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[lilypond.git] / lily / parser.yy
index 43670458d2352ca6bae52b3aa5e07dae4706b263..83eaf89ec235912c7bccb69ef2b44dd9bc6b3943 100644 (file)
-%{ // -*-Fundamental-*-
-
 /*
   parser.yy -- Bison/C++ parser for LilyPond
 
   source file of the GNU LilyPond music typesetter
 
-  (c) 1997--2004 Han-Wen Nienhuys <hanwen@cs.uu.nl>
+  (c) 1997--2008 Han-Wen Nienhuys <hanwen@xs4all.nl>
                  Jan Nieuwenhuizen <janneke@gnu.org>
 */
 
-/*
-
-TODO:
-
-* The rules for who is protecting what are very shady. Uniformise
-  this.
-
-* There are too many lexical modes?
+%{
 
-*/
+#define YYDEBUG 1
+#define YYERROR_VERBOSE 1
+#define YYPARSE_PARAM my_lily_parser
+#define YYLEX_PARAM my_lily_parser
+#define PARSER ((Lily_parser *) my_lily_parser)
 
-#include <ctype.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
+#define yyerror PARSER->parser_error
 
+/* We use custom location type: Input objects */
+#define YYLTYPE Input
+#define YYLLOC_DEFAULT(Current,Rhs,N) \
+       ((Current).set_location ((Rhs)[1], (Rhs)[N]))
 
-#include "book.hh"
 
-#include "context-def.hh"
-#include "dimensions.hh"
-#include "event.hh"
-#include "file-path.hh"
-#include "input-smob.hh"
-#include "input.hh"
-#include "lily-guile.hh"
-#include "lilypond-input-version.hh"
-#include "ly-module.hh"
-#include "main.hh"
-#include "misc.hh"
-#include "music-list.hh"
-#include "music-sequence.hh"
-#include "lily-lexer.hh"
-#include "lily-parser.hh"
-#include "paper-book.hh"
-#include "output-def.hh"
-#include "scm-hash.hh"
-#include "scm-option.hh"
-#include "score.hh"
-#include "text-item.hh"
-#include "warn.hh"
-
-#define MY_MAKE_MUSIC(x)  make_music_by_name (ly_symbol2scm (x))
-
-Music *property_op_to_music (SCM op);
-Music *context_spec_music (SCM type, SCM id, Music *m, SCM ops);
-SCM get_next_unique_context_id ();
-SCM get_next_unique_lyrics_context_id ();
-
-#define YYERROR_VERBOSE 1
+%}
 
-#define YYPARSE_PARAM my_lily_parser
-#define YYLEX_PARAM my_lily_parser
-#define THIS\
-       ((Lily_parser *) my_lily_parser)
+/* We use SCMs to do strings, because it saves us the trouble of
+deleting them.  Let's hope that a stack overflow doesnt trigger a move
+of the parse stack onto the heap. */
 
-#define yyerror THIS->parser_error
+%left PREC_TOP
+%left ADDLYRICS
+%left PREC_BOT
 
-/* Add symbols to the TAGS field of a music object.  */
+%expect 1
 
-void
-tag_music (Music *m, SCM tag, Input ip)
-{
-       SCM tags = m->get_property ("tags");
-       if (scm_is_symbol (tag))
-               tags = scm_cons (tag, tags);
-       else if (ly_c_list_p (tag))
-               tags = ly_append2 (tag, tags);
-       else
-               ip.warning (_ ("Tag must be symbol or list of symbols."));
-
-       m->set_property ("tags", tags);
-}
+/* One shift/reduce problem
 
-bool
-is_regular_identifier (SCM id)
-{
-  String str = ly_scm2string (id);
-  char const *s = str.to_str0 ();
+1.  \repeat
+       \repeat .. \alternative
 
-  bool v = true;
-#if 0
-  isalpha (*s);
-  s++;
-#endif
-  while (*s && v)
-   {
-        v = v && isalnum (*s);
-        s++;
-   }
-  return v;
-}
+    \repeat { \repeat .. \alternative }
 
+or
 
-SCM
-get_first_context_id (SCM type, Music *m)
-{
-       SCM id = m->get_property ("context-id");
-       if (SCM_BOOL_T == scm_equal_p (m->get_property ("context-type"), type)
-           && scm_is_string (m->get_property ("context-id"))
-           && scm_c_string_length (id) > 0)
-       {
-               return id;
-       }
-       return SCM_EOL;
-}
+    \repeat { \repeat } \alternative 
+*/
 
-SCM
-make_simple_markup (SCM encoding, SCM a)
-{
-       SCM simple = ly_scheme_function ("simple-markup");
-       if (scm_is_symbol (encoding))
-               return scm_list_3 (ly_scheme_function ("encoded-simple-markup"),
-                          encoding, a);
-       return scm_list_2 (simple, a);
-}
 
-bool
-is_duration (int t)
-{
-  return t && t == 1 << intlog2 (t);
-}
+%pure_parser
+%locations
 
-void
-set_music_properties (Music *p, SCM a)
-{
-  for (SCM k = a; scm_is_pair (k); k = scm_cdr (k))
-       p->internal_set_property (scm_caar (k), scm_cdar (k));
-}
 
-SCM
-make_chord_step (int step, int alter)
-{
-       if (step == 7)
-               alter += FLAT;
 
-       while (step < 0)
-               step += 7;
-       Pitch m ((step -1) / 7, (step - 1) % 7, alter);
-       return m.smobbed_copy ();
-}
+%{ // -*-Fundamental-*-
 
+/*
+FIXME:
 
-SCM
-make_chord (SCM pitch, SCM dur, SCM modification_list)
-{
-       SCM chord_ctor = ly_scheme_function ("construct-chord");
-       SCM ch = scm_call_3 (chord_ctor, pitch, dur, modification_list);
-       scm_gc_protect_object (ch);
-       return ch;
-}
+   * The rules for who is protecting what are very shady.  Uniformise
+     this.
 
-/* Todo: actually also use apply iso. call too ...  */
-bool
-ly_input_procedure_p (SCM x)
-{
-       return ly_c_procedure_p (x)
-               || (scm_is_pair (x) && ly_c_procedure_p (scm_car (x)));
-}
+   * There are too many lexical modes?
+*/
 
-Music*
-set_property_music (SCM sym, SCM value)
-{
-       Music *p = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("PropertySet");
-       p->set_property ("symbol", sym);
-       p->set_property ("value", value);
-       return p;
-}
+#include "config.hh"
 
-Music*
-make_music_relative (Pitch start, Music *music)
-{
-       Music *relative = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("RelativeOctaveMusic");
-       relative->set_property ("element", music->self_scm ());
-       
-       Pitch last = music->to_relative_octave (start);
-       if (lily_1_8_relative)
-               music->set_property ("last-pitch", last.smobbed_copy ());
-       return relative;
-}
+#include <cctype>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstdio>
+using namespace std;
 
-Music*
-make_lyric_combine_music (SCM name, Music *music)
-{
-       Music *combine = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NewLyricCombineMusic");
-       combine->set_property ("element", music->self_scm ());
-       combine->set_property ("associated-context", name);
-       return combine;
-}
+#include "book.hh"
+#include "context-def.hh"
+#include "dimensions.hh"
+#include "file-path.hh"
+#include "input.hh"
+#include "international.hh"
+#include "lily-guile.hh"
+#include "lily-lexer.hh"
+#include "lily-parser.hh"
+#include "main.hh"
+#include "misc.hh"
+#include "music.hh"
+#include "music.hh"
+#include "output-def.hh"
+#include "paper-book.hh"
+#include "program-option.hh"
+#include "scm-hash.hh"
+#include "score.hh"
+#include "text-interface.hh"
+#include "warn.hh"
 
 %}
 
-/* We use SCMs to do strings, because it saves us the trouble of
-deleting them.  Let's hope that a stack overflow doesnt trigger a move
-of the parse stack onto the heap. */
-
-%left ADDLYRICS
 
 %union {
        Book *book;
        Output_def *outputdef;
        SCM scm;
-       String *string;
+       std::string *string;
        Music *music;
        Score *score;
        int i;
 }
-%{
-
-int
-yylex (YYSTYPE *s, void *v)
-{
-       Lily_parser *pars = (Lily_parser*) v;
-       Lily_lexer *lex = pars->lexer_;
 
-       lex->lexval = (void*) s;
-       lex->prepare_for_next_token ();
-       return lex->yylex ();
-}
-
-
-%}
-
-%expect 3
-
-/*
-  Three shift/reduce problems:
-
-2. \markup identifier.
-
-  (what? --hwn)
-
-3. \markup { }
-
-  (what? --hwn)
+%{
 
+#define MY_MAKE_MUSIC(x, spot)  make_music_with_input (ly_symbol2scm (x), spot)
 
-4.  \repeat
-       \repeat .. \alternative
+/* ES TODO:
+- Don't use lily module, create a new module instead.
+- delay application of the function
+*/
+#define LOWLEVEL_MAKE_SYNTAX(proc, args)       \
+  scm_apply_0 (proc, args)
+/* Syntactic Sugar. */
+#define MAKE_SYNTAX(name, location, ...)       \
+  LOWLEVEL_MAKE_SYNTAX (ly_lily_module_constant (name), scm_list_n (PARSER->self_scm (), make_input (location), __VA_ARGS__, SCM_UNDEFINED));
 
+SCM get_next_unique_context_id ();
+SCM get_next_unique_lyrics_context_id ();
 
-    \repeat { \repeat .. \alternative }
+#undef _
+#if !HAVE_GETTEXT
+#define _(x) x
+#else
+#include <libintl.h>
+#define _(x) gettext (x)
+#endif
 
-or
 
-    \repeat { \repeat } \alternative 
+static Music *make_music_with_input (SCM name, Input where);
+SCM make_music_relative (Pitch start, SCM music, Input loc);
+SCM run_music_function (Lily_parser *, SCM expr);
+SCM get_first_context_id (SCM type, Music *m);
+SCM make_chord_elements (SCM pitch, SCM dur, SCM modification_list);
+SCM make_chord_step (int step, Rational alter);
+SCM make_simple_markup (SCM a);
+bool is_duration (int t);
+bool is_regular_identifier (SCM id);
+bool ly_input_procedure_p (SCM x);
+int yylex (YYSTYPE *s, YYLTYPE *loc, void *v);
+void set_music_properties (Music *p, SCM a);
 
-)
- */
+%}
 
+/* The third option is an alias that will be used to display the
+   syntax error.  Bison CVS now correctly handles backslash escapes.
+
+   FIXME: Bison needs to translate some of these, eg, STRING.
+
+*/     
+   
+/* Keyword tokens with plain escaped name.  */
+%token ACCEPTS "\\accepts"
+%token ADDLYRICS "\\addlyrics"
+%token ALIAS "\\alias"
+%token ALTERNATIVE "\\alternative"
+%token BOOK "\\book"
+%token BOOKPART "\\bookpart"
+%token CHANGE "\\change"
+%token CHORDMODE "\\chordmode"
+%token CHORDS "\\chords"
+%token CONSISTS "\\consists"
+%token CONTEXT "\\context"
+%token DEFAULT "\\default"
+%token DEFAULTCHILD "\\defaultchild"
+%token DENIES "\\denies"
+%token DESCRIPTION "\\description"
+%token DRUMMODE "\\drummode"
+%token DRUMS "\\drums"
+%token FIGUREMODE "\\figuremode"
+%token FIGURES "\\figures"
+%token GROBDESCRIPTIONS "\\grobdescriptions"
+%token HEADER "\\header"
+%token INVALID "\\invalid"
+%token KEY "\\key"
+%token LAYOUT "\\layout"
+%token LYRICMODE "\\lyricmode"
+%token LYRICS "\\lyrics"
+%token LYRICSTO "\\lyricsto"
+%token MARK "\\mark"
+%token MARKUP "\\markup"
+%token MARKUPLINES "\\markuplines"
+%token MIDI "\\midi"
+%token NAME "\\name"
+%token NOTEMODE "\\notemode"
+%token OBJECTID "\\objectid"   
+%token OCTAVE "\\octave"
+%token ONCE "\\once"
+%token OVERRIDE "\\override"
+%token PAPER "\\paper"
+%token PARTIAL "\\partial"
+%token RELATIVE "\\relative"
+%token REMOVE "\\remove"
+%token REPEAT "\\repeat"
+%token REST "\\rest"
+%token REVERT "\\revert"
+%token SCORE "\\score"
+%token SEQUENTIAL "\\sequential"
+%token SET "\\set"
+%token SIMULTANEOUS "\\simultaneous"
+%token SKIP "\\skip"
+%token TEMPO "\\tempo"
+%token TIMES "\\times"
+%token TRANSPOSE "\\transpose"
+%token TYPE "\\type"
+%token UNSET "\\unset"
+%token WITH "\\with"
+
+/* Keyword token exceptions.  */
+%token TIME_T "\\time"
+%token NEWCONTEXT "\\new"
+
+
+/* Other string tokens.  */
+
+%token CHORD_BASS "/+"
+%token CHORD_CARET "^"
+%token CHORD_COLON ":"
+%token CHORD_MINUS "-"
+%token CHORD_SLASH "/"
+%token ANGLE_OPEN "<"
+%token ANGLE_CLOSE ">"
+%token DOUBLE_ANGLE_OPEN "<<"
+%token DOUBLE_ANGLE_CLOSE ">>"
+%token E_BACKSLASH "\\"
+%token E_ANGLE_CLOSE "\\>"
+%token E_CHAR "\\C[haracter]"
+%token E_CLOSE "\\)"
+%token E_EXCLAMATION "\\!"
+%token E_BRACKET_OPEN "\\["
+%token E_OPEN "\\("
+%token E_BRACKET_CLOSE "\\]"
+%token E_ANGLE_OPEN "\\<"
+%token E_PLUS "\\+"
+%token E_TILDE "\\~"
+%token EXTENDER "__"
 
-%pure_parser
+/*
+If we give names, Bison complains.
+*/
+%token FIGURE_CLOSE /* "\\>" */
+%token FIGURE_OPEN /* "\\<" */
+%token FIGURE_SPACE "_"
+%token HYPHEN "--"
 
