]> git.donarmstrong.com Git - lilypond.git/blobdiff - lily/parser.yy
Replace WORD token in parser and lexer with SYMBOL
[lilypond.git] / lily / parser.yy
index d9b4931a15282b99dd7d97572da6d28fa3e1cc74..f81dc69e9b56faa2e82b4052f86448b492c1a347 100644 (file)
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /*
   This file is part of LilyPond, the GNU music typesetter.
 
-  Copyright (C) 1997--2012 Han-Wen Nienhuys <hanwen@xs4all.nl>
+  Copyright (C) 1997--2015 Han-Wen Nienhuys <hanwen@xs4all.nl>
                  Jan Nieuwenhuizen <janneke@gnu.org>
 
   LilyPond is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 #define YYLLOC_DEFAULT(Current,Rhs,N) \
        ((Current).set_location ((Rhs)[1], (Rhs)[N]))
 
-#define YYPRINT(file, type, value)                                      \
-        do {                                                            \
-                if (scm_is_eq (value, SCM_UNSPECIFIED))                 \
-                        break;                                          \
-                char *p = scm_to_locale_string                          \
-                        (scm_simple_format (SCM_BOOL_F,                 \
-                                            scm_from_locale_string ("~S"), \
-                                            scm_list_1 (value)));       \
-                fputs (p, file);                                        \
-                free (p);                                               \
-        } while (0)
+#define YYPRINT(file, type, value)                                     \
+       do {                                                            \
+               if (scm_is_eq (value, SCM_UNSPECIFIED))                 \
+                       break;                                          \
+               SCM s = Display::value_to_lily_string (value);          \
+               char *p = scm_to_locale_string (s);                     \
+               fputs (p, file);                                        \
+               free (p);                                               \
+       } while (0)
 
 %}
 
@@ -80,33 +78,17 @@ or
 %nonassoc COMPOSITE
 %left ADDLYRICS
 
- /* ADDLYRICS needs to have lower precedence than argument scanning,
-  * or we won't be able to tell music apart from closed_music without
-  * lookahead in the context of function calls.
-  */
+%right ':' UNSIGNED REAL E_UNSIGNED EVENT_IDENTIFIER EVENT_FUNCTION '^' '_'
+       HYPHEN EXTENDER DURATION_IDENTIFIER '!'
 
-%nonassoc DEFAULT
-
- /* \default is only applied after exhausting function arguments */
-
-%nonassoc FUNCTION_ARGLIST
-
- /* expressions with units are permitted into argument lists */
-
-%right PITCH_IDENTIFIER NOTENAME_PITCH TONICNAME_PITCH
-      UNSIGNED REAL DURATION_IDENTIFIER ':'
-
- /* The above are the symbols that can start optional function arguments
-    that are recognized in the grammar rather than by predicate
+ /* The above are needed for collecting tremoli and other items (that
+    could otherwise be interpreted as belonging to the next function
+    argument) greedily, and together with the next rule will serve to
+    join numbers and units greedily instead of allowing them into
+    separate function arguments
  */
 
-%nonassoc NUMBER_IDENTIFIER '/'
-
- /* Number-unit expressions, where permitted, are concatenated into
-  * function arguments, just like fractions and tremoli.  Tremoli must
-  * not have higher precedence than UNSIGNED, or Lilypond will not
-  * join ':' with a following optional number.
-  */
+%nonassoc NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
 
 %left PREC_TOP
 
@@ -137,6 +119,7 @@ FIXME:
 using namespace std;
 
 #include "book.hh"
+#include "context.hh"
 #include "context-def.hh"
 #include "context-mod.hh"
 #include "dimensions.hh"
@@ -146,6 +129,7 @@ using namespace std;
 #include "lily-guile.hh"
 #include "lily-lexer.hh"
 #include "lily-parser.hh"
+#include "ly-module.hh"
 #include "main.hh"
 #include "misc.hh"
 #include "music.hh"
@@ -155,6 +139,7 @@ using namespace std;
 #include "score.hh"
 #include "text-interface.hh"
 #include "warn.hh"
+#include "lily-imports.hh"
 
 void
 Lily_parser::parser_error (Input const *i, Lily_parser *parser, SCM *, const string &s)
@@ -162,32 +147,36 @@ Lily_parser::parser_error (Input const *i, Lily_parser *parser, SCM *, const str
        parser->parser_error (*i, s);
 }
 
+// The following are somewhat precarious constructs as they may change
+// the value of the lookahead token.  That implies that the lookahead
+// token must not yet have made an impact on the state stack other
+// than causing the reduction of the current rule, or switching the
+// lookahead token while Bison is mulling it over will cause trouble.
+
 #define MYBACKUP(Token, Value, Location)                               \
-do                                                                     \
-       if (yychar == YYEMPTY)                                          \
-       {                                                               \
+       do {                                                            \
+               if (yychar != YYEMPTY)                                  \
+                       parser->lexer_->push_extra_token                \
+                               (yylloc, yychar, yylval);               \
                if (Token)                                              \
-                       parser->lexer_->push_extra_token (Token, Value); \
-               parser->lexer_->push_extra_token (BACKUP);              \
-       } else {                                                        \
-               parser->parser_error                                    \
-                       (Location, _("Too much lookahead"));            \
-       }                                                               \
-while (0)
+                       parser->lexer_->push_extra_token                \
+                               (Location, Token, Value);               \
+               parser->lexer_->push_extra_token (Location, BACKUP);    \
+               yychar = YYEMPTY;                                       \
+       } while (0)
 
 
 #define MYREPARSE(Location, Pred, Token, Value)                                \
-do                                                                     \
-       if (yychar == YYEMPTY)                                          \
-       {                                                               \
-               parser->lexer_->push_extra_token (Token, Value);        \
-               parser->lexer_->push_extra_token (REPARSE,              \
-                                                 Pred);                \
-       } else {                                                        \
-               parser->parser_error                                    \
-                       (Location, _("Too much lookahead"));            \
-       }                                                               \
-while (0)
+       do {                                                            \
+               if (yychar != YYEMPTY)                                  \
+                       parser->lexer_->push_extra_token                \
+                               (yylloc, yychar, yylval);               \
+               parser->lexer_->push_extra_token                        \
+                       (Location, Token, Value);                       \
+               parser->lexer_->push_extra_token                        \
+                       (Location, REPARSE, Pred);                      \
+               yychar = YYEMPTY;                                       \
+       } while (0)
 
 %}
 
@@ -199,18 +188,30 @@ while (0)
                               parser->lexer_->override_input (spot))
 
 /* ES TODO:
-- Don't use lily module, create a new module instead.
 - delay application of the function
 */
-#define LOWLEVEL_MAKE_SYNTAX(proc, args)       \
-  scm_apply_0 (proc, args)
+
+#define LOWLEVEL_MAKE_SYNTAX(location, proc, ...)                      \
+       with_location                                                   \
+               (parser->lexer_->override_input (location).smobbed_copy (), \
+                proc,                                                  \
+                ##__VA_ARGS__)
+
 /* Syntactic Sugar. */
 #define MAKE_SYNTAX(name, location, ...)                               \
-       LOWLEVEL_MAKE_SYNTAX (ly_lily_module_constant (name), scm_list_n (parser->self_scm (), make_input (parser->lexer_->override_input (location)), ##__VA_ARGS__, SCM_UNDEFINED))
+       LOWLEVEL_MAKE_SYNTAX (location, Syntax::name, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+
 #define START_MAKE_SYNTAX(name, ...)                                   \
-       scm_list_n (ly_lily_module_constant (name) , ##__VA_ARGS__, SCM_UNDEFINED)
+       scm_list_n (Syntax::name, ##__VA_ARGS__, SCM_UNDEFINED)
+
 #define FINISH_MAKE_SYNTAX(start, location, ...)                       \
-       LOWLEVEL_MAKE_SYNTAX (scm_car (start), scm_cons2 (parser->self_scm (), make_input (parser->lexer_->override_input (location)), scm_append_x (scm_list_2 (scm_cdr (start), scm_list_n (__VA_ARGS__, SCM_UNDEFINED)))))
+       LOWLEVEL_MAKE_SYNTAX                                            \
+               (location,                                              \
+                Guile_user::apply,                                     \
+                scm_car (start),                                       \
+                scm_append_x                                           \
+                (scm_list_2 (scm_cdr (start),                          \
+                             scm_list_n (__VA_ARGS__, SCM_UNDEFINED))))
 
 SCM get_next_unique_context_id ();
 SCM get_next_unique_lyrics_context_id ();
@@ -228,12 +229,14 @@ static Music *make_music_with_input (SCM name, Input where);
 SCM check_scheme_arg (Lily_parser *parser, Input loc,
                      SCM arg, SCM args, SCM pred, SCM disp = SCM_UNDEFINED);
 SCM make_music_from_simple (Lily_parser *parser, Input loc, SCM pitch);
-SCM loc_on_music (Input loc, SCM arg);
+SCM loc_on_copy (Lily_parser *parser, Input loc, SCM arg);
 SCM make_chord_elements (Input loc, SCM pitch, SCM dur, SCM modification_list);
 SCM make_chord_step (SCM step, Rational alter);
 SCM make_simple_markup (SCM a);
-bool is_duration (int t);
+SCM make_duration (SCM t, int dots = 0, SCM factor = SCM_UNDEFINED);
 bool is_regular_identifier (SCM id, bool multiple=false);
+SCM make_reverse_key_list (SCM keys);
+SCM try_word_variants (SCM pred, SCM str);
 SCM try_string_variants (SCM pred, SCM str);
 int yylex (YYSTYPE *s, YYLTYPE *loc, Lily_parser *parser);
 
@@ -265,6 +268,7 @@ int yylex (YYSTYPE *s, YYLTYPE *loc, Lily_parser *parser);
 %token DESCRIPTION "\\description"
 %token DRUMMODE "\\drummode"
 %token DRUMS "\\drums"
+%token ETC "\\etc"
 %token FIGUREMODE "\\figuremode"
 %token FIGURES "\\figures"
 %token HEADER "\\header"
@@ -285,6 +289,7 @@ int yylex (YYSTYPE *s, YYLTYPE *loc, Lily_parser *parser);
 %token REST "\\rest"
 %token REVERT "\\revert"
 %token SCORE "\\score"
+%token SCORELINES "\\score-lines"
 %token SEQUENTIAL "\\sequential"
 %token SET "\\set"
 %token SIMULTANEOUS "\\simultaneous"
@@ -329,7 +334,6 @@ If we give names, Bison complains.
 
 /* Artificial tokens, for more generic function syntax */
 %token EXPECT_MARKUP "markup?"
-%token EXPECT_DURATION "ly:duration?"
 %token EXPECT_SCM "scheme?"
 %token BACKUP "(backed-up?)"
 %token REPARSE "(reparsed?)"
@@ -344,14 +348,14 @@ If we give names, Bison complains.
 %token BOOK_IDENTIFIER
 %token CHORD_MODIFIER
 %token CHORD_REPETITION
-%token CONTEXT_DEF_IDENTIFIER
-%token CONTEXT_MOD_IDENTIFIER
 %token DRUM_PITCH
-%token PITCH_IDENTIFIER
+ /* Artificial token for durations in argument lists */
+%token DURATION_ARG
 %token DURATION_IDENTIFIER
 %token EVENT_IDENTIFIER
 %token EVENT_FUNCTION
 %token FRACTION
+%token LOOKUP_IDENTIFIER
 %token LYRIC_ELEMENT
 %token MARKUP_FUNCTION
 %token MARKUP_LIST_FUNCTION
@@ -361,7 +365,7 @@ If we give names, Bison complains.
 %token MUSIC_IDENTIFIER
 %token NOTENAME_PITCH
 %token NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
-%token OUTPUT_DEF_IDENTIFIER
+%token PITCH_IDENTIFIER
 %token REAL
 %token RESTNAME
 %token SCM_ARG
@@ -371,6 +375,7 @@ If we give names, Bison complains.
 %token STRING
 %token SYMBOL_LIST
 %token TONICNAME_PITCH
+%token SYMBOL
 
 %left '-' '+'
 
@@ -384,8 +389,7 @@ prec levels in different prods */
 start_symbol:
        lilypond
        | EMBEDDED_LILY {
-               SCM nn = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
-               parser->lexer_->push_note_state (nn);
+               parser->lexer_->push_note_state (Lily::pitchnames);
        } embedded_lilypond {
                parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
                 *retval = $3;
@@ -407,38 +411,43 @@ lilypond: /* empty */ { $$ = SCM_UNSPECIFIED; }
 
 
 toplevel_expression:
-       {
-               parser->lexer_->add_scope (get_header (parser));
-       } lilypond_header {
-               parser->lexer_->set_identifier (ly_symbol2scm ("$defaultheader"), $2);
+       header_block {
+               parser->lexer_->set_identifier (ly_symbol2scm ("$defaultheader"), $1);
        }
        | book_block {
                SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-book-handler");
-               scm_call_2 (proc, parser->self_scm (), $1);
+               scm_call_1 (proc, $1);
        }
        | bookpart_block {
                SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-bookpart-handler");
-               scm_call_2 (proc, parser->self_scm (), $1);
+               scm_call_1 (proc, $1);
+       }
+       | BOOK_IDENTIFIER {
+               SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier
+                       (unsmob<Book>($1)->paper_
+                        ? "toplevel-book-handler"
+                        : "toplevel-bookpart-handler");
+               scm_call_1 (proc, $1);
        }
        | score_block {
                SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-score-handler");
-               scm_call_2 (proc, parser->self_scm (), $1);
+               scm_call_1 (proc, $1);
        }
        | composite_music {
                SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-music-handler");
-               scm_call_2 (proc, parser->self_scm (), $1);
+               scm_call_1 (proc, $1);
        }
        | full_markup {
                SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-text-handler");
-               scm_call_2 (proc, parser->self_scm (), scm_list_1 ($1));
+               scm_call_1 (proc, scm_list_1 ($1));
        }
        | full_markup_list {
                SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-text-handler");
-               scm_call_2 (proc, parser->self_scm (), $1);
+               scm_call_1 (proc, $1);
        }
        | SCM_TOKEN {
                // Evaluate and ignore #xxx, as opposed to \xxx
-               parser->lexer_->eval_scm_token ($1);
+               parser->lexer_->eval_scm_token ($1, @1);
        }
        | embedded_scm_active
        {
@@ -450,29 +459,59 @@ toplevel_expression:
                if (scm_is_pair (out))
                {
                        SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-text-handler");
-                       scm_call_2 (proc, parser->self_scm (), out);
+                       scm_call_1 (proc, out);
+               } else if (unsmob<Score> ($1))
+               {
+                       SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-score-handler");
+                       scm_call_1 (proc, $1);
+               } else if (Output_def * od = unsmob<Output_def> ($1)) {
+                       SCM id = SCM_EOL;
+
+                       if (to_boolean (od->c_variable ("is-paper")))
+                               id = ly_symbol2scm ("$defaultpaper");
+                       else if (to_boolean (od->c_variable ("is-midi")))
+                               id = ly_symbol2scm ("$defaultmidi");
+                       else if (to_boolean (od->c_variable ("is-layout")))
+                               id = ly_symbol2scm ("$defaultlayout");
+
+                       parser->lexer_->set_identifier (id, $1);
+               } else if (ly_is_module ($1))
+               {
+                       SCM module = get_header (parser);
+                       ly_module_copy (module, $1);
+                       parser->lexer_->set_identifier
+                               (ly_symbol2scm ("$defaultheader"), module);
                } else if (!scm_is_eq ($1, SCM_UNSPECIFIED))
                        parser->parser_error (@1, _("bad expression type"));
        }
        | output_def {
                SCM id = SCM_EOL;
-               Output_def * od = unsmob_output_def ($1);
+               Output_def * od = unsmob<Output_def> ($1);
 
-               if (od->c_variable ("is-paper") == SCM_BOOL_T)
+               if (to_boolean (od->c_variable ("is-paper")))
                        id = ly_symbol2scm ("$defaultpaper");
-               else if (od->c_variable ("is-midi") == SCM_BOOL_T)
+               else if (to_boolean (od->c_variable ("is-midi")))
                        id = ly_symbol2scm ("$defaultmidi");
-               else if (od->c_variable ("is-layout") == SCM_BOOL_T)
+               else if (to_boolean (od->c_variable ("is-layout")))
                        id = ly_symbol2scm ("$defaultlayout");
 
                parser->lexer_->set_identifier (id, $1);
        }
        ;
 
+lookup:
+       LOOKUP_IDENTIFIER
+       | LOOKUP_IDENTIFIER '.' symbol_list_rev
+       {
+               $$ = loc_on_copy (parser, @$,
+                                 nested_property ($1, scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL)));
+       }
+       ;
+
 embedded_scm_bare:
        SCM_TOKEN
        {
-               $$ = parser->lexer_->eval_scm_token ($1);
+               $$ = parser->lexer_->eval_scm_token ($1, @1);
        }
        | SCM_IDENTIFIER
        ;
@@ -480,21 +519,26 @@ embedded_scm_bare:
 embedded_scm_active:
        SCM_IDENTIFIER
        | scm_function_call
+       | lookup
        ;
 
 embedded_scm_bare_arg:
        SCM_ARG
        | SCM_TOKEN
        {
-               $$ = parser->lexer_->eval_scm_token ($1);
+               $$ = parser->lexer_->eval_scm_token ($1, @1);
        }
+       | FRACTION
+       | partial_markup
        | full_markup_list
        | context_modification
+       | header_block
        | score_block
        | context_def_spec_block
        | book_block
        | bookpart_block
        | output_def
+       | lookup
        ;
 
 /* The generic version may end in music, or not */
@@ -502,6 +546,7 @@ embedded_scm_bare_arg:
 embedded_scm:
        embedded_scm_bare
        | scm_function_call
+       | lookup
        ;
 
 /* embedded_scm_arg is _not_ casting pitches to music by default, this
@@ -521,8 +566,20 @@ embedded_scm_arg:
 
 scm_function_call:
        SCM_FUNCTION function_arglist {
-               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("music-function", @$,
-                                        $1, $2);
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (music_function, @$,
+                                 $1, $2);
+       }
+       ;
+
+embedded_lilypond_number:
+       '-' embedded_lilypond_number
+       {
+               $$ = scm_difference ($2, SCM_UNDEFINED);
+       }
+       | bare_number_common
+       | UNSIGNED NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
+       {
+               $$ = scm_product ($1, $2);
        }
        ;
 
