music *m = unsmob<Music> ($1);
 
-               SCM result = scm_apply_2   (proc, scm_car ($2), scm_cdr ($2), SCM_EOL);
-               scm_gc_protect_object (result);
-               $$ = unsmob_music (result);
-       }
-       | MARK scalar {
-               SCM proc = ly_lily_module_constant ("make-mark-set");
+               while (m && m->is_mus_type ("music-wrapper-music")) {
+                       $$ = m->get_property ("element");
+                       m = unsmob<Music> ($$);
+               }
 
-               SCM result = scm_call_1 (proc, $2);
-               scm_gc_protect_object (result);
-               $$ = unsmob_music (result);
+               if (!(m && m->is_mus_type ("rhythmic-event"))) {
+                       parser->parser_error (@$, _ ("not a rhythmic event"));
+                       $$ = SCM_UNDEFINED;
+               }
        }
        ;
 
-command_req:
-       E_TILDE {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("PesOrFlexaEvent");
-       }
-       | MARK DEFAULT  {
-               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("MarkEvent");
-               $$ = m;
-       }
-       | tempo_event {
-               $$ = $1;
-       }
-       | KEY DEFAULT {
-               Music *key = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("KeyChangeEvent");
-               $$ = key;
-       }
-       | KEY NOTENAME_PITCH SCM_IDENTIFIER     {
-
-               Music *key = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("KeyChangeEvent");
-               if (scm_ilength ($3) > 0)
-               {               
-                       key->set_property ("pitch-alist", $3);
-                       key->set_property ("tonic", Pitch (0,0,0).smobbed_copy ());
-                       key->transpose (* unsmob_pitch ($2));
-               } else {
-                       THIS->parser_error (@3, _ ("Second argument must be pitch list."));
-               }
+music_function_chord_body:
+       music_function_call
+       | MUSIC_IDENTIFIER
+       | embedded_scm
+       ;
 
-               $$ = key;
+event_function_event:
+       EVENT_FUNCTION function_arglist {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (music_function, @$,
+                                 $1, $2);
        }
        ;
 
-
 post_events:
        /* empty */ {
                $$ = SCM_EOL;
        }
        | post_events post_event {
-               $2->set_spot (@2);
-               $$ = scm_cons ($2->self_scm (), $$);
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($2->self_scm ());
-       }
-       | post_events tagged_post_event {
-               $2 -> set_spot (@2);
-               $$ = scm_cons ($2->self_scm (), $$);
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($2->self_scm ());
-       }
-       ;
-
-
-tagged_post_event:
-       '-' TAG embedded_scm post_event {
-               tag_music ($4, $3, @$);
-               $$ = $4;
+               $$ = $1;
+               if (Music *m = unsmob<Music> ($2))
+               {
+                       if (m->is_mus_type ("post-event-wrapper"))
+                       {
+                               for (SCM p = m->get_property ("elements");
+                                    scm_is_pair (p);
+                                    p = scm_cdr (p))
+                               {
+                                       $$ = scm_cons (scm_car (p), $$);
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               m->set_spot (parser->lexer_->override_input (@2));
+                               $$ = scm_cons ($2, $$);
+                       }
+               }
        }
        ;
 
-
-post_event:
+post_event_nofinger:
        direction_less_event {
                $$ = $1;
        }
+       | script_dir music_function_call {
+               Music *m = unsmob<Music> ($2);
+               if (!m->is_mus_type ("post-event")) {
+                       parser->parser_error (@2, _ ("post-event expected"));
+                       $$ = SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
+               } else {
+                       m->set_spot (parser->lexer_->override_input (@$));
+                       if (!SCM_UNBNDP ($1))
+                               m->set_property ("direction", $1);
+                       $$ = $2;
+               }
+       }
        | HYPHEN {
-               if (!THIS->lexer_->is_lyric_state ())
-                       THIS->parser_error (@1, _ ("Have to be in Lyric mode for lyrics"));
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("HyphenEvent");
+               if (!parser->lexer_->is_lyric_state ())
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Lyric mode for lyrics"));
+               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("HyphenEvent", @$)->unprotect ();
        }
        | EXTENDER {
-               if (!THIS->lexer_->is_lyric_state ())
-                       THIS->parser_error (@1, _ ("Have to be in Lyric mode for lyrics"));
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("ExtenderEvent");
+               if (!parser->lexer_->is_lyric_state ())
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Lyric mode for lyrics"));
+               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("ExtenderEvent", @$)->unprotect ();
        }
        | script_dir direction_reqd_event {
-               if ($1)
-                       $2->set_property ("direction", scm_int2num ($1));
+               if (Music *m = unsmob<Music> ($2)) {
+                       m->set_spot (parser->lexer_->override_input (@$));
+                       if (!SCM_UNBNDP ($1))
+                       {
+                               m->set_property ("direction", $1);
+                       }
+               }
                $$ = $2;
        }
        | script_dir direction_less_event {
-               if ($1)
-                       $2->set_property ("direction", scm_int2num ($1));
+               Music *m = unsmob<Music> ($2);
+               m->set_spot (parser->lexer_->override_input (@$));
+               if (!SCM_UNBNDP ($1))
+                       m->set_property ("direction", $1);
+               $$ = $2;
+       }
+       | '^' fingering
+       {
+               Music *m = unsmob<Music> ($2);
+               m->set_spot (parser->lexer_->override_input (@$));
+               m->set_property ("direction", scm_from_int (UP));
+               $$ = $2;
+       }
+       | '_' fingering
+       {
+               Music *m = unsmob<Music> ($2);
+               m->set_spot (parser->lexer_->override_input (@$));
+               m->set_property ("direction", scm_from_int (DOWN));
                $$ = $2;
        }
-       | string_number_event
        ;
 
-string_number_event:
-       E_UNSIGNED {
-               Music *s = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("StringNumberEvent");
-               s->set_property ("string-number", scm_int2num ($1));
-               s->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = s;
+post_event:
+       post_event_nofinger
+       | '-' fingering {
+               unsmob<Music> ($2)->set_spot (parser->lexer_->override_input (@$));
+               $$ = $2;
        }
        ;
 
-direction_less_char:
-       '['  {
-               $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("bracketOpenSymbol");
-       }
-       | ']'  {
-               $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("bracketCloseSymbol"); 
-       }
-       | '~'  {
-               $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("tildeSymbol");
-       }
-       | '('  {
-               $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("parenthesisOpenSymbol");
-       }
-       | ')'  {
-               $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("parenthesisCloseSymbol");
-       }
-       | E_EXCLAMATION  {
-               $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("escapedExclamationSymbol");
-       }
-       | E_OPEN  {
-               $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("escapedParenthesisOpenSymbol");
-       }
-       | E_CLOSE  {
-               $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("escapedParenthesisCloseSymbol");
-       }
-       | E_BIGGER  {
-               $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("escapedBiggerSymbol");
-       }
-       | E_SMALLER  {
-               $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("escapedSmallerSymbol");
+string_number_event:
+       E_UNSIGNED {
+               Music *s = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("StringNumberEvent", @$);
+               s->set_property ("string-number", $1);
+               $$ = s->unprotect ();
        }
        ;
 