-%token ACCEPTS
-%token ADDQUOTE
-%token LYRICSTO
-%token ALIAS
-%token ALTERNATIVE
-%token BAR
-%token BOOK
-%token CHANGE
 %token CHORDMODIFIERS
-%token CHORDS
-%token CHORDMODE
-%token DOUBLE_ANGLE_OPEN
-%token DOUBLE_ANGLE_CLOSE
-%token CLEF
-%token COMMANDSPANREQUEST
-%token CONSISTS
-%token CONTEXT
-%token DEFAULT
-%token DENIES
-%token DESCRIPTION
-%token EXTENDER
-%token FIGURES
-%token FIGUREMODE
-%token FIGURE_OPEN FIGURE_CLOSE
-%token FIGURE_BRACKET_CLOSE FIGURE_BRACKET_OPEN
-%token GROBDESCRIPTIONS
-%token HEADER
-%token HYPHEN
-%token INVALID
-%token KEY
-%token LAYOUT
-%token LYRICS
-%token LYRICMODE
-%token MARK
-%token MIDI
+%token LYRIC_MARKUP
 %token MULTI_MEASURE_REST
-%token NAME
-%token NEWCONTEXT
-%token NOTEMODE
-%token OBJECTID        
-%token OCTAVE
-%token ONCE
-%token OVERRIDE SET REVERT
-%token PAPER
-%token PARTIAL
-%token QUOTE
-%token RELATIVE
-%token REMOVE
-%token REPEAT
-%token REST
-%token SCM_T
-%token SCORE
-%token SEQUENTIAL
-%token ADDLYRICS
-%token SIMULTANEOUS
-%token SKIP
-%token SPANREQUEST
-%token TAG
-%token TEMPO
-%token TIMES
-%token TIME_T
-%token TRANSPOSE
-%token TRANSPOSITION
-%token TYPE
-%token UNSET
-%token WITH
-%token MARKUP
-
-/* escaped */
-/* FIXME: this sucks.  The user will get to see these names:
-    syntax error, unexpected E_CHAR:
-               \
-                 %%
-  */
-
-%token E_CHAR E_EXCLAMATION E_SMALLER E_BIGGER E_OPEN E_CLOSE
-%token E_LEFTSQUARE E_RIGHTSQUARE E_TILDE
-%token E_BACKSLASH
-%token CHORD_BASS CHORD_COLON CHORD_MINUS CHORD_CARET  CHORD_SLASH
-%token FIGURE_SPACE
-
-%token <i>     DIGIT
-%token <i>     UNSIGNED
+
+
+%token <i> DIGIT
 %token <i> E_UNSIGNED
-%token <id>    IDENTIFIER
-%token <scm>   CHORDMODIFIER_PITCH
-%token <scm>   DRUM_PITCH
-%token <scm>   DURATION_IDENTIFIER
-%token <scm>   EVENT_IDENTIFIER
-%token <scm>   MUSIC_IDENTIFIER CONTEXT_DEF_IDENTIFIER
-%token <scm>   NOTENAME_PITCH
-%token <scm>   NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
-%token <scm>   OUTPUT_DEF_IDENTIFIER
-%token <scm>   RESTNAME
+%token <i> UNSIGNED
+
+/* Artificial tokens, for more generic function syntax */
+%token <i> EXPECT_MARKUP;
+%token <i> EXPECT_MUSIC;
+%token <i> EXPECT_SCM;
+/* After the last argument. */
+%token <i> EXPECT_NO_MORE_ARGS;
+
+%token <scm> BOOK_IDENTIFIER
+%token <scm> CHORDMODIFIER_PITCH
+%token <scm> CHORD_MODIFIER
+%token <scm> CONTEXT_DEF_IDENTIFIER
+%token <scm> DRUM_PITCH
+%token <scm> DURATION_IDENTIFIER
+%token <scm> EVENT_IDENTIFIER
+%token <scm> FRACTION
 %token <scm> LYRICS_STRING
-%token <scm>   SCM_T
-%token <scm>   SCORE_IDENTIFIER
-%token <scm>   STRING
-%token <scm>   STRING_IDENTIFIER SCM_IDENTIFIER
-%token <scm>   TONICNAME_PITCH
-%token <scm>   CHORD_MODIFIER
-%token <scm>    FRACTION
-%token <scm>   REAL
+%token <scm> LYRIC_MARKUP_IDENTIFIER
 %token <scm> MARKUP_HEAD_EMPTY
+%token <scm> MARKUP_HEAD_LIST0
 %token <scm> MARKUP_HEAD_MARKUP0
 %token <scm> MARKUP_HEAD_MARKUP0_MARKUP1
 %token <scm> MARKUP_HEAD_SCM0
 %token <scm> MARKUP_HEAD_SCM0_MARKUP1
 %token <scm> MARKUP_HEAD_SCM0_SCM1
 %token <scm> MARKUP_HEAD_SCM0_SCM1_MARKUP2
+%token <scm> MARKUP_HEAD_SCM0_SCM1_MARKUP2_MARKUP3
+%token <scm> MARKUP_HEAD_SCM0_MARKUP1_MARKUP2
 %token <scm> MARKUP_HEAD_SCM0_SCM1_SCM2
-%token <scm> MARKUP_IDENTIFIER MARKUP_HEAD_LIST0
+%token <scm> MARKUP_LIST_HEAD_EMPTY
+%token <scm> MARKUP_LIST_HEAD_LIST0
+%token <scm> MARKUP_LIST_HEAD_SCM0
+%token <scm> MARKUP_LIST_HEAD_SCM0_LIST1
+%token <scm> MARKUP_LIST_HEAD_SCM0_SCM1_LIST2
+%token <scm> MARKUP_IDENTIFIER
 %token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_MUSIC 
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_MUSIC_MUSIC 
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM 
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM 
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_MUSIC 
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_MUSIC_MUSIC 
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM_MUSIC 
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_MARKUP 
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_MARKUP_MARKUP 
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_MARKUP_MUSIC 
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_MARKUP_MUSIC_MUSIC 
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_MARKUP_MARKUP_MUSIC 
-
-%token DRUMS
-%token DRUMMODE
-
-
-%type <book>   book_block book_body
-%type <i>      bare_int  bare_unsigned
-%type <i>      exclamations questions dots optional_rest
-%type <i>      script_dir
-%type <i>      sub_quotes sup_quotes
-%type <i>      tremolo_type
-%type <i>      bass_mod
-
-%type <music>  Composite_music Simple_music Prefix_composite_music Generic_prefix_music
-%type <music>  Grouped_music_list
-%type <music>  Music Sequential_music Simultaneous_music
-%type <music>  Repeated_music
-%type <music>  command_req
-%type <music>  gen_text_def direction_less_event direction_reqd_event
-%type <music>  music_property_def context_change
-%type <music>  note_chord_element chord_body chord_body_element
-%type <music>  post_event tagged_post_event
-%type <music>  relative_music re_rhythmed_music
-%type <music>  simple_element event_chord command_element
-%type <music>  string_number_event
-%type <music>  toplevel_music
-%type <music>  tempo_event
-
-%type <outputdef>      output_def_body output_def_head
-%type <outputdef> output_def paper_block 
-
-%type <scm>    Music_list
-%type <scm>    chord_body_elements
-%type <scm>    chord_item chord_items chord_separator new_chord
-%type <scm>    context_def_spec_block context_def_spec_body
-%type <scm>    context_mod context_def_mod optional_context_mod
-%type <scm>    context_prop_spec
-%type <scm>    direction_less_char
-%type <scm>    duration_length fraction
-%type <scm>    embedded_scm scalar
-%type <scm>    identifier_init
-%type <scm>    lilypond_header lilypond_header_body
-%type <scm>    new_lyrics
-%type <scm>    post_events
-%type <scm>    property_operation
-%type <scm>    script_abbreviation
-%type <scm>    simple_string
-%type <scm>    steno_pitch pitch absolute_pitch pitch_also_in_chords
-%type <scm>    steno_tonic_pitch
-%type <scm>    step_number step_numbers 
-%type <scm>    string bare_number number_expression number_term number_factor
-%type <scm>    bass_number br_bass_figure bass_figure figure_list figure_spec
-%type <scm>    context_mod_list
-%type <scm>    octave_check
-%type <scm>    steno_duration optional_notemode_duration multiplied_duration
-%type <scm>    Generic_prefix_music_scm 
-%type <scm>    lyric_element
-%type <scm>     Alternative_music
-%type <scm>    full_markup markup_composed_list markup_braced_list markup_braced_list_body markup_head_1_item markup_head_1_list markup simple_markup markup_top
-%type <scm>    mode_changing_head
-%type <scm>    mode_changing_head_with_context
-%type <scm>     object_id_setting 
-
-%type <score>  score_block score_body
+%token <scm> MUSIC_IDENTIFIER
+%token <scm> NOTENAME_PITCH
+%token <scm> NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
+%token <scm> OUTPUT_DEF_IDENTIFIER
+%token <scm> REAL
+%token <scm> RESTNAME
+%token <scm> SCM_IDENTIFIER
+%token <scm> SCM_TOKEN
+%token <scm> SCORE_IDENTIFIER
+%token <scm> STRING
+%token <scm> STRING_IDENTIFIER
+%token <scm> TONICNAME_PITCH
+
+
+%type <book> book_block
+%type <book> book_body
+%type <book> bookpart_block
+%type <book> bookpart_body
+
+%type <i> bare_unsigned
+%type <scm> figured_bass_alteration
+%type <i> dots
+%type <i> exclamations
+%type <i> optional_rest
+%type <i> questions
+%type <i> script_dir
+%type <i> sub_quotes
+%type <i> sup_quotes
+%type <i> tremolo_type
+
+/* Music */
+%type <scm> composite_music
+%type <scm> grouped_music_list
+%type <scm> music
+%type <scm> prefix_composite_music
+%type <scm> repeated_music
+%type <scm> sequential_music
+%type <scm> simple_music
+%type <scm> simultaneous_music
+%type <scm> chord_body
+%type <scm> chord_body_element
+%type <scm> command_element
+%type <scm> command_event
+%type <scm> context_change
+%type <scm> direction_less_event
+%type <scm> direction_reqd_event
+%type <scm> event_chord
+%type <scm> gen_text_def
+%type <scm> music_property_def
+%type <scm> note_chord_element
+%type <scm> post_event
+%type <scm> re_rhythmed_music
+%type <scm> relative_music
+%type <scm> simple_element
+%type <scm> simple_music_property_def
+%type <scm> string_number_event
+%type <scm> tempo_event
+
+%type <outputdef> output_def_body
+%type <outputdef> output_def_head
+%type <outputdef> output_def_head_with_mode_switch
+%type <outputdef> output_def
+%type <outputdef> paper_block 
+
+%type <scm> alternative_music
+%type <scm> generic_prefix_music_scm 
+%type <scm> music_list
+%type <scm> absolute_pitch
+%type <scm> assignment_id
+%type <scm> bare_number
+%type <scm> unsigned_number
+%type <scm> bass_figure
+%type <scm> figured_bass_modification
+%type <scm> br_bass_figure
+%type <scm> bass_number
+%type <scm> chord_body_elements
+%type <scm> chord_item
+%type <scm> chord_items
+%type <scm> chord_separator
+%type <scm> context_def_mod
+%type <scm> context_def_spec_block
+%type <scm> context_def_spec_body
+%type <scm> context_mod
+%type <scm> context_mod_list
+%type <scm> context_prop_spec
+%type <scm> direction_less_char
+%type <scm> duration_length
+%type <scm> embedded_scm
+%type <scm> figure_list
+%type <scm> figure_spec
+%type <scm> fraction
+%type <scm> full_markup
+%type <scm> full_markup_list
+%type <scm> function_scm_argument
+%type <scm> function_arglist
+%type <scm> function_arglist_music_last
+%type <scm> function_arglist_nonmusic_last
+%type <scm> function_arglist_nonmusic
+%type <scm> identifier_init
+%type <scm> lilypond_header
+%type <scm> lilypond_header_body
+%type <scm> lyric_element
+%type <scm> lyric_markup
+%type <scm> markup
+%type <scm> markup_braced_list
+%type <scm> markup_braced_list_body 
+%type <scm> markup_composed_list
+%type <scm> markup_command_list
+%type <scm> markup_head_1_item
+%type <scm> markup_head_1_list
+%type <scm> markup_list
+%type <scm> markup_top
+%type <scm> mode_changing_head
+%type <scm> mode_changing_head_with_context
+%type <scm> multiplied_duration
+%type <scm> music_function_identifier_musicless_prefix
+%type <scm> music_function_event
+%type <scm> music_function_chord_body
+%type <scm> new_chord
+%type <scm> new_lyrics
+%type <scm> number_expression
+%type <scm> number_factor
+%type <scm> number_term
+%type <scm> object_id_setting
+%type <scm> octave_check
+%type <scm> optional_context_mod
+%type <scm> optional_id
+%type <scm> optional_notemode_duration
+%type <scm> pitch
+%type <scm> pitch_also_in_chords
+%type <scm> post_events
+%type <scm> property_operation
+%type <scm> property_path property_path_revved
+%type <scm> scalar
+%type <scm> script_abbreviation
+%type <scm> simple_chord_elements
+%type <scm> simple_markup
+%type <scm> simple_string
+%type <scm> steno_duration
+%type <scm> steno_pitch
+%type <scm> steno_tonic_pitch
+%type <scm> step_number
+%type <scm> step_numbers 
+%type <scm> string
+
+%type <score> score_block
+%type <score> score_body
 
 
 %left '-' '+'
@@ -467,10 +455,10 @@ lilypond: /* empty */
        | lilypond assignment {
        }
        | lilypond error {
-               THIS->error_level_ = 1;
+               PARSER->error_level_ = 1;
        }
        | lilypond INVALID      {
-               THIS->error_level_ = 1;
+               PARSER->error_level_ = 1;
        }
        ;
 
@@ -481,29 +469,39 @@ object_id_setting:
 
 toplevel_expression:
        lilypond_header {
-               THIS->lexer_->set_identifier (ly_symbol2scm ("$globalheader"), $1);
-       }
-       | add_quote {
-       
+               PARSER->lexer_->set_identifier (ly_symbol2scm ("$defaultheader"), $1);
        }
        | book_block {
                Book *book = $1;
-               SCM proc = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-book-handler");
-               scm_call_2 (proc, THIS->self_scm (), book->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (book->self_scm ());
+               SCM proc = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-book-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, PARSER->self_scm (), book->self_scm ());
+               book->unprotect ();
+       }
+       | bookpart_block {
+               Book *bookpart = $1;
+               SCM proc = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-bookpart-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, PARSER->self_scm (), bookpart->self_scm ());
+               bookpart->unprotect ();
        }
        | score_block {
                Score *score = $1;
                
-               SCM proc = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-score-handler");
-               scm_call_2 (proc, THIS->self_scm (), score->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (score->self_scm ());
+               SCM proc = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-score-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, PARSER->self_scm (), score->self_scm ());
+               score->unprotect ();
+       }
+       | composite_music {
+               Music *music = unsmob_music ($1);
+               SCM proc = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-music-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, PARSER->self_scm (), music->self_scm ());
        }
-       | toplevel_music {
-               Music *music = $1;
-               SCM proc = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-music-handler");
-               scm_call_2 (proc, THIS->self_scm (), music->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (music->self_scm ());
+       | full_markup {
+               SCM proc = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-text-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, PARSER->self_scm (), scm_list_1 ($1));
+       }
+       | full_markup_list {
+               SCM proc = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-text-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, PARSER->self_scm (), $1);
        }
        | output_def {
                SCM id = SCM_EOL;
@@ -516,26 +514,21 @@ toplevel_expression:
                else if ($1->c_variable ("is-layout") == SCM_BOOL_T)
                        id = ly_symbol2scm ("$defaultlayout");
 
-               THIS->lexer_->set_identifier (id, od->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (od->self_scm ());
-       }
-       ;
-
-toplevel_music:
-       Composite_music {
+               PARSER->lexer_->set_identifier (id, od->self_scm ());
+               od->unprotect();
        }
        ;
 
 embedded_scm:
-       SCM_T
+       SCM_TOKEN
        | SCM_IDENTIFIER
        ;
 
 
 lilypond_header_body:
        {
-               $$ = ly_make_anonymous_module (safe_global_b);
-               THIS->lexer_->add_scope ($$);
+               $$ = get_header (PARSER);
+               PARSER->lexer_->add_scope ($$);
        }
        | lilypond_header_body assignment  {
                
