]> git.donarmstrong.com Git - lilypond.git/blobdiff - lily/parser.yy
Imported Upstream version 2.16.1
[lilypond.git] / lily / parser.yy
index 9afd1e5be4f0cc2b8332fec6998bf84db1359e2c..020a998886de9d5ea9f791d1da66c7926664e3ac 100644 (file)
-%{ // -*-Fundamental-*-
-
+/* -*- mode: c++; c-file-style: "linux" -*- */
 /*
-  parser.yy -- Bison/C++ parser for LilyPond
+  This file is part of LilyPond, the GNU music typesetter.
 
-  source file of the GNU LilyPond music typesetter
-
-  (c) 1997--2005 Han-Wen Nienhuys <hanwen@cs.uu.nl>
+  Copyright (C) 1997--2012 Han-Wen Nienhuys <hanwen@xs4all.nl>
                  Jan Nieuwenhuizen <janneke@gnu.org>
-*/
 
-/*
-FIXME:
+  LilyPond is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
 
-   * The rules for who is protecting what are very shady.  Uniformise
-     this.
+  LilyPond is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+  GNU General Public License for more details.
 
-   * There are too many lexical modes?
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+  along with LilyPond.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */
 
-#include "config.hh"
+/* Mode and indentation are at best a rough approximation based on TAB
+ * formatting (reasonable for compatibility with unspecific editor
+ * modes as Bison modes are hard to find) and need manual correction
+ * frequently.  Without a reasonably dependable way of formatting a
+ * Bison file sensibly, there is little point in trying to fix the
+ * inconsistent state of indentation.
+ */
 
-#include <ctype.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
+%{
 
+#define yyerror Lily_parser::parser_error
 
-#include "book.hh"
-#include "context-def.hh"
-#include "dimensions.hh"
-#include "event.hh"
-#include "file-path.hh"
-#include "input-smob.hh"
-#include "input.hh"
-#include "lily-guile.hh"
-#include "lilypond-input-version.hh"
-#include "main.hh"
-#include "misc.hh"
-#include "lily-lexer.hh"
-#include "lily-parser.hh"
-#include "paper-book.hh"
-#include "output-def.hh"
-#include "scm-hash.hh"
-#include "scm-option.hh"
-#include "score.hh"
-#include "text-interface.hh"
-#include "warn.hh"
+/* We use custom location type: Input objects */
+#define YYLTYPE Input
+#define YYLLOC_DEFAULT(Current,Rhs,N) \
+       ((Current).set_location ((Rhs)[1], (Rhs)[N]))
 
-#define MY_MAKE_MUSIC(x)  make_music_by_name (ly_symbol2scm (x))
 
-Music *property_op_to_music (SCM op);
-Music *context_spec_music (SCM type, SCM id, Music *m, SCM ops);
-SCM get_next_unique_context_id ();
-SCM get_next_unique_lyrics_context_id ();
+%}
 
-#undef _
-#if !HAVE_GETTEXT
-#define _(x) x
-#else
-#include <libintl.h>
-#define _(x) gettext (x)
-#endif
+%parse-param {Lily_parser *parser}
+%lex-param {Lily_parser *parser}
+%error-verbose
+%debug
 
-#define YYERROR_VERBOSE 1
+/* We use SCMs to do strings, because it saves us the trouble of
+deleting them.  Let's hope that a stack overflow doesn't trigger a move
+of the parse stack onto the heap. */
 
-#define YYPARSE_PARAM my_lily_parser
-#define YYLEX_PARAM my_lily_parser
-#define THIS\
-       ((Lily_parser *) my_lily_parser)
+%left PREC_BOT
+%nonassoc REPEAT
+%nonassoc ALTERNATIVE
 
-#define yyerror THIS->parser_error
+/* The above precedences tackle the shift/reduce problem
 
-/* We use custom location type: Input objects */
-#define YYLTYPE Input
-#define YYLLOC_DEFAULT(Current,Rhs,N) \
-       ((Current).set_location ((Rhs)[1], (Rhs)[N]))
+1.  \repeat
+       \repeat .. \alternative
 