 direction_less_event:
-       direction_less_char {
-               SCM predefd = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier_symbol ($1);
-               Music * m = 0;
-               if (unsmob_music (predefd))
-               {
-                       m = unsmob_music (predefd)->clone ();
-               }
-               else
-               {
-                       m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("Music");
-               }
-               m->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = m;         
-       }
+       string_number_event
        | EVENT_IDENTIFIER      {
-               $$ = unsmob_music ($1);
+               $$ = $1;
        }
        | tremolo_type  {
-               Music *a = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TremoloEvent");
-               a->set_spot (@$);
-               a->set_property ("tremolo-type", scm_int2num ($1));
-               $$ = a;
+               Music *a = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TremoloEvent", @$);
+               a->set_property ("tremolo-type", $1);
+               $$ = a->unprotect ();
         }
-       ;       
-       
+       | event_function_event
+       ;
+
 direction_reqd_event:
        gen_text_def {
                $$ = $1;
        }
        | script_abbreviation {
-               SCM s = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("dash" + ly_scm2string ($1));
-               Music *a = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("ArticulationEvent");
-               if (scm_is_string (s))
+               SCM s = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("dash" + ly_scm2string ($1));
+               if (scm_is_string (s)) {
+                       Music *a = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("ArticulationEvent", @$);
                        a->set_property ("articulation-type", s);
-               else THIS->parser_error (@1, _ ("Expecting string as script definition"));
-               $$ = a;
+                       $$ = a->unprotect ();
+               } else {
+                       Music *original = unsmob<Music> (s);
+                       if (original && original->is_mus_type ("post-event")) {
+                               Music *a = original->clone ();
+                               // origin will be set by post_event_nofinger
+                               $$ = a->unprotect ();
+                       } else {
+                               parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("expecting string or post-event as script definition"));
+                               $$ = SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
+                       }
+               }
        }
        ;
 
 octave_check:
        /**/ { $$ = SCM_EOL; }
-       | '='  { $$ = scm_int2num (0); }
-       | '=' sub_quotes { $$ = scm_int2num ($2); }
-       | '=' sup_quotes { $$ = scm_int2num ($2); }
+       | '=' quotes { $$ = $2; }
        ;
 
+quotes:
+       /* empty */
+       {
+                $$ = SCM_INUM0;
+        }
+       | sub_quotes
+        | sup_quotes
+        ;
+
 sup_quotes:
        '\'' {
-               $$ = 1;
+               $$ = scm_from_int (1);
        }
        | sup_quotes '\'' {
-               $$ ++;
+               $$ = scm_oneplus ($1);
        }
        ;
 
 sub_quotes:
        ',' {
-               $$ = 1;
+               $$ = scm_from_int (-1);
        }
        | sub_quotes ',' {
-               $$++;
+               $$ = scm_oneminus ($1);
        }
        ;
 
 steno_pitch:
-       NOTENAME_PITCH  {
-               $$ = $1;
-       }
-       | NOTENAME_PITCH sup_quotes     {
-               Pitch p = *unsmob_pitch ($1);
-               p = p.transposed (Pitch ($2,0,0));
-               $$ = p.smobbed_copy ();
-       }
-       | NOTENAME_PITCH sub_quotes      {
-               Pitch p =* unsmob_pitch ($1);
-               p = p.transposed (Pitch (-$2,0,0));
-               $$ = p.smobbed_copy ();
+       NOTENAME_PITCH quotes {
+                if (!scm_is_eq (SCM_INUM0, $2))
+                {
+                        Pitch p = *unsmob<Pitch> ($1);
+                        p = p.transposed (Pitch (scm_to_int ($2), 0));
+                        $$ = p.smobbed_copy ();
+                }
        }
        ;
 
@@ -1899,231 +3330,276 @@ ugh. duplication
 */
 
 steno_tonic_pitch:
-       TONICNAME_PITCH {
-               $$ = $1;
-       }
-       | TONICNAME_PITCH sup_quotes    {
-               Pitch p = *unsmob_pitch ($1);
-               p = p.transposed (Pitch ($2,0,0));
-               $$ = p.smobbed_copy ();
-       }
-       | TONICNAME_PITCH sub_quotes     {
-               Pitch p =* unsmob_pitch ($1);
-
-               p = p.transposed (Pitch (-$2,0,0));
-               $$ = p.smobbed_copy ();
+       TONICNAME_PITCH quotes {
+                if (!scm_is_eq (SCM_INUM0, $2))
+                {
+                        Pitch p = *unsmob<Pitch> ($1);
+                        p = p.transposed (Pitch (scm_to_int ($2), 0));
+                        $$ = p.smobbed_copy ();
+                }
        }
        ;
 
 pitch:
-       steno_pitch {
-               $$ = $1;
+       steno_pitch
+       | PITCH_IDENTIFIER quotes {
+                if (!scm_is_eq (SCM_INUM0, $2))
+                {
+                        Pitch p = *unsmob<Pitch> ($1);
+                        p = p.transposed (Pitch (scm_to_int ($2), 0));
+                        $$ = p.smobbed_copy ();
+                }
        }
        ;
 
-pitch_also_in_chords:
+pitch_or_tonic_pitch:
        pitch
        | steno_tonic_pitch
        ;
 
 gen_text_def:
        full_markup {
-               Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TextScriptEvent");
+               Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TextScriptEvent", @$);
                t->set_property ("text", $1);
-               t->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = t; 
+               $$ = t->unprotect ();
+       }
+       | STRING {
+               Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TextScriptEvent", @$);
+               t->set_property ("text",
+                       make_simple_markup ($1));
+               $$ = t->unprotect ();
        }
-       | string {
-               Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TextScriptEvent");
+       | SYMBOL {
+               // Flag a warning? could be unintentional
+               Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TextScriptEvent", @$);
                t->set_property ("text",
                        make_simple_markup ($1));
-               t->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = t;
-       
+               $$ = t->unprotect ();
+       }
+       | embedded_scm
+       {
+               Music *m = unsmob<Music> ($1);
+               if (m && m->is_mus_type ("post-event"))
+                       $$ = $1;
+               else if (Text_interface::is_markup ($1)) {
+                       Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TextScriptEvent", @$);
+                       t->set_property ("text", $1);
+                       $$ = t->unprotect ();
+               } else {
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("not an articulation"));
+                       $$ = SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
+               }
        }
-       | DIGIT {
-               Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("FingerEvent");
-               t->set_property ("digit", scm_int2num ($1));
-               t->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = t;
+       ;
+
+fingering:
+       UNSIGNED {
+               Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("FingeringEvent", @$);
+               t->set_property ("digit", $1);
+               $$ = t->unprotect ();
        }
        ;
 
 script_abbreviation:
        '^'             {
-               $$ = scm_makfrom0str ("Hat");
+               $$ = scm_from_ascii_string ("Hat");
        }
        | '+'           {
-               $$ = scm_makfrom0str ("Plus");
+               $$ = scm_from_ascii_string ("Plus");
        }
        | '-'           {
-               $$ = scm_makfrom0str ("Dash");
+               $$ = scm_from_ascii_string ("Dash");
        }
-       | '|'           {
-               $$ = scm_makfrom0str ("Bar");
+       | '!'           {
+               $$ = scm_from_ascii_string ("Bang");
        }
-       | '>'           {
-               $$ = scm_makfrom0str ("Larger");
+       | ANGLE_CLOSE   {
+               $$ = scm_from_ascii_string ("Larger");
        }
        | '.'           {
-               $$ = scm_makfrom0str ("Dot");
+               $$ = scm_from_ascii_string ("Dot");
        }
        | '_' {
-               $$ = scm_makfrom0str ("Underscore");
+               $$ = scm_from_ascii_string ("Underscore");
        }
        ;
 
 script_dir:
-       '_'     { $$ = DOWN; }
-       | '^'   { $$ = UP; }
-       | '-'   { $$ = CENTER; }
+       '_'     { $$ = scm_from_int (DOWN); }
+       | '^'   { $$ = scm_from_int (UP); }
+       | '-'   { $$ = SCM_UNDEFINED; }
        ;
 
-
-absolute_pitch:
-       steno_pitch     {
+maybe_notemode_duration:
+       {
+               $$ = SCM_UNDEFINED;
+       } %prec ':'
+       | multiplied_duration   {
                $$ = $1;
+               parser->default_duration_ = *unsmob<Duration> ($$);
        }
-       ;
+;
 