@@ -544,31 +537,21 @@ lilypond_header_body:
 
 lilypond_header:
        HEADER '{' lilypond_header_body '}'     {
-               $$ = THIS->lexer_->remove_scope ();
+               $$ = PARSER->lexer_->remove_scope ();
        }
        ;
 
-
 /*
        DECLARATIONS
 */
-assignment:
-       STRING {
-               THIS->push_spot ();
-       }
-       /* cont */ '=' identifier_init  {
-
-       /*
-               Should find generic way of associating input with objects.
-       */
-               Input ip = THIS->pop_spot ();
-
-               if (! is_regular_identifier ($1))
-               {
-                       ip.warning (_ ("Identifier should have alphabetic characters only"));
-               }
+assignment_id:
+       STRING          { $$ = $1; }
+       | LYRICS_STRING { $$ = $1; }
+       ;
 
-               THIS->lexer_->set_identifier ($1, $4);
+assignment:
+       assignment_id '=' identifier_init  {
+               PARSER->lexer_->set_identifier ($1, $3);
 
 /*
  TODO: devise standard for protection in parser.
@@ -585,22 +568,37 @@ all objects can be unprotected as soon as they're here.
 identifier_init:
        score_block {
                $$ = $1->self_scm ();
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($$);
+               $1->unprotect ();
+       }
+       | book_block {
+               $$ = $1->self_scm ();
+               $1->unprotect ();
+       }
+       | bookpart_block {
+               $$ = $1->self_scm ();
+               $1->unprotect ();
        }
        | output_def {
                $$ = $1->self_scm ();
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($$);
+               $1->unprotect ();
        }
        | context_def_spec_block {
                $$ = $1;
        }
-       | Music  {
-               $$ = $1->self_scm ();
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($$);
+       | music  {
+               /* Hack: Create event-chord around standalone events.
+                  Prevents the identifier from being interpreted as a post-event. */
+               Music *mus = unsmob_music ($1);
+               bool is_event = mus &&
+                       (scm_memq (ly_symbol2scm ("event"), mus->get_property ("types"))
+                               != SCM_BOOL_F);
+               if (!is_event)
+                       $$ = $1;
+               else
+                       $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("event-chord", @$, scm_list_1 ($1));
        }
        | post_event {
-               $$ = $1->self_scm ();
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($$);
+               $$ = $1;
        }
        | number_expression {
                $$ = $1;
@@ -615,7 +613,7 @@ identifier_init:
                $$ = $1;
        }
        | DIGIT {
-               $$ = scm_int2num ($1);
+               $$ = scm_from_int ($1);
        }
        ;
 
@@ -629,11 +627,11 @@ context_def_spec_block:
 context_def_spec_body:
        /**/ {
                $$ = Context_def::make_scm ();
-               unsmob_context_def ($$)->set_spot (THIS->here_input ());
+               unsmob_context_def ($$)->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
        }
        | CONTEXT_DEF_IDENTIFIER {
                $$ = $1;
-               unsmob_context_def ($$)->set_spot (THIS->here_input ());
+               unsmob_context_def ($$)->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
        }
        | context_def_spec_body GROBDESCRIPTIONS embedded_scm {
                Context_def*td = unsmob_context_def ($$);
@@ -654,12 +652,9 @@ context_def_spec_body:
 
 
 book_block:
-       BOOK {
-               THIS->push_spot ();
-       }
-       /*cont*/ '{' book_body '}'      {
-               THIS->pop_spot ();
-               $$ = $4;
+       BOOK '{' book_body '}'  {
+               $$ = $3;
+               pop_paper (PARSER);
        }
        ;
 
@@ -669,73 +664,151 @@ book_block:
 book_body:
        {
                $$ = new Book;
-               $$->set_spot (THIS->here_input ());
-               $$->paper_ = dynamic_cast<Output_def*> (unsmob_output_def (THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("$defaultpaper"))->clone ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($$->paper_->self_scm ());
-               $$->header_ = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("$globalheader"); 
+               init_papers (PARSER);
+               $$->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
+               $$->paper_ = dynamic_cast<Output_def*> (unsmob_output_def (PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("$defaultpaper"))->clone ());
+               $$->paper_->unprotect ();
+               push_paper (PARSER, $$->paper_);
+               $$->header_ = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("$defaultheader"); 
+       }
+       | BOOK_IDENTIFIER {
+               $$ = unsmob_book ($1);
+               $$->protect ();
+               $$->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
        }
        | book_body paper_block {
                $$->paper_ = $2;
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($2->self_scm ());
+               $2->unprotect ();
+               set_paper (PARSER, $2);
+       }
+       | book_body bookpart_block {
+               Book *bookpart = $2;
+               SCM proc = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("book-bookpart-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, $$->self_scm (), bookpart->self_scm ());
+               bookpart->unprotect ();
        }
        | book_body score_block {
                Score *score = $2;
-               $$->add_score (score);
+               SCM proc = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("book-score-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, $$->self_scm (), score->self_scm ());
+               score->unprotect ();
+       }
+       | book_body composite_music {
+               Music *music = unsmob_music ($2);
+               SCM proc = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("book-music-handler");
+               scm_call_3 (proc, PARSER->self_scm (), $$->self_scm (), music->self_scm ());
+       }
+       | book_body full_markup {
+               SCM proc = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("book-text-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, $$->self_scm (), scm_list_1 ($2));
+       }
+       | book_body full_markup_list {
+               SCM proc = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("book-text-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, $$->self_scm (), $2);
        }
        | book_body lilypond_header {
                $$->header_ = $2;
        }
        | book_body error {
                $$->paper_ = 0;
-               $$->scores_.clear();
+               $$->scores_ = SCM_EOL;
+               $$->bookparts_ = SCM_EOL;
        }
        | book_body object_id_setting {
                $$->user_key_ = ly_scm2string ($2);
        }
        ;
 
-score_block:
-       SCORE {
-               THIS->push_spot ();
+bookpart_block:
+       BOOKPART '{' bookpart_body '}' {
+               $$ = $3;
        }
-       /*cont*/ '{' score_body '}'     {
-               THIS->pop_spot ();
-               $$ = $4;
+       ;
+
+bookpart_body:
+       {
+               $$ = new Book;
+               $$->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
+       }
+       | BOOK_IDENTIFIER {
+               $$ = unsmob_book ($1);
+               $$->protect ();
+               $$->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
+       }
+       | bookpart_body paper_block {
+               $$->paper_ = $2;
+               $2->unprotect ();
+       }
+       | bookpart_body score_block {
+               Score *score = $2;
+               SCM proc = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("bookpart-score-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, $$->self_scm (), score->self_scm ());
+               score->unprotect ();
+       }
+       | bookpart_body composite_music {
+               Music *music = unsmob_music ($2);
+               SCM proc = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("bookpart-music-handler");
+               scm_call_3 (proc, PARSER->self_scm (), $$->self_scm (), music->self_scm ());
+       }
+       | bookpart_body full_markup {
+               SCM proc = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("bookpart-text-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, $$->self_scm (), scm_list_1 ($2));
+       }
+       | bookpart_body full_markup_list {
+               SCM proc = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("bookpart-text-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, $$->self_scm (), $2);
+       }
+       | bookpart_body lilypond_header {
+               $$->header_ = $2;
+       }
+       | bookpart_body error {
+               $$->paper_ = 0;
+               $$->scores_ = SCM_EOL;
+       }
+       | bookpart_body object_id_setting {
+               $$->user_key_ = ly_scm2string ($2);
+       }
+       ;
+
+score_block:
+       SCORE '{' score_body '}'        {
+               $$ = $3;
        }
        ;
 
 score_body:
-       /**/    {
-               $$ = new Score;
-       
-               $$->set_spot (THIS->here_input ());
+       music {
+               SCM m = $1;
+               SCM scorify = ly_lily_module_constant ("scorify-music");
+               SCM score = scm_call_2 (scorify, m, PARSER->self_scm ());
+
+               // pass ownernship to C++ again.
+               $$ = unsmob_score (score);
+               $$->protect ();
+               $$->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
        }
        | SCORE_IDENTIFIER {
-               $$ = new Score ( *unsmob_score ($1));
-               $$->set_spot (THIS->here_input ());
+               $$ = unsmob_score ($1);
+               $$->protect ();
+               $$->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
        }
        | score_body object_id_setting {
                $$->user_key_ = ly_scm2string ($2);
        }
-       | score_body Music {
-               SCM m = $2->self_scm ();
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (m);
-               $$->set_music (m, THIS->self_scm ());
-       }
        | score_body lilypond_header    {
-               $$->header_ = $2;
+               $$->set_header ($2);
        }
        | score_body output_def {
                if ($2->lookup_variable (ly_symbol2scm ("is-paper")) == SCM_BOOL_T)
                {
-                       THIS->parser_error (_("\\paper cannot be in \\score. Use \\layout instead"));
+                       PARSER->parser_error (@2, _("\\paper cannot be used in \\score, use \\layout instead"));
                
                }
                else
                {
-                       $$->defs_.push ($2);
+                       $$->add_output_def ($2);
                }
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($2->self_scm ());
+               $2->unprotect ();
        }
        | score_body error {
                $$->error_found_ = true;
@@ -752,8 +825,9 @@ paper_block:
                $$ = $1;
                if ($$->lookup_variable (ly_symbol2scm ("is-paper")) != SCM_BOOL_T)
                {
-                       THIS->parser_error (_("Need \\paper for paper block."));
-                       $$ = get_paper (THIS);
+                       PARSER->parser_error (@1, _ ("need \\paper for paper block"));
+                       $1->unprotect ();
+                       $$ = get_paper (PARSER);
                }
        }
        ;
@@ -763,45 +837,51 @@ output_def:
        output_def_body '}' {
                $$ = $1;
 
-               THIS->lexer_->remove_scope ();
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->remove_scope ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->pop_state ();
        }
        ;
 
 output_def_head:
        PAPER {
-               $$ = get_paper (THIS);
-               $$->input_origin_ = THIS->here_input ();
-               THIS->lexer_->add_scope ($$->scope_);
+               $$ = get_paper (PARSER);
+               $$->input_origin_ = @$;
+               PARSER->lexer_->add_scope ($$->scope_);
        }
        | MIDI    {
-               Output_def *p = get_midi (THIS);
+               Output_def *p = get_midi (PARSER);
                $$ = p;
-               THIS->lexer_->add_scope (p->scope_);
+               PARSER->lexer_->add_scope (p->scope_);
        }
        | LAYOUT        {
-               Output_def *p = get_layout (THIS);
+               Output_def *p = get_layout (PARSER);
 
-               THIS->lexer_->add_scope (p->scope_);
+               PARSER->lexer_->add_scope (p->scope_);
                $$ = p;
        }
        ;
 
+output_def_head_with_mode_switch:
+       output_def_head {
+               PARSER->lexer_->push_initial_state ();
+               $$ = $1;
+       }
+       ;
 
 output_def_body:
-       output_def_head '{' {
+       output_def_head_with_mode_switch '{' {
                $$ = $1;
-               $$->input_origin_.set_spot (THIS->here_input ());
-               THIS->lexer_->push_initial_state ();
+               $$->input_origin_.set_spot (@$);
        }
-       | output_def_head '{' OUTPUT_DEF_IDENTIFIER     {
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($1->self_scm ());
+       | output_def_head_with_mode_switch '{' OUTPUT_DEF_IDENTIFIER    {
+               $1->unprotect ();
+
                Output_def *o = unsmob_output_def ($3);
-               o->input_origin_.set_spot (THIS->here_input ());
+               o->input_origin_.set_spot (@$);
                $$ = o;
-               THIS->lexer_->remove_scope ();
-               THIS->lexer_->add_scope (o->scope_);
-               THIS->lexer_->push_initial_state ();
+               $$->protect ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->remove_scope ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->add_scope (o->scope_);
        }
        | output_def_body assignment  {
 
@@ -809,16 +889,6 @@ output_def_body:
        | output_def_body context_def_spec_block        {
                assign_context_def ($$, $2);
        }
-       | output_def_body tempo_event  {
-               /*
-                       junk this ? there already is tempo stuff in
-                       music.
-               */
-               int m = scm_to_int ($2->get_property ("metronome-count"));
-               Duration *d = unsmob_duration ($2->get_property ("tempo-unit"));
-               set_tempo ($$, d->get_length (), m);
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($2->self_scm ());
-       }
        | output_def_body error {
 
        }
@@ -826,9 +896,19 @@ output_def_body:
 
 tempo_event:
        TEMPO steno_duration '=' bare_unsigned  {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("MetronomeChangeEvent");
-               $$->set_property ("tempo-unit", $2);
-               $$->set_property ("metronome-count", scm_int2num ( $4));
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("tempo", @$, SCM_BOOL_F, $2, scm_int2num ($4));
+       }
+       | TEMPO string steno_duration '=' bare_unsigned {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("tempo", @$, make_simple_markup($2), $3, scm_int2num ($5));
+       }
+       | TEMPO full_markup steno_duration '=' bare_unsigned    {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("tempo", @$, $2, $3, scm_int2num ($5));
+       }
+       | TEMPO string {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("tempoText", @$, make_simple_markup($2) );
+       }
+       | TEMPO full_markup {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("tempoText", @$, $2 );
        }
        ;
 
@@ -839,14 +919,13 @@ The representation of a  list is the
 
  to have efficient append.  */
 
-Music_list:
+music_list:
        /* empty */ {
                $$ = scm_cons (SCM_EOL, SCM_EOL);
        }
-       | Music_list Music {
+       | music_list music {
                SCM s = $$;
-               SCM c = scm_cons ($2->self_scm (), SCM_EOL);
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($2->self_scm ()); /* UGH */
+               SCM c = scm_cons ($2, SCM_EOL);
 
                if (scm_is_pair (scm_cdr (s)))
                        scm_set_cdr_x (scm_cdr (s), c); /* append */
@@ -854,16 +933,16 @@ Music_list:
                        scm_set_car_x (s, c); /* set first cons */
                scm_set_cdr_x (s, c);  /* remember last cell */
        }
-       | Music_list embedded_scm {
+       | music_list embedded_scm {
 
        }
-       | Music_list error {
-               Music * m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC("Music");
+       | music_list error {
+               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC("Music", @$);
                // ugh. code dup 
                m->set_property ("error-found", SCM_BOOL_T);
                SCM s = $$;
                SCM c = scm_cons (m->self_scm (), SCM_EOL);
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (m->self_scm ()); /* UGH */
+               m->unprotect (); /* UGH */
 
                if (scm_is_pair (scm_cdr (s)))
                        scm_set_cdr_x (scm_cdr (s), c); /* append */
@@ -873,123 +952,59 @@ Music_list:
        }
        ;
 
-Music:
-       Simple_music
-       | Composite_music
+music:
+       simple_music
+       | composite_music
        ;
 
-Alternative_music:
+alternative_music:
        /* empty */ {
                $$ = SCM_EOL;
        }
-       | ALTERNATIVE '{' Music_list '}' {
-               $$ = $3;
+       | ALTERNATIVE '{' music_list '}' {
+               $$ = scm_car ($3);
        }
        ;
 