+    \repeat { \repeat .. \alternative }
 
-/* Add symbols to the TAGS field of a music object.  */
+or
 
-void
-tag_music (Music *m, SCM tag, Input ip)
-{
-       SCM tags = m->get_property ("tags");
-       if (scm_is_symbol (tag))
-               tags = scm_cons (tag, tags);
-       else if (ly_c_list_p (tag))
-               tags = ly_append2 (tag, tags);
-       else
-               ip.warning (_ ("tag must be symbol or list of symbols"));
-
-       m->set_property ("tags", tags);
-}
+    \repeat { \repeat } \alternative
+*/
 
-bool
-is_regular_identifier (SCM id)
-{
-  String str = ly_scm2string (id);
-  char const *s = str.to_str0 ();
+%nonassoc COMPOSITE
+%left ADDLYRICS
 
-  bool v = true;
-#if 0
-  isalpha (*s);
-  s++;
-#endif
-  while (*s && v)
-   {
-        v = v && isalnum (*s);
-        s++;
-   }
-  return v;
-}
+ /* ADDLYRICS needs to have lower precedence than argument scanning,
+  * or we won't be able to tell music apart from closed_music without
+  * lookahead in the context of function calls.
+  */
 
+%nonassoc DEFAULT
 
-SCM
-get_first_context_id (SCM type, Music *m)
-{
-       SCM id = m->get_property ("context-id");
-       if (SCM_BOOL_T == scm_equal_p (m->get_property ("context-type"), type)
-           && scm_is_string (m->get_property ("context-id"))
-           && scm_c_string_length (id) > 0)
-       {
-               return id;
-       }
-       return SCM_EOL;
-}
+ /* \default is only applied after exhausting function arguments */
 
-SCM
-make_simple_markup (SCM a)
-{
-       SCM simple = ly_lily_module_constant ("simple-markup");
-       return scm_list_2 (simple, a);
-}
+%nonassoc FUNCTION_ARGLIST
 
-bool
-is_duration (int t)
-{
-  return t && t == 1 << intlog2 (t);
-}
+ /* expressions with units are permitted into argument lists */
 
-void
-set_music_properties (Music *p, SCM a)
-{
-  for (SCM k = a; scm_is_pair (k); k = scm_cdr (k))
-       p->internal_set_property (scm_caar (k), scm_cdar (k));
-}
+%right PITCH_IDENTIFIER NOTENAME_PITCH TONICNAME_PITCH
+      UNSIGNED REAL DURATION_IDENTIFIER ':'
 
-SCM
-make_chord_step (int step, int alter)
-{
-       if (step == 7)
-               alter += FLAT;
+ /* The above are the symbols that can start optional function arguments
+    that are recognized in the grammar rather than by predicate
+ */
 
-       while (step < 0)
-               step += 7;
-       Pitch m ((step -1) / 7, (step - 1) % 7, alter);
-       return m.smobbed_copy ();
-}
+%nonassoc NUMBER_IDENTIFIER '/'
 
+ /* Number-unit expressions, where permitted, are concatenated into
+  * function arguments, just like fractions and tremoli.  Tremoli must
+  * not have higher precedence than UNSIGNED, or Lilypond will not
+  * join ':' with a following optional number.
+  */
 
-SCM
-make_chord (SCM pitch, SCM dur, SCM modification_list)
-{
-       SCM chord_ctor = ly_lily_module_constant ("construct-chord");
-       SCM ch = scm_call_3 (chord_ctor, pitch, dur, modification_list);
-       scm_gc_protect_object (ch);
-       return ch;
-}
+%left PREC_TOP
 
-/* Todo: actually also use apply iso. call too ...  */
-bool
-ly_input_procedure_p (SCM x)
-{
-       return ly_c_procedure_p (x)
-               || (scm_is_pair (x) && ly_c_procedure_p (scm_car (x)));
-}
 