@@ -533,16 +590,40 @@ embedded_lilypond:
                // for empty rules, and the only token in the whole
                // production, EMBEDDED_LILY, is synthetic and also
                // contains no source location.
-               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("void-music", @$);
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (void_music, @$);
+       }
+       | identifier_init_nonumber
+       | embedded_lilypond_number
+       | post_event post_events
+       {
+               $$ = scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL);
+               if (Music *m = unsmob<Music> ($1))
+               {
+                       if (m->is_mus_type ("post-event-wrapper"))
+                               $$ = scm_append
+                                       (scm_list_2 (m->get_property ("elements"),
+                                                    $$));
+                       else
+                               $$ = scm_cons ($1, $$);
+               }
+               if (scm_is_pair ($$)
+                   && scm_is_null (scm_cdr ($$)))
+                       $$ = scm_car ($$);
+               else
+               {
+                       Music * m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("PostEvents", @$);
+                       m->set_property ("elements", $$);
+                       $$ = m->unprotect ();
+               }
        }
-       | identifier_init
+       | multiplied_duration
        | music_embedded music_embedded music_list {
                $3 = scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL);
-               if (unsmob_music ($2))
+               if (unsmob<Music> ($2))
                        $3 = scm_cons ($2, $3);
-               if (unsmob_music ($1))
+               if (unsmob<Music> ($1))
                        $3 = scm_cons ($1, $3);
-               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("sequential-music", @$, $3);
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (sequential_music, @$, $3);
        }
        | error {
                parser->error_level_ = 1;
@@ -560,8 +641,15 @@ lilypond_header_body:
        | lilypond_header_body assignment  {
 
        }
-       | lilypond_header_body embedded_scm  {
-
+       | lilypond_header_body SCM_TOKEN {
+               // Evaluate and ignore #xxx, as opposed to \xxx
+               parser->lexer_->eval_scm_token ($2, @2);
+       }
+       | lilypond_header_body embedded_scm_active {
+               if (ly_is_module ($2))
+                       ly_module_copy (scm_current_module (), $2);
+               else if (!scm_is_eq ($2, SCM_UNSPECIFIED))
+                       parser->parser_error (@2, _("bad expression type"));
        }
        ;
 
@@ -571,11 +659,20 @@ lilypond_header:
        }
        ;
 
+header_block:
+       {
+               parser->lexer_->add_scope (get_header (parser));
+       } lilypond_header {
+               $$ = $2;
+       }
+       ;
+
 /*
        DECLARATIONS
 */
 assignment_id:
-       STRING          { $$ = $1; }
+       STRING
+       | SYMBOL
        ;
 
 assignment:
@@ -583,25 +680,34 @@ assignment:
                parser->lexer_->set_identifier ($1, $3);
                 $$ = SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
        }
-       | assignment_id property_path '=' identifier_init {
-               SCM path = scm_cons (scm_string_to_symbol ($1), $2);
-               parser->lexer_->set_identifier (path, $4);
+       | assignment_id '.' property_path '=' identifier_init {
+               SCM path = scm_cons (scm_string_to_symbol ($1), $3);
+               parser->lexer_->set_identifier (path, $5);
+                $$ = SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
+       }
+       | assignment_id ',' property_path '=' identifier_init {
+               SCM path = scm_cons (scm_string_to_symbol ($1), $3);
+               parser->lexer_->set_identifier (path, $5);
                 $$ = SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
        }
        ;
 
 
 identifier_init:
-       score_block
-       | book_block
-       | bookpart_block
-       | output_def
-       | context_def_spec_block
-       | music_assign
+       identifier_init_nonumber
+       | number_expression
+       | symbol_list_part_bare '.' property_path
+       {
+               $$ = scm_reverse_x ($1, $3);
+       }
+       | symbol_list_part_bare ',' property_path
+       {
+               $$ = scm_reverse_x ($1, $3);
+       }
        | post_event_nofinger post_events
        {
                $$ = scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL);
-               if (Music *m = unsmob_music ($1))
+               if (Music *m = unsmob<Music> ($1))
                {
                        if (m->is_mus_type ("post-event-wrapper"))
                                $$ = scm_append
@@ -620,19 +726,120 @@ identifier_init:
                        $$ = m->unprotect ();
                }
        }
-       | number_expression
+       ;
+
+identifier_init_nonumber:
+       header_block
+       | score_block
+       | book_block
+       | bookpart_block
+       | output_def
+       | context_def_spec_block
+       | music_assign
+       | pitch_or_music
        | FRACTION
        | string
-        | embedded_scm
+       | embedded_scm
+       | partial_markup
        | full_markup_list
         | context_modification
+       | partial_function ETC
+       {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (partial_music_function, @$,
+                                 scm_reverse_x ($1, SCM_EOL));
+       }
+       ;
+
+// Partial functions
+partial_function:
+       MUSIC_FUNCTION function_arglist_partial
+       {
+               $$ = scm_acons ($1, $2, SCM_EOL);
+       }
+       | EVENT_FUNCTION function_arglist_partial
+       {
+               $$ = scm_acons ($1, $2, SCM_EOL);
+       }
+       | SCM_FUNCTION function_arglist_partial
+       {
+               $$ = scm_acons ($1, $2, SCM_EOL);
+       }
+       | OVERRIDE grob_prop_path '='
+       {
+               if (SCM_UNBNDP ($2))
+                       $$ = scm_list_1 (SCM_BOOL_F);
+               else
+                       $$ = scm_cons
+                               (scm_list_3 (Syntax::property_override_function,
+                                            scm_cdr ($2), scm_car ($2)),
+                                SCM_EOL);
+       }
+       | SET context_prop_spec '='
+       {
+               if (SCM_UNBNDP ($2))
+                       $$ = scm_list_1 (SCM_BOOL_F);
+               else
+                       $$ = scm_cons
+                               (scm_list_3 (Syntax::property_set_function,
+                                            scm_cadr ($2), scm_car ($2)),
+                                SCM_EOL);
+       }
+       | MUSIC_FUNCTION EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional partial_function
+       {
+               $$ = scm_acons ($1, $3, $4);
+       }
+       | EVENT_FUNCTION EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional partial_function
+       {
+               $$ = scm_acons ($1, $3, $4);
+       }
+       | SCM_FUNCTION EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional partial_function
+       {
+               $$ = scm_acons ($1, $3, $4);
+       }
+       | OVERRIDE grob_prop_path '=' partial_function
+       {
+               if (SCM_UNBNDP ($2))
+                       $$ = scm_list_1 (SCM_BOOL_F);
+               else
+                       $$ = scm_cons
+                               (scm_list_3 (Syntax::property_override_function,
+                                            scm_cdr ($2), scm_car ($2)),
+                                $4);
+       }
+       | SET context_prop_spec '=' partial_function
+       {
+               if (SCM_UNBNDP ($2))
+                       $$ = scm_list_1 (SCM_BOOL_F);
+               else
+                       $$ = scm_cons
+                               (scm_list_3 (Syntax::property_set_function,
+                                            scm_cadr ($2), scm_car ($2)),
+                                $4);
+       }
+       | MUSIC_FUNCTION EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup partial_function
+       {
+               $$ = scm_acons ($1, $4, $5);
+       }
+       | EVENT_FUNCTION EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup partial_function
+       {
+               $$ = scm_acons ($1, $4, $5);
+       }
+       | SCM_FUNCTION EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup partial_function
+       {
+               $$ = scm_acons ($1, $4, $5);
+       }
        ;
 
 context_def_spec_block:
        CONTEXT '{' context_def_spec_body '}'
-               {
+       {
                $$ = $3;
-               unsmob_context_def ($$)->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
+               Context_def *td = unsmob<Context_def> ($$);
+               if (!td) {
+                       $$ = Context_def::make_scm ();
+                       td = unsmob<Context_def> ($$);
+               }
+               td->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
        }
        ;
 
@@ -640,8 +847,7 @@ context_mod_arg:
        embedded_scm
        |
        {
-               SCM nn = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
-               parser->lexer_->push_note_state (nn);
+               parser->lexer_->push_note_state (Lily::pitchnames);
        }
        composite_music
        {
@@ -650,47 +856,54 @@ context_mod_arg:
        }
        ;
 
-context_mod_embedded:
-       context_mod_arg
-       {
-               if (unsmob_music ($1)) {
-                       SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("context-mod-music-handler");
-                       $1 = scm_call_2 (proc, parser->self_scm (), $1);
-               }
-               if (unsmob_context_mod ($1))
-                       $$ = $1;
-               else {
-                       parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("not a context mod"));
-                       $$ = Context_mod ().smobbed_copy ();
-               }
-       }
-       ;
-
 
 context_def_spec_body:
        /**/ {
-               $$ = Context_def::make_scm ();
-       }
-       | CONTEXT_DEF_IDENTIFIER {
-               $$ = $1;
+               $$ = SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
        }
        | context_def_spec_body context_mod {
-               if (!SCM_UNBNDP ($2))
-                       unsmob_context_def ($$)->add_context_mod ($2);
+               if (!SCM_UNBNDP ($2)) {
+                       Context_def *td = unsmob<Context_def> ($$);
+                       if (!td) {
+                               $$ = Context_def::make_scm ();
+                               td = unsmob<Context_def> ($$);
+                       }
+                       unsmob<Context_def> ($$)->add_context_mod ($2);
+               }
        }
        | context_def_spec_body context_modification {
-                Context_def *td = unsmob_context_def ($$);
-                SCM new_mods = unsmob_context_mod ($2)->get_mods ();
+                Context_def *td = unsmob<Context_def> ($$);
+               if (!td) {
+                       $$ = Context_def::make_scm ();
+                       td = unsmob<Context_def> ($$);
+               }
+                SCM new_mods = unsmob<Context_mod> ($2)->get_mods ();
                 for (SCM m = new_mods; scm_is_pair (m); m = scm_cdr (m)) {
                     td->add_context_mod (scm_car (m));
                 }
        }
-       | context_def_spec_body context_mod_embedded {
-                Context_def *td = unsmob_context_def ($$);
-                SCM new_mods = unsmob_context_mod ($2)->get_mods ();
-                for (SCM m = new_mods; scm_is_pair (m); m = scm_cdr (m)) {
-                    td->add_context_mod (scm_car (m));
-                }
+       | context_def_spec_body context_mod_arg {
+               Context_def *td = unsmob<Context_def> ($1);
+               if (scm_is_eq ($2, SCM_UNSPECIFIED))
+                       ;
+               else if (!td && unsmob<Context_def> ($2))
+                       $$ = $2;
+               else {
+                       if (!td) {
+                               $$ = Context_def::make_scm ();
+                               td = unsmob<Context_def> ($$);
+                       }
+                       if (unsmob<Music> ($2)) {
+                               SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("context-mod-music-handler");
+                               $2 = scm_call_1 (proc, $2);
+                       }
+                       if (Context_mod *cm = unsmob<Context_mod> ($2)) {
+                               for (SCM m = cm->get_mods (); scm_is_pair (m); m = scm_cdr (m)) {
+                                       td->add_context_mod (scm_car (m));
+                               }
+                       } else
+                               parser->parser_error (@2, _ ("not a context mod"));
+               }
        }
        ;
 
@@ -699,7 +912,7 @@ context_def_spec_body:
 book_block:
        BOOK '{' book_body '}'  {
                $$ = $3;
-               unsmob_book ($$)->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
+               unsmob<Book> ($$)->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
                pop_paper (parser);
                parser->lexer_->set_identifier (ly_symbol2scm ("$current-book"), SCM_BOOL_F);
        }
@@ -712,7 +925,7 @@ book_body:
        {
                Book *book = new Book;
                init_papers (parser);
-               book->paper_ = dynamic_cast<Output_def*> (unsmob_output_def (parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("$defaultpaper"))->clone ());
+               book->paper_ = dynamic_cast<Output_def*> (unsmob<Output_def> (parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("$defaultpaper"))->clone ());
                book->paper_->unprotect ();
                push_paper (parser, book->paper_);
                book->header_ = get_header (parser);
@@ -723,8 +936,8 @@ book_body:
                parser->lexer_->set_identifier (ly_symbol2scm ("$current-book"), $1);
        }
        | book_body paper_block {
-               unsmob_book ($1)->paper_ = unsmob_output_def ($2);
-               set_paper (parser, unsmob_output_def ($2));
+               unsmob<Book> ($1)->paper_ = unsmob<Output_def> ($2);
+               set_paper (parser, unsmob<Output_def> ($2));
        }
        | book_body bookpart_block {
                SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("book-bookpart-handler");
@@ -736,7 +949,7 @@ book_body:
        }
        | book_body composite_music {
                SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("book-music-handler");
-               scm_call_3 (proc, parser->self_scm (), $1, $2);
+               scm_call_2 (proc, $1, $2);
        }
        | book_body full_markup {
                SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("book-text-handler");
@@ -748,7 +961,7 @@ book_body:
        }
        | book_body SCM_TOKEN {
                // Evaluate and ignore #xxx, as opposed to \xxx
-               parser->lexer_->eval_scm_token ($2);
+               parser->lexer_->eval_scm_token ($2, @2);
        }
        | book_body embedded_scm_active
        {
@@ -761,15 +974,29 @@ book_body:
                {
                        SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("book-text-handler");
                        scm_call_2 (proc, $1, out);
+               } else if (unsmob<Score> ($2))
+               {
+                       SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("book-score-handler");
+                       scm_call_2 (proc, $1, $2);
+               } else if (Output_def *od = unsmob<Output_def> ($2)) {
+                       if (to_boolean (od->lookup_variable (ly_symbol2scm ("is-paper")))) {
+                               unsmob<Book> ($1)->paper_ = od;
+                               set_paper (parser, od);
+                       } else {
+                               parser->parser_error (@2, _ ("need \\paper for paper block"));
+                       }
+               } else if (ly_is_module ($2))
+               {
+                       ly_module_copy (unsmob<Book> ($1)->header_, $2);
                } else if (!scm_is_eq ($2, SCM_UNSPECIFIED))
                        parser->parser_error (@2, _("bad expression type"));
        }
        | book_body
        {
-               parser->lexer_->add_scope (unsmob_book ($1)->header_);
+               parser->lexer_->add_scope (unsmob<Book> ($1)->header_);
        } lilypond_header
        | book_body error {
-                Book *book = unsmob_book ($1);
+                Book *book = unsmob<Book> ($1);
                book->paper_ = 0;
                book->scores_ = SCM_EOL;
                book->bookparts_ = SCM_EOL;
@@ -779,7 +1006,7 @@ book_body:
 bookpart_block:
        BOOKPART '{' bookpart_body '}' {
                $$ = $3;
-               unsmob_book ($$)->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
+               unsmob<Book> ($$)->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
                parser->lexer_->set_identifier (ly_symbol2scm ("$current-bookpart"), SCM_BOOL_F);
        }
        ;
@@ -794,7 +1021,7 @@ bookpart_body:
                parser->lexer_->set_identifier (ly_symbol2scm ("$current-bookpart"), $1);
        }
        | bookpart_body paper_block {
-               unsmob_book ($$)->paper_ = unsmob_output_def ($2);
+               unsmob<Book> ($$)->paper_ = unsmob<Output_def> ($2);
        }
        | bookpart_body score_block {
                SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("bookpart-score-handler");
@@ -802,7 +1029,7 @@ bookpart_body:
        }
        | bookpart_body composite_music {
                SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("bookpart-music-handler");
-               scm_call_3 (proc, parser->self_scm (), $1, $2);
+               scm_call_2 (proc, $1, $2);
        }
        | bookpart_body full_markup {
                SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("bookpart-text-handler");
@@ -814,7 +1041,7 @@ bookpart_body:
        }
        | bookpart_body SCM_TOKEN {
                // Evaluate and ignore #xxx, as opposed to \xxx
-               parser->lexer_->eval_scm_token ($2);
+               parser->lexer_->eval_scm_token ($2, @2);
        }
        | bookpart_body embedded_scm_active
        {
@@ -827,18 +1054,33 @@ bookpart_body:
                {
                        SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("bookpart-text-handler");
                        scm_call_2 (proc, $1, out);
+               } else if (unsmob<Score> ($2))
+               {
+                       SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("bookpart-score-handler");
+                       scm_call_2 (proc, $1, $2);
+               } else if (Output_def *od = unsmob<Output_def> ($2)) {
+                       if (to_boolean (od->lookup_variable (ly_symbol2scm ("is-paper")))) {
+                               unsmob<Book> ($1)->paper_ = od;
+                       } else {
+                               parser->parser_error (@2, _ ("need \\paper for paper block"));
+                       }
+               } else if (ly_is_module ($2)) {
+                       Book *book = unsmob<Book> ($1);
+                       if (!ly_is_module (book->header_))
+                               book->header_ = ly_make_module (false);
+                       ly_module_copy (book->header_, $2);
                } else if (!scm_is_eq ($2, SCM_UNSPECIFIED))
                        parser->parser_error (@2, _("bad expression type"));
        }
        | bookpart_body
        {
-                Book *book = unsmob_book ($1);
+                Book *book = unsmob<Book> ($1);
                if (!ly_is_module (book->header_))
                        book->header_ = ly_make_module (false);
                parser->lexer_->add_scope (book->header_);
        } lilypond_header
        | bookpart_body error {
-                Book *book = unsmob_book ($1);
+                Book *book = unsmob<Book> ($1);
                book->paper_ = 0;
                book->scores_ = SCM_EOL;
        }
@@ -846,49 +1088,118 @@ bookpart_body:
 
 score_block:
        SCORE '{' score_body '}'        {
+               unsmob<Score> ($3)->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
                $$ = $3;
        }
        ;
 
 score_body:
-       music {
-               SCM scorify = ly_lily_module_constant ("scorify-music");
-               $$ = scm_call_2 (scorify, $1, parser->self_scm ());
-
-               unsmob_score ($$)->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
-       }
-       | embedded_scm_active {
-               Score *score;
-               if (unsmob_score ($1))
-                       score = new Score (*unsmob_score ($1));
-               else {
-                       score = new Score;
-                       parser->parser_error (@1, _("score expected"));
+       score_items {
+               if (!unsmob<Score> ($1)) {
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, _("Missing music in \\score"));
+                       $$ = (new Score)->unprotect ();
+                       if (scm_is_pair ($1) && ly_is_module (scm_car ($1)))
+                       {
+                               unsmob<Score> ($$)->set_header (scm_car ($1));
+                               $1 = scm_cdr ($1);
+                       }
+                       for (SCM p = scm_reverse_x ($1, SCM_EOL);
+                            scm_is_pair (p); p = scm_cdr (p))
+                       {
+                               unsmob<Score> ($$)->
+                                       add_output_def (unsmob<Output_def> (scm_car (p)));
+                       }
                }
-               unsmob_score ($$)->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = score->unprotect ();
        }
-       | score_body
-       {
-                Score *score = unsmob_score ($1);
-               if (!ly_is_module (score->get_header ()))
-                       score->set_header (ly_make_module (false));
-               parser->lexer_->add_scope (score->get_header ());
-       } lilypond_header
-       | score_body output_def {
-                Output_def *od = unsmob_output_def ($2);
-               if (od->lookup_variable (ly_symbol2scm ("is-paper")) == SCM_BOOL_T)
-               {
-                       parser->parser_error (@2, _("\\paper cannot be used in \\score, use \\layout instead"));
+       | score_body error {
+               unsmob<Score> ($$)->error_found_ = true;
+       }
+       ;
+
+score_item:
+       embedded_scm
+       | music
+       | output_def
+       ;
 