 
-Repeated_music:
-       REPEAT simple_string bare_unsigned Music Alternative_music
+repeated_music:
+       REPEAT simple_string unsigned_number music alternative_music
        {
-               Music *beg = $4;
-               int times = $3;
-               SCM alts = scm_is_pair ($5) ? scm_car ($5) : SCM_EOL;
-               if (times < scm_ilength (alts)) {
-                 unsmob_music (scm_car (alts))
-                   ->origin ()->warning (
-                   _ ("More alternatives than repeats.  Junking excess alternatives."));
-                 alts = ly_truncate_list (times, alts);
-               }
-
-
-               SCM proc = ly_scheme_function ("make-repeated-music");
-
-               SCM mus = scm_call_1 (proc, $2);
-               scm_gc_protect_object (mus); // UGH.
-               Music *r = unsmob_music (mus);
-               if (beg)
-                       {
-                       r-> set_property ("element", beg->self_scm ());
-                       scm_gc_unprotect_object (beg->self_scm ());
-                       }
-               r->set_property ("repeat-count", scm_int2num (times >? 1));
-
-               r-> set_property ("elements",alts);
-               if (ly_c_equal_p ($2, scm_makfrom0str ("tremolo"))) {
-                       /*
-                       TODO: move this code to Scheme.
-                       */
-
-                       /*
-                       we can not get durations and other stuff correct down the line, so we have to
-                       add to the duration log here.
-                       */
-                       SCM func = ly_scheme_function ("shift-duration-log");
-
-                       int dots = ($3 % 3) ? 0 : 1;
-                       int shift = -intlog2 ((dots) ? ($3*2/3) : $3);
-
-                       Sequential_music *seq = dynamic_cast<Sequential_music*> ($4);
-                       
-                       if (seq) {
-                               int list_len = scm_ilength (seq->music_list ());
-                               if (list_len != 2)
-                                       seq->origin ()->warning ("Chord tremolo must have 2 elements.");
-                               shift -= 1;
-                               r->compress (Moment (Rational (1, list_len)));
-                               }
-                       scm_call_3 (func, r->self_scm (), scm_int2num (shift),scm_int2num (dots));
-
-               }
-               r->set_spot (*$4->origin ());
-
-               $$ = r;
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("repeat", @$, $2, $3, $4, $5);
        }
        ;
 
-Sequential_music:
-       SEQUENTIAL '{' Music_list '}'           {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("SequentialMusic");
-               $$->set_property ("elements", scm_car ($3));
-               $$->set_spot (THIS->here_input ());
+sequential_music:
+       SEQUENTIAL '{' music_list '}'           {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("sequential-music", @$, scm_car ($3));
        }
-       | '{' Music_list '}'            {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("SequentialMusic");
-               $$->set_property ("elements", scm_car ($2));
-               $$->set_spot (THIS->here_input ());
+       | '{' music_list '}'            {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("sequential-music", @$, scm_car ($2));
        }
        ;
 
-Simultaneous_music:
-       SIMULTANEOUS '{' Music_list '}'{
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("SimultaneousMusic");
-               $$->set_property ("elements", scm_car ($3));
-               $$->set_spot (THIS->here_input ());
-
+simultaneous_music:
+       SIMULTANEOUS '{' music_list '}'{
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("simultaneous-music", @$, scm_car ($3));
        }
-       | simul_open Music_list simul_close     {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("SimultaneousMusic");
-               $$->set_property ("elements", scm_car ($2));
-               $$->set_spot (THIS->here_input ());
+       | DOUBLE_ANGLE_OPEN music_list DOUBLE_ANGLE_CLOSE       {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("simultaneous-music", @$, scm_car ($2));
        }
        ;
 
-Simple_music:
-       event_chord             { $$ = $1; }
-       | MUSIC_IDENTIFIER {
-               $$ = unsmob_music ($1);
-       }
+simple_music:
+       event_chord
+       | MUSIC_IDENTIFIER
        | music_property_def
        | context_change
        ;
 
-
 optional_context_mod:
        /**/ { $$ = SCM_EOL; }
-       | WITH { THIS->lexer_->push_initial_state (); }
+       | WITH { PARSER->lexer_->push_initial_state (); }
        '{' context_mod_list '}'
        {
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->pop_state ();
                $$ = $4;
        }
        ;
@@ -1001,351 +1016,241 @@ context_mod_list:
        }
        ;
 
+composite_music:
+       prefix_composite_music { $$ = $1; }
+       | grouped_music_list { $$ = $1; }
+       ;
 
-Composite_music:
-       Prefix_composite_music { $$ = $1; }
-       | Grouped_music_list { $$ = $1; }
+grouped_music_list:
+       simultaneous_music              { $$ = $1; }
+       | sequential_music              { $$ = $1; }
        ;
 
-Grouped_music_list:
-       Simultaneous_music              { $$ = $1; }
-       | Sequential_music              { $$ = $1; }
+function_scm_argument:
+       embedded_scm  
+       | simple_string
        ;
 
-Generic_prefix_music_scm:
-       MUSIC_FUNCTION {
-               $$ = scm_list_2 ($1, make_input (THIS->here_input ()));
-       }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM {
-               THIS->push_spot ();
-       } embedded_scm {
-               $$ = scm_list_3 ($1, make_input (THIS->pop_spot ()), $3);
-       }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_MARKUP {
-               THIS->push_spot ();
-       } full_markup {
-               $$ = scm_list_3 ($1, make_input (THIS->pop_spot ()), $3);
-       }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_MUSIC {
-               THIS->push_spot (); 
-       } Music {
-               $$ = scm_list_3 ($1, make_input (THIS->pop_spot ()), $3->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($3->self_scm ());
-       }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_MUSIC {
-               THIS->push_spot (); 
-       }  embedded_scm Music {
-               $$ = scm_list_4 ($1, make_input (THIS->pop_spot ()), $3, $4->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($4->self_scm ());
-       }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM {
-               THIS->push_spot (); 
-       }  embedded_scm embedded_scm {
-               $$ = scm_list_4 ($1, make_input (THIS->pop_spot ()), $3, $4);
-       }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM_MUSIC {
-               THIS->push_spot (); 
-       }  embedded_scm embedded_scm Music {
-               $$ = scm_list_5 ($1, make_input (THIS->pop_spot ()), $3, $4, $5->self_scm ());
+/* An argument list. If a function \foo expects scm scm music, then the lexer expands \foo into the token sequence:
+ MUSIC_FUNCTION EXPECT_MUSIC EXPECT_SCM EXPECT_SCM
+and this rule returns the reversed list of arguments. */
+
+function_arglist_music_last:
+       EXPECT_MUSIC function_arglist music {
+               $$ = scm_cons ($3, $2);
        }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_MARKUP_MUSIC {
-               THIS->push_spot (); 
-       }  full_markup Music {
-               $$ = scm_list_4 ($1, make_input (THIS->pop_spot ()), $3, $4->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($4->self_scm ());
+       ;
+
+function_arglist_nonmusic_last:
+       EXPECT_MARKUP function_arglist full_markup {
+               $$ = scm_cons ($3, $2);
        }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_MARKUP_MARKUP {
-               THIS->push_spot (); 
-       }  full_markup full_markup {
-               $$ = scm_list_4 ($1, make_input (THIS->pop_spot ()), $3, $4);
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist function_scm_argument {
+               $$ = scm_cons ($3, $2);
        }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_MUSIC_MUSIC {
-               THIS->push_spot (); 
-       }  Music  Music {
-               $$ = scm_list_4 ($1, make_input (THIS->pop_spot ()), $3->self_scm (), $4->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($3->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($4->self_scm ());
+       ;
+
+function_arglist_nonmusic: EXPECT_NO_MORE_ARGS {
+               $$ = SCM_EOL;
        }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_MUSIC_MUSIC {
-               THIS->push_spot (); 
-       } embedded_scm Music Music {
-               $$ = scm_list_5 ($1, make_input (THIS->pop_spot ()),
-                       $3, $4->self_scm (), $5->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($5->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($4->self_scm ());
+       | EXPECT_MARKUP function_arglist_nonmusic full_markup {
+               $$ = scm_cons ($3, $2);
        }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_MARKUP_MUSIC_MUSIC {
-               THIS->push_spot (); 
-       } full_markup Music Music {
-               $$ = scm_list_5 ($1, make_input (THIS->pop_spot ()),
-                       $3, $4->self_scm (), $5->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($5->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($4->self_scm ());
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonmusic function_scm_argument {
+               $$ = scm_cons ($3, $2);
        }
        ;
 
-Generic_prefix_music:
-       Generic_prefix_music_scm {
-               SCM func = scm_car ($1);
-               Input *loc = unsmob_input (scm_cadr ($1));
-               SCM args = scm_cddr ($1);
-               SCM sig = scm_object_property (func, ly_symbol2scm ("music-function-signature"));
-
-               SCM type_check_proc = ly_scheme_function ("type-check-list");
-               bool ok  = true;
-
-               if (!to_boolean (scm_call_3  (type_check_proc, scm_cadr ($1), sig, args)))
-               {
-                       THIS->error_level_ = 1;
-                       ok = false;
-               }
-
-               SCM m = SCM_EOL;
-               if (ok)
-                       m = scm_apply_0 (func, scm_cons (THIS->self_scm(),
-                                                        scm_cdr ($1)));
+function_arglist: EXPECT_NO_MORE_ARGS {
+               /* This is for 0-ary functions, so they don't need to
+                  read a lookahead token */
+               $$ = SCM_EOL;
+       }
+       | function_arglist_music_last
+       | function_arglist_nonmusic_last
+       ;
 
-               if (unsmob_music (m))
-                       {
-                       $$ = unsmob_music (m);
-                       scm_gc_protect_object (m);
-                       }
-               else
-                       {
-                       if (ok)
-                               loc->error (_ ("Music head function should return Music object.")); 
-                       $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("Music");
-                       }
-               $$->set_spot (*loc);
+generic_prefix_music_scm:
+       MUSIC_FUNCTION function_arglist {
+               $$ = ly_append2 (scm_list_2 ($1, make_input (@$)), scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
        }
        ;
 
 
-Prefix_composite_music:
-       Generic_prefix_music {
-               $$ = $1;
+optional_id:
+       /**/ { $$ = SCM_EOL; }
+       | '=' simple_string {
+               $$ = $2;
        }
-       | CONTEXT simple_string '=' simple_string optional_context_mod Music {
-               $$ = context_spec_music ($2, $4, $6, $5);
+       ;       
 
+
+prefix_composite_music:
+       generic_prefix_music_scm {
+               $$ = run_music_function (PARSER, $1);
        }
-       | CONTEXT simple_string optional_context_mod Music {
-               $$ = context_spec_music ($2, SCM_UNDEFINED, $4, $3);
-       }
-       | NEWCONTEXT simple_string optional_context_mod Music {
-               $$ = context_spec_music ($2, get_next_unique_context_id (), $4,
-                       $3);
+       | CONTEXT simple_string optional_id optional_context_mod music {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("context-specification", @$, $2, $3, $5, $4, SCM_BOOL_F);
        }
-
-       | TIMES {
-               THIS->push_spot ();
+       | NEWCONTEXT simple_string optional_id optional_context_mod music {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("context-specification", @$, $2, $3, $5, $4, SCM_BOOL_T);
        }
-       /* CONTINUED */
-               fraction Music  
-
-       {
-               int n = scm_to_int (scm_car ($3)); int d = scm_to_int (scm_cdr ($3));
-               Music *mp = $4;
-
-               $$= MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TimeScaledMusic");
-               $$->set_spot (THIS->pop_spot ());
-
-               $$->set_property ("element", mp->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (mp->self_scm ());
-               $$->set_property ("numerator", scm_int2num (n));
-               $$->set_property ("denominator", scm_int2num (d));
-               $$->compress (Moment (Rational (n,d)));
 
+       | TIMES fraction music {
+                $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("time-scaled-music", @$, $2, $3);
        }
-       | Repeated_music                { $$ = $1; }
-       | TRANSPOSE pitch_also_in_chords pitch_also_in_chords Music {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TransposedMusic");
-               Music *p = $4;
+       | repeated_music                { $$ = $1; }
+       | TRANSPOSE pitch_also_in_chords pitch_also_in_chords music {
                Pitch from = *unsmob_pitch ($2);
                Pitch to = *unsmob_pitch ($3);
-
-               p->transpose (pitch_interval (from, to));
-               $$->set_property ("element", p->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (p->self_scm ());
+               SCM pitch = pitch_interval (from, to).smobbed_copy ();
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("transpose-music", @$, pitch, $4);
        }
-       | mode_changing_head Grouped_music_list {
+       | mode_changing_head grouped_music_list {
                if ($1 == ly_symbol2scm ("chords"))
                {
-                 Music *chm = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("UnrelativableMusic");
-                 chm->set_property ("element", $2->self_scm ());
-                 $$ = chm;
-                 scm_gc_unprotect_object ($2->self_scm ());
+                 $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("unrelativable-music", @$, $2);
                }
                else
                {
                  $$ = $2;
                }
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->pop_state ();
        }
-       | mode_changing_head_with_context optional_context_mod Grouped_music_list {
-               $$ = context_spec_music ($1, get_next_unique_context_id (),
-                                        $3, $2);
+       | mode_changing_head_with_context optional_context_mod grouped_music_list {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("context-specification", @$, $1, SCM_EOL, $3, $2, SCM_BOOL_T);
                if ($1 == ly_symbol2scm ("ChordNames"))
                {
-                 Music *chm = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("UnrelativableMusic");
-                 chm->set_property ("element", $$->self_scm ());
-                 scm_gc_unprotect_object ($$->self_scm ());
-                 $$ = chm;
+                 $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("unrelativable-music", @$, $$);
                }
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->pop_state ();
        }
        | relative_music        { $$ = $1; }
        | re_rhythmed_music     { $$ = $1; }
-       | TAG embedded_scm Music {
-               tag_music ($3, $2, THIS->here_input ());
-               $$ = $3;
-       }
        ;
 
 mode_changing_head: 
        NOTEMODE {
-               SCM nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
-               THIS->lexer_->push_note_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
+               SCM nn = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
+               PARSER->lexer_->push_note_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
 
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("notes");
        }
        | DRUMMODE 
                {
-               SCM nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("drumPitchNames");
-               THIS->lexer_->push_note_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
+               SCM nn = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("drumPitchNames");
+               PARSER->lexer_->push_note_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
 
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("drums");
        }
        | FIGUREMODE {
-               THIS->lexer_->push_figuredbass_state ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->push_figuredbass_state ();
 
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("figures");
        }
        | CHORDMODE {
-               SCM nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("chordmodifiers");
-               THIS->lexer_->chordmodifier_tab_ = alist_to_hashq (nn);
-               nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
-               THIS->lexer_->push_chord_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
+               SCM nn = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("chordmodifiers");
+               PARSER->lexer_->chordmodifier_tab_ = alist_to_hashq (nn);
+               nn = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
+               PARSER->lexer_->push_chord_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("chords");
 
        }
        | LYRICMODE
-               { THIS->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
+               { PARSER->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("lyrics");
        }
        ;
 
 mode_changing_head_with_context: 
        DRUMS {
-               SCM nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("drumPitchNames");
-               THIS->lexer_->push_note_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
+               SCM nn = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("drumPitchNames");
+               PARSER->lexer_->push_note_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
 