-duration_length:
-       multiplied_duration {
-               $$ = $1;
-       }
-       ;
 
 optional_notemode_duration:
+       maybe_notemode_duration
        {
-               Duration dd = THIS->default_duration_;
-               $$ = dd.smobbed_copy ();
-
-               THIS->beam_check ($$);
-       }
-       | multiplied_duration   {
-               $$ = $1;
-               THIS->default_duration_ = *unsmob_duration ($$);
-
-               THIS->beam_check ($$);
+               if (SCM_UNBNDP ($$))
+                       $$ = parser->default_duration_.smobbed_copy ();
        }
        ;
 
 steno_duration:
-       bare_unsigned dots              {
-               int len = 0;
-               if (!is_duration ($1))
-                       THIS->parser_error (@1, _f ("not a duration: %d", $1));
-               else
-                       len = intlog2 ($1);
-
-               $$ = Duration (len, $2).smobbed_copy ();
+       UNSIGNED dots           {
+               $$ = make_duration ($1, scm_to_int ($2));
+               if (SCM_UNBNDP ($$))
+               {
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("not a duration"));
+                       $$ = Duration ().smobbed_copy ();
+               }
        }
        | DURATION_IDENTIFIER dots      {
-               Duration *d = unsmob_duration ($1);
-               Duration k (d->duration_log (), d->dot_count () + $2);
-               *d = k;
-               $$ = $1;
+               $$ = make_duration ($1, scm_to_int ($2));
        }
        ;
 
 multiplied_duration:
-       steno_duration {
-               $$ = $1;
-       }
-       | multiplied_duration '*' bare_unsigned {
-               $$ = unsmob_duration ($$)->compressed ( $3) .smobbed_copy ();
-       }
-       | multiplied_duration '*' FRACTION {
-               Rational  m (scm_to_int (scm_car ($3)), scm_to_int (scm_cdr ($3)));
-
-               $$ = unsmob_duration ($$)->compressed (m).smobbed_copy ();
-       }
-       ;
-
-fraction:
-       FRACTION { $$ = $1; }
-       | UNSIGNED '/' UNSIGNED {
-               $$ = scm_cons (scm_int2num ($1), scm_int2num ($3));
+       steno_duration multipliers {
+               $$ = make_duration ($1, 0, $2);
        }
        ;
 
 dots:
        /* empty */     {
-               $$ = 0;
+               $$ = SCM_INUM0;
        }
        | dots '.' {
-               $$ ++;
+               $$ = scm_oneplus ($1);
+       }
+       ;
+
+multipliers:
+       /* empty */
+       {
+               $$ = SCM_UNDEFINED;
+       }
+       | multipliers '*' UNSIGNED
+       {
+               if (!SCM_UNBNDP ($1))
+                       $$ = scm_product ($1, $3);
+               else
+                       $$ = $3;
+       }
+       | multipliers '*' FRACTION
+       {
+               if (!SCM_UNBNDP ($1))
+                       $$ = scm_product ($1, scm_divide (scm_car ($3),
+                                                         scm_cdr ($3)));
+               else
+                       $$ = scm_divide (scm_car ($3), scm_cdr ($3));
        }
        ;
 
 tremolo_type:
        ':'     {
-               $$ = 0;
+               $$ = scm_from_int (parser->default_tremolo_type_);
        }
-       | ':' bare_unsigned {
-               if (!is_duration ($2))
-                       THIS->parser_error (@2, _f ("not a duration: %d", $2));
-               $$ = $2;
+       | ':' UNSIGNED {
+               if (SCM_UNBNDP (make_duration ($2))) {
+                       parser->parser_error (@2, _ ("not a duration"));
+                       $$ = scm_from_int (parser->default_tremolo_type_);
+               } else {
+                       $$ = $2;
+                       parser->default_tremolo_type_ = scm_to_int ($2);
+               }
        }
        ;
 
 bass_number:
-       DIGIT   {
-               $$ = scm_number_to_string (scm_int2num ($1), scm_int2num (10));
-               $$ = scm_list_2 (ly_lily_module_constant ("number-markup"),
-                               $$);
-       }
-       | UNSIGNED {
-               $$ = scm_number_to_string (scm_int2num ($1), scm_int2num (10));
-               $$ = scm_list_2 (ly_lily_module_constant ("number-markup"),
-                               $$);
+       UNSIGNED
+       | STRING
+       | SYMBOL
+       | full_markup
+       | embedded_scm_bare
+       {
+               // as an integer, it needs to be non-negative, and otherwise
+               // it needs to be suitable as a markup.
+               if (scm_is_integer ($1)
+                   ? scm_is_true (scm_negative_p ($1))
+                   : !Text_interface::is_markup ($1))
+               {
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("bass number expected"));
+                       $$ = SCM_INUM0;
+               }
        }
-       | STRING { $$ = $1; }
        ;
 
-bass_mod:
-       '-'     { $$ = -2; }
-       | '+'   { $$ = 2; }
-       | '!'   { $$ = 0; }
+figured_bass_alteration:
+       '-'     { $$ = ly_rational2scm (FLAT_ALTERATION); }
+       | '+'   { $$ = ly_rational2scm (SHARP_ALTERATION); }
+       | '!'   { $$ = scm_from_int (0); }
        ;
 
 bass_figure:
        FIGURE_SPACE {
-               Music *bfr = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("BassFigureEvent");
-               $$ = bfr->self_scm ();
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($$);
+               Music *bfr = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("BassFigureEvent", @$);
+               $$ = bfr->unprotect ();
        }
        | bass_number  {
-               Music *bfr = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("BassFigureEvent");
+               Music *bfr = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("BassFigureEvent", @$);
                $$ = bfr->self_scm ();
 
-               bfr->set_property ("figure", $1);
+               if (scm_is_number ($1))
+                       bfr->set_property ("figure", $1);
+               else if (Text_interface::is_markup ($1))
+                       bfr->set_property ("text", $1);
 
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($$);
+               bfr->unprotect ();
+       }
+       | bass_figure ']' {
+               $$ = $1;
+               unsmob<Music> ($1)->set_property ("bracket-stop", SCM_BOOL_T);
        }
-       | bass_figure bass_mod {
-               Music *m = unsmob_music ($1);
-               if ($2) {
+       | bass_figure figured_bass_alteration {
+               Music *m = unsmob<Music> ($1);
+               if (scm_to_double ($2)) {
                        SCM salter = m->get_property ("alteration");
-                       int alter = scm_is_number (salter) ? scm_to_int (salter) : 0;
+                       SCM alter = scm_is_number (salter) ? salter : scm_from_int (0);
                        m->set_property ("alteration",
-                               scm_int2num (alter + $2));
+                                        scm_sum (alter, $2));
                } else {
-                       m->set_property ("alteration", scm_int2num (0));
+                       m->set_property ("alteration", scm_from_int (0));
                }
        }
+       | bass_figure figured_bass_modification  {
+               Music *m = unsmob<Music> ($1);
+               m->set_property ($2, SCM_BOOL_T);
+       }
        ;
 
-br_bass_figure:
-       '[' bass_figure {
-               $$ = $2;
-               unsmob_music ($$)->set_property ("bracket-start", SCM_BOOL_T);
+
+figured_bass_modification:
+       E_PLUS          {
+               $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("augmented");
        }
-       | bass_figure   {
-               $$ = $1;
+       | E_EXCLAMATION {
+               $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("no-continuation");
+       }
+       | '/'           {
+               $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("diminished");
+       }
+       | E_BACKSLASH {
+               $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("augmented-slash");
        }
-       | br_bass_figure ']' {
+       ;
+
+br_bass_figure:
+       bass_figure {
                $$ = $1;
-               unsmob_music ($1)->set_property ("bracket-stop", SCM_BOOL_T);
+       }
+       | '[' bass_figure {
+               $$ = $2;
+               unsmob<Music> ($$)->set_property ("bracket-start", SCM_BOOL_T);
        }
        ;
 
@@ -2136,146 +3612,138 @@ figure_list:
        }
        ;
 
-figure_spec:
-       FIGURE_OPEN figure_list FIGURE_CLOSE {
-               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
-               $2 = scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL);
-               m->set_property ("elements", $2);
-               $$ = m->self_scm ();
-       }
-       ;
-
-
 optional_rest:
-       /**/   { $$ = 0; }
-       | REST { $$ = 1; }
+       /**/   { $$ = SCM_BOOL_F; }
+       | REST { $$ = SCM_BOOL_T; }
        ;
 