+score_items:
+       /* empty */
+       {
+               $$ = SCM_EOL;
+       }
+       | score_items score_item
+       {
+               Output_def *od = unsmob<Output_def> ($2);
+               if (od) {
+                       if (to_boolean (od->lookup_variable (ly_symbol2scm ("is-paper"))))
+                       {
+                               parser->parser_error (@2, _("\\paper cannot be used in \\score, use \\layout instead"));
+                               od = 0;
+                               $2 = SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
+                       }
+               } else if (!unsmob<Score> ($$)) {
+                       if (unsmob<Music> ($2)) {
+                               $2 = Lily::scorify_music ($2);
+                       }
+                       if (unsmob<Score> ($2))
+                       {
+                               $$ = $2;
+                               $2 = SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
+                       }
                }
-               else
-               {
-                       unsmob_score ($1)->add_output_def (od);
+               Score *score = unsmob<Score> ($$);
+               if (score && scm_is_pair ($1)) {
+                       if (ly_is_module (scm_car ($1)))
+                       {
+                               score->set_header (scm_car ($1));
+                               $1 = scm_cdr ($1);
+                       }
+                       for (SCM p = scm_reverse_x ($1, SCM_EOL);
+                            scm_is_pair (p); p = scm_cdr (p))
+                       {
+                               score->add_output_def (unsmob<Output_def> (scm_car (p)));
+                       }
                }
+               if (od) {
+                       if (score)
+                               score->add_output_def (od);
+                       else if (scm_is_pair ($$) && ly_is_module (scm_car ($$)))
+                               scm_set_cdr_x ($$, scm_cons ($2, scm_cdr ($$)));
+                       else
+                               $$ = scm_cons ($2, $$);
+               } else if (ly_is_module ($2)) {
+                       SCM module = SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
+                       if (score) {
+                               module = score->get_header ();
+                               if (!ly_is_module (module))
+                               {
+                                       module = ly_make_module (false);
+                                       score->set_header (module);
+                               }
+                       } else if (scm_is_pair ($$) && ly_is_module (scm_car ($$)))
+                               module = scm_car ($$);
+                       else {
+                               module = ly_make_module (false);
+                               $$ = scm_cons (module, $$);
+                       }
+                       ly_module_copy (module, $2);
+               } else if (!scm_is_eq ($2, SCM_UNSPECIFIED))
+                       parser->parser_error (@2, _("Spurious expression in \\score"));
        }
-       | score_body error {
-               unsmob_score ($$)->error_found_ = true;
+       | score_items
+       {
+               if (Score *score = unsmob<Score> ($1)) {
+                       if (!ly_is_module (score->get_header ()))
+                               score->set_header (ly_make_module (false));
+                       parser->lexer_->add_scope (score->get_header ());
+               } else {
+                       if (!scm_is_pair ($1) || !ly_is_module (scm_car ($1)))
+                               $1 = scm_cons (ly_make_module (false), $1);
+                       parser->lexer_->add_scope (scm_car ($1));
+               }
+       } lilypond_header
+       {
+               $$ = $1;
        }
        ;
 
@@ -899,9 +1210,9 @@ score_body:
 
 paper_block:
        output_def {
-                Output_def *od = unsmob_output_def ($1);
+                Output_def *od = unsmob<Output_def> ($1);
 
-               if (od->lookup_variable (ly_symbol2scm ("is-paper")) != SCM_BOOL_T)
+               if (!to_boolean (od->lookup_variable (ly_symbol2scm ("is-paper"))))
                {
                        parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("need \\paper for paper block"));
                        $$ = get_paper (parser)->unprotect ();
@@ -912,7 +1223,8 @@ paper_block:
 
 output_def:
        output_def_body '}' {
-               $$ = $1;
+               if (scm_is_pair ($1))
+                       $$ = scm_car ($1);
 
                parser->lexer_->remove_scope ();
                parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
@@ -952,44 +1264,74 @@ output_def_head_with_mode_switch:
 // is still time to escape from notes mode.
 
 music_or_context_def:
-       music_arg
+       music_assign
        | context_def_spec_block
        ;
 
 output_def_body:
        output_def_head_with_mode_switch '{' {
-               $$ = $1;
-               unsmob_output_def ($$)->input_origin_.set_spot (@$);
-       }
-       | output_def_head_with_mode_switch '{' OUTPUT_DEF_IDENTIFIER    {
-               Output_def *o = unsmob_output_def ($3);
-               o->input_origin_.set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = o->self_scm ();
-               parser->lexer_->remove_scope ();
-               parser->lexer_->add_scope (o->scope_);
+               unsmob<Output_def> ($1)->input_origin_.set_spot (@$);
+               // This is a stupid trick to mark the beginning of the
+               // body for deciding whether to allow
+               // embedded_scm_active to have an output definition
+               $$ = scm_list_1 ($1);
        }
        | output_def_body assignment  {
-
+               if (scm_is_pair ($1))
+                       $$ = scm_car ($1);
        }
-       | output_def_body embedded_scm  {
-
+       | output_def_body embedded_scm_active
+       {
+               // We don't switch into note mode for Scheme functions
+               // here.  Does not seem warranted/required in output
+               // definitions.
+               if (scm_is_pair ($1))
+               {
+                       Output_def *o = unsmob<Output_def> ($2);
+                       if (o) {
+                               o->input_origin_.set_spot (@$);
+                               $1 = o->self_scm ();
+                               parser->lexer_->remove_scope ();
+                               parser->lexer_->add_scope (o->scope_);
+                               $2 = SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
+                       } else
+                               $1 = scm_car ($1);
+               }
+               if (unsmob<Context_def> ($2))
+                       assign_context_def (unsmob<Output_def> ($1), $2);
+               // Seems unlikely, but let's be complete:
+               else if (unsmob<Music> ($2))
+               {
+                       SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier
+                               ("output-def-music-handler");
+                       scm_call_2 (proc, $1, $2);
+               } else if (!scm_is_eq ($2, SCM_UNSPECIFIED))
+                       parser->parser_error (@2, _("bad expression type"));
+               $$ = $1;
+       }
+       | output_def_body SCM_TOKEN {
+               if (scm_is_pair ($1))
+                       $$ = scm_car ($1);
+               // Evaluate and ignore #xxx, as opposed to \xxx
+               parser->lexer_->eval_scm_token ($2, @2);
        }
        | output_def_body
        {
-               SCM nn = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
-               parser->lexer_->push_note_state (nn);
+               if (scm_is_pair ($1))
+                       $1 = scm_car ($1);
+               parser->lexer_->push_note_state (Lily::pitchnames);
        } music_or_context_def
        {
                parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
-               if (unsmob_context_def ($3))
-                       assign_context_def (unsmob_output_def ($1), $3);
+               if (unsmob<Context_def> ($3))
+                       assign_context_def (unsmob<Output_def> ($1), $3);
                else {
 
                        SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier
                                     ("output-def-music-handler");
-                       scm_call_3 (proc, parser->self_scm (),
-                                   $1, $3);
+                       scm_call_2 (proc, $1, $3);
                }
+               $$ = $1;
        }
        | output_def_body error {
 
@@ -998,14 +1340,14 @@ output_def_body:
 
 tempo_event:
        TEMPO steno_duration '=' tempo_range    {
-               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("tempo", @$, SCM_EOL, $2, $4);
-       }
-       | TEMPO scalar_closed steno_duration '=' tempo_range    {
-               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("tempo", @$, $2, $3, $5);
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (tempo, @$, SCM_EOL, $2, $4);
        }
-       | TEMPO scalar {
-               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("tempo", @$, $2);
+       | TEMPO text steno_duration '=' tempo_range     {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (tempo, @$, $2, $3, $5);
        }
+       | TEMPO text {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (tempo, @$, $2);
+       } %prec ':'
        ;
 
 /*
@@ -1016,7 +1358,7 @@ music_list:
                $$ = SCM_EOL;
        }
        | music_list music_embedded {
-               if (unsmob_music ($2))
+               if (unsmob<Music> ($2))
                        $$ = scm_cons ($2, $1);
        }
        | music_list error {
@@ -1035,14 +1377,27 @@ braced_music_list:
        }
        ;
 
-music: music_arg
+music: music_assign
        | lyric_element_music
+       | pitch_as_music
+       ;
+
+pitch_as_music:
+       pitch_or_music
+       {
+               $$ = make_music_from_simple (parser, @1, $1);
+                if (!unsmob<Music> ($$))
+               {
+                        parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("music expected"));
+                       $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (void_music, @$);
+               }
+       }
        ;
 
 music_embedded:
        music
        {
-               if (unsmob_music ($1)->is_mus_type ("post-event")) {
+               if (unsmob<Music> ($1)->is_mus_type ("post-event")) {
                        parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("unexpected post-event"));
                        $$ = SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
                }
@@ -1055,6 +1410,18 @@ music_embedded:
        {
                $$ = $3;
        }
+       | multiplied_duration post_events
+       {
+               Music *n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent", @$);
+
+               parser->default_duration_ = *unsmob<Duration> ($1);
+               n->set_property ("duration", $1);
+
+               if (scm_is_pair ($2))
+                       n->set_property ("articulations",
+                                        scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
+               $$ = n->unprotect ();
+       }
        ;
 
 music_embedded_backup:
@@ -1062,7 +1429,7 @@ music_embedded_backup:
        {
                if (scm_is_eq ($1, SCM_UNSPECIFIED))
                        $$ = $1;
-               else if (Music *m = unsmob_music ($1)) {
+               else if (Music *m = unsmob<Music> ($1)) {
                        if (m->is_mus_type ("post-event")) {
                                parser->parser_error
                                        (@1, _ ("unexpected post-event"));
@@ -1079,16 +1446,8 @@ music_embedded_backup:
        }
        ;
 
-music_arg:
-       simple_music
-       {
-               $$ = make_music_from_simple (parser, @1, $1);
-                if (!unsmob_music ($$))
-                        parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("music expected"));
-       }
-       | composite_music %prec COMPOSITE
-       ;
-
+// music_assign does not need to contain lyrics: there are no
+// assignments in lyricmode.
 music_assign:
        simple_music
        | composite_music %prec COMPOSITE
@@ -1097,29 +1456,29 @@ music_assign:
 repeated_music:
        REPEAT simple_string unsigned_number music
        {
-               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("repeat", @$, $2, $3, $4, SCM_EOL);
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (repeat, @$, $2, $3, $4, SCM_EOL);
        }
        | REPEAT simple_string unsigned_number music ALTERNATIVE braced_music_list
        {
-               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("repeat", @$, $2, $3, $4, $6);
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (repeat, @$, $2, $3, $4, $6);
        }
        ;
 
 sequential_music:
        SEQUENTIAL braced_music_list {
-               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("sequential-music", @$, $2);
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (sequential_music, @$, $2);
        }
        | braced_music_list {
-               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("sequential-music", @$, $1);
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (sequential_music, @$, $1);
        }
        ;
 
 simultaneous_music:
        SIMULTANEOUS braced_music_list {
-               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("simultaneous-music", @$, $2);
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (simultaneous_music, @$, $2);
        }
        | DOUBLE_ANGLE_OPEN music_list DOUBLE_ANGLE_CLOSE       {
-               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("simultaneous-music", @$, scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (simultaneous_music, @$, scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
        }
        ;
 
@@ -1132,83 +1491,168 @@ simple_music:
 context_modification:
         WITH
        {
-               SCM nn = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
-               parser->lexer_->push_note_state (nn);
+               parser->lexer_->push_note_state (Lily::pitchnames);
        } '{' context_mod_list '}'
         {
                 parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
                 $$ = $4;
         }
-        | WITH CONTEXT_MOD_IDENTIFIER
-        {
-                $$ = $2;
-        }
-        | CONTEXT_MOD_IDENTIFIER
-        {
-                $$ = $1;
-        }
        | WITH context_modification_arg
        {
-               if (unsmob_music ($2)) {
+               if (unsmob<Music> ($2)) {
                        SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("context-mod-music-handler");
-                       $2 = scm_call_2 (proc, parser->self_scm (), $2);
+                       $2 = scm_call_1 (proc, $2);
                }
-               if (unsmob_context_mod ($2))
+               if (unsmob<Context_mod> ($2))
                        $$ = $2;
                else {
-                       parser->parser_error (@2, _ ("not a context mod"));
+                       // let's permit \with #*unspecified* to go for
+                       // an empty context mod
+                       if (!scm_is_eq ($2, SCM_UNSPECIFIED))
+                               parser->parser_error (@2, _ ("not a context mod"));
                        $$ = Context_mod ().smobbed_copy ();
                }
        }
         ;
 
 context_modification_arg:
-       embedded_scm_closed
+       embedded_scm
        | MUSIC_IDENTIFIER
        ;
 
-optional_context_mod:
-        /**/ {
-            $$ = SCM_EOL;
-        }
-        | context_modification
+/* A list of single mods collected from a (possibly empty) sequence of
+ * context modifications, usually written as \with ... \with ...
+ */
+
+optional_context_mods:
+       context_modification_mods_list
         {
-              $$ = $1;
+               if (scm_is_pair ($1))
+                       $$ = scm_append_x (scm_reverse_x ($1, SCM_EOL));
         }
         ;
 
+/* The worker for optional_context_mods conses a (reversed) list where
+ * each element contains the list of single context mods from one
+ * context modification block.  Context_mod::get_mods creates fresh
+ * copies, so it's okay to use append! on them.
+ */
+
+context_modification_mods_list:
+       /**/ {
+               $$ = SCM_EOL;
+       }
+       | context_modification_mods_list context_modification
+       {
+               if (Context_mod *m = unsmob<Context_mod> ($2))
+                       $$ = scm_cons (m->get_mods (), $1);
+       }
+       ;
+
+/* A Context_mod is a container for a list of context mods like
+ * \consists ...  \override ... .  context_mod_list produces a
+ * Context_mod from the inside of a \with { ... } statement.
+ */
+
 context_mod_list:
         /**/ {
             $$ = Context_mod ().smobbed_copy ();
         }
         | context_mod_list context_mod  {
                if (!SCM_UNBNDP ($2))
-                       unsmob_context_mod ($1)->add_context_mod ($2);
+                       unsmob<Context_mod> ($1)->add_context_mod ($2);
         }
-        | context_mod_list CONTEXT_MOD_IDENTIFIER {
-                 Context_mod *md = unsmob_context_mod ($2);
-                 if (md)
-                     unsmob_context_mod ($1)->add_context_mods (md->get_mods ());
-        }
-       | context_mod_list context_mod_embedded {
-               unsmob_context_mod ($1)->add_context_mods
-                       (unsmob_context_mod ($2)->get_mods ());
+       | context_mod_list context_mod_arg {
+               if (unsmob<Music> ($2)) {
+                       SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("context-mod-music-handler");
+                       $2 = scm_call_1 (proc, $2);
+               }
+               if (unsmob<Context_mod> ($2))
+                       unsmob<Context_mod> ($$)->add_context_mods
+                               (unsmob<Context_mod> ($2)->get_mods ());
+               else if (!scm_is_eq ($2, SCM_UNSPECIFIED))
+                       parser->parser_error (@2, _ ("not a context mod"));
         }
         ;
 
-composite_music:
-       complex_music
+context_prefix:
+       CONTEXT symbol optional_id optional_context_mods {
+               $$ = START_MAKE_SYNTAX (context_specification, $2, $3, $4, SCM_BOOL_F);
+       }
+       | NEWCONTEXT symbol optional_id optional_context_mods {
+               $$ = START_MAKE_SYNTAX (context_specification, $2, $3, $4, SCM_BOOL_T);
+       }
+       ;
+
+new_lyrics:
+       ADDLYRICS optional_context_mods lyric_mode_music {
+               $$ = scm_acons ($3, $2, SCM_EOL);
+       }
+       | new_lyrics ADDLYRICS optional_context_mods lyric_mode_music {
+               $$ = scm_acons ($4, $3, $1);
+       }
+       ;
+
+/* basic_music is basically the same as composite_music but with
+ * context-prefixed music and lyricized music explicitly removed.  The
+ * reason is that in a sequence
+ *
+ *   \new Staff \new Voice { ... } \addlyrics { ... } \addlyrics { ... }
+ *
+ * we need to group both \addlyrics together (as they go with the same
+ * voice) but then combine them with \new Voice { ... }, meaning that
+ * combining \new Voice { ... } needs higher priority than
+ * { ... } \addlyrics, and *not* have \new Staff \new Voice { ... }
+ * combine before combining \new Voice { ... } \addlyrics: only one
+ * layer of context-prefixed music should assemble before \addlyrics
+ * is integrated.  Total mess, and we sort this mess out with explicit
+ * rules preferring a single context-prefix.
+ */
+
+basic_music:
+       music_function_call
+       | repeated_music
        | music_bare
+       | LYRICSTO simple_string lyric_mode_music {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (lyric_combine, @$, $2, SCM_EOL, $3);
+       }
+       | LYRICSTO symbol '=' simple_string lyric_mode_music
+       {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (lyric_combine, @$, $4, $2, $5);
+       }
+       ;
+
+contextable_music:
+       basic_music
+       | pitch_as_music
+       | event_chord
        ;
 