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("DrumStaff");
        }
        | FIGURES {
-               THIS->lexer_->push_figuredbass_state ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->push_figuredbass_state ();
 
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("FiguredBass");
        }
        | CHORDS {
-               SCM nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("chordmodifiers");
-               THIS->lexer_->chordmodifier_tab_ = alist_to_hashq (nn);
-               nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
-               THIS->lexer_->push_chord_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
+               SCM nn = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("chordmodifiers");
+               PARSER->lexer_->chordmodifier_tab_ = alist_to_hashq (nn);
+               nn = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
+               PARSER->lexer_->push_chord_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("ChordNames");
        }
        | LYRICS
-               { THIS->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
+               { PARSER->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("Lyrics");
        }
        ;
 
 
 relative_music:
-       RELATIVE absolute_pitch Music {
-               Music *m = $3;
+       RELATIVE absolute_pitch music {
                Pitch start = *unsmob_pitch ($2);
-               $$ = make_music_relative (start, m);
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (m->self_scm ());
+               $$ = make_music_relative (start, $3, @$);
        }
-       | RELATIVE Composite_music {
-               Music *m = $2;
-
+       | RELATIVE composite_music {
                Pitch middle_c (0, 0, 0);
-               $$ = make_music_relative (middle_c, m);
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (m->self_scm ());
+               $$ = make_music_relative (middle_c, $2, @$);
        }
        ;
 
 new_lyrics:
-       ADDLYRICS { THIS->lexer_->push_lyric_state (); }
+       ADDLYRICS { PARSER->lexer_->push_lyric_state (); }
        /*cont */
-       Grouped_music_list {
-       /* Can also use Music at the expensive of two S/Rs similar to
+       grouped_music_list {
+       /* Can also use music at the expensive of two S/Rs similar to
            \repeat \alternative */
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->pop_state ();
 
-               $$ = scm_cons ($3->self_scm (), SCM_EOL);
+               $$ = scm_cons ($3, SCM_EOL);
        }
        | new_lyrics ADDLYRICS {
-               THIS->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
-       } Grouped_music_list {
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
-               $$ = scm_cons ($4->self_scm (), $1);
+               PARSER->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
+       } grouped_music_list {
+               PARSER->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               $$ = scm_cons ($4, $1);
        }
        ;
 
 re_rhythmed_music:
-       Grouped_music_list new_lyrics {
-               Music * voice = $1;
-               SCM name = get_first_context_id (scm_makfrom0str ("Voice"), voice); 
-               if (!scm_is_string (name))
-               {
-                       name = get_next_unique_lyrics_context_id ();
-                       voice = context_spec_music (scm_makfrom0str ("Voice"),
-                                                   name,
-                                                   voice, SCM_EOL);
-               }
-
-               SCM context = scm_makfrom0str ("Lyrics");
-               Music *all = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("SimultaneousMusic");
-
-               SCM lst = SCM_EOL;
-               for (SCM s = $2; scm_is_pair (s); s = scm_cdr (s))
-               {
-                       Music *music = unsmob_music (scm_car (s));
-                       Music *com = make_lyric_combine_music (name, music);
-                       Music *csm = context_spec_music (context,
-                               get_next_unique_context_id (), com, SCM_EOL);
-                       lst = scm_cons (csm->self_scm (), lst);
-               }
-               all->set_property ("elements", scm_cons (voice->self_scm (),
-                       lst));
-               $$ = all;
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (voice->self_scm ());
+       grouped_music_list new_lyrics {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("add-lyrics", @$, $1, scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
        }
-       | LYRICSTO {
-               THIS->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
-       } simple_string Music {
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
-               Music *music = $4;
-               SCM name = $3;
-               $$ = make_lyric_combine_music (name, music);
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (music->self_scm ());
+       | LYRICSTO simple_string {
+               PARSER->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
+       } music {
+               PARSER->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("lyric-combine", @$, $2, $4);
        }
        ;
 
 context_change:
        CHANGE STRING '=' STRING  {
-               Music*t= MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("ContextChange");
-               t-> set_property ("change-to-type", scm_string_to_symbol ($2));
-               t-> set_property ("change-to-id", $4);
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("context-change", @$, scm_string_to_symbol ($2), $4);
+       }
+       ;
+
 
-               $$ = t;
-               $$->set_spot (THIS->here_input ());
+property_path_revved:
+       embedded_scm {
+               $$ = scm_cons ($1, SCM_EOL);
+       }
+       | property_path_revved embedded_scm {
+               $$ = scm_cons ($2, $1);
        }
        ;
 
+property_path:
+       property_path_revved  {
+               $$ = scm_reverse_x ($1, SCM_EOL);
+       } 
+       ;
+
 property_operation:
        STRING '=' scalar {
                $$ = scm_list_3 (ly_symbol2scm ("assign"),
@@ -1355,9 +1260,10 @@ property_operation:
                $$ = scm_list_2 (ly_symbol2scm ("unset"),
                        scm_string_to_symbol ($2));
        }
-       | OVERRIDE simple_string embedded_scm '=' embedded_scm {
-               $$ = scm_list_4 (ly_symbol2scm ("push"),
-                       scm_string_to_symbol ($2), $3, $5);
+       | OVERRIDE simple_string property_path '=' embedded_scm {
+               $$ = scm_append (scm_list_2 (scm_list_3 (ly_symbol2scm ("push"),
+                                                       scm_string_to_symbol ($2), $5),
+                                            $3));
        }
        | REVERT simple_string embedded_scm {
                $$ = scm_list_3 (ly_symbol2scm ("pop"),
@@ -1370,6 +1276,7 @@ context_def_mod:
        | REMOVE { $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("remove"); }
 
        | ACCEPTS { $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("accepts"); }
+       | DEFAULTCHILD { $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("default-child"); }
        | DENIES { $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("denies"); }
 
        | ALIAS { $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("alias"); }
@@ -1389,7 +1296,7 @@ context_prop_spec:
        simple_string {
                if (!is_regular_identifier ($1))
                {
-                       THIS->here_input ().error (_("Grob name should be alphanumeric"));
+                       @$.error (_("Grob name should be alphanumeric"));
                }
 
                $$ = scm_list_2 (ly_symbol2scm ("Bottom"),
@@ -1401,43 +1308,41 @@ context_prop_spec:
        }
        ;
 
-music_property_def:
-       OVERRIDE context_prop_spec embedded_scm '=' scalar {
-               $$ = property_op_to_music (scm_list_4 (
-                       ly_symbol2scm ("poppush"),
-                       scm_cadr ($2),
-                       $3, $5));
-               $$= context_spec_music (scm_car ($2), SCM_UNDEFINED, $$, SCM_EOL);
+simple_music_property_def:
+       OVERRIDE context_prop_spec property_path '=' scalar {
+               $$ = scm_append (scm_list_2 (scm_list_n (scm_car ($2),                  
+                               ly_symbol2scm ("OverrideProperty"),
+                               scm_cadr ($2),
+                               $5, SCM_UNDEFINED),
+                               $3));
        }
        | REVERT context_prop_spec embedded_scm {
-               $$ = property_op_to_music (scm_list_3 (
-                       ly_symbol2scm ("pop"),
+               $$ = scm_list_4 (scm_car ($2),
+                       ly_symbol2scm ("RevertProperty"),
                        scm_cadr ($2),
-                       $3));
-
-               $$= context_spec_music (scm_car ($2), SCM_UNDEFINED, $$, SCM_EOL);
+                       $3);
        }
        | SET context_prop_spec '=' scalar {
-               $$ = property_op_to_music (scm_list_3 (
-                       ly_symbol2scm ("assign"),
+               $$ = scm_list_4 (scm_car ($2),
+                       ly_symbol2scm ("PropertySet"),
                        scm_cadr ($2),
-                       $4));
-               $$= context_spec_music (scm_car ($2), SCM_UNDEFINED, $$, SCM_EOL);
+                       $4);
        }
        | UNSET context_prop_spec {
-               $$ = property_op_to_music (scm_list_2 (
-                       ly_symbol2scm ("unset"),
-                       scm_cadr ($2)));
-               $$= context_spec_music (scm_car ($2), SCM_UNDEFINED, $$, SCM_EOL);
-       }
-       | ONCE music_property_def {
-               SCM e = $2->get_property ("element");
-                unsmob_music (e)->set_property ("once", SCM_BOOL_T);
-               $$ = $2;
-
+               $$ = scm_list_3 (scm_car ($2),
+                       ly_symbol2scm ("PropertyUnset"),
+                       scm_cadr ($2));
        }
        ;
 
+music_property_def:
+       simple_music_property_def {
+               $$ = LOWLEVEL_MAKE_SYNTAX (ly_lily_module_constant ("property-operation"), scm_cons (PARSER->self_scm (), scm_cons2 (make_input (@$), SCM_BOOL_F, $1)));
+       }
+       | ONCE simple_music_property_def {
+               $$ = LOWLEVEL_MAKE_SYNTAX (ly_lily_module_constant ("property-operation"), scm_cons (PARSER->self_scm (), scm_cons2 (make_input (@$), SCM_BOOL_T, $2)));
+       }
+       ;
 
 string:
        STRING {
@@ -1457,6 +1362,9 @@ simple_string: STRING {
        | LYRICS_STRING {
                $$ = $1;
        }
+       | STRING_IDENTIFIER {
+               $$ = $1;
+       }
        ;
 
 scalar: string {
@@ -1465,8 +1373,8 @@ scalar: string {
        | LYRICS_STRING {
                $$ = $1;
        }
-        | bare_int {
-               $$ = scm_int2num ($1);
+       | bare_number {
+               $$ = $1;
        }
         | embedded_scm {
                $$ = $1;
@@ -1475,42 +1383,27 @@ scalar: string {
                $$ = $1;
        }
        | DIGIT {
-               $$ = scm_int2num ($1);
-       }
-       ;
-
-/*
-
-pre_events doesn't contain anything. It is a trick:
-
-Adding pre_events to the simple_element
-makes the choice between
-
-  string:  STRING
-
-and
-
-  simple_element: STRING
-
-a single shift/reduction conflict.
-
-nevertheless, this is not very clean, and we should find a different
-solution.
-
-*/
-pre_events: {
-               THIS->push_spot ();
+               $$ = scm_from_int ($1);
        }
        ;
 
 event_chord:
-       pre_events simple_element post_events   {
-               SCM elts = $2-> get_property ("elements");
-
-               elts = ly_append2 (elts, scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL));
-
-               $2->set_property ("elements", elts);
-               $$ = $2;
+       /* TODO: Create a special case that avoids the creation of
+          EventChords around simple_elements that have no post_events?
+        */
+       simple_chord_elements post_events       {
+               SCM elts = ly_append2 ($1, scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
+
+               Input i;
+               /* why is this giving wrong start location? -ns
+                * i = @$; */
+               i.set_location (@1, @2);
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("event-chord", i, elts);
+       }
+       | MULTI_MEASURE_REST optional_notemode_duration post_events {
+               Input i;
+               i.set_location (@1, @3);
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("multi-measure-rest", i, $2, $3);
        }
        | command_element
        | note_chord_element
@@ -1520,57 +1413,44 @@ event_chord:
 note_chord_element:
        chord_body optional_notemode_duration post_events
        {
+               Music *m = unsmob_music ($1);
                SCM dur = unsmob_duration ($2)->smobbed_copy ();
-               SCM es = $1->get_property ("elements");
+               SCM es = m->get_property ("elements");
                SCM postevs = scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL);
-
+               
                for (SCM s = es; scm_is_pair (s); s = scm_cdr (s))
                  unsmob_music (scm_car (s))->set_property ("duration", dur);
                es = ly_append2 (es, postevs);
 
-               $1-> set_property ("elements", es);
-               $$ = $1;
+               m-> set_property ("elements", es);
+               m->set_spot (@$);
+               $$ = m->self_scm ();
        }
        ;
 
-chord_open: '<'
-       ;
-
-chord_close: '>'
-       ;
-
-simul_open: DOUBLE_ANGLE_OPEN
-       ;
-
-simul_close: DOUBLE_ANGLE_CLOSE
-       ;
-
 chord_body:
-       chord_open chord_body_elements chord_close
+       ANGLE_OPEN chord_body_elements ANGLE_CLOSE
        {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
-               $$->set_property ("elements",
-                       scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("event-chord", @$, scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
        }
        ;
 
 chord_body_elements:
        /* empty */             { $$ = SCM_EOL; }
        | chord_body_elements chord_body_element {
-               $$ = scm_cons ($2->self_scm (), $1);
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($2->self_scm ());
+               $$ = scm_cons ($2, $1);
        }
        ;
 
 chord_body_element:
-       pitch  exclamations questions octave_check post_events
+       pitch exclamations questions octave_check post_events
        {
                int q = $3;
                int ex = $2;
                SCM check = $4;
                SCM post = $5;
 
-               Music *n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent");
+               Music *n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent", @$);
                n->set_property ("pitch", $1);
                if (q % 2)
                        n->set_property ("cautionary", SCM_BOOL_T);
@@ -1584,219 +1464,185 @@ chord_body_element:
                if (scm_is_number (check))
                {
                        int q = scm_to_int (check);
-                       n->set_property ("absolute-octave", scm_int2num (q-1));
+                       n->set_property ("absolute-octave", scm_from_int (q-1));
                }
 
-               
-               $$ = n;
+               $$ = n->unprotect ();
        }
        | DRUM_PITCH post_events {
-               Music *n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent");
+               Music *n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent", @$);
                n->set_property ("duration", $2);
                n->set_property ("drum-type", $1);
-               n->set_spot (THIS->here_input ());
 
                if (scm_is_pair ($2)) {
                        SCM arts = scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL);
                        n->set_property ("articulations", arts);
                }
-               $$ = n;
+               $$ = n->unprotect ();
+       }
+       | music_function_chord_body { 
+               $$ = run_music_function (PARSER, $1);
        }
        ;
 
-add_quote:
-       ADDQUOTE string Music {
-               SCM adder = ly_scheme_function ("add-quotable");
-               
-               scm_call_2 (adder, $2, $3->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($3->self_scm ());
+music_function_identifier_musicless_prefix: MUSIC_FUNCTION {
+               SCM sig = scm_object_property (yylval.scm, ly_symbol2scm ("music-function-signature"));
+               if (scm_is_pair (sig) && to_boolean (scm_memq (ly_music_p_proc, scm_cdr (scm_reverse (sig)))))
+               {
+                       PARSER->parser_error (@$, "Music function applied to event may not have a Music argument, except as the last argument.");
+               }
        }
        ;
 
-command_element:
-       command_req {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
-               $$->set_property ("elements", scm_cons ($1->self_scm (), SCM_EOL));
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($1->self_scm ());
+music_function_chord_body:
+       /* We could allow chord functions to have multiple music arguments,
+          but it's more consistent with music_function_event if we
+          prohibit it here too */
+       music_function_identifier_musicless_prefix EXPECT_MUSIC function_arglist_nonmusic chord_body_element {
+               $$ = ly_append2 (scm_list_2 ($1, make_input (@$)), scm_reverse_x ($3, scm_list_1 ($4)));
+       }
+       | music_function_identifier_musicless_prefix function_arglist_nonmusic {
+               $$ = ly_append2 (scm_list_2 ($1, make_input (@$)), scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
+       }
+       ;
 