-simple_element:
-       pitch exclamations questions octave_check optional_notemode_duration optional_rest {
-               if (!THIS->lexer_->is_note_state ())
-                       THIS->parser_error (@1, _ ("Have to be in Note mode for notes"));
-
-               Music *n = 0;
-               if ($6)
-                       n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("RestEvent");
-               else
-                       n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent");
-               
-               n->set_property ("pitch", $1);
-               n->set_property ("duration", $5);
-
-               if (scm_is_number ($4))
+pitch_or_music:
+       pitch exclamations questions octave_check maybe_notemode_duration optional_rest post_events {
+               if (!parser->lexer_->is_note_state ())
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Note mode for notes"));
+               if (!SCM_UNBNDP ($2)
+                    || !SCM_UNBNDP ($3)
+                    || scm_is_number ($4)
+                    || !SCM_UNBNDP ($5)
+                    || scm_is_true ($6)
+                   || scm_is_pair ($7))
                {
-                       int q = scm_to_int ($4);
-                       n->set_property ("absolute-octave", scm_int2num (q-1));
-               }
-
-               if ($3 % 2)
-                       n->set_property ("cautionary", SCM_BOOL_T);
-               if ($2 % 2 || $3 % 2)
-                       n->set_property ("force-accidental", SCM_BOOL_T);
+                       Music *n = 0;
+                       if (scm_is_true ($6))
+                               n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("RestEvent", @$);
+                       else
+                               n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent", @$);
+
+                       n->set_property ("pitch", $1);
+                       if (SCM_UNBNDP ($5))
+                               n->set_property ("duration",
+                                                parser->default_duration_.smobbed_copy ());
+                       else
+                               n->set_property ("duration", $5);
+
+                       if (scm_is_number ($4))
+                       {
+                               int q = scm_to_int ($4);
+                               n->set_property ("absolute-octave", scm_from_int (q-1));
+                       }
 
-               Music *v = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
-               v->set_property ("elements", scm_list_1 (n->self_scm ()));
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (n->self_scm ());
+                       if (to_boolean ($3))
+                               n->set_property ("cautionary", SCM_BOOL_T);
+                       if (to_boolean ($2) || to_boolean ($3))
+                               n->set_property ("force-accidental", SCM_BOOL_T);
+                       if (scm_is_pair ($7))
+                               n->set_property ("articulations",
+                                                scm_reverse_x ($7, SCM_EOL));
+                       $$ = n->unprotect ();
+               }
+       } %prec ':'
+       | new_chord post_events {
+               if (!parser->lexer_->is_chord_state ())
+                        parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Chord mode for chords"));
+               if (scm_is_pair ($2)) {
+                       if (unsmob<Pitch> ($1))
+                               $1 = make_chord_elements (@1,
+                                                         $1,
+                                                         parser->default_duration_.smobbed_copy (),
+                                                         SCM_EOL);
+
+                       SCM elts = ly_append2 ($1, scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
+
+                       $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (event_chord, @1, elts);
+               } else if (!unsmob<Pitch> ($1))
+                       $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (event_chord, @1, $1);
+               // A mere pitch drops through.
+       } %prec ':'
+       ;
 
-               v->set_spot (@$);
-               n->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = v;
-       }
-       | DRUM_PITCH optional_notemode_duration {
-               Music *n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent");
+simple_element:
+       DRUM_PITCH optional_notemode_duration {
+               Music *n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent", @$);
                n->set_property ("duration", $2);
                n->set_property ("drum-type", $1);
 
-               Music *v = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
-               v->set_property ("elements", scm_list_1 (n->self_scm ()));
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (n->self_scm ());
-               v->set_spot (@$);
-               n->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = v;
-               
-       }
-       | figure_spec optional_notemode_duration {
-               Music *m = unsmob_music ($1);
-               m->set_spot (@$);
-               for (SCM s = m->get_property ("elements"); scm_is_pair (s); s = scm_cdr (s))
-               {
-                       unsmob_music (scm_car (s))->set_property ("duration", $2);
-               }
-               $$ = m;
-       }       
+               $$ = n->unprotect ();
+       }
        | RESTNAME optional_notemode_duration           {
                Music *ev = 0;
                if (ly_scm2string ($1) == "s") {
                        /* Space */
-                       ev = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("SkipEvent");
+                       ev = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("SkipEvent", @$);
                  }
                else {
-                       ev = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("RestEvent");
-               
+                       ev = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("RestEvent", @$);
+
                    }
                ev->set_property ("duration", $2);
-               ev->set_spot (@$);
-               Music *velt = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
-               velt->set_property ("elements", scm_list_1 (ev->self_scm ()));
-               velt->set_spot (@$);
-
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (ev->self_scm ());
-
-               $$ = velt;
-       }
-       | MULTI_MEASURE_REST optional_notemode_duration         {
-               SCM proc = ly_lily_module_constant ("make-multi-measure-rest");
-               SCM mus = scm_call_2 (proc, $2, make_input (@$));
-               scm_gc_protect_object (mus);
-               $$ = unsmob_music (mus);
-       }
-       
-       | lyric_element optional_notemode_duration      {
-               if (!THIS->lexer_->is_lyric_state ())
-                       THIS->parser_error (@1, _ ("Have to be in Lyric mode for lyrics"));
-
-               Music *lreq = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("LyricEvent");
-               lreq->set_property ("text", $1);
-               lreq->set_property ("duration",$2);
-               lreq->set_spot (@$);
-               Music *velt = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
-               velt->set_property ("elements", scm_list_1 (lreq->self_scm ()));
-
-               $$= velt;
-       }
-       | new_chord {
-                if (!THIS->lexer_->is_chord_state ())
-                        THIS->parser_error (@1, _ ("Have to be in Chord mode for chords"));
-                $$ = unsmob_music ($1);
+               $$ = ev->unprotect ();
        }
        ;
 
 lyric_element:
-       /* FIXME: lyric flavoured markup would be better */
        full_markup {
+               if (!parser->lexer_->is_lyric_state ())
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("markup outside of text script or \\lyricmode"));
+               $$ = $1;
+       }
+       | SYMBOL {
+               if (!parser->lexer_->is_lyric_state ())
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, _f ("not a note name: %s", ly_scm2string ($1)));
                $$ = $1;
        }
-       | LYRICS_STRING {
-               $$ = make_simple_markup ($1);
+       | STRING {
+               if (!parser->lexer_->is_lyric_state ())
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("string outside of text script or \\lyricmode"));
+               $$ = $1;
        }
+       | LYRIC_ELEMENT
+       ;
+
+lyric_element_music:
+       lyric_element optional_notemode_duration post_events {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (lyric_event, @$, $1, $2);
+               if (scm_is_pair ($3))
+                       unsmob<Music> ($$)->set_property
+                               ("articulations", scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL));
+       } %prec ':'
        ;
 
+// Can return a single pitch rather than a list.
 new_chord:
-       steno_tonic_pitch optional_notemode_duration   {
-               $$ = make_chord ($1, $2, SCM_EOL);
+       steno_tonic_pitch maybe_notemode_duration   {
+               if (SCM_UNBNDP ($2))
+                       $$ = $1;
+               else
+                       $$ = make_chord_elements (@$, $1, $2, SCM_EOL);
        }
        | steno_tonic_pitch optional_notemode_duration chord_separator chord_items {
                SCM its = scm_reverse_x ($4, SCM_EOL);
-               $$ = make_chord ($1, $2, scm_cons ($3, its));
-       }
+               $$ = make_chord_elements (@$, $1, $2, scm_cons ($3, its));
+       } %prec ':'
        ;
 
 chord_items:
        /**/ {
-               $$ = SCM_EOL;           
+               $$ = SCM_EOL;
        }
        | chord_items chord_item {
                $$ = scm_cons ($2, $$);
@@ -2317,16 +3785,25 @@ step_numbers:
        ;
 
 step_number:
-       bare_unsigned {
+       UNSIGNED {
                $$ = make_chord_step ($1, 0);
         }
-       | bare_unsigned '+' {
-               $$ = make_chord_step ($1, SHARP);
+       | UNSIGNED '+' {
+               $$ = make_chord_step ($1, SHARP_ALTERATION);
+       }
+       | UNSIGNED CHORD_MINUS {
+               $$ = make_chord_step ($1, FLAT_ALTERATION);
        }
-       | bare_unsigned CHORD_MINUS {
-               $$ = make_chord_step ($1, FLAT);
+       ;
+
+tempo_range:
+       unsigned_number {
+               $$ = $1;
+       } %prec ':'
+       | unsigned_number '-' unsigned_number {
+               $$ = scm_cons ($1, $3);
        }
-       ;       
+       ;
 