-/* Music that can be parsed without lookahead */
-closed_music:
-       music_bare
-       | complex_music_prefix closed_music
+contexted_basic_music:
+       context_prefix contextable_music new_lyrics
+       {
+               Input i;
+               i.set_location (@1, @2);
+               $$ = FINISH_MAKE_SYNTAX ($1, i, $2);
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (add_lyrics, @$, $$, scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL));
+       } %prec COMPOSITE
+       | context_prefix contextable_music
+       {
+               $$ = FINISH_MAKE_SYNTAX ($1, @$, $2);
+       } %prec COMPOSITE
+       | context_prefix contexted_basic_music
        {
                $$ = FINISH_MAKE_SYNTAX ($1, @$, $2);
        }
-       | music_function_call_closed
+       ;
+
+composite_music:
+       basic_music %prec COMPOSITE
+       | contexted_basic_music
+       | basic_music new_lyrics
+       {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (add_lyrics, @$, $1, scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
+       } %prec COMPOSITE
        ;
 
 music_bare:
@@ -1222,121 +1666,69 @@ grouped_music_list:
        | sequential_music              { $$ = $1; }
        ;
 
-/* An argument list. If a function \foo expects scm scm pitch, then the lexer expands \foo into the token sequence:
- MUSIC_FUNCTION EXPECT_PITCH EXPECT_SCM EXPECT_SCM EXPECT_NO_MORE_ARGS
-and this rule returns the reversed list of arguments. */
-
-/* Function argument lists come in a number of flavors.  Whenever
- * LilyPond has to pick between different flavors, the decision is
- * either made because of tokens it has already seen, or it is
- * postponed until tokens suitable for making the decision come up.
- * For postponing decisions, it may be necessary that the competing
- * rules are written in a way making them compatible until a decision
- * can be made.  Sometimes this is done by putting common traits into
- * a separate "common" rule set.
+/* Function argument lists are arguably the most complex part in the
+ * parser.  They are pretty tricky to understand because of the way
+ * they are processed, and because of optional arguments that can be
+ * omitted.  When there are several optional arguments in a row,
+ * omitting one automatically omits all following arguments.  Optional
+ * arguments can only be omitted when either
+ *
+ * a) the omission is explicitly started with \default
+ * b) the omission is implicitly started by an argument not matching
+ *    its predicate, and there is a mandatory argument later that can
+ *    "catch" the argument that does not fit.
+ *
+ * When argument parsing starts, the lexer pushes EXPECT_SCM tokens
+ * (corresponding to mandatory arguments and having a predicate
+ * function as semantic value) or EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM (where
+ * the semantic value of the EXPECT_OPTIONAL token is the default to
+ * use when the optional argument is omitted, and EXPECT_SCM again has
+ * the argument predicate as semantic value) in reverse order to the
+ * parser, followed by EXPECT_NO_MORE_ARGS.  The argument list is then
+ * processed inside-out while actual tokens are consumed.
+ *
+ * This means that the argument list tokens determine the actions
+ * taken as they arrive.  The structure of the argument list is known
+ * to the parser and stored in its parse stack when the first argument
+ * is being parsed.  What the parser does not know is which predicates
+ * will match and whether or not \default will be appearing in the
+ * argument list, and where.
+ *
+ * Sequences of 0 or more optional arguments are scanned using either
+ * function_arglist_backup or function_arglist_nonbackup.  The first
+ * is used when optional arguments are followed by at least one
+ * mandatory argument: in that case optional arguments may be skipped
+ * by either a false predicate (in which case the expression will be
+ * pushed back as one or more tokens, preceded by a BACKUP token) or
+ * by using \default.
  *
- * function_arglist: a full argument list.  Optional arguments at the
- * end of the list can only be skipped by writing \default in their
- * place.
+ * If optional arguments are at the end of the argument list, they are
+ * instead scanned using function_arglist_nonbackup: here the only
+ * manner to enter into skipping of optional arguments is the use of
+ * \default.
  *
- * function_arglist_backup: an argument list ending in an optional
- * argument that may be skipped depending on its predicate.
+ * The argument list of a normal function call is parsed using
+ * function_arglist.  The part of an argument list before a mandatory
+ * argument is parsed using function_arglist_optional.
  *
- * function_arglist_skip: an argument list _not_ ending in an optional
- * argument that is actually taken.
+ * The difference is that leading optional arguments are scanned using
+ * function_arglist_nonbackup and function_arglist_backup,
+ * respectively.
  *
- * function_arglist_nonbackup: an argument list ending in an optional
- * argument that may not be skipped because it is in end position and
- * has not been shortcircuited with \default.
+ * Most other details are obvious in the rules themselves.
  *
- * function_arglist* / function_arglist_closed*: The closed variants
- * don't end in simple music expressions that might still accept
- * things like a duration or a postevent.
  */
 
-function_arglist_skip:
-       function_arglist_common
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_DURATION function_arglist_skip
-       {
-               $$ = scm_cons ($1, $3);
-       } %prec FUNCTION_ARGLIST
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_skip
-       {
-               $$ = scm_cons ($1, $3);
-       } %prec FUNCTION_ARGLIST
-       ;
-
-
-function_arglist_nonbackup_common:
-       EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist FRACTION
-       {
-               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4, $4, $3, $2);
-       }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed post_event_nofinger
-       {
-               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4, $4, $3, $2);
-       }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed '-' UNSIGNED
-       {
-               SCM n = scm_difference ($5, SCM_UNDEFINED);
-               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, n)))
-                       $$ = scm_cons (n, $3);
-               else {
-                       Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("FingeringEvent", @5);
-                       t->set_property ("digit", $5);
-                       $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4, t->unprotect (),
-                                              $3, $2, n);
-               }
-               
-       }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed '-' REAL
-       {
-               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4,
-                                      scm_difference ($5, SCM_UNDEFINED),
-                                      $3, $2);
-       }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed '-' NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
-       {
-               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4,
-                                      scm_difference ($5, SCM_UNDEFINED),
-                                      $3, $2);
-       }
-       ;
-
-function_arglist_closed_nonbackup:
-       function_arglist_nonbackup_common
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist embedded_scm_arg_closed
-       {
-               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4, $4, $3, $2);
-       }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed bare_number_closed
-       {
-               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4, $4, $3, $2);
-       }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist SCM_IDENTIFIER
-       {
-               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4,
-                                      try_string_variants ($2, $4),
-                                      $3, $2, $4);
-       }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist STRING
-       {
-               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4,
-                                      try_string_variants ($2, $4),
-                                      $3, $2, $4);
-       }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist full_markup
-       {
-               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4, $4, $3, $2);
-       }
-       ;
-
 symbol_list_arg:
        SYMBOL_LIST
        | SYMBOL_LIST '.' symbol_list_rev
        {
                $$ = scm_append (scm_list_2 ($1, scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL)));
        }
+       | SYMBOL_LIST ',' symbol_list_rev
+       {
+               $$ = scm_append (scm_list_2 ($1, scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL)));
+       }
        ;
 
 symbol_list_rev:
@@ -1345,37 +1737,83 @@ symbol_list_rev:
        {
                $$ = scm_append_x (scm_list_2 ($3, $1));
        }
+       | symbol_list_rev ',' symbol_list_part
+       {
+               $$ = scm_append_x (scm_list_2 ($3, $1));
+       }
        ;
 
-// symbol_list_part delivers elements in reverse copy.
+// symbol_list_part delivers elements in reverse copy, no lookahead
 
 symbol_list_part:
-       symbol_list_element
+       symbol_list_part_bare
+       | embedded_scm_bare
        {
-               SCM sym_l_p = ly_lily_module_constant ("symbol-list?");
-               $$ = try_string_variants (sym_l_p, $1);
+               $$ = make_reverse_key_list ($1);
                if (SCM_UNBNDP ($$)) {
-                       parser->parser_error (@1, _("not a symbol"));
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, _("not a key"));
                        $$ = SCM_EOL;
-               } else
-                       $$ = scm_reverse ($$);
+               }
        }
        ;
 
 
 symbol_list_element:
        STRING
-       | embedded_scm_bare
+       {
+               $$ = scm_string_to_symbol ($1);
+       }
+       | UNSIGNED
        ;
 
 
+symbol_list_part_bare:
+       SYMBOL
+       {
+               $$ = try_word_variants (Lily::key_list_p, $1);
+               if (SCM_UNBNDP ($$)) {
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, _("not a key"));
+                       $$ = SCM_EOL;
+               } else
+                       $$ = scm_reverse ($$);
+       }
+       | symbol_list_element
+       {
+               $$ = scm_list_1 ($1);
+       }
+       ;
+
 function_arglist_nonbackup:
-       function_arglist_nonbackup_common
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_DURATION function_arglist_closed duration_length
+       function_arglist_common
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup post_event_nofinger
        {
-               $$ = scm_cons ($4, $3);
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4, $4, $3, $2);
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup '-' UNSIGNED
+       {
+               SCM n = scm_difference ($5, SCM_UNDEFINED);
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, n)))
+                       $$ = scm_cons (n, $3);
+               else {
+                       Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("FingeringEvent", @5);
+                       t->set_property ("digit", $5);
+                       $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4, t->unprotect (),
+                                              $3, $2, n);
+               }
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup '-' REAL
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4,
+                                      scm_difference ($5, SCM_UNDEFINED),
+                                      $3, $2);
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup '-' NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4,
+                                      scm_difference ($5, SCM_UNDEFINED),
+                                      $3, $2);
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist embedded_scm_arg
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup embedded_scm_arg
        {
                if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
                        $$ = scm_cons ($4, $3);
@@ -1385,10 +1823,32 @@ function_arglist_nonbackup:
                                               (parser, @4, $4),
                                               $3, $2);
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed bare_number
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup bare_number_common
        {
                $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4, $4, $3, $2);
        }
+       | function_arglist_nonbackup_reparse REPARSE pitch_or_music
+       {
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $3)))
+                       $$ = scm_cons ($3, $1);
+               else
+                       $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
+                                              make_music_from_simple
+                                              (parser, @3, $3),
+                                              $1, $2);
+       }
+       | function_arglist_nonbackup_reparse REPARSE multiplied_duration
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3, $3, $1, $2);
+       }
+       | function_arglist_nonbackup_reparse REPARSE reparsed_rhythm
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3, $3, $1, $2);
+       }
+       | function_arglist_nonbackup_reparse REPARSE bare_number_common
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3, $3, $1, $2);
+       }
        | function_arglist_nonbackup_reparse REPARSE SCM_ARG
        {
                $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3, $3, $1, $2);
@@ -1403,8 +1863,22 @@ function_arglist_nonbackup:
        }
        ;
 
+
+reparsed_rhythm:
+       DURATION_ARG dots multipliers post_events
+       {
+               $$ = make_music_from_simple (parser, @$,
+                                            make_duration ($1, scm_to_int ($2), $3));
+               Music *m = unsmob<Music> ($$);
+               assert (m);
+               if (scm_is_pair ($4))
+                       m->set_property ("articulations",
+                                        scm_reverse_x ($4, SCM_EOL));
+       } %prec ':'
+       ;
+
 function_arglist_nonbackup_reparse:
-       EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist SCM_IDENTIFIER
+       EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup SCM_IDENTIFIER
        {
                $$ = $3;
                SCM res = try_string_variants ($2, $4);
@@ -1421,7 +1895,29 @@ function_arglist_nonbackup_reparse:
                else
                        MYREPARSE (@4, $2, SCM_ARG, $4);
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist STRING
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup pitch
+       {
+               $$ = $3;
+               if (scm_is_true
+                   (scm_call_1
+                    ($2, make_music_from_simple
+                     (parser, @4, $4))))
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, PITCH_IDENTIFIER, $4);
+               else
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, SCM_ARG, $4);
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup steno_tonic_pitch
+       {
+               $$ = $3;
+               if (scm_is_true
+                   (scm_call_1
+                    ($2, make_music_from_simple
+                     (parser, @4, $4))))
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, TONICNAME_PITCH, $4);
+               else
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, SCM_ARG, $4);
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup STRING
        {
                $$ = $3;
                SCM res = try_string_variants ($2, $4);
@@ -1438,7 +1934,24 @@ function_arglist_nonbackup_reparse:
                else
                        MYREPARSE (@4, $2, SCM_ARG, $4);
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist full_markup
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup SYMBOL
+       {
+               $$ = $3;
+               SCM res = try_word_variants ($2, $4);
+               if (!SCM_UNBNDP (res))
+                       if (scm_is_pair (res))
+                               MYREPARSE (@4, $2, SYMBOL_LIST, res);
+                       else
+                               MYREPARSE (@4, $2, SCM_ARG, res);
+               else if (scm_is_true
+                        (scm_call_1
+                         ($2, make_music_from_simple
+                          (parser, @4, $4))))
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, STRING, $4);
+               else
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, SCM_ARG, $4);
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup full_markup
        {
                $$ = $3;
                if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
@@ -1451,91 +1964,163 @@ function_arglist_nonbackup_reparse:
                else
                        MYREPARSE (@4, $2, SCM_ARG, $4);
        }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup UNSIGNED
+       {
+               $$ = $3;
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
+                       // May be 3 \cm or similar
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, REAL, $4);
+               else if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, scm_list_1 ($4))))
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, SYMBOL_LIST, scm_list_1 ($4));
+               else {
+                       SCM d = make_duration ($4);
+                       if (!SCM_UNBNDP (d)) {
+                               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, d)))
+                                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, DURATION_IDENTIFIER, d);
+                               else if (scm_is_true
+                                        (scm_call_1
+                                         ($2, make_music_from_simple (parser, @4, d))))
+                                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, DURATION_ARG, d);
+                               else
+                                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, SCM_ARG, $4); // trigger error
+                       } else
+                               MYREPARSE (@4, $2, SCM_ARG, $4); // trigger error
+               }
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup DURATION_IDENTIFIER
+       {
+               $$ = $3;
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, DURATION_IDENTIFIER, $4);
+               else if (scm_is_true
+                        (scm_call_1
+                         ($2, make_music_from_simple (parser, @4, $4))))
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, DURATION_ARG, $4);
+               else
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, SCM_ARG, $4); // trigger error
+       }
        ;
 
-function_arglist_keep:
-       function_arglist_common
-       | function_arglist_backup
-       ;
-
-function_arglist_closed_keep:
-       function_arglist_closed_common
-       | function_arglist_backup
-       ;
 