-               $$-> set_spot (THIS->here_input ());
-               $1-> set_spot (THIS->here_input ());
+music_function_event:
+       /* Post-events can only have the last argument as music, without this
+          restriction we get a shift/reduce conflict from e.g.
+          c8-\partcombine c8 -. */
+       music_function_identifier_musicless_prefix EXPECT_MUSIC function_arglist_nonmusic post_event {
+               $$ = ly_append2 (scm_list_2 ($1, make_input (@$)), scm_reverse_x ($3, scm_list_1 ($4)));
+       }
+       | music_function_identifier_musicless_prefix function_arglist_nonmusic {
+               $$ = ly_append2 (scm_list_2 ($1, make_input (@$)), scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
+       }
+       ;
+
+command_element:
+       command_event {
+               $$ = $1;
        }
        | SKIP duration_length {
-               Music *skip = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("SkipMusic");
-               skip->set_property ("duration", $2);
-
-               $$ = skip;
-       }
-       | OCTAVE { THIS->push_spot (); }
-         pitch {
-               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("RelativeOctaveCheck");
-               $$ = m;
-               $$->set_spot (THIS->pop_spot ());
-               $$->set_property ("pitch", $3);
-       }
-       | E_LEFTSQUARE {
-               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("LigatureEvent");
-               m->set_property ("span-direction", scm_int2num (START));
-               m->set_spot (THIS->here_input ());
-
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
-               $$->set_property ("elements", scm_cons (m->self_scm (), SCM_EOL));
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (m->self_scm ());
-               $$->set_spot (THIS->here_input ());
-       }
-       | E_RIGHTSQUARE {
-               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("LigatureEvent");
-               m->set_property ("span-direction", scm_int2num (STOP));
-               m->set_spot (THIS->here_input ());
-
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
-               $$->set_property ("elements", scm_cons (m->self_scm (), SCM_EOL));
-               $$->set_spot (THIS->here_input ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (m->self_scm ());
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("skip-music", @$, $2);
+       }
+       | E_BRACKET_OPEN {
+               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("LigatureEvent", @$);
+               m->set_property ("span-direction", scm_from_int (START));
+               $$ = m->unprotect();
+       }
+       | E_BRACKET_CLOSE {
+               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("LigatureEvent", @$);
+               m->set_property ("span-direction", scm_from_int (STOP));
+               $$ = m->unprotect ();
        }
        | E_BACKSLASH {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("VoiceSeparator");
-               $$->set_spot (THIS->here_input ());
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("voice-separator", @$, SCM_UNDEFINED);
        }
        | '|'      {
-               SCM pipe =THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pipeSymbol");
+               SCM pipe = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pipeSymbol");
 
-               if (Music * m = unsmob_music (pipe))
-                       $$ = m->clone ();
+               Music *m = unsmob_music (pipe);
+               if (m)
+               {
+                       m = m->clone ();
+                       m->set_spot (@$);
+                       $$ = m->unprotect ();
+               }
                else
-                       $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("BarCheck");
+                       $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("bar-check", @$, SCM_UNDEFINED);
 
-               $$->set_spot (THIS->here_input ());
        }
-       | TRANSPOSITION pitch {
-               Pitch middle_c;
-               Pitch sounds_as_c = pitch_interval (*unsmob_pitch ($2), middle_c);
-               $$ = set_property_music (ly_symbol2scm ("instrumentTransposition"),
-                                        sounds_as_c.smobbed_copy());
-               $$->set_spot (THIS-> here_input ());
-               $$ = context_spec_music (ly_symbol2scm ("Staff"), SCM_UNDEFINED,
-                       $$, SCM_EOL);
-       }
-       | BAR STRING                    {
-               Music *t = set_property_music (ly_symbol2scm ("whichBar"), $2);
-
-               Music *csm = context_spec_music (ly_symbol2scm ("Timing"), SCM_UNDEFINED,
-                                       t, SCM_EOL);
-               $$ = context_spec_music (ly_symbol2scm ("Score"), SCM_UNDEFINED, csm, SCM_EOL);
-               $$->set_spot (THIS->here_input ());
-               t->set_spot (THIS->here_input ());
-       }
-       | PARTIAL duration_length       {
+       | PARTIAL duration_length       {
                Moment m = - unsmob_duration ($2)->get_length ();
-               Music *p = set_property_music (ly_symbol2scm ( "measurePosition"),m.smobbed_copy ());
-               p->set_spot (THIS->here_input ());
-               p = context_spec_music (ly_symbol2scm ("Timing"), SCM_UNDEFINED,
-                                       p, SCM_EOL);
-               p = context_spec_music (ly_symbol2scm ("Score"), SCM_UNDEFINED,
-                                       p, SCM_EOL);
-               $$ = p;
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("property-operation", @$, SCM_BOOL_F, ly_symbol2scm ("Timing"), ly_symbol2scm ("PropertySet"), ly_symbol2scm ("measurePosition"), m.smobbed_copy ());
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("context-specification", @$, ly_symbol2scm ("Score"), SCM_BOOL_F, $$, SCM_EOL, SCM_BOOL_F);
        }
-       | CLEF STRING  {
-               SCM proc = ly_scheme_function ("make-clef-set");
 
-               SCM result = scm_call_1 (proc, $2);
-               scm_gc_protect_object (result);
-               $$ = unsmob_music (result);
-       }
        | TIME_T fraction  {
-               SCM proc= ly_scheme_function ("make-time-signature-set");
+               SCM proc = ly_lily_module_constant ("make-time-signature-set");
 
-               SCM result = scm_apply_2   (proc, scm_car ($2), scm_cdr ($2), SCM_EOL);
-               scm_gc_protect_object (result);
-               $$ = unsmob_music (result);
+               $$ = scm_apply_2   (proc, scm_car ($2), scm_cdr ($2), SCM_EOL);
        }
        | MARK scalar {
-               SCM proc = ly_scheme_function ("make-mark-set");
+               SCM proc = ly_lily_module_constant ("make-mark-set");
 
-               SCM result = scm_call_1 (proc, $2);
-               scm_gc_protect_object (result);
-               $$ = unsmob_music (result);
+               $$ = scm_call_1 (proc, $2);
        }
        ;
 
-command_req:
+command_event:
        E_TILDE {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("PesOrFlexaEvent");
+               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("PesOrFlexaEvent", @$)->unprotect ();
        }
        | MARK DEFAULT  {
-               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("MarkEvent");
-               $$ = m;
+               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("MarkEvent", @$);
+               $$ = m->unprotect ();
        }
        | tempo_event {
                $$ = $1;
        }
        | KEY DEFAULT {
-               Music *key= MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("KeyChangeEvent");
-               $$ = key;
+               Music *key = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("KeyChangeEvent", @$);
+               $$ = key->unprotect ();
        }
        | KEY NOTENAME_PITCH SCM_IDENTIFIER     {
 
-               Music *key= MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("KeyChangeEvent");
+               Music *key = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("KeyChangeEvent", @$);
                if (scm_ilength ($3) > 0)
                {               
                        key->set_property ("pitch-alist", $3);
-                       key->set_property ("tonic", Pitch (0,0,0).smobbed_copy ());
+                       key->set_property ("tonic", Pitch (0, 0, 0).smobbed_copy ());
                        key->transpose (* unsmob_pitch ($2));
                } else {
-                       THIS->parser_error (_ ("Second argument must be pitch list."));
+                       PARSER->parser_error (@3, _ ("second argument must be pitch list"));
                }
 
-               $$ = key;
+               $$ = key->unprotect ();
        }
        ;
 
+
 post_events:
        /* empty */ {
                $$ = SCM_EOL;
        }
        | post_events post_event {
-               $2->set_spot (THIS->here_input ());
-               $$ = scm_cons ($2->self_scm (), $$);
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($2->self_scm ());
-       }
-       | post_events tagged_post_event {
-               $2 -> set_spot (THIS->here_input ());
-               $$ = scm_cons ($2->self_scm (), $$);
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($2->self_scm ());
-       }
-       ;
-
-
-tagged_post_event:
-       '-' TAG embedded_scm post_event {
-               tag_music ($4, $3, THIS->here_input ());
-               $$ = $4;
+               unsmob_music ($2)->set_spot (@2);
+               $$ = scm_cons ($2, $$);
        }
        ;
-
+       
 post_event:
        direction_less_event {
                $$ = $1;
        }
+       | '-' music_function_event {
+               $$ = run_music_function (PARSER, $2);
+       }
        | HYPHEN {
-               if (!THIS->lexer_->is_lyric_state ())
-                       THIS->parser_error (_ ("Have to be in Lyric mode for lyrics"));
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("HyphenEvent");
+               if (!PARSER->lexer_->is_lyric_state ())
+                       PARSER->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Lyric mode for lyrics"));
+               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("HyphenEvent", @$)->unprotect ();
        }
        | EXTENDER {
-               if (!THIS->lexer_->is_lyric_state ())
-                       THIS->parser_error (_ ("Have to be in Lyric mode for lyrics"));
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("ExtenderEvent");
+               if (!PARSER->lexer_->is_lyric_state ())
+                       PARSER->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Lyric mode for lyrics"));
+               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("ExtenderEvent", @$)->unprotect ();
        }
        | script_dir direction_reqd_event {
                if ($1)
-                       $2->set_property ("direction", scm_int2num ($1));
+               {
+                       Music *m = unsmob_music ($2);
+                       m->set_property ("direction", scm_from_int ($1));
+               }
                $$ = $2;
        }
        | script_dir direction_less_event {
                if ($1)
-                       $2->set_property ("direction", scm_int2num ($1));
+               {
+                       Music *m = unsmob_music ($2);
+                       m->set_property ("direction", scm_from_int ($1));
+               }
                $$ = $2;
        }
        | string_number_event
@@ -1804,10 +1650,9 @@ post_event:
 
 string_number_event:
        E_UNSIGNED {
-               Music *s = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("StringNumberEvent");
-               s->set_property ("string-number", scm_int2num ($1));
-               s->set_spot (THIS->here_input ());
-               $$ = s;
+               Music *s = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("StringNumberEvent", @$);
+               s->set_property ("string-number", scm_from_int ($1));
+               $$ = s->unprotect ();
        }
        ;
 
@@ -1836,37 +1681,36 @@ direction_less_char:
        | E_CLOSE  {
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("escapedParenthesisCloseSymbol");
        }
-       | E_BIGGER  {
+       | E_ANGLE_CLOSE  {
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("escapedBiggerSymbol");
        }
-       | E_SMALLER  {
+       | E_ANGLE_OPEN  {
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("escapedSmallerSymbol");
        }
        ;
 
 direction_less_event:
        direction_less_char {
-               SCM predefd = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier_symbol ($1);
-               Music * m = 0;
+               SCM predefd = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier_symbol ($1);
+               Music *m = 0;
                if (unsmob_music (predefd))
                {
                        m = unsmob_music (predefd)->clone ();
+                       m->set_spot (@$);
                }
                else
                {
-                       m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("Music");
+                       m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("Music", @$);
                }
-               m->set_spot (THIS->here_input ());
-               $$ = m;         
+               $$ = m->unprotect ();
        }
        | EVENT_IDENTIFIER      {
-               $$ = unsmob_music ($1);
+               $$ = $1;
        }
        | tremolo_type  {
-               Music *a = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TremoloEvent");
-               a->set_spot (THIS->here_input ());
-               a->set_property ("tremolo-type", scm_int2num ($1));
-               $$ = a;
+               Music *a = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TremoloEvent", @$);
+               a->set_property ("tremolo-type", scm_from_int ($1));
+               $$ = a->unprotect ();
         }
        ;       
        
@@ -1875,20 +1719,20 @@ direction_reqd_event:
                $$ = $1;
        }
        | script_abbreviation {
-               SCM s = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("dash" + ly_scm2string ($1));
-               Music *a = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("ArticulationEvent");
+               SCM s = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("dash" + ly_scm2string ($1));
+               Music *a = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("ArticulationEvent", @$);
                if (scm_is_string (s))
                        a->set_property ("articulation-type", s);
-               else THIS->parser_error (_ ("Expecting string as script definition"));
-               $$ = a;
+               else PARSER->parser_error (@1, _ ("expecting string as script definition"));
+               $$ = a->unprotect ();
        }
        ;
 
 octave_check:
        /**/ { $$ = SCM_EOL; }
-       | '='  { $$ = scm_int2num (0); }
-       | '=' sub_quotes { $$ = scm_int2num ($2); }
-       | '=' sup_quotes { $$ = scm_int2num ($2); }
+       | '='  { $$ = scm_from_int (0); }
+       | '=' sub_quotes { $$ = scm_from_int (-$2); }
+       | '=' sup_quotes { $$ = scm_from_int ($2); }
        ;
 
 sup_quotes:
@@ -1939,7 +1783,7 @@ steno_tonic_pitch:
                $$ = p.smobbed_copy ();
        }
        | TONICNAME_PITCH sub_quotes     {
-               Pitch p =unsmob_pitch ($1);
+               Pitch p = *unsmob_pitch ($1);
 
                p = p.transposed (Pitch (-$2,0,0));
                $$ = p.smobbed_copy ();
@@ -1959,48 +1803,44 @@ pitch_also_in_chords:
 
 gen_text_def:
        full_markup {
-               Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TextScriptEvent");
+               Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TextScriptEvent", @$);
                t->set_property ("text", $1);
-               t->set_spot (THIS->here_input ());
-               $$ = t; 
+               $$ = t->unprotect ();
        }
        | string {
-               Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TextScriptEvent");
+               Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TextScriptEvent", @$);
                t->set_property ("text",
-                       make_simple_markup (THIS->lexer_->encoding (), $1));
-               t->set_spot (THIS->here_input ());
-               $$ = t;
-       
+                       make_simple_markup ($1));
+               $$ = t->unprotect ();
        }
        | DIGIT {
-               Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("FingerEvent");
-               t->set_property ("digit", scm_int2num ($1));
-               t->set_spot (THIS->here_input ());
-               $$ = t;
+               Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("FingeringEvent", @$);
+               t->set_property ("digit", scm_from_int ($1));
+               $$ = t->unprotect ();
        }
        ;
 
 script_abbreviation:
        '^'             {
-               $$ = scm_makfrom0str ("Hat");
+               $$ = scm_from_locale_string ("Hat");
        }
        | '+'           {
-               $$ = scm_makfrom0str ("Plus");
+               $$ = scm_from_locale_string ("Plus");
        }
        | '-'           {
-               $$ = scm_makfrom0str ("Dash");
+               $$ = scm_from_locale_string ("Dash");
        }
        | '|'           {
-               $$ = scm_makfrom0str ("Bar");
+               $$ = scm_from_locale_string ("Bar");
        }
-       | '>'           {
-               $$ = scm_makfrom0str ("Larger");
+       | ANGLE_CLOSE   {
+               $$ = scm_from_locale_string ("Larger");
        }
        | '.'           {
-               $$ = scm_makfrom0str ("Dot");
+               $$ = scm_from_locale_string ("Dot");
        }
        | '_' {
-               $$ = scm_makfrom0str ("Underscore");
+               $$ = scm_from_locale_string ("Underscore");
        }
        ;
 