 /*
        UTILITIES
@@ -2363,103 +3840,192 @@ number_factor:
        | bare_number
        ;
 
-
-bare_number:
-       UNSIGNED        {
-               $$ = scm_int2num ($1);
-       }
-       | REAL          {
-               $$ = $1;
-       }
-       | NUMBER_IDENTIFIER             {
-               $$ = $1;
-       }
-       | REAL NUMBER_IDENTIFIER        {
-               $$ = scm_make_real (scm_to_double ($1) *scm_to_double ($2));
-       }
-       | UNSIGNED NUMBER_IDENTIFIER    {
-               $$ = scm_make_real ($1 *scm_to_double ($2));
+bare_number_common:
+       REAL
+       | NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
+       | REAL NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
+       {
+               $$ = scm_product ($1, $2);
        }
        ;
 
-
-bare_unsigned:
-       UNSIGNED {
-                       $$ = $1;
-       }
-       | DIGIT {
-               $$ = $1;
+bare_number:
+       bare_number_common
+       | UNSIGNED
+       | UNSIGNED NUMBER_IDENTIFIER    {
+               $$ = scm_product ($1, $2);
        }
        ;
 
-bare_int:
-       bare_number {
-               if (scm_integer_p ($1) == SCM_BOOL_T)
-               {
-                       int k = scm_to_int ($1);
-                       $$ = k;
-               } else
+unsigned_number:
+       UNSIGNED
+       | NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
+       {
+               if (!scm_is_integer ($1)
+                   || scm_is_true (scm_negative_p ($1)))
                {
-                       THIS->parser_error (@1, _ ("need integer number arg"));
-                       $$ = 0;
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, _("not an unsigned integer"));
+                       $$ = SCM_INUM0;
                }
        }
-       | '-' bare_int {
-               $$ = -$2;
+       | embedded_scm
+       {
+               if (!scm_is_integer ($1)
+                   || scm_is_true (scm_negative_p ($1)))
+               {
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, _("not an unsigned integer"));
+                       $$ = SCM_INUM0;
+               }
        }
        ;
 
 exclamations:
-               { $$ = 0; }
-       | exclamations '!'      { $$ ++; }
+               { $$ = SCM_UNDEFINED; }
+       | exclamations '!'
+        {
+                if (SCM_UNBNDP ($1))
+                        $$ = SCM_BOOL_T;
+                else
+                        $$ = scm_not ($1);
+        }
        ;
 
 questions:
-               { $$ = 0; }
-       | questions '?' { $$ ++; }
+// This precedence rule is rather weird.  It triggers when '!' is
+// encountered after a pitch, and is used for deciding whether to save
+// this instead for a figure modification.  This should not actually
+// occur in practice as pitches and figures are generated in different
+// modes.  Using a greedy (%right) precedence makes sure that we don't
+// get stuck in a wrong interpretation.
+       { $$ = SCM_UNDEFINED; } %prec ':'
+       | questions '?'
+        {
+                if (SCM_UNBNDP ($1))
+                        $$ = SCM_BOOL_T;
+                else
+                        $$ = scm_not ($1);
+        }
+       ;
+
+full_markup_list:
+       MARKUPLIST
+               { parser->lexer_->push_markup_state (); }
+       markup_list {
+               $$ = $3;
+               parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
+       }
+       ;
+
+markup_mode:
+       MARKUP
+       {
+               parser->lexer_->push_markup_state ();
+       }
+       ;
+
+// Sort-of ugly: We need this as markup of its own as well as in
+// markup function assignments, without triggering lookahead or the
+// '=' for assignments will be parsed in markup mode and not
+// recognized.  Worse: the next token following something like
+// \markup "string" would be parsed in markup mode as well.
+//
+// So we make a single production here that's used either in markup or
+// in assignment.
+
+markup_mode_word:
+       markup_mode markup_word
+       {
+               $$ = $2;
+               parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
+       }
        ;
 
-/*
-This should be done more dynamically if possible.
-*/
 
 full_markup:
-       MARKUP_IDENTIFIER {
-               $$ = $1;
+       markup_mode markup_top {
+               $$ = $2;
+               parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
        }
-       | MARKUP
-               { THIS->lexer_->push_markup_state (); }
-       markup_top {
-               $$ = $3;
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
+       | markup_mode_word
+       {
+               $$ = make_simple_markup ($1);
+       }
+       ;
+
+partial_markup:
+       markup_mode markup_partial_function ETC
+       {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (partial_markup, @2, $2);
+               parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
        }
        ;
 
 markup_top:
-       markup_list { 
-               $$ = scm_list_2 (ly_lily_module_constant ("line-markup"),  $1); 
+       markup_list {
+               $$ = scm_list_2 (Lily::line_markup,  $1);
        }
-       | markup_head_1_list simple_markup      {
-               $$ = scm_car (scm_call_2 (ly_lily_module_constant ("map-markup-command-list"), $1, scm_list_1 ($2)));
+       | markup_head_1_list simple_markup
+       {
+               $$ = scm_car (MAKE_SYNTAX (composed_markup_list,
+                                          @2, $1, scm_list_1 ($2)));
        }
-       | simple_markup {
+       | simple_markup_noword {
                $$ = $1;
        }
        ;
 
+markup_scm:
+       embedded_scm
+       {
+               if (Text_interface::is_markup ($1))
+                       MYBACKUP (MARKUP_IDENTIFIER, $1, @1);
+               else if (Text_interface::is_markup_list ($1))
+                       MYBACKUP (MARKUPLIST_IDENTIFIER, $1, @1);
+               else {
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("not a markup"));
+                       MYBACKUP (MARKUP_IDENTIFIER, scm_string (SCM_EOL), @1);
+               }
+       } BACKUP
+       ;
+
+
 markup_list:
        markup_composed_list {
                $$ = $1;
        }
-       | markup_braced_list {
+       | markup_uncomposed_list
+       ;
+
+markup_uncomposed_list:
+       markup_braced_list {
                $$ = $1;
        }
+       | markup_command_list {
+               $$ = scm_list_1 ($1);
+       }
+       | markup_scm MARKUPLIST_IDENTIFIER
+       {
+               $$ = $2;
+       }
+       | SCORELINES {
+               parser->lexer_->push_note_state (Lily::pitchnames);
+       } '{' score_body '}' {
+               Score *sc = unsmob<Score> ($4);
+               sc->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
+               if (sc->defs_.empty ()) {
+                       Output_def *od = get_layout (parser);
+                       sc->add_output_def (od);
+                       od->unprotect ();
+               }
+               $$ = scm_list_1 (scm_list_2 (Lily::score_lines_markup_list, $4));
+               parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
+       }
        ;
 
 markup_composed_list:
-       markup_head_1_list markup_braced_list {
-               $$ = scm_call_2 (ly_lily_module_constant ("map-markup-command-list"), $1, $2);
-               
+       markup_head_1_list markup_uncomposed_list {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (composed_markup_list,
+                                 @2, $1, $2);
        }
        ;
 