-Music*
-set_property_music (SCM sym, SCM value)
-{
-       Music *p = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("PropertySet");
-       p->set_property ("symbol", sym);
-       p->set_property ("value", value);
-       return p;
-}
 
-Music*
-make_music_relative (Pitch start, Music *music)
-{
-       Music *relative = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("RelativeOctaveMusic");
-       relative->set_property ("element", music->self_scm ());
-       
-       Pitch last = music->to_relative_octave (start);
-       if (lily_1_8_relative)
-               music->set_property ("last-pitch", last.smobbed_copy ());
-       return relative;
-}
 
-Music*
-make_lyric_combine_music (SCM name, Music *music)
+%pure_parser
+%locations
+
+
+
+%{ // -*-Fundamental-*-
+
+/*
+FIXME:
+
+   * The rules for who is protecting what are very shady.  Uniformise
+     this.
+
+   * There are too many lexical modes?
+*/
+
+#include "config.hh"
+
+#include <cctype>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstdio>
+using namespace std;
+
+#include "book.hh"
+#include "context-def.hh"
+#include "context-mod.hh"
+#include "dimensions.hh"
+#include "file-path.hh"
+#include "input.hh"
+#include "international.hh"
+#include "lily-guile.hh"
+#include "lily-lexer.hh"
+#include "lily-parser.hh"
+#include "main.hh"
+#include "misc.hh"
+#include "music.hh"
+#include "output-def.hh"
+#include "paper-book.hh"
+#include "scm-hash.hh"
+#include "score.hh"
+#include "text-interface.hh"
+#include "warn.hh"
+
+void
+Lily_parser::parser_error (Input const *i, Lily_parser *parser, string s)
 {
-       Music *combine = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("LyricCombineMusic");
-       combine->set_property ("element", music->self_scm ());
-       combine->set_property ("associated-context", name);
-       return combine;
+       parser->parser_error (*i, s);
 }
 
-%}
+#define MYBACKUP(Token, Value, Location)                               \
+do                                                                     \
+       if (yychar == YYEMPTY)                                          \
+       {                                                               \
+               if (Token)                                              \
+                       parser->lexer_->push_extra_token (Token, Value); \
+               parser->lexer_->push_extra_token (BACKUP);              \
+       } else {                                                        \
+               parser->parser_error                                    \
+                       (Location, _("Too much lookahead"));            \
+       }                                                               \
+while (0)
+
+
+#define MYREPARSE(Location, Pred, Token, Value)                                \
+do                                                                     \
+       if (yychar == YYEMPTY)                                          \
+       {                                                               \
+               parser->lexer_->push_extra_token (Token, Value);        \
+               parser->lexer_->push_extra_token (REPARSE,              \
+                                                 Pred);                \
+       } else {                                                        \
+               parser->parser_error                                    \
+                       (Location, _("Too much lookahead"));            \
+       }                                                               \
+while (0)
 
-/* We use SCMs to do strings, because it saves us the trouble of
-deleting them.  Let's hope that a stack overflow doesnt trigger a move
-of the parse stack onto the heap. */
+%}
 
-%left ADDLYRICS
 
 %union {
        Book *book;
        Output_def *outputdef;
        SCM scm;
-       String *string;
-       Music *music;
+       std::string *string;
        Score *score;
        int i;
 }
-%{
-
-int
-yylex (YYSTYPE *s, YYLTYPE *loc, void *v)
-{
-       Lily_parser *pars = (Lily_parser*) v;
-       Lily_lexer *lex = pars->lexer_;
-
-       lex->lexval = (void*) s;
-       lex->lexloc = loc;
-       lex->prepare_for_next_token ();
-       return lex->yylex ();
-}
 
+%{
 
-%}
-
-%expect 1
-
-/* One shift/reduce problem
+#define MY_MAKE_MUSIC(x, spot)  make_music_with_input (ly_symbol2scm (x), spot)
 