@@ -2025,16 +1865,12 @@ duration_length:
 
 optional_notemode_duration:
        {
-               Duration dd = THIS->default_duration_;
+               Duration dd = PARSER->default_duration_;
                $$ = dd.smobbed_copy ();
-
-               THIS->beam_check ($$);
        }
        | multiplied_duration   {
                $$ = $1;
-               THIS->default_duration_ = *unsmob_duration ($$);
-
-               THIS->beam_check ($$);
+               PARSER->default_duration_ = *unsmob_duration ($$);
        }
        ;
 
@@ -2042,7 +1878,7 @@ steno_duration:
        bare_unsigned dots              {
                int len = 0;
                if (!is_duration ($1))
-                       THIS->parser_error (_f ("not a duration: %d", $1));
+                       PARSER->parser_error (@1, _f ("not a duration: %d", $1));
                else
                        len = intlog2 ($1);
 
@@ -2073,7 +1909,7 @@ multiplied_duration:
 fraction:
        FRACTION { $$ = $1; }
        | UNSIGNED '/' UNSIGNED {
-               $$ = scm_cons (scm_int2num ($1), scm_int2num ($3));
+               $$ = scm_cons (scm_from_int ($1), scm_from_int ($3));
        }
        ;
 
@@ -2092,69 +1928,103 @@ tremolo_type:
        }
        | ':' bare_unsigned {
                if (!is_duration ($2))
-                       THIS->parser_error (_f ("not a duration: %d", $2));
+                       PARSER->parser_error (@2, _f ("not a duration: %d", $2));
                $$ = $2;
        }
        ;
 
 bass_number:
        DIGIT   {
-               $$ = scm_number_to_string (scm_int2num ($1), scm_int2num (10));
-               $$ = scm_list_2 (ly_scheme_function ("number-markup"),
-                               $$);
+               $$ = scm_from_int ($1);
        }
        | UNSIGNED {
-               $$ = scm_number_to_string (scm_int2num ($1), scm_int2num (10));
-               $$ = scm_list_2 (ly_scheme_function ("number-markup"),
-                               $$);
+               $$ = scm_from_int ($1);
        }
        | STRING { $$ = $1; }
+       | full_markup { $$ = $1; }
        ;
 
-bass_mod:
-       '-'     { $$ = -2; }
-       | '+'   { $$ = 2; }
-       | '!'   { $$ = 0; }
+figured_bass_alteration:
+       '-'     { $$ = ly_rational2scm (FLAT_ALTERATION); }
+       | '+'   { $$ = ly_rational2scm (SHARP_ALTERATION); }
+       | '!'   { $$ = scm_from_int (0); }
        ;
 
 bass_figure:
        FIGURE_SPACE {
-               Music *bfr = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("BassFigureEvent");
-               $$ = bfr->self_scm ();
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($$);
+               Music *bfr = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("BassFigureEvent", @$);
+               $$ = bfr->unprotect ();
        }
        | bass_number  {
-               Music *bfr = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("BassFigureEvent");
+               Music *bfr = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("BassFigureEvent", @$);
                $$ = bfr->self_scm ();
 
-               bfr->set_property ("figure", $1);
+               if (scm_is_number ($1))
+                       bfr->set_property ("figure", $1);
+               else if (Text_interface::is_markup ($1))
+                       bfr->set_property ("text", $1);
 
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($$);
+               bfr->unprotect ();
+       }
+       | bass_figure ']' {
+               $$ = $1;
+               unsmob_music ($1)->set_property ("bracket-stop", SCM_BOOL_T);
        }
-       | bass_figure bass_mod {
+       | bass_figure figured_bass_alteration {
                Music *m = unsmob_music ($1);
-               if ($2) {
+               if (scm_to_double ($2)) {
                        SCM salter = m->get_property ("alteration");
-                       int alter = scm_is_number (salter) ? scm_to_int (salter) : 0;
+                       SCM alter = scm_is_number (salter) ? salter : scm_from_int (0);
                        m->set_property ("alteration",
-                               scm_int2num (alter + $2));
+                                        scm_sum (alter, $2));
                } else {
-                       m->set_property ("alteration", scm_int2num (0));
+                       m->set_property ("alteration", scm_from_int (0));
                }
        }
+       | bass_figure figured_bass_modification  {
+               Music *m = unsmob_music ($1);
+               if ($2 == ly_symbol2scm ("plus"))
+                       {
+                       m->set_property ("augmented", SCM_BOOL_T);
+                       }
+               else if ($2 == ly_symbol2scm ("slash"))
+                       {
+                       m->set_property ("diminished", SCM_BOOL_T);
+                       }
+               else if ($2 == ly_symbol2scm ("exclamation"))
+                       {
+                       m->set_property ("no-continuation", SCM_BOOL_T);
+                       }
+               else if ($2 == ly_symbol2scm ("backslash"))
+                       {
+                       m->set_property ("augmented-slash", SCM_BOOL_T);
+                       }
+       }
        ;
 
-br_bass_figure:
-       '[' bass_figure {
-               $$ = $2;
-               unsmob_music ($$)->set_property ("bracket-start", SCM_BOOL_T);
+
+figured_bass_modification:
+       E_PLUS          {
+               $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("plus");
        }
-       | bass_figure   {
-               $$ = $1;
+       | E_EXCLAMATION {
+               $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("exclamation");
+       }
+       | '/'           {
+               $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("slash");
+       }
+       | E_BACKSLASH {
+               $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("backslash");
        }
-       | br_bass_figure ']' {
+       ;
+
+br_bass_figure:
+       bass_figure {
                $$ = $1;
-               unsmob_music ($1)->set_property ("bracket-stop", SCM_BOOL_T);
+       }
+       | '[' bass_figure {
+               $$ = $2;
+               unsmob_music ($$)->set_property ("bracket-start", SCM_BOOL_T);
        }
        ;
 
@@ -2169,10 +2039,7 @@ figure_list:
 
 figure_spec:
        FIGURE_OPEN figure_list FIGURE_CLOSE {
-               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
-               $2 = scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL);
-               m->set_property ("elements", $2);
-               $$ = m->self_scm ();
+               $$ = scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL);
        }
        ;
 
@@ -2184,16 +2051,14 @@ optional_rest:
 
 simple_element:
        pitch exclamations questions octave_check optional_notemode_duration optional_rest {
-
-               Input i = THIS->pop_spot ();
-               if (!THIS->lexer_->is_note_state ())
-                       THIS->parser_error (_ ("Have to be in Note mode for notes"));
+               if (!PARSER->lexer_->is_note_state ())
+                       PARSER->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Note mode for notes"));
 
                Music *n = 0;
                if ($6)
-                       n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("RestEvent");
+                       n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("RestEvent", @$);
                else
-                       n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent");
+                       n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent", @$);
                
                n->set_property ("pitch", $1);
                n->set_property ("duration", $5);
@@ -2201,7 +2066,7 @@ simple_element:
                if (scm_is_number ($4))
                {
                        int q = scm_to_int ($4);
-                       n->set_property ("absolute-octave", scm_int2num (q-1));
+                       n->set_property ("absolute-octave", scm_from_int (q-1));
                }
 
                if ($3 % 2)
@@ -2209,111 +2074,73 @@ simple_element:
                if ($2 % 2 || $3 % 2)
                        n->set_property ("force-accidental", SCM_BOOL_T);
 
-               Music *v = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
-               v->set_property ("elements", scm_list_1 (n->self_scm ()));
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (n->self_scm ());
-
-               v->set_spot (i);
-               n->set_spot (i);
-               $$ = v;
+               $$ = n->unprotect ();
        }
        | DRUM_PITCH optional_notemode_duration {
-               Input i = THIS->pop_spot ();
-
-               Music *n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent");
+               Music *n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent", @$);
                n->set_property ("duration", $2);
                n->set_property ("drum-type", $1);
 
-               Music *v = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
-               v->set_property ("elements", scm_list_1 (n->self_scm ()));
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (n->self_scm ());
-               v->set_spot (i);
-               n->set_spot (i);
-               $$ = v;
-               
+               $$ = n->unprotect ();           
        }
-       | figure_spec optional_notemode_duration {
-               Music *m = unsmob_music ($1);
-               Input i = THIS->pop_spot ();
-               m->set_spot (i);
-               for (SCM s = m->get_property ("elements"); scm_is_pair (s); s = scm_cdr (s))
-               {
-                       unsmob_music (scm_car (s))->set_property ("duration", $2);
-               }
-               $$ = m;
-       }       
        | RESTNAME optional_notemode_duration           {
-
-               Input i = THIS->pop_spot ();
                Music *ev = 0;
                if (ly_scm2string ($1) == "s") {
                        /* Space */
-                       ev = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("SkipEvent");
+                       ev = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("SkipEvent", @$);
                  }
                else {
-                       ev = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("RestEvent");
+                       ev = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("RestEvent", @$);
                
                    }
                ev->set_property ("duration", $2);
-               ev->set_spot (i);
-               Music *velt = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
-               velt->set_property ("elements", scm_list_1 (ev->self_scm ()));
-               velt->set_spot (i);
-
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (ev->self_scm ());
-
-               $$ = velt;
-       }
-       | MULTI_MEASURE_REST optional_notemode_duration         {
-               THIS->pop_spot ();
-
-               SCM proc = ly_scheme_function ("make-multi-measure-rest");
-               SCM mus = scm_call_2 (proc, $2,
-                       make_input (THIS->here_input ()));      
-               scm_gc_protect_object (mus);
-               $$ = unsmob_music (mus);
+               $$ = ev->unprotect ();
        }
-       
        | lyric_element optional_notemode_duration      {
-               Input i = THIS->pop_spot ();
-               if (!THIS->lexer_->is_lyric_state ())
-                       THIS->parser_error (_ ("Have to be in Lyric mode for lyrics"));
-
-               Music *lreq = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("LyricEvent");
-                lreq->set_property ("text", $1);
-               lreq->set_property ("duration",$2);
-               lreq->set_spot (i);
-               Music *velt = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
-               velt->set_property ("elements", scm_list_1 (lreq->self_scm ()));
+               if (!PARSER->lexer_->is_lyric_state ())
+                       PARSER->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Lyric mode for lyrics"));
 
-               $$= velt;
+               Music *levent = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("LyricEvent", @$);
+               levent->set_property ("text", $1);
+               levent->set_property ("duration",$2);
+               $$= levent->unprotect ();
        }
-       | new_chord {
-               THIS->pop_spot ();
+       ;
 
-                if (!THIS->lexer_->is_chord_state ())
-                        THIS->parser_error (_ ("Have to be in Chord mode for chords"));
-                $$ = unsmob_music ($1);
+simple_chord_elements:
+       simple_element  {
+               $$ = scm_list_1 ($1);
+       }       
+       | new_chord {
+                if (!PARSER->lexer_->is_chord_state ())
+                        PARSER->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Chord mode for chords"));
+                $$ = $1;
        }
+       | figure_spec optional_notemode_duration {
+               for (SCM s = $1; scm_is_pair (s); s = scm_cdr (s))
+               {
+                       unsmob_music (scm_car (s))->set_property ("duration", $2);
+               }
+               $$ = $1;
+       }       
        ;
 
 lyric_element:
-       /* FIXME: lyric flavoured markup would be better */
-       full_markup {
+       lyric_markup {
                $$ = $1;
        }
        | LYRICS_STRING {
-               $$ = make_simple_markup (THIS->lexer_->encoding (), $1);
+               $$ = $1;
        }
        ;
 
 new_chord:
        steno_tonic_pitch optional_notemode_duration   {
-               $$ = make_chord ($1, $2, SCM_EOL);
+               $$ = make_chord_elements ($1, $2, SCM_EOL);
        }
        | steno_tonic_pitch optional_notemode_duration chord_separator chord_items {
                SCM its = scm_reverse_x ($4, SCM_EOL);
-               $$ = make_chord ($1, $2, scm_cons ($3, its));
+               $$ = make_chord_elements ($1, $2, scm_cons ($3, its));
        }
        ;
 
@@ -2365,10 +2192,10 @@ step_number:
                $$ = make_chord_step ($1, 0);
         }
        | bare_unsigned '+' {
-               $$ = make_chord_step ($1, SHARP);
+               $$ = make_chord_step ($1, SHARP_ALTERATION);
        }
        | bare_unsigned CHORD_MINUS {
-               $$ = make_chord_step ($1, FLAT);
+               $$ = make_chord_step ($1, FLAT_ALTERATION);
        }
        ;       
 
@@ -2410,7 +2237,7 @@ number_factor:
 
 bare_number:
        UNSIGNED        {
-               $$ = scm_int2num ($1);
+               $$ = scm_from_int ($1);
        }
        | REAL          {
                $$ = $1;
@@ -2419,10 +2246,10 @@ bare_number:
                $$ = $1;
        }
        | REAL NUMBER_IDENTIFIER        {
-               $$ = scm_make_real (scm_to_double ($1) *scm_to_double ($2));
+               $$ = scm_from_double (scm_to_double ($1) *scm_to_double ($2));
        }
        | UNSIGNED NUMBER_IDENTIFIER    {
-               $$ = scm_make_real ($1 *scm_to_double ($2));
+               $$ = scm_from_double ($1 *scm_to_double ($2));
        }
        ;
 
@@ -2436,22 +2263,13 @@ bare_unsigned:
        }
        ;
 
-bare_int:
-       bare_number {
-               if (scm_integer_p ($1) == SCM_BOOL_T)
-               {
-                       int k = scm_to_int ($1);
-                       $$ = k;
-               } else
-               {
-                       THIS->parser_error (_ ("need integer number arg"));
-                       $$ = 0;
-               }
-       }
-       | '-' bare_int {
-               $$ = -$2;
+unsigned_number:
+       bare_unsigned  { $$ = scm_from_int ($1); }
+       | NUMBER_IDENTIFIER {
+               $$ = $1;
        }
        ;
+       
 
 exclamations:
                { $$ = 0; }
@@ -2467,36 +2285,66 @@ questions:
 This should be done more dynamically if possible.
 */
 
+lyric_markup:
+       LYRIC_MARKUP_IDENTIFIER {
+               $$ = $1;
+       }
+       | LYRIC_MARKUP
+               { PARSER->lexer_->push_markup_state (); }
+       markup_top {
+               $$ = $3;
+               PARSER->lexer_->pop_state ();
+       }
+       ;
+
+full_markup_list:
+       MARKUPLINES
+               { PARSER->lexer_->push_markup_state (); }
+       markup_list {
+               $$ = $3;
+               PARSER->lexer_->pop_state ();
+       }
+       ;
+
 full_markup:
        MARKUP_IDENTIFIER {
                $$ = $1;
        }
        | MARKUP
-               { THIS->lexer_->push_markup_state (); }
+               { PARSER->lexer_->push_markup_state (); }
        markup_top {
                $$ = $3;
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->pop_state ();
        }
        ;
 
 markup_top:
-       markup_composed_list { 
-               $$ = scm_list_2 (ly_scheme_function ("line-markup"),  $1); 
+       markup_list { 
+               $$ = scm_list_2 (ly_lily_module_constant ("line-markup"),  $1); 
        }
        | markup_head_1_list simple_markup      {
-               $$ = scm_car (scm_call_2 (ly_scheme_function ("map-markup-command-list"), $1, scm_list_1 ($2)));
+               $$ = scm_car (scm_call_2 (ly_lily_module_constant ("map-markup-command-list"), $1, scm_list_1 ($2)));
        }
        | simple_markup {
                $$ = $1;
        }
-       | markup_braced_list    {
-               $$ = scm_list_2 (ly_scheme_function ("line-markup"), $1);
+       ;
+
+markup_list:
+       markup_composed_list {
+               $$ = $1;
+       }
+       | markup_braced_list {
+               $$ = $1;
+       }
+       | markup_command_list {
+               $$ = scm_list_1 ($1);
        }
        ;
 
 markup_composed_list:
        markup_head_1_list markup_braced_list {
-               $$ = scm_call_2 (ly_scheme_function ("map-markup-command-list"), $1, $2);
+               $$ = scm_call_2 (ly_lily_module_constant ("map-markup-command-list"), $1, $2);
                