@@ -2470,24 +4036,74 @@ markup_braced_list:
        ;
 
 markup_braced_list_body:
-       /* empty */     {  $$ = scm_list (SCM_EOL); }
+       /* empty */     {  $$ = SCM_EOL; }
        | markup_braced_list_body markup {
                $$ = scm_cons ($2, $1);
        }
        | markup_braced_list_body markup_list {
-               $$ = scm_append_x (scm_list_2 (scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL), $1));
+               $$ = scm_reverse_x ($2, $1);
        }
        ;
 
-markup_head_1_item:
-       MARKUP_HEAD_MARKUP0     {
-               $$ = scm_list_1 ($1);
+markup_command_list:
+       MARKUP_LIST_FUNCTION markup_command_list_arguments {
+         $$ = scm_cons ($1, scm_reverse_x($2, SCM_EOL));
        }
-       | MARKUP_HEAD_SCM0_MARKUP1 embedded_scm {
-               $$ = scm_list_2 ($1, $2);
+       ;
+
+markup_command_basic_arguments:
+       EXPECT_MARKUP_LIST markup_command_list_arguments markup_list {
+         $$ = scm_cons ($3, $2);
+       }
+       | EXPECT_SCM markup_command_list_arguments embedded_scm {
+         $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3, $3, $2, $1);
+       }
+       | EXPECT_NO_MORE_ARGS {
+         $$ = SCM_EOL;
+       }
+       ;
+
+markup_command_list_arguments:
+       markup_command_basic_arguments { $$ = $1; }
+       | EXPECT_MARKUP markup_command_list_arguments markup {
+         $$ = scm_cons ($3, $2);
+       }
+       ;
+
+markup_partial_function:
+       MARKUP_FUNCTION markup_arglist_partial
+       {
+               $$ = scm_list_1 (scm_cons ($1, scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL)));
+       }
+       | markup_head_1_list MARKUP_FUNCTION markup_arglist_partial
+       {
+               $$ = scm_cons (scm_cons ($2, scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL)),
+                              $1);
+       }
+       ;
+
+markup_arglist_partial:
+       EXPECT_MARKUP markup_arglist_partial
+       {
+               $$ = $2;
+       }
+       | EXPECT_SCM markup_arglist_partial
+       {
+               $$= $2;
        }
-       | MARKUP_HEAD_SCM0_SCM1_MARKUP2 embedded_scm embedded_scm       {
-               $$ = scm_list_3 ($1, $2, $3);
+       | EXPECT_MARKUP markup_command_list_arguments
+       {
+               $$ = $2;
+       }
+       | EXPECT_SCM markup_command_list_arguments
+       {
+               $$ = $2;
+       }
+       ;
+
+markup_head_1_item:
+       MARKUP_FUNCTION EXPECT_MARKUP markup_command_list_arguments {
+         $$ = scm_cons ($1, scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL));
        }
        ;
 
@@ -2500,48 +4116,47 @@ markup_head_1_list:
        }
        ;
 
+markup_word:
+       STRING
+       | SYMBOL
+       ;
+
 simple_markup:
-       STRING {
+       markup_word
+       {
                $$ = make_simple_markup ($1);
        }
-       | MARKUP_IDENTIFIER {
-               $$ = $1;
-       }
-       | STRING_IDENTIFIER {
-               $$ = $1;
-       }
-       | SCORE {
-               SCM nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
-               THIS->lexer_->push_note_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
+       | simple_markup_noword
+       ;
+
+simple_markup_noword:
+       SCORE {
+               parser->lexer_->push_note_state (Lily::pitchnames);
        } '{' score_body '}' {
-               Score * sc = $4;
-               $$ = scm_list_2 (ly_lily_module_constant ("score-markup"), sc->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (sc->self_scm ());
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
-       }
-       | MARKUP_HEAD_SCM0 embedded_scm {
-               $$ = scm_list_2 ($1, $2);
-       }
-       | MARKUP_HEAD_SCM0_SCM1_SCM2 embedded_scm embedded_scm embedded_scm {
-               $$ = scm_list_4 ($1, $2, $3, $4);
-       }
-       | MARKUP_HEAD_SCM0_SCM1 embedded_scm embedded_scm {
-               $$ = scm_list_3 ($1, $2, $3);
-       }
-       | MARKUP_HEAD_EMPTY {
-               $$ = scm_list_1 ($1);
+               Score *sc = unsmob<Score> ($4);
+               sc->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
+               if (sc->defs_.empty ()) {
+                       Output_def *od = get_layout (parser);
+                       sc->add_output_def (od);
+                       od->unprotect ();
+               }
+               $$ = scm_list_2 (Lily::score_markup, $4);
+               parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
        }
-       | MARKUP_HEAD_LIST0 markup_list {
-               $$ = scm_list_2 ($1,$2);
+       | MARKUP_FUNCTION markup_command_basic_arguments {
+               $$ = scm_cons ($1, scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
        }
-       | MARKUP_HEAD_MARKUP0_MARKUP1 markup markup {
-               $$ = scm_list_3 ($1, $2, $3);
+       | markup_scm MARKUP_IDENTIFIER
+       {
+               $$ = $2;
        }
        ;
-       
+
 markup:
-       markup_head_1_list simple_markup        {
-               $$ = scm_car (scm_call_2 (ly_lily_module_constant ("map-markup-command-list"), $1, scm_list_1 ($2)));
+       markup_head_1_list simple_markup
+       {
+               $$ = scm_car (MAKE_SYNTAX (composed_markup_list,
+                                          @2, $1, scm_list_1 ($2)));
        }
        | simple_markup {
                $$ = $1;
@@ -2551,46 +4166,30 @@ markup:
 %%
 
 void
-Lily_parser::set_yydebug (bool )
+Lily_parser::set_yydebug (bool x)
 {
-#if 0
-       yydebug = 1;
-#endif
+       yydebug = x;
 }
 
-void
+SCM
 Lily_parser::do_yyparse ()
 {
-       yyparse ((void*)this);
+       return scm_c_with_fluid (Lily::f_parser,
+                                self_scm (),
+                                do_yyparse_trampoline,
+                                static_cast <void *>(this));
 }
 
-
-/*
-Should make this optional?    It will also complain when you do
-
-       [s4]
-
-which is entirely legitimate.
-
-Or we can scrap it. Barchecks should detect wrong durations, and
-skipTypesetting speeds it up a lot.
-*/
-
-void
-Lily_parser::beam_check (SCM dur)
+SCM
+Lily_parser::do_yyparse_trampoline (void *parser)
 {
-  Duration *d = unsmob_duration (dur);
-  if (unsmob_music (last_beam_start_) && d->duration_log () <= 2)
-    {
-      Music *m = unsmob_music (last_beam_start_);
-      m->origin ()->warning (_ ("Suspect duration found following this beam"));
-    }
-  last_beam_start_ = SCM_EOL;
+       SCM retval = SCM_UNDEFINED;
+       yyparse (static_cast <Lily_parser *>(parser), &retval);
+       return retval;
 }
 
 
 