-1.  \repeat
-       \repeat .. \alternative
+/* ES TODO:
+- Don't use lily module, create a new module instead.
+- delay application of the function
+*/
+#define LOWLEVEL_MAKE_SYNTAX(proc, args)       \
+  scm_apply_0 (proc, args)
+/* Syntactic Sugar. */
+#define MAKE_SYNTAX(name, location, ...)       \
+  LOWLEVEL_MAKE_SYNTAX (ly_lily_module_constant (name), scm_list_n (parser->self_scm (), make_input (location) , ##__VA_ARGS__, SCM_UNDEFINED))
+#define START_MAKE_SYNTAX(name, ...)                                   \
+       scm_list_n (ly_lily_module_constant (name) , ##__VA_ARGS__, SCM_UNDEFINED)
+#define FINISH_MAKE_SYNTAX(start, location, ...)                       \
+       LOWLEVEL_MAKE_SYNTAX (scm_car (start), scm_cons2 (parser->self_scm (), make_input (location), scm_append_x (scm_list_2 (scm_cdr (start), scm_list_n (__VA_ARGS__, SCM_UNDEFINED)))))
 
-    \repeat { \repeat .. \alternative }
+SCM get_next_unique_context_id ();
+SCM get_next_unique_lyrics_context_id ();
 
-or
+#undef _
+#if !HAVE_GETTEXT
+#define _(x) x
+#else
+#include <libintl.h>
+#define _(x) gettext (x)
+#endif
 
-    \repeat { \repeat } \alternative 
-*/
 
+static Music *make_music_with_input (SCM name, Input where);
+SCM check_scheme_arg (Lily_parser *parser, Input loc,
+                     SCM arg, SCM args, SCM pred);
+SCM loc_on_music (Input loc, SCM arg);
+SCM make_chord_elements (Input loc, SCM pitch, SCM dur, SCM modification_list);
+SCM make_chord_step (int step, Rational alter);
+SCM make_simple_markup (SCM a);
+bool is_duration (int t);
+bool is_regular_identifier (SCM id);
+int yylex (YYSTYPE *s, YYLTYPE *loc, Lily_parser *parser);
+void set_music_properties (Music *p, SCM a);
 
-%pure_parser
-%locations
+%}
 
 /* The third option is an alias that will be used to display the
    syntax error.  Bison CVS now correctly handles backslash escapes.
 
    FIXME: Bison needs to translate some of these, eg, STRING.
 
-*/     
-   
+*/
+
 /* Keyword tokens with plain escaped name.  */
+%token END_OF_FILE 0 "end of input"
 %token ACCEPTS "\\accepts"
 %token ADDLYRICS "\\addlyrics"
-%token ADDQUOTE "\\addquote"
 %token ALIAS "\\alias"
 %token ALTERNATIVE "\\alternative"
-%token BAR "\\bar"
-%token BOOK "\book"
+%token BOOK "\\book"
+%token BOOKPART "\\bookpart"
 %token CHANGE "\\change"
 %token CHORDMODE "\\chordmode"
 %token CHORDS "\\chords"
-%token CLEF "\\clef"
 %token CONSISTS "\\consists"
 %token CONTEXT "\\context"
 %token DEFAULT "\\default"
@@ -286,26 +260,19 @@ or
 %token DRUMS "\\drums"
 %token FIGUREMODE "\\figuremode"
 %token FIGURES "\\figures"
-%token GROBDESCRIPTIONS "\\grobdescriptions"
 %token HEADER "\\header"
-%token INVALID "\\invalid"
-%token KEY "\\key"
+%token INVALID "\\version-error"
 %token LAYOUT "\\layout"
 %token LYRICMODE "\\lyricmode"
 %token LYRICS "\\lyrics"
 %token LYRICSTO "\\lyricsto"
-%token MARK "\\mark"
 %token MARKUP "\\markup"
+%token MARKUPLIST "\\markuplist"
 %token MIDI "\\midi"
 %token NAME "\\name"
 %token NOTEMODE "\\notemode"
-%token OBJECTID "\\objectid"   
-%token OCTAVE "\\octave"
-%token ONCE "\\once"
 %token OVERRIDE "\\override"
 %token PAPER "\\paper"
-%token PARTIAL "\\partial"
-%token RELATIVE "\\relative"
 %token REMOVE "\\remove"
 %token REPEAT "\\repeat"
 %token REST "\\rest"
@@ -314,18 +281,12 @@ or
 %token SEQUENTIAL "\\sequential"
 %token SET "\\set"
 %token SIMULTANEOUS "\\simultaneous"
-%token SKIP "\\skip"
-%token TAG "\\tag"
 %token TEMPO "\\tempo"
-%token TIMES "\\times"
-%token TRANSPOSE "\\transpose"
-%token TRANSPOSITION "\\transposition"
 %token TYPE "\\type"
 %token UNSET "\\unset"
 %token WITH "\\with"
 