+// function_arglist_backup can't occur at the end of an argument
+// list.
 function_arglist_backup:
-       EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_keep embedded_scm_arg_closed
+       function_arglist_common
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup embedded_scm_arg
        {
                if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
-               {
                        $$ = scm_cons ($4, $3);
-               } else {
-                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@3, $1), $3);
-                       MYBACKUP (SCM_ARG, $4, @4);
+               else {
+                       $$ = make_music_from_simple (parser, @4, $4);
+                       if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $$)))
+                               $$ = scm_cons ($$, $3);
+                       else
+                       {
+                               $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_copy (parser, @3, $1), $3);
+                               MYBACKUP (SCM_ARG, $4, @4);
+                       }
                }
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_keep post_event_nofinger
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup post_event_nofinger
        {
                if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
                {
                        $$ = scm_cons ($4, $3);
                } else {
-                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@3, $1), $3);
+                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_copy (parser, @3, $1), $3);
                        MYBACKUP (EVENT_IDENTIFIER, $4, @4);
                }
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_keep full_markup
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup pitch
        {
-               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
+               if (scm_is_true
+                   (scm_call_1
+                    ($2, make_music_from_simple
+                     (parser, @4, $4))))
+               {
+                       $$ = $3;
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, PITCH_IDENTIFIER, $4);
+               } else if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
                        $$ = scm_cons ($4, $3);
                else {
-                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@3, $1), $3);
-                       MYBACKUP (LYRIC_ELEMENT, $4, @4);
+                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_copy (parser, @3, $1), $3);
+                       MYBACKUP (PITCH_IDENTIFIER, $4, @4);
                }
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_keep UNSIGNED
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup steno_tonic_pitch
        {
-               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
+               if (scm_is_true
+                   (scm_call_1
+                    ($2, make_music_from_simple
+                     (parser, @4, $4))))
                {
                        $$ = $3;
-                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, UNSIGNED, $4);
-               } else {
-                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@3, $1), $3);
-                       MYBACKUP (UNSIGNED, $4, @4);
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, TONICNAME_PITCH, $4);
+               } else if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
+                       $$ = scm_cons ($4, $3);
+               else {
+                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_copy (parser, @3, $1), $3);
+                       MYBACKUP (TONICNAME_PITCH, $4, @4);
                }
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_keep REAL
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup full_markup
        {
                if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
-               {
-                       $$ = $3;
+                       $$ = scm_cons ($4, $3);
+               else {
+                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_copy (parser, @3, $1), $3);
+                       MYBACKUP (SCM_IDENTIFIER, $4, @4);
+               }
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup UNSIGNED
+       {
+               $$ = $3;
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
+                       // May be 3 \cm or similar
                        MYREPARSE (@4, $2, REAL, $4);
-               } else {
-                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@3, $1), $3);
-                       MYBACKUP (REAL, $4, @4);
+               else if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, scm_list_1 ($4))))
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, SYMBOL_LIST, scm_list_1 ($4));
+               else {
+                       SCM d = make_duration ($4);
+                       if (!SCM_UNBNDP (d)) {
+                               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, d)))
+                                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, DURATION_IDENTIFIER, d);
+                               else if (scm_is_true
+                                        (scm_call_1
+                                         ($2, make_music_from_simple (parser, @4, d))))
+                                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, DURATION_ARG, d);
+                               else {
+                                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_copy (parser, @3, $1), $3);
+                                       MYBACKUP (UNSIGNED, $4, @4);
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_copy (parser, @3, $1), $3);
+                               MYBACKUP (UNSIGNED, $4, @4);
+                       }
                }
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_keep NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup REAL
        {
                if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
                {
-                       $$ = scm_cons ($4, $3);
+                       $$ = $3;
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, REAL, $4);
                } else {
-                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@3, $1), $3);
-                       MYBACKUP (NUMBER_IDENTIFIER, $4, @4);
+                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_copy (parser, @3, $1), $3);
+                       MYBACKUP (REAL, $4, @4);
                }
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_keep FRACTION
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
        {
                if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
                {
                        $$ = scm_cons ($4, $3);
                } else {
-                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@3, $1), $3);
-                       MYBACKUP (FRACTION, $4, @4);
+                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_copy (parser, @3, $1), $3);
+                       MYBACKUP (NUMBER_IDENTIFIER, $4, @4);
                }
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_keep '-' UNSIGNED
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup '-' UNSIGNED
        {
                SCM n = scm_difference ($5, SCM_UNDEFINED);
                if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, n))) {
@@ -1548,71 +2133,63 @@ function_arglist_backup:
                        if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $$)))
                                $$ = scm_cons ($$, $3);
                        else {
-                               $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@3, $1), $3);
+                               $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_copy (parser, @3, $1), $3);
                                MYBACKUP (UNSIGNED, $5, @5);
-                               parser->lexer_->push_extra_token ('-');
+                               parser->lexer_->push_extra_token (@4, '-');
                        }
                }
-               
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_keep '-' REAL
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup '-' REAL
        {
                SCM n = scm_difference ($5, SCM_UNDEFINED);
                if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, n))) {
                        MYREPARSE (@5, $2, REAL, n);
                        $$ = $3;
                } else {
-                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@3, $1), $3);
+                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_copy (parser, @3, $1), $3);
                        MYBACKUP (REAL, n, @5);
                }
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_keep '-' NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup '-' NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
        {
                SCM n = scm_difference ($5, SCM_UNDEFINED);
                if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, n))) {
                        $$ = scm_cons (n, $3);
                } else {
-                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@3, $1), $3);
+                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_copy (parser, @3, $1), $3);
                        MYBACKUP (NUMBER_IDENTIFIER, n, @5);
                }
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_keep PITCH_IDENTIFIER
-       {
-               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
-               {
-                       $$ = scm_cons ($4, $3);
-               } else {
-                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@3, $1), $3);
-                       MYBACKUP (PITCH_IDENTIFIER, $4, @4);
-               }
-       }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_keep NOTENAME_PITCH
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup DURATION_IDENTIFIER
        {
+               $$ = $3;
                if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
-               {
-                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, NOTENAME_PITCH, $4);
-                       $$ = $3;
-               } else {
-                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@3, $1), $3);
-                       MYBACKUP (NOTENAME_PITCH, $4, @4);
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, DURATION_IDENTIFIER, $4);
+               else if (scm_is_true
+                        (scm_call_1
+                         ($2, make_music_from_simple (parser, @4, $4))))
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, DURATION_ARG, $4);
+               else {
+                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_copy (parser, @3, $1), $3);
+                       MYBACKUP (DURATION_IDENTIFIER, $4, @4);
                }
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_keep TONICNAME_PITCH
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup SCM_IDENTIFIER
        {
-               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
-               {
-                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, TONICNAME_PITCH, $4);
-                       $$ = $3;
-               } else {
-                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@3, $1), $3);
-                       MYBACKUP (TONICNAME_PITCH, $4, @4);
+               SCM res = try_string_variants ($2, $4);
+               if (!SCM_UNBNDP (res))
+                       if (scm_is_pair (res)) {
+                               $$ = $3;
+                               MYREPARSE (@4, $2, SYMBOL_LIST, res);
+                       }
+                       else
+                               $$ = scm_cons (res, $3);
+               else {
+                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_copy (parser, @3, $1), $3);
+                       MYBACKUP (SCM_IDENTIFIER, $4, @4);
                }
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_DURATION function_arglist_closed_keep duration_length
-       {
-               $$ = scm_cons ($4, $3);
-       }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_keep SCM_IDENTIFIER
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup STRING
        {
                SCM res = try_string_variants ($2, $4);
                if (!SCM_UNBNDP (res))
@@ -1623,13 +2200,13 @@ function_arglist_backup:
                        else
                                $$ = scm_cons (res, $3);
                else {
-                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@3, $1), $3);
-                       MYBACKUP (SCM_IDENTIFIER, $4, @4);
+                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_copy (parser, @3, $1), $3);
+                       MYBACKUP (STRING, $4, @4);
                }
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_keep STRING
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup SYMBOL
        {
-               SCM res = try_string_variants ($2, $4);
+               SCM res = try_word_variants ($2, $4);
                if (!SCM_UNBNDP (res))
                        if (scm_is_pair (res)) {
                                $$ = $3;
@@ -1638,37 +2215,111 @@ function_arglist_backup:
                        else
                                $$ = scm_cons (res, $3);
                else {
-                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@3, $1), $3);
+                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_copy (parser, @3, $1), $3);
                        MYBACKUP (STRING, $4, @4);
                }
        }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup BACKUP
+       | function_arglist_backup REPARSE pitch_or_music
+       {
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $3)))
+                       $$ = scm_cons ($3, $1);
+               else
+                       $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
+                                              make_music_from_simple
+                                              (parser, @3, $3),
+                                              $1, $2);
+       }
+       | function_arglist_backup REPARSE bare_number_common
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
+                                      $3, $1, $2);
+       }
+       | function_arglist_backup REPARSE multiplied_duration
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
+                                      $3, $1, $2);
+       }
+       | function_arglist_backup REPARSE reparsed_rhythm
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
+                                      $3, $1, $2);
+       }
+       | function_arglist_backup REPARSE symbol_list_arg
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3, $3, $1, $2);
+       }
+       ;
+
+function_arglist:
+       function_arglist_nonbackup
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_skip_nonbackup DEFAULT
+       {
+               $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_copy (parser, @4, $1), $3);
+       }
+       ;
+
+function_arglist_skip_nonbackup:
+       function_arglist_nonbackup
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_skip_nonbackup
        {
-               $$ = scm_cons ($1, $3);
-               MYBACKUP(0, SCM_UNDEFINED, @3);
+               $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_copy (parser, @3, $1), $3);
        }
-       | function_arglist_backup REPARSE bare_number
+       ;
+
+// Partial function arglists are returned just in their incomplete
+// state: when combined with the music function, the missing parts of
+// the signature can be reconstructed
+//
+// To serve as a partial arglist, the argument list must absolutely
+// _not_ be in "skipping optional arguments" mode since then there is
+// some backup token that has nowhere to go before \etc.
+//
+// So we can skim off an arbitrary number of arguments from the end of
+// the argument list.  The argument list remaining afterwards has to
+// be in not-skipping-optional-arguments mode.
+
+function_arglist_partial:
+       EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional
        {
-               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
-                                      $3, $1, $2);
+               $$ = $2;
        }
-       | function_arglist_backup REPARSE symbol_list_arg
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_partial_optional
        {
-               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3, $3, $1, $2);
+               $$ = $2;
        }
-       | function_arglist_backup REPARSE pitch_also_in_chords
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonbackup
        {
-               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3, $3, $1, $2);
+               $$ = $3;
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_partial
+       {
+               $$ = $3;
        }
        ;
 
-function_arglist:
-       function_arglist_common
-       | function_arglist_nonbackup
+function_arglist_partial_optional:
+       EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional
+       {
+               $$ = $2;
+       }
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_partial_optional
+       {
+               $$ = $2;
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup
+       {
+               $$ = $3;
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_partial_optional
+       {
+               $$ = $3;
+       }
        ;
 
 function_arglist_common:
-       function_arglist_bare
+       EXPECT_NO_MORE_ARGS {
+               $$ = SCM_EOL;
+       }
        | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional embedded_scm_arg
        {
                if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($1, $3)))
@@ -1679,22 +2330,17 @@ function_arglist_common:
                                               (parser, @3, $3),
                                               $2, $1);
        }
-       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_optional bare_number
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional bare_number_common
        {
                $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
                                       $3, $2, $1);
        }
-       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional FRACTION
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional post_event_nofinger
        {
                $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
                                       $3, $2, $1);
        }
-       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_optional post_event_nofinger
-       {
-               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
-                                      $3, $2, $1);
-       }
-       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_optional '-' NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional '-' NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
        {
                SCM n = scm_difference ($4, SCM_UNDEFINED);
                $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4, n, $2, $1);
@@ -1709,7 +2355,27 @@ function_arglist_common:
                $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
                                       $3, $1, $2);
        }
-       | function_arglist_common_reparse REPARSE bare_number
+       | function_arglist_common_reparse REPARSE pitch_or_music
+       {
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $3)))
+                       $$ = scm_cons ($3, $1);
+               else
+                       $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
+                                              make_music_from_simple
+                                              (parser, @3, $3),
+                                              $1, $2);
+       }
+       | function_arglist_common_reparse REPARSE bare_number_common
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
+                                      $3, $1, $2);
+       }
+       | function_arglist_common_reparse REPARSE multiplied_duration
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
+                                      $3, $1, $2);
+       }
+       | function_arglist_common_reparse REPARSE reparsed_rhythm
        {
                $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
                                       $3, $1, $2);
@@ -1739,6 +2405,28 @@ function_arglist_common_reparse:
                        // know the predicate to be false.
                        MYREPARSE (@3, $1, SCM_ARG, $3);
        }
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional pitch
+       {
+               $$ = $2;
+               if (scm_is_true
+                   (scm_call_1
+                    ($1, make_music_from_simple
+                     (parser, @3, $3))))
+                       MYREPARSE (@3, $1, PITCH_IDENTIFIER, $3);
+               else
+                       MYREPARSE (@3, $1, SCM_ARG, $3);
+       }
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional steno_tonic_pitch
+       {
+               $$ = $2;
+               if (scm_is_true
+                   (scm_call_1
+                    ($1, make_music_from_simple
+                     (parser, @3, $3))))
+                       MYREPARSE (@3, $1, TONICNAME_PITCH, $3);
+               else
+                       MYREPARSE (@3, $1, SCM_ARG, $3);
+       }
        | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional STRING
        {
                $$ = $2;
@@ -1757,6 +2445,24 @@ function_arglist_common_reparse:
                        // know the predicate to be false.
                        MYREPARSE (@3, $1, SCM_ARG, $3);
        }
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional SYMBOL
+       {
+               $$ = $2;
+               SCM res = try_word_variants ($1, $3);
+               if (!SCM_UNBNDP (res))
+                       if (scm_is_pair (res))
+                               MYREPARSE (@3, $1, SYMBOL_LIST, res);
+                       else
+                               MYREPARSE (@3, $1, SCM_ARG, res);
+               else if (scm_is_true
+                        (scm_call_1
+                         ($1, make_music_from_simple (parser, @3, $3))))
+                       MYREPARSE (@3, $1, LYRIC_ELEMENT, $3);
+               else
+                       // This is going to flag a syntax error, we
+                       // know the predicate to be false.
+                       MYREPARSE (@3, $1, SCM_ARG, $3);
+       }
        | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional full_markup
        {
                $$ = $2;
@@ -1771,7 +2477,42 @@ function_arglist_common_reparse:
                        // know the predicate to be false.
                        MYREPARSE (@3, $1, SCM_ARG, $3);
        }
-       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_optional '-' UNSIGNED
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional UNSIGNED
+       {
+               $$ = $2;
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($1, $3)))
+                       // May be 3 \cm or similar
+                       MYREPARSE (@3, $1, REAL, $3);
+               else if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($1, scm_list_1 ($3))))
+                       MYREPARSE (@3, $1, SYMBOL_LIST, scm_list_1 ($3));
+               else {
+                       SCM d = make_duration ($3);
+                       if (!SCM_UNBNDP (d)) {
+                               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($1, d)))
+                                       MYREPARSE (@3, $1, DURATION_IDENTIFIER, d);
+                               else if (scm_is_true
+                                        (scm_call_1
+                                         ($1, make_music_from_simple (parser, @3, d))))
+                                       MYREPARSE (@3, $1, DURATION_ARG, d);
+                               else
+                                       MYREPARSE (@3, $1, SCM_ARG, $3); // trigger error
+                       } else
+                               MYREPARSE (@3, $1, SCM_ARG, $3); // trigger error
+               }
+       }
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional DURATION_IDENTIFIER
+       {
+               $$ = $2;
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($1, $3)))
+                       MYREPARSE (@3, $1, DURATION_IDENTIFIER, $3);
+               else if (scm_is_true
+                        (scm_call_1
+                         ($1, make_music_from_simple (parser, @3, $3))))
+                       MYREPARSE (@3, $1, DURATION_ARG, $3);
+               else
+                       MYREPARSE (@3, $1, SCM_ARG, $3); // trigger error
+       }
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional '-' UNSIGNED
        {
                $$ = $2;
                SCM n = scm_difference ($4, SCM_UNDEFINED);
@@ -1786,9 +2527,8 @@ function_arglist_common_reparse:
                        else
                                MYREPARSE (@4, $1, SCM_ARG, $4);
                }
-               
        }
-       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_optional '-' REAL
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional '-' REAL
        {
                $$ = $2;
                SCM n = scm_difference ($4, SCM_UNDEFINED);
@@ -1796,110 +2536,27 @@ function_arglist_common_reparse:
        }
        ;
 
-function_arglist_closed:
-       function_arglist_closed_common
-       | function_arglist_closed_nonbackup
-       ;
-
-function_arglist_closed_common:
-       function_arglist_bare
-       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional embedded_scm_arg_closed
-       {
-               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
-                                      $3, $2, $1);
-       }
-       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_optional bare_number
-       {
-               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
-                                      $3, $2, $1);
-       }
-       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_optional '-' NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
-       {
-               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
-                                      scm_difference ($4, SCM_UNDEFINED),
-                                      $2, $1);
-       }
-       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_optional post_event_nofinger
-       {
-               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
-                                      $3, $2, $1);
-       }
-       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional FRACTION
-       {
-               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
-                                      $3, $2, $1);
-       }
-       | function_arglist_common_reparse REPARSE SCM_ARG
-       {
-               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
-                                      $3, $1, $2);
-       }
-       | function_arglist_common_reparse REPARSE bare_number
-       {
-               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
-                                      $3, $1, $2);
-       }
-       | function_arglist_common_reparse REPARSE symbol_list_arg
-       {
-               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3, $3, $1, $2);
-       }
-       ;
-
 function_arglist_optional:
-       function_arglist_keep %prec FUNCTION_ARGLIST
-       | function_arglist_backup BACKUP
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_DURATION function_arglist_optional
+       function_arglist_backup
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_skip_backup DEFAULT
        {
-               $$ = scm_cons ($1, $3);
+               $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_copy (parser, @4, $1), $3);
        }
+       | function_arglist_skip_backup BACKUP
        ;
 
-function_arglist_closed_optional:
-       function_arglist_closed_keep %prec FUNCTION_ARGLIST
-       | function_arglist_backup BACKUP
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_DURATION function_arglist_closed_optional
+function_arglist_skip_backup:
+       function_arglist_backup
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_skip_backup
        {
-               $$ = scm_cons ($1, $3);
-       }
-       ;
-
-embedded_scm_closed:
-       embedded_scm_bare
-       | scm_function_call_closed
-       ;
-
-embedded_scm_arg_closed:
-       embedded_scm_bare_arg
-       | scm_function_call_closed
-       | closed_music
-       ;
-
-scm_function_call_closed:
-       SCM_FUNCTION function_arglist_closed {
-               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("music-function", @$,
-                                        $1, $2);
-       } %prec FUNCTION_ARGLIST
-       ;
-
-function_arglist_bare:
-       EXPECT_NO_MORE_ARGS {
-               $$ = SCM_EOL;
-       }
-       | EXPECT_DURATION function_arglist_closed_optional duration_length {
-               $$ = scm_cons ($3, $2);
-       }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_DURATION function_arglist_skip DEFAULT {
-               $$ = scm_cons ($1, $3);
-       }
-       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_skip DEFAULT {
-               $$ = scm_cons ($1, $3);
+               $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_copy (parser, @3, $1), $3);
        }
        ;
 
 music_function_call:
        MUSIC_FUNCTION function_arglist {
-               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("music-function", @$,
-                                        $1, $2);
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (music_function, @$,
+                                 $1, $2);
        }
        ;
 
@@ -1911,38 +2568,28 @@ optional_id:
        }
        ;
 
-complex_music:
-       music_function_call
-       | repeated_music                { $$ = $1; }
-       | re_rhythmed_music     { $$ = $1; }
-       | complex_music_prefix music
-       {
-               $$ = FINISH_MAKE_SYNTAX ($1, @$, $2);
-       }
-       ;
+// We must not have lookahead tokens parsed in lyric mode.  In order
+// to save confusion, we take almost the same set as permitted with
+// \lyricmode and/or \lyrics.  However, music identifiers are also
+// allowed, and they obviously do not require switching into lyrics
+// mode for parsing.
 