-
 /*
 
 It is a little strange to have this function in this file, but
@@ -2600,129 +4199,391 @@ otherwise, we have to import music classes into the lexer.
 int
 Lily_lexer::try_special_identifiers (SCM *destination, SCM sid)
 {
-       if (scm_is_string (sid)) {
-               *destination = sid;
-               return STRING_IDENTIFIER;
+       if (unsmob<Book> (sid)) {
+               Book *book =  unsmob<Book> (sid)->clone ();
+               *destination = book->self_scm ();
+               book->unprotect ();
+
+               return BOOK_IDENTIFIER;
        } else if (scm_is_number (sid)) {
                *destination = sid;
                return NUMBER_IDENTIFIER;
-       } else if (unsmob_context_def (sid)) {
-               *destination = unsmob_context_def (sid)->clone_scm ();
-               return CONTEXT_DEF_IDENTIFIER;
-       } else if (unsmob_score (sid)) {
-               Score *score = new Score (*unsmob_score (sid));
-               *destination = score->self_scm ();
-               return SCORE_IDENTIFIER;
-       } else if (Music *mus = unsmob_music (sid)) {
+       } else if (unsmob<Context_def> (sid))
+       {
+               *destination = unsmob<Context_def> (sid)->clone ()->unprotect ();
+               return SCM_IDENTIFIER;
+        } else if (unsmob<Context_mod> (sid)) {
+                *destination = unsmob<Context_mod> (sid)->smobbed_copy ();
+                return SCM_IDENTIFIER;
+       } else if (Music *mus = unsmob<Music> (sid)) {
                mus = mus->clone ();
                *destination = mus->self_scm ();
-               unsmob_music (*destination)->
-                       set_property ("origin", make_input (last_input_));
-               return dynamic_cast<Event*> (mus)
-                       ? EVENT_IDENTIFIER : MUSIC_IDENTIFIER;
-       } else if (unsmob_duration (sid)) {
-               *destination = unsmob_duration (sid)->smobbed_copy ();
+               bool is_event = mus->is_mus_type ("post-event");
+               mus->unprotect ();
+               return is_event ? EVENT_IDENTIFIER : MUSIC_IDENTIFIER;
+       } else if (unsmob<Pitch> (sid)) {
+               *destination = unsmob<Pitch> (sid)->smobbed_copy ();
+               return PITCH_IDENTIFIER;
+       } else if (unsmob<Duration> (sid)) {
+               *destination = unsmob<Duration> (sid)->smobbed_copy ();
                return DURATION_IDENTIFIER;
-       } else if (unsmob_output_def (sid)) {
-               Output_def *p = unsmob_output_def (sid);
-               p = p->clone ();
-
-               *destination = p->self_scm ();
-               return OUTPUT_DEF_IDENTIFIER;
-       } else if (Text_interface::markup_p (sid)) {
+       } else if (unsmob<Output_def> (sid)) {
+               *destination = unsmob<Output_def> (sid)->clone ()->unprotect ();
+               return SCM_IDENTIFIER;
+       } else if (unsmob<Score> (sid)) {
+               *destination = unsmob<Score> (sid)->clone ()->unprotect ();
+               return SCM_IDENTIFIER;
+       } else if (scm_is_pair (sid)
+                  && scm_is_pair (scm_car (sid))
+                  && scm_is_true (Lily::key_p (scm_caar (sid)))) {
                *destination = sid;
-               return MARKUP_IDENTIFIER;
+               return LOOKUP_IDENTIFIER;
        }
+       return -1;
+}
 
-       return -1;      
+SCM
+get_next_unique_context_id ()
+{
+       return scm_from_ascii_string ("$uniqueContextId");
 }
 
-Music *
-property_op_to_music (SCM op)
+
+SCM
+get_next_unique_lyrics_context_id ()
 {
-       Music *m = 0;
-       SCM tag = scm_car (op);
-       SCM symbol = scm_cadr (op);
-       SCM args = scm_cddr (op);
-       SCM grob_val = SCM_UNDEFINED;
-       SCM grob_sym = SCM_UNDEFINED;
-       SCM val = SCM_UNDEFINED;
-       
-       if (tag == ly_symbol2scm ("assign"))
-               {
-               m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("PropertySet");
-               val = scm_car (args);
-               }
-       else if (tag == ly_symbol2scm ("unset"))
-               m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("PropertyUnset");
-       else if (tag == ly_symbol2scm ("poppush")
-                || tag == ly_symbol2scm ("push"))
-               {
-               m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("OverrideProperty");
-               grob_sym = scm_car (args);
-               grob_val = scm_cadr (args);
-               }
-       else if (tag == ly_symbol2scm ("pop")) {
-               m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("RevertProperty");
-               grob_sym = scm_car (args);
-               }
+       static int new_context_count;
+       char s[128];
+       snprintf (s, sizeof (s)-1, "uniqueContext%d", new_context_count++);
+       return scm_from_ascii_string (s);
+}
+
+// check_scheme_arg checks one argument with a given predicate for use
+// in an argument list and throws a syntax error if it is unusable.
+// The argument is prepended to the argument list in any case.  After
+// throwing a syntax error, the argument list is terminated with #f as
+// its last cdr in order to mark it as uncallable while not losing
+// track of its total length.
+//
+// There are a few special considerations: if optional argument disp
+// is given (otherwise it defaults to SCM_UNDEFINED), it will be used
+// instead of arg in a prospective error message.  This is useful if
+// arg is not the actual argument but rather a transformation of it.
+//
+// If arg itself is SCM_UNDEFINED, the predicate is considered false
+// and an error message using disp is produced unconditionally.
+
+SCM check_scheme_arg (Lily_parser *parser, Input loc,
+                     SCM arg, SCM args, SCM pred, SCM disp)
+{
+       if (SCM_UNBNDP (arg))
+               args = scm_cons (disp, args);
+       else {
+               args = scm_cons (arg, args);
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 (pred, arg)))
+                       return args;
+       }
+       scm_set_cdr_x (scm_last_pair (args), SCM_EOL);
+       MAKE_SYNTAX (argument_error, loc, scm_length (args), pred,
+                    SCM_UNBNDP (disp) ? arg : disp);
+       scm_set_cdr_x (scm_last_pair (args), SCM_BOOL_F);
+       return args;
+}
+
+SCM loc_on_copy (Lily_parser *parser, Input loc, SCM arg)
+{
+       if (Music *m = unsmob<Music> (arg))
+       {
+               m = m->clone ();
+               m->set_spot (parser->lexer_->override_input (loc));
+               return m->unprotect ();
+       }
+       if (Book *b = unsmob<Book> (arg))
+       {
+               b = b->clone ();
+               b->origin ()->set_spot (parser->lexer_->override_input (loc));
+               return b->unprotect ();
+       }
+       if (Context_def *cd = unsmob<Context_def> (arg))
+       {
+               cd = cd->clone ();
+               cd->origin ()->set_spot (parser->lexer_->override_input (loc));
+               return cd->unprotect ();
+       }
+       if (Output_def *od = unsmob<Output_def> (arg))
+       {
+               od = od->clone ();
+               od->input_origin_ = parser->lexer_->override_input (loc);
+               return od->unprotect ();
+       }
+       if (Score *s = unsmob<Score> (arg))
+       {
+               s = s->clone ();
+               s->origin ()->set_spot (parser->lexer_->override_input (loc));
+               return s->unprotect ();
+       }
+       if (Context_mod *cm = unsmob<Context_mod> (arg))
+       {
+               return cm->smobbed_copy ();
+       }
+       return arg;
+}
+
+SCM
+make_reverse_key_list (SCM keys)
+{
+       if (scm_is_true (Lily::key_p (keys)))
+               return scm_list_1 (keys);
+       if (scm_is_string (keys))
+               return scm_list_1 (scm_string_to_symbol (keys));
+       if (!ly_is_list (keys))
+               return SCM_UNDEFINED;
+       SCM res = SCM_EOL;
+       for (; scm_is_pair (keys); keys = scm_cdr (keys))
+       {
+               SCM elt = scm_car (keys);
+               if (scm_is_true (Lily::key_p (elt)))
+                       res = scm_cons (elt, res);
+               else if (scm_is_string (elt))
+                       res = scm_cons (scm_string_to_symbol (elt), res);
+               else return SCM_UNDEFINED;
+       }
+       return res;
+}
+
+SCM
+try_string_variants (SCM pred, SCM str)
+{
+       // a matching predicate is always ok
+       if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 (pred, str)))
+               return str;
+       // a key may be interpreted as a list of keys if it helps
+       if (scm_is_true (Lily::key_p (str))) {
+               str = scm_list_1 (str);
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 (pred, str)))
+                       return str;
+               return SCM_UNDEFINED;
+       }
+
+       if (!scm_is_string (str))
+               return SCM_UNDEFINED;
+
+       // Let's attempt the symbol list interpretation first.
+
+       str = scm_string_to_symbol (str);
+
+       SCM lst = scm_list_1 (str);
+
+       if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 (pred, lst)))
+               return lst;
+
+       // Try the single symbol interpretation
+
+       if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 (pred, str)))
+               return str;
+
+       return SCM_UNDEFINED;
+}
+
+SCM
+try_word_variants (SCM pred, SCM str)
+{
+       // str is always a string when we come here
+
+       if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 (pred, str)))
+               return str;
+
+       // If this cannot be a string representation of a symbol list,
+       // we are through.
 