 /* Keyword token exceptions.  */
-%token TIME_T "\\time"
 %token NEWCONTEXT "\\new"
 
 
@@ -336,8 +297,10 @@ or
 %token CHORD_COLON ":"
 %token CHORD_MINUS "-"
 %token CHORD_SLASH "/"
-%token DOUBLE_ANGLE_CLOSE ">>"
+%token ANGLE_OPEN "<"
+%token ANGLE_CLOSE ">"
 %token DOUBLE_ANGLE_OPEN "<<"
+%token DOUBLE_ANGLE_CLOSE ">>"
 %token E_BACKSLASH "\\"
 %token E_ANGLE_CLOSE "\\>"
 %token E_CHAR "\\C[haracter]"
@@ -347,15 +310,12 @@ or
 %token E_OPEN "\\("
 %token E_BRACKET_CLOSE "\\]"
 %token E_ANGLE_OPEN "\\<"
+%token E_PLUS "\\+"
 %token E_TILDE "\\~"
 %token EXTENDER "__"
-/*  These used at all?
-  %token FIGURE_BRACKET_CLOSE 
-  %token FIGURE_BRACKET_OPEN
-
-parser.yy:348.8-25: warning: symbol `"\\>"' used more than once as a literal string
-parser.yy:352.8-24: warning: symbol `"\\<"' used more than once as a literal string
 
+/*
+If we give names, Bison complains.
 */
 %token FIGURE_CLOSE /* "\\>" */
 %token FIGURE_OPEN /* "\\<" */
@@ -363,58 +323,57 @@ parser.yy:352.8-24: warning: symbol `"\\<"' used more than once as a literal str
 %token HYPHEN "--"
 
 %token CHORDMODIFIERS
-%token COMMANDSPANREQUEST
 %token LYRIC_MARKUP
 %token MULTI_MEASURE_REST
-%token SCM_T
 