-complex_music_prefix:
-       CONTEXT symbol optional_id optional_context_mod {
-                Context_mod *ctxmod = unsmob_context_mod ($4);
-                SCM mods = SCM_EOL;
-                if (ctxmod)
-                        mods = ctxmod->get_mods ();
-               $$ = START_MAKE_SYNTAX ("context-specification", $2, $3, mods, SCM_BOOL_F);
-       }
-       | NEWCONTEXT symbol optional_id optional_context_mod {
-                Context_mod *ctxmod = unsmob_context_mod ($4);
-                SCM mods = SCM_EOL;
-                if (ctxmod)
-                        mods = ctxmod->get_mods ();
-               $$ = START_MAKE_SYNTAX ("context-specification", $2, $3, mods, SCM_BOOL_T);
+lyric_mode_music:
+       {
+               parser->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
+       } grouped_music_list
+       {
+               parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               $$ = $2;
        }
+       | MUSIC_IDENTIFIER
        ;
 
 mode_changed_music:
        mode_changing_head grouped_music_list {
-               if ($1 == ly_symbol2scm ("chords"))
+               if (scm_is_eq ($1, ly_symbol2scm ("chords")))
                {
-                 $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("unrelativable-music", @$, $2);
+                 $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (unrelativable_music, @$, $2);
                }
                else
                {
@@ -1950,15 +2597,11 @@ mode_changed_music:
                }
                parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
        }
-       | mode_changing_head_with_context optional_context_mod grouped_music_list {
-                Context_mod *ctxmod = unsmob_context_mod ($2);
-                SCM mods = SCM_EOL;
-                if (ctxmod)
-                        mods = ctxmod->get_mods ();
-               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("context-specification", @$, $1, SCM_EOL, mods, SCM_BOOL_T, $3);
-               if ($1 == ly_symbol2scm ("ChordNames"))
+       | mode_changing_head_with_context optional_context_mods grouped_music_list {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (context_specification, @$, $1, SCM_EOL, $2, SCM_BOOL_T, $3);
+               if (scm_is_eq ($1, ly_symbol2scm ("ChordNames")))
                {
-                 $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("unrelativable-music", @$, $$);
+                 $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (unrelativable_music, @$, $$);
                }
                parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
        }
@@ -1966,15 +2609,13 @@ mode_changed_music:
 
 mode_changing_head:
        NOTEMODE {
-               SCM nn = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
-               parser->lexer_->push_note_state (nn);
+               parser->lexer_->push_note_state (Lily::pitchnames);
 
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("notes");
        }
        | DRUMMODE
                {
-               SCM nn = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("drumPitchNames");
-               parser->lexer_->push_note_state (nn);
+               parser->lexer_->push_note_state (Lily::drum_pitch_names);
 
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("drums");
        }
@@ -1984,10 +2625,9 @@ mode_changing_head:
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("figures");
        }
        | CHORDMODE {
-               SCM nn = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("chordmodifiers");
-               parser->lexer_->chordmodifier_tab_ = alist_to_hashq (nn);
-               nn = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
-               parser->lexer_->push_chord_state (nn);
+               parser->lexer_->chordmodifier_tab_ =
+                       alist_to_hashq (Lily::chordmodifiers);
+               parser->lexer_->push_chord_state (Lily::pitchnames);
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("chords");
 
        }
@@ -1999,8 +2639,7 @@ mode_changing_head:
 
 mode_changing_head_with_context:
        DRUMS {
-               SCM nn = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("drumPitchNames");
-               parser->lexer_->push_note_state (nn);
+               parser->lexer_->push_note_state (Lily::drum_pitch_names);
 
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("DrumStaff");
        }
@@ -2010,10 +2649,9 @@ mode_changing_head_with_context:
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("FiguredBass");
        }
        | CHORDS {
-               SCM nn = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("chordmodifiers");
-               parser->lexer_->chordmodifier_tab_ = alist_to_hashq (nn);
-               nn = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
-               parser->lexer_->push_chord_state (nn);
+               parser->lexer_->chordmodifier_tab_ =
+                       alist_to_hashq (Lily::chordmodifiers);
+               parser->lexer_->push_chord_state (Lily::pitchnames);
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("ChordNames");
        }
        | LYRICS
@@ -2022,39 +2660,9 @@ mode_changing_head_with_context:
        }
        ;
 
-new_lyrics:
-       ADDLYRICS { parser->lexer_->push_lyric_state (); }
-       /*cont */
-       composite_music {
-       /* Can also use music at the expensive of two S/Rs similar to
-           \repeat \alternative */
-               parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
-
-               $$ = scm_cons ($3, SCM_EOL);
-       }
-       | new_lyrics ADDLYRICS {
-               parser->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
-       } composite_music {
-               parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
-               $$ = scm_cons ($4, $1);
-       }
-       ;
-
-re_rhythmed_music:
-       composite_music new_lyrics {
-               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("add-lyrics", @$, $1, scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
-       } %prec COMPOSITE
-       | LYRICSTO simple_string {
-               parser->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
-       } music {
-               parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
-               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("lyric-combine", @$, $2, $4);
-       }
-       ;
-
 context_change:
-       CHANGE STRING '=' STRING  {
-               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("context-change", @$, scm_string_to_symbol ($2), $4);
+       CHANGE symbol '=' simple_string  {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (context_change, @$, $2, $4);
        }
        ;
 
@@ -2063,9 +2671,6 @@ property_path:
        symbol_list_rev  {
                $$ = scm_reverse_x ($1, SCM_EOL);
        }
-       | symbol_list_rev property_path {
-               $$ = scm_reverse_x ($1, $2);
-       }
        ;
 
 property_operation:
@@ -2075,7 +2680,7 @@ property_operation:
        | UNSET symbol {
                $$ = scm_list_2 (ly_symbol2scm ("unset"), $2);
        }
-       | OVERRIDE property_path '=' scalar {
+       | OVERRIDE revert_arg '=' scalar {
                if (scm_ilength ($2) < 2) {
                        parser->parser_error (@2, _("bad grob property path"));
                        $$ = SCM_UNDEFINED;
@@ -2139,10 +2744,14 @@ revert_arg_part:
        {
                $$ = scm_append_x (scm_list_2 ($5, $3));
        }
+       | revert_arg_backup BACKUP SCM_ARG ',' symbol_list_part
+       {
+               $$ = scm_append_x (scm_list_2 ($5, $3));
+       }
        | revert_arg_backup BACKUP SCM_ARG symbol_list_part
        {
                $$ = scm_append_x (scm_list_2 ($4, $3));
-       }               
+       }
        ;
 
 context_def_mod:
@@ -2164,11 +2773,14 @@ context_mod:
        | context_def_mod STRING {
                $$ = scm_list_2 ($1, $2);
        }
+       | context_def_mod SYMBOL {
+               $$ = scm_list_2 ($1, $2);
+       }
        | context_def_mod embedded_scm
        {
                if (!scm_is_string ($2)
-                   && ly_symbol2scm ("consists") != $1
-                   && ly_symbol2scm ("remove") != $1)
+                   && !scm_is_eq ($1, ly_symbol2scm ("consists"))
+                   && !scm_is_eq ($1, ly_symbol2scm ("remove")))
                {
                        $$ = SCM_EOL;
                        parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("only \\consists and \\remove take non-string argument."));
@@ -2239,43 +2851,6 @@ context_prop_spec:
        }
        ;
 
-simple_music_property_def:
-       OVERRIDE grob_prop_path '=' scalar {
-               if (SCM_UNBNDP ($2))
-                       $$ = SCM_UNDEFINED;
-               else {
-                       $$ = scm_list_5 (scm_car ($2),
-                                        ly_symbol2scm ("OverrideProperty"),
-                                        scm_cadr ($2),
-                                        $4,
-                                        scm_cddr ($2));
-               }
-       }
-       | REVERT simple_revert_context revert_arg {
-               $$ = scm_list_4 ($2,
-                                ly_symbol2scm ("RevertProperty"),
-                                scm_car ($3),
-                                scm_cdr ($3));
-       }
-       | SET context_prop_spec '=' scalar {
-               if (SCM_UNBNDP ($2))
-                       $$ = SCM_UNDEFINED;
-               else
-                       $$ = scm_list_4 (scm_car ($2),
-                                        ly_symbol2scm ("PropertySet"),
-                                        scm_cadr ($2),
-                                        $4);
-       }
-       | UNSET context_prop_spec {
-               if (SCM_UNBNDP ($2))
-                       $$ = SCM_UNDEFINED;
-               else
-                       $$ = scm_list_3 (scm_car ($2),
-                                        ly_symbol2scm ("PropertyUnset"),
-                                        scm_cadr ($2));
-       }
-       ;
-
 
 // This is all quite awkward for the sake of substantial backward
 // compatibility while at the same time allowing a more "natural" form
@@ -2300,34 +2875,70 @@ simple_revert_context:
                    (scm_object_property (scm_car ($1),
                                          ly_symbol2scm ("is-grob?")))) {
                        $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("Bottom");
-                       parser->lexer_->push_extra_token (SCM_IDENTIFIER, $1);
+                       parser->lexer_->push_extra_token (@1, SCM_IDENTIFIER, $1);
                } else {
                        $$ = scm_car ($1);
-                       parser->lexer_->push_extra_token (SCM_IDENTIFIER,
+                       parser->lexer_->push_extra_token (@1, SCM_IDENTIFIER,
                                                          scm_cdr ($1));
                }
        }
        ;
 
 music_property_def:
-       simple_music_property_def {
-               if (SCM_UNBNDP ($1))
-                       $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("void-music", @1);
+       OVERRIDE grob_prop_path '=' scalar {
+               if (SCM_UNBNDP ($2))
+                       $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (void_music, @$);
+               else
+                       $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (property_override, @$,
+                                         scm_car ($2),
+                                         scm_cdr ($2),
+                                         $4);
+       }
+       | REVERT simple_revert_context revert_arg {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (property_revert, @$, $2, $3);
+       }
+       | SET context_prop_spec '=' scalar {
+               if (SCM_UNBNDP ($2))
+                       $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (void_music, @$);
+               else
+                       $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (property_set, @$,
+                                         scm_car ($2),
+                                         scm_cadr ($2),
+                                         $4);
+       }
+       | UNSET context_prop_spec {
+               if (SCM_UNBNDP ($2))
+                       $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (void_music, @$);
                else
-                       $$ = LOWLEVEL_MAKE_SYNTAX (ly_lily_module_constant ("property-operation"), scm_cons2 (parser->self_scm (), make_input (@$), $1));
+                       $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (property_unset, @$,
+                                         scm_car ($2),
+                                         scm_cadr ($2));
        }
        ;
 
 string:
-       STRING {
-               $$ = $1;
-       }
+       STRING
+       | SYMBOL
        | full_markup
        ;
 
-simple_string: STRING {
-               $$ = $1;
+text:
+       STRING
+       | SYMBOL
+       | full_markup
+       | embedded_scm_bare
+       {
+               if (Text_interface::is_markup ($1)) {
+                       $$ = $1;
+               } else {
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, (_ ("markup expected")));
+                       $$ = scm_string (SCM_EOL);
+               }
        }
+       ;
+
+simple_string: STRING
+       | SYMBOL
        | embedded_scm_bare
        {
                if (scm_is_string ($1)) {
@@ -2343,12 +2954,17 @@ symbol:
        STRING {
                $$ = scm_string_to_symbol ($1);
        }
+       | SYMBOL
+       {
+               if (!is_regular_identifier ($1, false))
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, (_ ("symbol expected")));
+               $$ = scm_string_to_symbol ($1);
+       }
        | embedded_scm_bare
        {
                // This is a bit of overkill but makes the same
                // routine responsible for all symbol interpretations.
-               $$ = try_string_variants (ly_lily_module_constant ("symbol?"),
-                                         $1);
+               $$ = try_string_variants (Guile_user::symbol_p, $1);
                if (SCM_UNBNDP ($$))
                {
                        parser->parser_error (@1, (_ ("symbol expected")));
@@ -2361,6 +2977,7 @@ symbol:
 
 scalar:
        embedded_scm_arg
+       | pitch_or_music
        | SCM_IDENTIFIER
        | bare_number
        // The following is a rather defensive variant of admitting
@@ -2374,63 +2991,34 @@ scalar:
        {
                $$ = scm_difference ($2, SCM_UNDEFINED);
        }
-       | FRACTION
-       | STRING
-       | full_markup
-       ;
-
-scalar_closed:
-       embedded_scm_arg_closed
-       | SCM_IDENTIFIER
-       // for scalar_closed to be an actually closed (no lookahead)
-       // expression, we'd need to use bare_number_closed here.  It
-       // turns out that the only use of scalar_closed in TEMPO is
-       // not of the kind requiring the full closedness criterion.
-       | bare_number
-       | '-' bare_number
+       | string
+       | symbol_list_part_bare '.' property_path
        {
-               $$ = scm_difference ($2, SCM_UNDEFINED);
+               $$ = scm_reverse_x ($1, $3);
+       }
+       | symbol_list_part_bare ',' property_path
+       {
+               $$ = scm_reverse_x ($1, $3);
        }
-       | FRACTION
-       | STRING
-       | full_markup
        ;
 
-
 event_chord:
        simple_element post_events {
                // Let the rhythmic music iterator sort this mess out.
                if (scm_is_pair ($2)) {
-                       $$ = make_music_from_simple (parser, @1, $1);
-                       if (unsmob_music ($$))
-                                unsmob_music ($$)->set_property ("articulations",
-                                                                 scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
-                        else
-                                parser->parser_error (@1, _("music expected"));
+                       unsmob<Music> ($$)->set_property ("articulations",
+                                                        scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
                }
-       }
-       | simple_chord_elements post_events     {
-               SCM elts = ly_append2 ($1, scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
-
-               Input i;
-               /* why is this giving wrong start location? -ns
-                * i = @$; */
-               i.set_location (@1, @2);
-               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("event-chord", i, elts);
-       }
+       } %prec ':'
        | CHORD_REPETITION optional_notemode_duration post_events {
-               Input i;
-               i.set_location (@1, @3);
-               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("repetition-chord", i,
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (repetition_chord, @$,
                                  $2, scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL));
-       }
+       } %prec ':'
        | MULTI_MEASURE_REST optional_notemode_duration post_events {
-               Input i;
-               i.set_location (@1, @3);
-               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("multi-measure-rest", i, $2,
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (multi_measure_rest, @$, $2,
                                  scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL));
-       }
-       | command_element
+       } %prec ':'
+       | tempo_event
        | note_chord_element
        ;
 
@@ -2438,25 +3026,29 @@ event_chord:
 note_chord_element:
        chord_body optional_notemode_duration post_events
        {
-               Music *m = unsmob_music ($1);
-               SCM dur = unsmob_duration ($2)->smobbed_copy ();
+               Music *m = unsmob<Music> ($1);
+               SCM dur = unsmob<Duration> ($2)->smobbed_copy ();
                SCM es = m->get_property ("elements");
                SCM postevs = scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL);
 
                for (SCM s = es; scm_is_pair (s); s = scm_cdr (s))
-                 unsmob_music (scm_car (s))->set_property ("duration", dur);
+                 unsmob<Music> (scm_car (s))->set_property ("duration", dur);
                es = ly_append2 (es, postevs);
 
-               m-> set_property ("elements", es);
-               m->set_spot (@$);
+               m->set_property ("elements", es);
+               m->set_spot (parser->lexer_->override_input (@$));
                $$ = m->self_scm ();
-       }
+       } %prec ':'
        ;
 
 chord_body:
        ANGLE_OPEN chord_body_elements ANGLE_CLOSE
        {
-               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("event-chord", @$, scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (event_chord, @$, scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
+       }
+       | FIGURE_OPEN figure_list FIGURE_CLOSE
+       {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (event_chord, @$, scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
        }
        ;
 
@@ -2469,7 +3061,7 @@ chord_body_elements:
        ;
 
 chord_body_element:
-       pitch exclamations questions octave_check post_events
+       pitch_or_tonic_pitch exclamations questions octave_check post_events
        {
                bool q = to_boolean ($3);
                bool ex = to_boolean ($2);
@@ -2507,11 +3099,11 @@ chord_body_element:
        }
        | music_function_chord_body
        {
-               Music *m = unsmob_music ($1);
+               Music *m = unsmob<Music> ($1);
 
                while (m && m->is_mus_type ("music-wrapper-music")) {
                        $$ = m->get_property ("element");
-                       m = unsmob_music ($$);
+                       m = unsmob<Music> ($$);
                }
 
                if (!(m && m->is_mus_type ("rhythmic-event"))) {
@@ -2524,47 +3116,23 @@ chord_body_element:
 music_function_chord_body:
        music_function_call
        | MUSIC_IDENTIFIER
-       ;
-
-// Event functions may only take closed arglists, otherwise it would
-// not be clear whether a following postevent should be associated
-// with the last argument of the event function or with the expression
-// for which the function call acts itself as event.
-
-music_function_call_closed:
-       MUSIC_FUNCTION function_arglist_closed {
-               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("music-function", @$,
-                                        $1, $2);
-       }
+       | embedded_scm
        ;
 
 event_function_event:
-       EVENT_FUNCTION function_arglist_closed {
-               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("music-function", @$,
-                                        $1, $2);
+       EVENT_FUNCTION function_arglist {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (music_function, @$,
+                                 $1, $2);
        }
        ;
 
-command_element:
-       command_event {
-               $$ = $1;
-       }
-       ;
-
-command_event:
-       tempo_event {
-               $$ = $1;
-       }
-       ;
-
-
 post_events:
        /* empty */ {
                $$ = SCM_EOL;
        }
        | post_events post_event {
                $$ = $1;
-               if (Music *m = unsmob_music ($2))
+               if (Music *m = unsmob<Music> ($2))
                {
                        if (m->is_mus_type ("post-event-wrapper"))
                        {
@@ -2575,7 +3143,7 @@ post_events:
                                        $$ = scm_cons (scm_car (p), $$);
                                }
                        } else {
-                               m->set_spot (@2);
+                               m->set_spot (parser->lexer_->override_input (@2));
                                $$ = scm_cons ($2, $$);
                        }
                }
@@ -2586,14 +3154,14 @@ post_event_nofinger:
        direction_less_event {
                $$ = $1;
        }
-       | script_dir music_function_call_closed {
+       | script_dir music_function_call {
                $$ = $2;
-               if (!unsmob_music ($2)->is_mus_type ("post-event")) {
+               if (!unsmob<Music> ($2)->is_mus_type ("post-event")) {
                        parser->parser_error (@2, _ ("post-event expected"));
                        $$ = SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
                } else if (!SCM_UNBNDP ($1))
                {
-                       unsmob_music ($$)->set_property ("direction", $1);
+                       unsmob<Music> ($$)->set_property ("direction", $1);
                }
        }
        | HYPHEN {
@@ -2609,7 +3177,7 @@ post_event_nofinger:
        | script_dir direction_reqd_event {
                if (!SCM_UNBNDP ($1))
                {
-                       Music *m = unsmob_music ($2);
+                       Music *m = unsmob<Music> ($2);
                        m->set_property ("direction", $1);
                }
                $$ = $2;
@@ -2617,7 +3185,7 @@ post_event_nofinger:
        | script_dir direction_less_event {
                if (!SCM_UNBNDP ($1))
                {
-                       Music *m = unsmob_music ($2);
+                       Music *m = unsmob<Music> ($2);
                        m->set_property ("direction", $1);
                }
                $$ = $2;
@@ -2625,13 +3193,13 @@ post_event_nofinger:
        | '^' fingering
        {
                $$ = $2;
-               unsmob_music ($$)->set_property ("direction", scm_from_int (UP));
+               unsmob<Music> ($$)->set_property ("direction", scm_from_int (UP));
        }
        | '_' fingering
        {
                $$ = $2;
-               unsmob_music ($$)->set_property ("direction", scm_from_int (DOWN));
-       }                       
+               unsmob<Music> ($$)->set_property ("direction", scm_from_int (DOWN));
+       }
        ;
 
 post_event:
@@ -2659,7 +3227,7 @@ direction_less_event:
                a->set_property ("tremolo-type", $1);
                $$ = a->unprotect ();
         }
-       | event_function_event  
+       | event_function_event
        ;
 
 direction_reqd_event:
@@ -2668,11 +3236,21 @@ direction_reqd_event:
        }
        | script_abbreviation {
                SCM s = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("dash" + ly_scm2string ($1));
-               Music *a = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("ArticulationEvent", @$);
-               if (scm_is_string (s))
+               if (scm_is_string (s)) {
+                       Music *a = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("ArticulationEvent", @$);
                        a->set_property ("articulation-type", s);
-               else parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("expecting string as script definition"));
-               $$ = a->unprotect ();
+                       $$ = a->unprotect ();
+               } else {
+                       Music *original = unsmob<Music> (s);
+                       if (original && original->is_mus_type ("post-event")) {
+                               Music *a = original->clone ();
+                               a->set_spot (parser->lexer_->override_input (@$));
+                               $$ = a->unprotect ();
+                       } else {
+                               parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("expecting string or post-event as script definition"));
+                               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("PostEvents", @$)->unprotect ();
+                       }
+               }
        }
        ;
 