        }
        ;
@@ -2508,15 +2356,33 @@ markup_braced_list:
        ;
 
 markup_braced_list_body:
-       /* empty */     {  $$ = scm_list (SCM_EOL); }
+       /* empty */     {  $$ = SCM_EOL; }
        | markup_braced_list_body markup {
                $$ = scm_cons ($2, $1);
        }
-       | markup_braced_list_body markup_composed_list {
+       | markup_braced_list_body markup_list {
                $$ = scm_append_x (scm_list_2 (scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL), $1));
        }
        ;
 
+markup_command_list:
+       MARKUP_LIST_HEAD_EMPTY  {
+               $$ = scm_list_1 ($1);
+       }
+       | MARKUP_LIST_HEAD_LIST0 markup_list    {
+               $$ = scm_list_2 ($1, $2);
+       }
+       | MARKUP_LIST_HEAD_SCM0 embedded_scm    {
+               $$ = scm_list_2 ($1, $2);
+       }
+       | MARKUP_LIST_HEAD_SCM0_LIST1 embedded_scm markup_list  {
+               $$ = scm_list_3 ($1, $2, $3);
+       }
+       | MARKUP_LIST_HEAD_SCM0_SCM1_LIST2 embedded_scm embedded_scm markup_list        {
+               $$ = scm_list_4 ($1, $2, $3, $4);
+       }
+       ;
+
 markup_head_1_item:
        MARKUP_HEAD_MARKUP0     {
                $$ = scm_list_1 ($1);
@@ -2540,22 +2406,25 @@ markup_head_1_list:
 
 simple_markup:
        STRING {
-               $$ = make_simple_markup (THIS->lexer_->encoding (), $1);
+               $$ = make_simple_markup ($1);
        }
        | MARKUP_IDENTIFIER {
                $$ = $1;
        }
+       | LYRIC_MARKUP_IDENTIFIER {
+               $$ = $1;
+       }
        | STRING_IDENTIFIER {
                $$ = $1;
        }
        | SCORE {
-               SCM nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
-               THIS->lexer_->push_note_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
+               SCM nn = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
+               PARSER->lexer_->push_note_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
        } '{' score_body '}' {
                Score * sc = $4;
-               $$ = scm_list_2 (ly_scheme_function ("score-markup"), sc->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (sc->self_scm ());
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               $$ = scm_list_2 (ly_lily_module_constant ("score-markup"), sc->self_scm ());
+               sc->unprotect ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->pop_state ();
        }
        | MARKUP_HEAD_SCM0 embedded_scm {
                $$ = scm_list_2 ($1, $2);
@@ -2566,10 +2435,16 @@ simple_markup:
        | MARKUP_HEAD_SCM0_SCM1 embedded_scm embedded_scm {
                $$ = scm_list_3 ($1, $2, $3);
        }
+       | MARKUP_HEAD_SCM0_MARKUP1_MARKUP2 embedded_scm markup markup {
+               $$ = scm_list_4 ($1, $2, $3, $4);
+       }
+       | MARKUP_HEAD_SCM0_SCM1_MARKUP2_MARKUP3 embedded_scm embedded_scm markup markup {
+               $$ = scm_list_5 ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5);
+       }
        | MARKUP_HEAD_EMPTY {
                $$ = scm_list_1 ($1);
        }
-       | MARKUP_HEAD_LIST0 markup_braced_list {
+       | MARKUP_HEAD_LIST0 markup_list {
                $$ = scm_list_2 ($1,$2);
        }
        | MARKUP_HEAD_MARKUP0_MARKUP1 markup markup {
@@ -2579,24 +2454,20 @@ simple_markup:
        
 markup:
        markup_head_1_list simple_markup        {
-               $$ = scm_car (scm_call_2 (ly_scheme_function ("map-markup-command-list"), $1, scm_list_1 ($2)));
+               SCM mapper = ly_lily_module_constant ("map-markup-command-list");
+               $$ = scm_car (scm_call_2 (mapper, $1, scm_list_1 ($2)));
        }
        | simple_markup {
                $$ = $1;
        }
-       | markup_braced_list {
-               $$ = scm_list_2 (ly_scheme_function ("line-markup"), $1);
-       }
        ;
 
 %%
 
 void
-Lily_parser::set_yydebug (bool )
+Lily_parser::set_yydebug (bool x)
 {
-#if 0
-       yydebug = 1;
-#endif
+       yydebug = x;
 }
 
 void
@@ -2606,29 +2477,6 @@ Lily_parser::do_yyparse ()
 }
 
 
-/*
-Should make this optional?    It will also complain when you do
-
-       [s4]
-
-which is entirely legitimate.
-
-Or we can scrap it. Barchecks should detect wrong durations, and
-skipTypesetting speeds it up a lot.
-*/
-
-void
-Lily_parser::beam_check (SCM dur)
-{
-  Duration *d = unsmob_duration (dur);
-  if (unsmob_music (last_beam_start_) && d->duration_log () <= 2)
-    {
-      Music *m = unsmob_music (last_beam_start_);
-      m->origin ()->warning (_ ("Suspect duration found following this beam"));
-    }
-  last_beam_start_ = SCM_EOL;
-}
-
 
 
 
@@ -2644,126 +2492,206 @@ Lily_lexer::try_special_identifiers (SCM *destination, SCM sid)
        if (scm_is_string (sid)) {
                *destination = sid;
                return STRING_IDENTIFIER;
+       } else if (unsmob_book (sid)) {
+               Book *book =  unsmob_book (sid)->clone ();
+               *destination = book->self_scm ();
+               book->unprotect ();
+
+               return BOOK_IDENTIFIER;
        } else if (scm_is_number (sid)) {
                *destination = sid;
                return NUMBER_IDENTIFIER;
        } else if (unsmob_context_def (sid)) {
-               *destination = unsmob_context_def (sid)->clone_scm ();
+               Context_def *def= unsmob_context_def (sid)->clone ();
+
+               *destination = def->self_scm ();
+               def->unprotect ();
+               
                return CONTEXT_DEF_IDENTIFIER;
        } else if (unsmob_score (sid)) {
                Score *score = new Score (*unsmob_score (sid));
                *destination = score->self_scm ();
+
+               score->unprotect ();
                return SCORE_IDENTIFIER;
        } else if (Music *mus = unsmob_music (sid)) {
                mus = mus->clone ();
                *destination = mus->self_scm ();
                unsmob_music (*destination)->
                        set_property ("origin", make_input (last_input_));
-               return dynamic_cast<Event*> (mus)
-                       ? EVENT_IDENTIFIER : MUSIC_IDENTIFIER;
+
+               bool is_event = scm_memq (ly_symbol2scm ("event"), mus->get_property ("types"))
+                       != SCM_BOOL_F;
+
+               mus->unprotect ();
+               return is_event ? EVENT_IDENTIFIER : MUSIC_IDENTIFIER;
        } else if (unsmob_duration (sid)) {
                *destination = unsmob_duration (sid)->smobbed_copy ();
                return DURATION_IDENTIFIER;
        } else if (unsmob_output_def (sid)) {
                Output_def *p = unsmob_output_def (sid);
                p = p->clone ();
-
+       
                *destination = p->self_scm ();
+               p->unprotect ();
                return OUTPUT_DEF_IDENTIFIER;
-       } else if (Text_interface::markup_p (sid)) {
+       } else if (Text_interface::is_markup (sid)) {
                *destination = sid;
+               if (is_lyric_state ())
+                       return LYRIC_MARKUP_IDENTIFIER;
                return MARKUP_IDENTIFIER;
        }
 
        return -1;      
 }
 
-Music *
-property_op_to_music (SCM op)
+SCM
+get_next_unique_context_id ()
 {
-       Music *m = 0;
-       SCM tag = scm_car (op);
-       SCM symbol = scm_cadr (op);
-       SCM args = scm_cddr (op);
-       SCM grob_val = SCM_UNDEFINED;
-       SCM grob_sym = SCM_UNDEFINED;
-       SCM val = SCM_UNDEFINED;
-       
-       if (tag == ly_symbol2scm ("assign"))
-               {
-               m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("PropertySet");
-               val = scm_car (args);
-               }
-       else if (tag == ly_symbol2scm ("unset"))
-               m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("PropertyUnset");
-       else if (tag == ly_symbol2scm ("poppush")
-                || tag == ly_symbol2scm ("push"))
-               {
-               m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("OverrideProperty");
-               grob_sym = scm_car (args);
-               grob_val = scm_cadr (args);
-               }
-       else if (tag == ly_symbol2scm ("pop")) {
-               m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("RevertProperty");
-               grob_sym = scm_car (args);
-               }
+       return scm_from_locale_string ("$uniqueContextId");
+}
+
 
-       m->set_property ("symbol", symbol);
+SCM
+get_next_unique_lyrics_context_id ()
+{
+       static int new_context_count;
+       char s[128];
+       snprintf (s, sizeof (s)-1, "uniqueContext%d", new_context_count++);
+       return scm_from_locale_string (s);
+}
 
-       if (val != SCM_UNDEFINED)
-               m->set_property ("value", val);
-       if (grob_val != SCM_UNDEFINED)
-               m->set_property ("grob-value", grob_val);
 
-       if (grob_sym != SCM_UNDEFINED)
-               {
-               bool itc = internal_type_checking_global_b;
-               /* UGH.
-               */
-               bool autobeam = ly_c_equal_p (symbol, ly_symbol2scm ("autoBeamSettings"));
-               if (autobeam)
-                       internal_type_checking_global_b = false;
-               m->set_property ("grob-property", grob_sym);
-               if (autobeam)
-                       internal_type_checking_global_b = itc;
-               }
+SCM
+run_music_function (Lily_parser *parser, SCM expr)
+{
+       SCM func = scm_car (expr);
+       Input *loc = unsmob_input (scm_cadr (expr));
+       SCM args = scm_cddr (expr);
+       SCM sig = scm_object_property (func, ly_symbol2scm ("music-function-signature"));
+
+       SCM type_check_proc = ly_lily_module_constant ("type-check-list");
+
+       if (!to_boolean (scm_call_3  (type_check_proc, scm_cadr (expr), sig, args)))
+       {
+               parser->error_level_ = 1;
+               return LOWLEVEL_MAKE_SYNTAX (ly_lily_module_constant ("void-music"), scm_list_2 (parser->self_scm (), make_input (*loc)));
+       }
+
+       SCM syntax_args = scm_list_4 (parser->self_scm (), make_input (*loc), func, args);
+       return LOWLEVEL_MAKE_SYNTAX (ly_lily_module_constant ("music-function"), syntax_args);
+}
+
+bool
+is_regular_identifier (SCM id)
+{
+  string str = ly_scm2string (id);
+  char const *s = str.c_str ();
+
+  bool v = true;
+#if 0
+  isalpha (*s);
+  s++;
+#endif
+  while (*s && v)
+   {
+        v = v && isalnum (*s);
+        s++;
+   }
+  return v;
+}
+
+Music *
+make_music_with_input (SCM name, Input where)
+{
+       Music *m = make_music_by_name (name);
+       m->set_spot (where);
+       return m;
+}
 
-       if (tag == ly_symbol2scm ("poppush"))
-               m->set_property ("pop-first", SCM_BOOL_T);
+SCM
+get_first_context_id (SCM type, Music *m)
+{
+       SCM id = m->get_property ("context-id");
+       if (SCM_BOOL_T == scm_equal_p (m->get_property ("context-type"), type)
+           && scm_is_string (m->get_property ("context-id"))
+           && scm_c_string_length (id) > 0)
+       {
+               return id;
+       }
+       return SCM_EOL;
+}
 
+SCM
+make_simple_markup (SCM a)
+{
+       return a;
+}
 
-       return m;
+bool
+is_duration (int t)
+{
+  return t && t == 1 << intlog2 (t);
 }
 
-Music*
-context_spec_music (SCM type, SCM id, Music *m, SCM ops)
+void
+set_music_properties (Music *p, SCM a)
 {
-       Music *csm = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("ContextSpeccedMusic");
+  for (SCM k = a; scm_is_pair (k); k = scm_cdr (k))
+       p->set_property (scm_caar (k), scm_cdar (k));
+}
 
-       csm->set_property ("element", m->self_scm ());
-       scm_gc_unprotect_object (m->self_scm ());
 
-       csm->set_property ("context-type",
-               scm_is_symbol (type) ? type : scm_string_to_symbol (type));
-       csm->set_property ("property-operations", ops);
+SCM
+make_chord_step (int step, Rational alter)
+{
+       if (step == 7)
+               alter += FLAT_ALTERATION;
 
-       if (scm_is_string (id))
-               csm->set_property ("context-id", id);
-       return csm;
+       while (step < 0)
+               step += 7;
+       Pitch m ((step -1) / 7, (step - 1) % 7, alter);
+       return m.smobbed_copy ();
 }
 
+
 SCM
-get_next_unique_context_id ()
+make_chord_elements (SCM pitch, SCM dur, SCM modification_list)
 {
-       return scm_makfrom0str ("$uniqueContextId");
+       SCM chord_ctor = ly_lily_module_constant ("construct-chord-elements");
+       return scm_call_3 (chord_ctor, pitch, dur, modification_list);
 }
 
 
+/* Todo: actually also use apply iso. call too ...  */
+bool
+ly_input_procedure_p (SCM x)
+{
+       return ly_is_procedure (x)
+               || (scm_is_pair (x) && ly_is_procedure (scm_car (x)));
+}
+
 SCM
-get_next_unique_lyrics_context_id ()
+make_music_relative (Pitch start, SCM music, Input loc)
 {
-       static int new_context_count;
-       char s[128];
-       snprintf (s, 1024, "uniqueContext%d", new_context_count++);
-       return scm_makfrom0str (s);
+       Music *relative = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("RelativeOctaveMusic", loc);
+       relative->set_property ("element", music);
+       
+       Music *m = unsmob_music (music);
+       Pitch last = m->to_relative_octave (start);
+       if (lily_1_8_relative)
+               m->set_property ("last-pitch", last.smobbed_copy ());
+       return relative->unprotect ();
+}
+
+int
+yylex (YYSTYPE *s, YYLTYPE *loc, void *v)
+{
+       Lily_parser *pars = (Lily_parser*) v;
+       Lily_lexer *lex = pars->lexer_;
+
+       lex->lexval = (void*) s;
+       lex->lexloc = loc;
+       lex->prepare_for_next_token ();
+       return lex->yylex ();
 }