 
-%token <i> DIGIT
 %token <i> E_UNSIGNED
-%token <i> UNSIGNED
-
-%token <id> IDENTIFIER
-
+%token <scm> UNSIGNED
+
+/* Artificial tokens, for more generic function syntax */
+%token <i> EXPECT_MARKUP "markup?"
+%token <i> EXPECT_PITCH "ly:pitch?"
+%token <i> EXPECT_DURATION "ly:duration?"
+%token <scm> EXPECT_SCM "scheme?"
+%token <scm> BACKUP "(backed-up?)"
+%token <scm> REPARSE "(reparsed?)"
+%token <i> EXPECT_MARKUP_LIST "markup-list?"
+%token <scm> EXPECT_OPTIONAL "optional?"
+/* After the last argument. */
+%token <i> EXPECT_NO_MORE_ARGS;
+
+/* An artificial token for parsing embedded Lilypond */
+%token <i> EMBEDDED_LILY "#{"
+
+%token <scm> BOOK_IDENTIFIER
 %token <scm> CHORDMODIFIER_PITCH
 %token <scm> CHORD_MODIFIER
+%token <scm> CHORD_REPETITION
 %token <scm> CONTEXT_DEF_IDENTIFIER
+%token <scm> CONTEXT_MOD_IDENTIFIER
 %token <scm> DRUM_PITCH
+%token <scm> PITCH_IDENTIFIER
 %token <scm> DURATION_IDENTIFIER
 %token <scm> EVENT_IDENTIFIER
+%token <scm> EVENT_FUNCTION
 %token <scm> FRACTION
 %token <scm> LYRICS_STRING
+%token <scm> LYRIC_ELEMENT
 %token <scm> LYRIC_MARKUP_IDENTIFIER
-%token <scm> MARKUP_HEAD_EMPTY
-%token <scm> MARKUP_HEAD_LIST0
-%token <scm> MARKUP_HEAD_MARKUP0
-%token <scm> MARKUP_HEAD_MARKUP0_MARKUP1
-%token <scm> MARKUP_HEAD_SCM0
-%token <scm> MARKUP_HEAD_SCM0_MARKUP1
-%token <scm> MARKUP_HEAD_SCM0_SCM1
-%token <scm> MARKUP_HEAD_SCM0_SCM1_MARKUP2
-%token <scm> MARKUP_HEAD_SCM0_SCM1_SCM2
+%token <scm> MARKUP_FUNCTION
+%token <scm> MARKUP_LIST_FUNCTION
 %token <scm> MARKUP_IDENTIFIER
+%token <scm> MARKUPLIST_IDENTIFIER
 %token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_MARKUP 
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_MARKUP_MARKUP 
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_MARKUP_MARKUP_MUSIC 
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_MARKUP_MUSIC 
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_MARKUP_MUSIC_MUSIC 
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_MUSIC 
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_MUSIC_MUSIC 
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM 
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_MUSIC 
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_MUSIC_MUSIC 
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM 
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM_MUSIC 
 %token <scm> MUSIC_IDENTIFIER
 %token <scm> NOTENAME_PITCH
 %token <scm> NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
 %token <scm> OUTPUT_DEF_IDENTIFIER
 %token <scm> REAL
 %token <scm> RESTNAME
+%token <scm> SCM_FUNCTION
 %token <scm> SCM_IDENTIFIER
-%token <scm> SCM_T
+%token <scm> SCM_TOKEN
 %token <scm> SCORE_IDENTIFIER
 %token <scm> STRING
 %token <scm> STRING_IDENTIFIER
@@ -423,9 +382,11 @@ parser.yy:352.8-24: warning: symbol `"\\<"' used more than once as a literal str
 
 %type <book> book_block
 %type <book> book_body
+%type <book> bookpart_block
+%type <book> bookpart_body
 
 %type <i> bare_unsigned
-%type <i> bass_mod
+%type <scm> figured_bass_alteration
 %type <i> dots
 %type <i> exclamations
 %type <i> optional_rest
@@ -435,49 +396,63 @@ parser.yy:352.8-24: warning: symbol `"\\<"' used more than once as a literal str
 %type <i> sup_quotes
 %type <i> tremolo_type
 
-%type <music> Composite_music
-%type <music> Generic_prefix_music
-%type <music> Grouped_music_list
-%type <music> Music
-%type <music> Prefix_composite_music
-%type <music> Repeated_music
-%type <music> Sequential_music
-%type <music> Simple_music
-%type <music> Simultaneous_music
-%type <music> chord_body
-%type <music> chord_body_element
-%type <music> command_element
-%type <music> command_req
-%type <music> context_change
-%type <music> direction_less_event
-%type <music> direction_reqd_event
-%type <music> event_chord
-%type <music> gen_text_def
-%type <music> music_property_def
-%type <music> note_chord_element
-%type <music> post_event
-%type <music> re_rhythmed_music
-%type <music> relative_music
-%type <music> simple_element
-%type <music> string_number_event
-%type <music> tagged_post_event
-%type <music> tempo_event
-%type <music> toplevel_music
+/* Music */
+%type <scm> composite_music
+%type <scm> grouped_music_list
+%type <scm> braced_music_list
+%type <scm> closed_music
+%type <scm> music
+%type <scm> music_bare
+%type <scm> music_arg
+%type <scm> music_assign
+%type <scm> music_embedded
+%type <scm> music_or_context_def
+%type <scm> complex_music
+%type <scm> complex_music_prefix
+%type <scm> mode_changed_music
+%type <scm> repeated_music
+%type <scm> sequential_music
+%type <scm> simple_music
+%type <scm> simultaneous_music
+%type <scm> chord_body
+%type <scm> chord_body_element
+%type <scm> command_element
+%type <scm> command_event
+%type <scm> context_modification
+%type <scm> context_change
+%type <scm> direction_less_event
+%type <scm> direction_reqd_event
+%type <scm> embedded_lilypond
+%type <scm> event_chord
+%type <scm> fingering
+%type <scm> gen_text_def
+%type <scm> music_property_def
+%type <scm> note_chord_element
+%type <scm> post_event
+%type <scm> post_event_nofinger
+%type <scm> re_rhythmed_music
+%type <scm> simple_element
+%type <scm> simple_music_property_def
+%type <scm> start_symbol
+%type <scm> string_number_event
+%type <scm> tempo_event
 