@@ -2712,8 +3290,8 @@ steno_pitch:
        NOTENAME_PITCH quotes {
                 if (!scm_is_eq (SCM_INUM0, $2))
                 {
-                        Pitch p = *unsmob_pitch ($1);
-                        p = p.transposed (Pitch (scm_to_int ($2),0,0));
+                        Pitch p = *unsmob<Pitch> ($1);
+                        p = p.transposed (Pitch (scm_to_int ($2), 0));
                         $$ = p.smobbed_copy ();
                 }
        }
@@ -2727,8 +3305,8 @@ steno_tonic_pitch:
        TONICNAME_PITCH quotes {
                 if (!scm_is_eq (SCM_INUM0, $2))
                 {
-                        Pitch p = *unsmob_pitch ($1);
-                        p = p.transposed (Pitch (scm_to_int ($2),0,0));
+                        Pitch p = *unsmob<Pitch> ($1);
+                        p = p.transposed (Pitch (scm_to_int ($2), 0));
                         $$ = p.smobbed_copy ();
                 }
        }
@@ -2736,10 +3314,17 @@ steno_tonic_pitch:
 
 pitch:
        steno_pitch
-       | PITCH_IDENTIFIER
+       | PITCH_IDENTIFIER quotes {
+                if (!scm_is_eq (SCM_INUM0, $2))
+                {
+                        Pitch p = *unsmob<Pitch> ($1);
+                        p = p.transposed (Pitch (scm_to_int ($2), 0));
+                        $$ = p.smobbed_copy ();
+                }
+       }
        ;
 
-pitch_also_in_chords:
+pitch_or_tonic_pitch:
        pitch
        | steno_tonic_pitch
        ;
@@ -2756,9 +3341,16 @@ gen_text_def:
                        make_simple_markup ($1));
                $$ = t->unprotect ();
        }
-       | embedded_scm_closed
+       | SYMBOL {
+               // Flag a warning? could be unintentional
+               Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TextScriptEvent", @$);
+               t->set_property ("text",
+                       make_simple_markup ($1));
+               $$ = t->unprotect ();
+       }
+       | embedded_scm
        {
-               Music *m = unsmob_music ($1);
+               Music *m = unsmob<Music> ($1);
                if (m && m->is_mus_type ("post-event"))
                        $$ = $1;
                else if (Text_interface::is_markup ($1)) {
@@ -2780,25 +3372,25 @@ fingering:
 
 script_abbreviation:
        '^'             {
-               $$ = scm_from_locale_string ("Hat");
+               $$ = scm_from_ascii_string ("Hat");
        }
        | '+'           {
-               $$ = scm_from_locale_string ("Plus");
+               $$ = scm_from_ascii_string ("Plus");
        }
        | '-'           {
-               $$ = scm_from_locale_string ("Dash");
+               $$ = scm_from_ascii_string ("Dash");
        }
        | '!'           {
-               $$ = scm_from_locale_string ("Bang");
+               $$ = scm_from_ascii_string ("Bang");
        }
        | ANGLE_CLOSE   {
-               $$ = scm_from_locale_string ("Larger");
+               $$ = scm_from_ascii_string ("Larger");
        }
        | '.'           {
-               $$ = scm_from_locale_string ("Dot");
+               $$ = scm_from_ascii_string ("Dot");
        }
        | '_' {
-               $$ = scm_from_locale_string ("Underscore");
+               $$ = scm_from_ascii_string ("Underscore");
        }
        ;
 
@@ -2808,19 +3400,13 @@ script_dir:
        | '-'   { $$ = SCM_UNDEFINED; }
        ;
 
-duration_length:
-       multiplied_duration {
-               $$ = $1;
-       }
-       ;
-
 maybe_notemode_duration:
        {
                $$ = SCM_UNDEFINED;
-       }
+       } %prec ':'
        | multiplied_duration   {
                $$ = $1;
-               parser->default_duration_ = *unsmob_duration ($$);
+               parser->default_duration_ = *unsmob<Duration> ($$);
        }
 ;
 
@@ -2835,36 +3421,21 @@ optional_notemode_duration:
 
 steno_duration:
        UNSIGNED dots           {
-               int len = 0;
-                int n = scm_to_int ($1);
-               if (!is_duration (n))
-                       parser->parser_error (@1, _f ("not a duration: %d", n));
-               else
-                       len = intlog2 (n);
-
-               $$ = Duration (len, scm_to_int ($2)).smobbed_copy ();
+               $$ = make_duration ($1, scm_to_int ($2));
+               if (SCM_UNBNDP ($$))
+               {
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("not a duration"));
+                       $$ = Duration ().smobbed_copy ();
+               }
        }
        | DURATION_IDENTIFIER dots      {
-               Duration *d = unsmob_duration ($1);
-               Duration k (d->duration_log (),
-                            d->dot_count () + scm_to_int ($2));
-               k = k.compressed (d->factor ());
-                scm_remember_upto_here_1 ($1);
-               $$ = k.smobbed_copy ();
+               $$ = make_duration ($1, scm_to_int ($2));
        }
        ;
 
 multiplied_duration:
-       steno_duration {
-               $$ = $1;
-       }
-       | multiplied_duration '*' UNSIGNED {
-               $$ = unsmob_duration ($$)->compressed (scm_to_int ($3)).smobbed_copy ();
-       }
-       | multiplied_duration '*' FRACTION {
-               Rational  m (scm_to_int (scm_car ($3)), scm_to_int (scm_cdr ($3)));
-
-               $$ = unsmob_duration ($$)->compressed (m).smobbed_copy ();
+       steno_duration multipliers {
+               $$ = make_duration ($1, 0, $2);
        }
        ;
 
@@ -2877,22 +3448,48 @@ dots:
        }
        ;
 
+multipliers:
+       /* empty */
+       {
+               $$ = SCM_UNDEFINED;
+       }
+       | multipliers '*' UNSIGNED
+       {
+               if (!SCM_UNBNDP ($1))
+                       $$ = scm_product ($1, $3);
+               else
+                       $$ = $3;
+       }
+       | multipliers '*' FRACTION
+       {
+               if (!SCM_UNBNDP ($1))
+                       $$ = scm_product ($1, scm_divide (scm_car ($3),
+                                                         scm_cdr ($3)));
+               else
+                       $$ = scm_divide (scm_car ($3), scm_cdr ($3));
+       }
+       ;
+
 tremolo_type:
        ':'     {
-               $$ = SCM_INUM0;
+               $$ = scm_from_int (parser->default_tremolo_type_);
        }
        | ':' UNSIGNED {
-                int n = scm_to_int ($2);
-               if (!is_duration (n))
-                       parser->parser_error (@2, _f ("not a duration: %d", n));
-               $$ = $2;
+               if (SCM_UNBNDP (make_duration ($2))) {
+                       parser->parser_error (@2, _ ("not a duration"));
+                       $$ = scm_from_int (parser->default_tremolo_type_);
+               } else {
+                       $$ = $2;
+                       parser->default_tremolo_type_ = scm_to_int ($2);
+               }
        }
        ;
 
 bass_number:
-       UNSIGNED { $$ = $1; }
-       | STRING { $$ = $1; }
-       | full_markup { $$ = $1; }
+       UNSIGNED
+       | STRING
+       | SYMBOL
+       | full_markup
        | embedded_scm_bare
        {
                // as an integer, it needs to be non-negative, and otherwise
@@ -2931,10 +3528,10 @@ bass_figure:
        }
        | bass_figure ']' {
                $$ = $1;
-               unsmob_music ($1)->set_property ("bracket-stop", SCM_BOOL_T);
+               unsmob<Music> ($1)->set_property ("bracket-stop", SCM_BOOL_T);
        }
        | bass_figure figured_bass_alteration {
-               Music *m = unsmob_music ($1);
+               Music *m = unsmob<Music> ($1);
                if (scm_to_double ($2)) {
                        SCM salter = m->get_property ("alteration");
                        SCM alter = scm_is_number (salter) ? salter : scm_from_int (0);
@@ -2945,7 +3542,7 @@ bass_figure:
                }
        }
        | bass_figure figured_bass_modification  {
-               Music *m = unsmob_music ($1);
+               Music *m = unsmob<Music> ($1);
                m->set_property ($2, SCM_BOOL_T);
        }
        ;
@@ -2972,7 +3569,7 @@ br_bass_figure:
        }
        | '[' bass_figure {
                $$ = $2;
-               unsmob_music ($$)->set_property ("bracket-start", SCM_BOOL_T);
+               unsmob<Music> ($$)->set_property ("bracket-start", SCM_BOOL_T);
        }
        ;
 
@@ -2985,56 +3582,72 @@ figure_list:
        }
        ;
 
-figure_spec:
-       FIGURE_OPEN figure_list FIGURE_CLOSE {
-               $$ = scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL);
-       }
-       ;
-
-
 optional_rest:
        /**/   { $$ = SCM_BOOL_F; }
        | REST { $$ = SCM_BOOL_T; }
        ;
 
-simple_element:
-       pitch exclamations questions octave_check maybe_notemode_duration optional_rest {
+pitch_or_music:
+       pitch exclamations questions octave_check maybe_notemode_duration optional_rest post_events {
                if (!parser->lexer_->is_note_state ())
                        parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Note mode for notes"));
                if (!SCM_UNBNDP ($2)
                     || !SCM_UNBNDP ($3)
                     || scm_is_number ($4)
                     || !SCM_UNBNDP ($5)
-                    || scm_is_true ($6))
+                    || scm_is_true ($6)
+                   || scm_is_pair ($7))
                {
                        Music *n = 0;
                        if (scm_is_true ($6))
                                n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("RestEvent", @$);
                        else
                                n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent", @$);
-                       
+
                        n->set_property ("pitch", $1);
                        if (SCM_UNBNDP ($5))
                                n->set_property ("duration",
                                                 parser->default_duration_.smobbed_copy ());
                        else
                                n->set_property ("duration", $5);
-                       
+
                        if (scm_is_number ($4))
                        {
                                int q = scm_to_int ($4);
                                n->set_property ("absolute-octave", scm_from_int (q-1));
                        }
-                       
+
                        if (to_boolean ($3))
                                n->set_property ("cautionary", SCM_BOOL_T);
                        if (to_boolean ($2) || to_boolean ($3))
                                n->set_property ("force-accidental", SCM_BOOL_T);
-                       
+                       if (scm_is_pair ($7))
+                               n->set_property ("articulations",
+                                                scm_reverse_x ($7, SCM_EOL));
                        $$ = n->unprotect ();
                }
-       }
-       | DRUM_PITCH optional_notemode_duration {
+       } %prec ':'
+       | new_chord post_events {
+               if (!parser->lexer_->is_chord_state ())
+                        parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Chord mode for chords"));
+               if (scm_is_pair ($2)) {
+                       if (unsmob<Pitch> ($1))
+                               $1 = make_chord_elements (@1,
+                                                         $1,
+                                                         parser->default_duration_.smobbed_copy (),
+                                                         SCM_EOL);
+
+                       SCM elts = ly_append2 ($1, scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
+
+                       $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (event_chord, @1, elts);
+               } else if (!unsmob<Pitch> ($1))
+                       $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (event_chord, @1, $1);
+               // A mere pitch drops through.
+       } %prec ':'
+       ;
+
+simple_element:
+       DRUM_PITCH optional_notemode_duration {
                Music *n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent", @$);
                n->set_property ("duration", $2);
                n->set_property ("drum-type", $1);
@@ -3056,30 +3669,20 @@ simple_element:
        }
        ;
 
-simple_chord_elements:
-       new_chord {
-                if (!parser->lexer_->is_chord_state ())
-                        parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Chord mode for chords"));
-                $$ = $1;
-       }
-       | figure_spec optional_notemode_duration {
-               for (SCM s = $1; scm_is_pair (s); s = scm_cdr (s))
-               {
-                       unsmob_music (scm_car (s))->set_property ("duration", $2);
-               }
-               $$ = $1;
-       }
-       ;
-
 lyric_element:
        full_markup {
                if (!parser->lexer_->is_lyric_state ())
                        parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("markup outside of text script or \\lyricmode"));
                $$ = $1;
        }
+       | SYMBOL {
+               if (!parser->lexer_->is_lyric_state ())
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, _f ("not a note name: %s", ly_scm2string ($1)));
+               $$ = $1;
+       }
        | STRING {
                if (!parser->lexer_->is_lyric_state ())
-                       parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("unrecognized string, not in text script or \\lyricmode"));
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("string outside of text script or \\lyricmode"));
                $$ = $1;
        }
        | LYRIC_ELEMENT
@@ -3087,21 +3690,25 @@ lyric_element:
 
 lyric_element_music:
        lyric_element optional_notemode_duration post_events {
-               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("lyric-event", @$, $1, $2);
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (lyric_event, @$, $1, $2);
                if (scm_is_pair ($3))
-                       unsmob_music ($$)->set_property
+                       unsmob<Music> ($$)->set_property
                                ("articulations", scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL));
-       }
+       } %prec ':'
        ;
 
+// Can return a single pitch rather than a list.
 new_chord:
-       steno_tonic_pitch optional_notemode_duration   {
-               $$ = make_chord_elements (@$, $1, $2, SCM_EOL);
+       steno_tonic_pitch maybe_notemode_duration   {
+               if (SCM_UNBNDP ($2))
+                       $$ = $1;
+               else
+                       $$ = make_chord_elements (@$, $1, $2, SCM_EOL);
        }
        | steno_tonic_pitch optional_notemode_duration chord_separator chord_items {
                SCM its = scm_reverse_x ($4, SCM_EOL);
                $$ = make_chord_elements (@$, $1, $2, scm_cons ($3, its));
-       }
+       } %prec ':'
        ;
 
 chord_items:
@@ -3160,10 +3767,10 @@ step_number:
        ;
 
 tempo_range:
-       UNSIGNED {
+       unsigned_number {
                $$ = $1;
-       }
-       | UNSIGNED '-' UNSIGNED {
+       } %prec ':'
+       | unsigned_number '-' unsigned_number {
                $$ = scm_cons ($1, $3);
        }
        ;
@@ -3203,26 +3810,43 @@ number_factor:
        | bare_number
        ;
 
+bare_number_common:
+       REAL
+       | NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
+       | REAL NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
+       {
+               $$ = scm_product ($1, $2);
+       }
+       ;
 
 bare_number:
-       bare_number_closed
+       bare_number_common
+       | UNSIGNED
        | UNSIGNED NUMBER_IDENTIFIER    {
                $$ = scm_product ($1, $2);
        }
-       | REAL NUMBER_IDENTIFIER        {
-               $$ = scm_product ($1, $2);
-       }
-       ;
-
-bare_number_closed:
-       UNSIGNED
-       | REAL
-       | NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
        ;
 
 unsigned_number:
        UNSIGNED
        | NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
+       {
+               if (!scm_is_integer ($1)
+                   || scm_is_true (scm_negative_p ($1)))
+               {
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, _("not an unsigned integer"));
+                       $$ = SCM_INUM0;
+               }
+       }
+       | embedded_scm
+       {
+               if (!scm_is_integer ($1)
+                   || scm_is_true (scm_negative_p ($1)))
+               {
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, _("not an unsigned integer"));
+                       $$ = SCM_INUM0;
+               }
+       }
        ;
 
 exclamations:
@@ -3237,7 +3861,13 @@ exclamations:
        ;
 
 questions:
-       { $$ = SCM_UNDEFINED; }
+// This precedence rule is rather weird.  It triggers when '!' is
+// encountered after a pitch, and is used for deciding whether to save
+// this instead for a figure modification.  This should not actually
+// occur in practice as pitches and figures are generated in different
+// modes.  Using a greedy (%right) precedence makes sure that we don't
+// get stuck in a wrong interpretation.
+       { $$ = SCM_UNDEFINED; } %prec ':'
        | questions '?'
         {
                 if (SCM_UNBNDP ($1))
@@ -3256,22 +3886,35 @@ full_markup_list:
        }
        ;
 
-full_markup:
+markup_mode:
        MARKUP
-               { parser->lexer_->push_markup_state (); }
-       markup_top {
-               $$ = $3;
+       {
+               parser->lexer_->push_markup_state ();
+       }
+       ;
+
+full_markup:
+       markup_mode markup_top {
+               $$ = $2;
+               parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
+       }
+       ;
+
+partial_markup:
+       markup_mode markup_partial_function ETC
+       {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (partial_markup, @2, $2);
                parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
        }
        ;
 
 markup_top:
-       simple_markup_list {
-               $$ = scm_list_2 (ly_lily_module_constant ("line-markup"),  $1);
+       markup_list {
+               $$ = scm_list_2 (Lily::line_markup,  $1);
        }
        | markup_head_1_list simple_markup
        {
-               $$ = scm_car (MAKE_SYNTAX ("composed-markup-list",
+               $$ = scm_car (MAKE_SYNTAX (composed_markup_list,
                                           @2, $1, scm_list_1 ($2)));
        }
        | simple_markup {
@@ -3280,7 +3923,7 @@ markup_top:
        ;
 
 markup_scm:
-       embedded_scm_bare
+       embedded_scm
        {
                if (Text_interface::is_markup ($1))
                        MYBACKUP (MARKUP_IDENTIFIER, $1, @1);
@@ -3292,9 +3935,9 @@ markup_scm:
                }
        } BACKUP
        ;
-                       
 