-       m->set_property ("symbol", symbol);
+       if (!is_regular_identifier (str, true))
+               return SCM_UNDEFINED;
 
-       if (val != SCM_UNDEFINED)
-               m->set_property ("value", val);
-       if (grob_val != SCM_UNDEFINED)
-               m->set_property ("grob-value", grob_val);
+       str = scm_string_split (str, SCM_MAKE_CHAR ('.'));
+       for (SCM p = str; scm_is_pair (p); p = scm_cdr (p))
+               scm_set_car_x (p, scm_string_split (scm_car (p),
+                                                   SCM_MAKE_CHAR (',')));
+       str = scm_append_x (str);
+       for (SCM p = str; scm_is_pair (p); p = scm_cdr (p))
+               scm_set_car_x (p, scm_string_to_symbol (scm_car (p)));
 
-       if (grob_sym != SCM_UNDEFINED)
+       // Let's attempt the symbol list interpretation first.
+
+       if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 (pred, str)))
+               return str;
+
+       // If there is just one symbol in the list, we might interpret
+       // it as a single symbol
+
+       if (scm_is_null (scm_cdr (str)))
+       {
+               str = scm_car (str);
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 (pred, str)))
+                       return str;
+       }
+
+       return SCM_UNDEFINED;
+}
+
+bool
+is_regular_identifier (SCM id, bool multiple)
+{
+  if (!scm_is_string (id))
+         return false;
+
+  string str = ly_scm2string (id);
+
+  bool middle = false;
+
+  for (string::iterator it=str.begin(); it != str.end (); it++)
+  {
+         int c = *it & 0xff;
+         if ((c >= 'a' && c <= 'z')
+             || (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z')
+             || c > 0x7f)
+                 middle = true;
+         else if (middle && (c == '-' || c == '_' || (multiple &&
+                                                      (c == '.' || c == ','))))
+                 middle = false;
+         else
+                 return false;
+  }
+  return middle;
+}
+
+SCM
+make_music_from_simple (Lily_parser *parser, Input loc, SCM simple)
+{
+       if (unsmob<Music> (simple))
+               return simple;
+
+       if (scm_is_symbol (simple))
+       {
+               SCM out = SCM_UNDEFINED;
+               switch (parser->lexer_->scan_word (out, simple))
                {
-               bool itc = do_internal_type_checking_global;
-               /* UGH.
-               */
-               bool autobeam = ly_c_equal_p (symbol, ly_symbol2scm ("autoBeamSettings"));
-               if (autobeam)
-                       do_internal_type_checking_global = false;
-               m->set_property ("grob-property", grob_sym);
-               if (autobeam)
-                       do_internal_type_checking_global = itc;
+               case DRUM_PITCH:
+               {
+                       Music *n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent", loc);
+                       n->set_property ("duration", parser->default_duration_.smobbed_copy ());
+                       n->set_property ("drum-type", out);
+                       return n->unprotect ();
                }
+               case NOTENAME_PITCH:
+               case TONICNAME_PITCH:
+                       // Take the parsed pitch
+                       simple = out;
+                       break;
+               // Don't scan CHORD_MODIFIER etc.
+               }
+       }
 
-       if (tag == ly_symbol2scm ("poppush"))
-               m->set_property ("pop-first", SCM_BOOL_T);
-
+       if (parser->lexer_->is_note_state ()) {
+               if (unsmob<Pitch> (simple)) {
+                       Music *n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent", loc);
+                       n->set_property ("duration", parser->default_duration_.smobbed_copy ());
+                       n->set_property ("pitch", simple);
+                       return n->unprotect ();
+               }
+               SCM d = simple;
+               if (scm_is_integer (simple))
+                       d = make_duration (simple);
+               if (unsmob<Duration> (d)) {
+                       Music *n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent", loc);
+                       n->set_property ("duration", d);
+                       return n->unprotect ();
+               }
+               return simple;
+       } else if (parser->lexer_->is_lyric_state ()) {
+               if (Text_interface::is_markup (simple))
+                       return MAKE_SYNTAX (lyric_event, loc, simple,
+                                           parser->default_duration_.smobbed_copy ());
+       } else if (parser->lexer_->is_chord_state ()) {
+               if (unsmob<Pitch> (simple))
+                       return MAKE_SYNTAX
+                               (event_chord,
+                                loc,
+                                make_chord_elements (loc, simple,
+                                                     parser->default_duration_.smobbed_copy (),
+                                                     SCM_EOL));
+       }
+       return simple;
+}
 
-       return m;
+Music *
+make_music_with_input (SCM name, Input where)
+{
+       Music *m = make_music_by_name (name);
+       m->set_spot (where);
+       return m;
 }
 
-Music*
-context_spec_music (SCM type, SCM id, Music *m, SCM ops)
+SCM
+make_simple_markup (SCM a)
 {
-       Music *csm = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("ContextSpeccedMusic");
+       return a;
+}
 
-       csm->set_property ("element", m->self_scm ());
-       scm_gc_unprotect_object (m->self_scm ());
+SCM
+make_duration (SCM d, int dots, SCM factor)
+{
+       Duration k;
+
+       if (Duration *dur = unsmob<Duration> (d)) {
+               if (!dots && SCM_UNBNDP (factor))
+                       return d;
+               k = *dur;
+               if (dots)
+                       k = Duration (k.duration_log (), k.dot_count () + dots)
+                               .compressed (k.factor ());
+       } else {
+               int t = scm_to_int (d);
+               if (t > 0 && (t & (t-1)) == 0)
+                       k = Duration (intlog2 (t), dots);
+               else
+                       return SCM_UNDEFINED;
+       }
 
-       csm->set_property ("context-type",
-               scm_is_symbol (type) ? type : scm_string_to_symbol (type));
-       csm->set_property ("property-operations", ops);
+       if (!SCM_UNBNDP (factor))
+               k = k.compressed (ly_scm2rational (factor));
 
-       if (scm_is_string (id))
-               csm->set_property ("context-id", id);
-       return csm;
+       return k.smobbed_copy ();
 }
 
 SCM
-get_next_unique_context_id ()
+make_chord_step (SCM step_scm, Rational alter)
 {
-       return scm_makfrom0str ("$uniqueContextId");
+       Pitch m (0, scm_to_int (step_scm) - 1, alter);
+
+       // Notename/octave are normalized
+       if (m.get_notename () == 6)
+               m = m.transposed (Pitch (0, 0, FLAT_ALTERATION));
+
+       return m.smobbed_copy ();
 }
 
 
 SCM
-get_next_unique_lyrics_context_id ()
+make_chord_elements (Input loc, SCM pitch, SCM dur, SCM modification_list)
 {
-       static int new_context_count;
-       char s[128];
-       snprintf (s, 1024, "uniqueContext%d", new_context_count++);
-       return scm_makfrom0str (s);
+       SCM res = Lily::construct_chord_elements (pitch, dur, modification_list);
+       for (SCM s = res; scm_is_pair (s); s = scm_cdr (s))
+       {
+               unsmob<Music> (scm_car (s))->set_spot (loc);
+       }
+       return res;
+}
+
+int
+yylex (YYSTYPE *s, YYLTYPE *loc, Lily_parser *parser)
+{
+       Lily_lexer *lex = parser->lexer_;
+
+       lex->lexval_ = s;
+       lex->lexloc_ = loc;
+       int tok = lex->pop_extra_token ();
+       if (tok >= 0)
+               return tok;
+       lex->prepare_for_next_token ();
+       return lex->yylex ();
 }