-simple_markup_list:
+
+markup_list:
        markup_composed_list {
                $$ = $1;
        }
@@ -3312,29 +3955,24 @@ markup_uncomposed_list:
        {
                $$ = $2;
        }
-       ;
-
-markup_list:
-       simple_markup_list
-       | markup_score
-       {
-               $$ = scm_list_1 (scm_list_2 (ly_lily_module_constant ("score-lines-markup-list"), $1));
-       }
-       ;
-
-markup_score:
-       SCORE {
-               SCM nn = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
-               parser->lexer_->push_note_state (nn);
+       | SCORELINES {
+               parser->lexer_->push_note_state (Lily::pitchnames);
        } '{' score_body '}' {
-               $$ = $4;
+               Score *sc = unsmob<Score> ($4);
+               sc->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
+               if (sc->defs_.empty ()) {
+                       Output_def *od = get_layout (parser);
+                       sc->add_output_def (od);
+                       od->unprotect ();
+               }
+               $$ = scm_list_1 (scm_list_2 (Lily::score_lines_markup_list, $4));
                parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
        }
        ;
 
 markup_composed_list:
        markup_head_1_list markup_uncomposed_list {
-               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("composed-markup-list",
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX (composed_markup_list,
                                  @2, $1, $2);
        }
        ;
@@ -3350,7 +3988,7 @@ markup_braced_list_body:
        | markup_braced_list_body markup {
                $$ = scm_cons ($2, $1);
        }
-       | markup_braced_list_body simple_markup_list {
+       | markup_braced_list_body markup_list {
                $$ = scm_reverse_x ($2, $1);
        }
        ;
@@ -3365,7 +4003,7 @@ markup_command_basic_arguments:
        EXPECT_MARKUP_LIST markup_command_list_arguments markup_list {
          $$ = scm_cons ($3, $2);
        }
-       | EXPECT_SCM markup_command_list_arguments embedded_scm_closed {
+       | EXPECT_SCM markup_command_list_arguments embedded_scm {
          $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3, $3, $2, $1);
        }
        | EXPECT_NO_MORE_ARGS {
@@ -3380,6 +4018,37 @@ markup_command_list_arguments:
        }
        ;
 
+markup_partial_function:
+       MARKUP_FUNCTION markup_arglist_partial
+       {
+               $$ = scm_list_1 (scm_cons ($1, scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL)));
+       }
+       | markup_head_1_list MARKUP_FUNCTION markup_arglist_partial
+       {
+               $$ = scm_cons (scm_cons ($2, scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL)),
+                              $1);
+       }
+       ;
+
+markup_arglist_partial:
+       EXPECT_MARKUP markup_arglist_partial
+       {
+               $$ = $2;
+       }
+       | EXPECT_SCM markup_arglist_partial
+       {
+               $$= $2;
+       }
+       | EXPECT_MARKUP markup_command_list_arguments
+       {
+               $$ = $2;
+       }
+       | EXPECT_SCM markup_command_list_arguments
+       {
+               $$ = $2;
+       }
+       ;
+
 markup_head_1_item:
        MARKUP_FUNCTION EXPECT_MARKUP markup_command_list_arguments {
          $$ = scm_cons ($1, scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL));
@@ -3399,6 +4068,22 @@ simple_markup:
        STRING {
                $$ = make_simple_markup ($1);
        }
+       | SYMBOL {
+               $$ = make_simple_markup ($1);
+       }
+       | SCORE {
+               parser->lexer_->push_note_state (Lily::pitchnames);
+       } '{' score_body '}' {
+               Score *sc = unsmob<Score> ($4);
+               sc->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
+               if (sc->defs_.empty ()) {
+                       Output_def *od = get_layout (parser);
+                       sc->add_output_def (od);
+                       od->unprotect ();
+               }
+               $$ = scm_list_2 (Lily::score_markup, $4);
+               parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
+       }
        | MARKUP_FUNCTION markup_command_basic_arguments {
                $$ = scm_cons ($1, scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
        }
@@ -3406,16 +4091,12 @@ simple_markup:
        {
                $$ = $2;
        }
-       | markup_score
-       {
-               $$ = scm_list_2 (ly_lily_module_constant ("score-markup"), $1);
-       }
        ;
 
 markup:
        markup_head_1_list simple_markup
        {
-               $$ = scm_car (MAKE_SYNTAX ("composed-markup-list",
+               $$ = scm_car (MAKE_SYNTAX (composed_markup_list,
                                           @2, $1, scm_list_1 ($2)));
        }
        | simple_markup {
@@ -3434,12 +4115,19 @@ Lily_parser::set_yydebug (bool x)
 SCM
 Lily_parser::do_yyparse ()
 {
-        SCM retval = SCM_UNDEFINED;
-       yyparse (this, &retval);
-        return retval;
+       return scm_c_with_fluid (Lily::f_parser,
+                                self_scm (),
+                                do_yyparse_trampoline,
+                                static_cast <void *>(this));
 }
 
-
+SCM
+Lily_parser::do_yyparse_trampoline (void *parser)
+{
+       SCM retval = SCM_UNDEFINED;
+       yyparse (static_cast <Lily_parser *>(parser), &retval);
+       return retval;
+}
 
 
 
@@ -3452,8 +4140,8 @@ otherwise, we have to import music classes into the lexer.
 int
 Lily_lexer::try_special_identifiers (SCM *destination, SCM sid)
 {
-       if (unsmob_book (sid)) {
-               Book *book =  unsmob_book (sid)->clone ();
+       if (unsmob<Book> (sid)) {
+               Book *book =  unsmob<Book> (sid)->clone ();
                *destination = book->self_scm ();
                book->unprotect ();
 
@@ -3461,45 +4149,44 @@ Lily_lexer::try_special_identifiers (SCM *destination, SCM sid)
        } else if (scm_is_number (sid)) {
                *destination = sid;
                return NUMBER_IDENTIFIER;
-        } else if (unsmob_context_def (sid)) {
-                Context_def *def= unsmob_context_def (sid)->clone ();
-
-                *destination = def->self_scm ();
-                def->unprotect ();
-
-                return CONTEXT_DEF_IDENTIFIER;
-        } else if (unsmob_context_mod (sid)) {
-                *destination = unsmob_context_mod (sid)->smobbed_copy ();
-
-                return CONTEXT_MOD_IDENTIFIER;
-       } else if (Music *mus = unsmob_music (sid)) {
+       } else if (unsmob<Context_def> (sid))
+       {
+               *destination = unsmob<Context_def> (sid)->clone ()->unprotect ();
+               return SCM_IDENTIFIER;
+        } else if (unsmob<Context_mod> (sid)) {
+                *destination = unsmob<Context_mod> (sid)->smobbed_copy ();
+                return SCM_IDENTIFIER;
+       } else if (Music *mus = unsmob<Music> (sid)) {
                mus = mus->clone ();
                *destination = mus->self_scm ();
                bool is_event = mus->is_mus_type ("post-event");
                mus->unprotect ();
                return is_event ? EVENT_IDENTIFIER : MUSIC_IDENTIFIER;
-       } else if (unsmob_pitch (sid)) {
-               *destination = unsmob_pitch (sid)->smobbed_copy ();
+       } else if (unsmob<Pitch> (sid)) {
+               *destination = unsmob<Pitch> (sid)->smobbed_copy ();
                return PITCH_IDENTIFIER;
-       } else if (unsmob_duration (sid)) {
-               *destination = unsmob_duration (sid)->smobbed_copy ();
+       } else if (unsmob<Duration> (sid)) {
+               *destination = unsmob<Duration> (sid)->smobbed_copy ();
                return DURATION_IDENTIFIER;
-       } else if (unsmob_output_def (sid)) {
-               Output_def *p = unsmob_output_def (sid);
-               p = p->clone ();
-
-               *destination = p->self_scm ();
-               p->unprotect ();
-               return OUTPUT_DEF_IDENTIFIER;
+       } else if (unsmob<Output_def> (sid)) {
+               *destination = unsmob<Output_def> (sid)->clone ()->unprotect ();
+               return SCM_IDENTIFIER;
+       } else if (unsmob<Score> (sid)) {
+               *destination = unsmob<Score> (sid)->clone ()->unprotect ();
+               return SCM_IDENTIFIER;
+       } else if (scm_is_pair (sid)
+                  && scm_is_pair (scm_car (sid))
+                  && scm_is_true (Lily::key_p (scm_caar (sid)))) {
+               *destination = sid;
+               return LOOKUP_IDENTIFIER;
        }
-
        return -1;
 }
 
 SCM
 get_next_unique_context_id ()
 {
-       return scm_from_locale_string ("$uniqueContextId");
+       return scm_from_ascii_string ("$uniqueContextId");
 }
 
 
@@ -3509,7 +4196,7 @@ get_next_unique_lyrics_context_id ()
        static int new_context_count;
        char s[128];
        snprintf (s, sizeof (s)-1, "uniqueContext%d", new_context_count++);
-       return scm_from_locale_string (s);
+       return scm_from_ascii_string (s);
 }
 
 // check_scheme_arg checks one argument with a given predicate for use
@@ -3538,37 +4225,115 @@ SCM check_scheme_arg (Lily_parser *parser, Input loc,
                        return args;
        }
        scm_set_cdr_x (scm_last_pair (args), SCM_EOL);
-       MAKE_SYNTAX ("argument-error", loc, scm_length (args), pred,
+       MAKE_SYNTAX (argument_error, loc, scm_length (args), pred,
                     SCM_UNBNDP (disp) ? arg : disp);
        scm_set_cdr_x (scm_last_pair (args), SCM_BOOL_F);
        return args;
 }
 
-SCM loc_on_music (Input loc, SCM arg)
+SCM loc_on_copy (Lily_parser *parser, Input loc, SCM arg)
 {
-       if (Music *m = unsmob_music (arg))
+       if (Music *m = unsmob<Music> (arg))
        {
                m = m->clone ();
-               m->set_spot (loc);
+               m->set_spot (parser->lexer_->override_input (loc));
                return m->unprotect ();
        }
+       if (Book *b = unsmob<Book> (arg))
+       {
+               b = b->clone ();
+               b->origin ()->set_spot (parser->lexer_->override_input (loc));
+               return b->unprotect ();
+       }
+       if (Context_def *cd = unsmob<Context_def> (arg))
+       {
+               cd = cd->clone ();
+               cd->origin ()->set_spot (parser->lexer_->override_input (loc));
+               return cd->unprotect ();
+       }
+       if (Output_def *od = unsmob<Output_def> (arg))
+       {
+               od = od->clone ();
+               od->input_origin_ = parser->lexer_->override_input (loc);
+               return od->unprotect ();
+       }
+       if (Score *s = unsmob<Score> (arg))
+       {
+               s = s->clone ();
+               s->origin ()->set_spot (parser->lexer_->override_input (loc));
+               return s->unprotect ();
+       }
+       if (Context_mod *cm = unsmob<Context_mod> (arg))
+       {
+               return cm->smobbed_copy ();
+       }
        return arg;
 }
 
+SCM
+make_reverse_key_list (SCM keys)
+{
+       if (scm_is_true (Lily::key_p (keys)))
+               return scm_list_1 (keys);
+       if (scm_is_string (keys))
+               return scm_list_1 (scm_string_to_symbol (keys));
+       if (!ly_is_list (keys))
+               return SCM_UNDEFINED;
+       SCM res = SCM_EOL;
+       for (; scm_is_pair (keys); keys = scm_cdr (keys))
+       {
+               SCM elt = scm_car (keys);
+               if (scm_is_true (Lily::key_p (elt)))
+                       res = scm_cons (elt, res);
+               else if (scm_is_string (elt))
+                       res = scm_cons (scm_string_to_symbol (elt), res);
+               else return SCM_UNDEFINED;
+       }
+       return res;
+}
+
 SCM
 try_string_variants (SCM pred, SCM str)
 {
        // a matching predicate is always ok
        if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 (pred, str)))
                return str;
-       // a symbol may be interpreted as a list of symbols if it helps
-       if (scm_is_symbol (str)) {
+       // a key may be interpreted as a list of keys if it helps
+       if (scm_is_true (Lily::key_p (str))) {
                str = scm_list_1 (str);
                if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 (pred, str)))
                        return str;
                return SCM_UNDEFINED;
        }
 
+       if (!scm_is_string (str))
+               return SCM_UNDEFINED;
+
+       // Let's attempt the symbol list interpretation first.
+
+       str = scm_string_to_symbol (str);
+
+       SCM lst = scm_list_1 (str);
+
+       if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 (pred, lst)))
+               return lst;
+
+       // Try the single symbol interpretation
+
+       if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 (pred, str)))
+               return str;
+
+       return SCM_UNDEFINED;
+}
+
+SCM
+try_word_variants (SCM pred, SCM str)
+{
+       // str is always a string when we come here
+
+       if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 (pred, str)))
+               return str;
+
        // If this cannot be a string representation of a symbol list,
        // we are through.
 
@@ -3576,6 +4341,10 @@ try_string_variants (SCM pred, SCM str)
                return SCM_UNDEFINED;
 
        str = scm_string_split (str, SCM_MAKE_CHAR ('.'));
+       for (SCM p = str; scm_is_pair (p); p = scm_cdr (p))
+               scm_set_car_x (p, scm_string_split (scm_car (p),
+                                                   SCM_MAKE_CHAR (',')));
+       str = scm_append_x (str);
        for (SCM p = str; scm_is_pair (p); p = scm_cdr (p))
                scm_set_car_x (p, scm_string_to_symbol (scm_car (p)));
 
@@ -3614,7 +4383,8 @@ is_regular_identifier (SCM id, bool multiple)
              || (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z')
              || c > 0x7f)
                  middle = true;
-         else if (middle && (c == '-' || c == '_' || (multiple && c == '.')))
+         else if (middle && (c == '-' || c == '_' || (multiple &&
+                                                      (c == '.' || c == ','))))
                  middle = false;
          else
                  return false;
@@ -3625,31 +4395,58 @@ is_regular_identifier (SCM id, bool multiple)
 SCM
 make_music_from_simple (Lily_parser *parser, Input loc, SCM simple)
 {
-       if (unsmob_music (simple))
+       if (unsmob<Music> (simple))
                return simple;
-       if (parser->lexer_->is_note_state ()) {
-               if (scm_is_symbol (simple)) {
+
+       if (scm_is_symbol (simple))
+       {
+               SCM out = SCM_UNDEFINED;
+               switch (parser->lexer_->scan_word (out, simple))
+               {
+               case DRUM_PITCH:
+               {
                        Music *n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent", loc);
                        n->set_property ("duration", parser->default_duration_.smobbed_copy ());
-                       n->set_property ("drum-type", simple);
+                       n->set_property ("drum-type", out);
                        return n->unprotect ();
                }
-               if (unsmob_pitch (simple)) {
+               case NOTENAME_PITCH:
+               case TONICNAME_PITCH:
+                       // Take the parsed pitch
+                       simple = out;
+                       break;
+               // Don't scan CHORD_MODIFIER etc.
+               }
+       }
+
+       if (parser->lexer_->is_note_state ()) {
+               if (unsmob<Pitch> (simple)) {
                        Music *n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent", loc);
                        n->set_property ("duration", parser->default_duration_.smobbed_copy ());
                        n->set_property ("pitch", simple);
                        return n->unprotect ();
                }
+               SCM d = simple;
+               if (scm_is_integer (simple))
+                       d = make_duration (simple);
+               if (unsmob<Duration> (d)) {
+                       Music *n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent", loc);
+                       n->set_property ("duration", d);
+                       return n->unprotect ();
+               }
                return simple;
        } else if (parser->lexer_->is_lyric_state ()) {
                if (Text_interface::is_markup (simple))
-                       return MAKE_SYNTAX ("lyric-event", loc, simple,
+                       return MAKE_SYNTAX (lyric_event, loc, simple,
                                            parser->default_duration_.smobbed_copy ());
        } else if (parser->lexer_->is_chord_state ()) {
-               if (unsmob_pitch (simple))
-                       return make_chord_elements (loc, simple,
-                                                   parser->default_duration_.smobbed_copy (),
-                                                   SCM_EOL);
+               if (unsmob<Pitch> (simple))
+                       return MAKE_SYNTAX
+                               (event_chord,
+                                loc,
+                                make_chord_elements (loc, simple,
+                                                     parser->default_duration_.smobbed_copy (),
+                                                     SCM_EOL));
        }
        return simple;
 }
@@ -3668,23 +4465,41 @@ make_simple_markup (SCM a)
        return a;
 }
 
-bool
-is_duration (int t)
+SCM
+make_duration (SCM d, int dots, SCM factor)
 {
-  return t && t == 1 << intlog2 (t);
+       Duration k;
+
+       if (Duration *dur = unsmob<Duration> (d)) {
+               if (!dots && SCM_UNBNDP (factor))
+                       return d;
+               k = *dur;
+               if (dots)
+                       k = Duration (k.duration_log (), k.dot_count () + dots)
+                               .compressed (k.factor ());
+       } else {
+               int t = scm_to_int (d);
+               if (t > 0 && (t & (t-1)) == 0)
+                       k = Duration (intlog2 (t), dots);
+               else
+                       return SCM_UNDEFINED;
+       }
+
+       if (!SCM_UNBNDP (factor))
+               k = k.compressed (ly_scm2rational (factor));
+
+       return k.smobbed_copy ();
 }
 
 SCM
 make_chord_step (SCM step_scm, Rational alter)
 {
-        int step = scm_to_int (step_scm);
+       Pitch m (0, scm_to_int (step_scm) - 1, alter);
 
-       if (step == 7)
-               alter += FLAT_ALTERATION;
+       // Notename/octave are normalized
+       if (m.get_notename () == 6)
+               m = m.transposed (Pitch (0, 0, FLAT_ALTERATION));
 
-       while (step < 0)
-               step += 7;
-       Pitch m ((step -1) / 7, (step - 1) % 7, alter);
        return m.smobbed_copy ();
 }
 
@@ -3692,11 +4507,10 @@ make_chord_step (SCM step_scm, Rational alter)
 SCM
 make_chord_elements (Input loc, SCM pitch, SCM dur, SCM modification_list)
 {
-       SCM chord_ctor = ly_lily_module_constant ("construct-chord-elements");
-       SCM res = scm_call_3 (chord_ctor, pitch, dur, modification_list);
+       SCM res = Lily::construct_chord_elements (pitch, dur, modification_list);
        for (SCM s = res; scm_is_pair (s); s = scm_cdr (s))
        {
-               unsmob_music (scm_car (s))->set_spot (loc);
+               unsmob<Music> (scm_car (s))->set_spot (loc);
        }
        return res;
 }
@@ -3708,6 +4522,9 @@ yylex (YYSTYPE *s, YYLTYPE *loc, Lily_parser *parser)
 
        lex->lexval_ = s;
        lex->lexloc_ = loc;
+       int tok = lex->pop_extra_token ();
+       if (tok >= 0)
+               return tok;
        lex->prepare_for_next_token ();
        return lex->yylex ();
 }