 %type <outputdef> output_def_body
 %type <outputdef> output_def_head
+%type <outputdef> output_def_head_with_mode_switch
 %type <outputdef> output_def
-%type <outputdef> paper_block 
+%type <outputdef> paper_block
 
-%type <scm> Alternative_music
-%type <scm> Generic_prefix_music_scm 
-%type <scm> Music_list
-%type <scm> absolute_pitch
+%type <scm> music_function_call
+%type <scm> music_list
 %type <scm> assignment_id
 %type <scm> bare_number
+%type <scm> bare_number_closed
+%type <scm> unsigned_number
 %type <scm> bass_figure
-%type <scm> bass_number
+%type <scm> figured_bass_modification
 %type <scm> br_bass_figure
+%type <scm> bass_number
 %type <scm> chord_body_elements
 %type <scm> chord_item
 %type <scm> chord_items
@@ -486,54 +461,92 @@ parser.yy:352.8-24: warning: symbol `"\\<"' used more than once as a literal str
 %type <scm> context_def_spec_block
 %type <scm> context_def_spec_body
 %type <scm> context_mod
+%type <scm> context_mod_arg
+%type <scm> context_mod_embedded
 %type <scm> context_mod_list
 %type <scm> context_prop_spec
 %type <scm> direction_less_char
 %type <scm> duration_length
 %type <scm> embedded_scm
+%type <scm> embedded_scm_arg
+%type <scm> embedded_scm_arg_closed
+%type <scm> embedded_scm_bare
+%type <scm> embedded_scm_bare_arg
+%type <scm> embedded_scm_closed
+%type <scm> event_function_event
 %type <scm> figure_list
 %type <scm> figure_spec
-%type <scm> fraction
 %type <scm> full_markup
+%type <scm> full_markup_list
+%type <scm> function_arglist
+%type <scm> function_arglist_optional
+%type <scm> function_arglist_backup
+%type <scm> function_arglist_nonbackup
+%type <scm> function_arglist_nonbackup_common
+%type <scm> function_arglist_closed_nonbackup
+%type <scm> function_arglist_skip
+%type <scm> function_arglist_bare
+%type <scm> function_arglist_closed
+%type <scm> function_arglist_closed_optional
+%type <scm> function_arglist_common
+%type <scm> function_arglist_common_lyric
+%type <scm> function_arglist_common_minus
+%type <scm> function_arglist_closed_common
+%type <scm> function_arglist_keep
+%type <scm> function_arglist_closed_keep
 %type <scm> identifier_init
+%type <scm> lilypond
 %type <scm> lilypond_header
-%type <scm> lilypond_header_body
 %type <scm> lyric_element
+%type <scm> lyric_element_arg
+%type <scm> lyric_element_music
 %type <scm> lyric_markup
 %type <scm> markup
 %type <scm> markup_braced_list
-%type <scm> markup_braced_list_body 
+%type <scm> markup_braced_list_body
 %type <scm> markup_composed_list
+%type <scm> markup_command_list
+%type <scm> markup_command_list_arguments
+%type <scm> markup_command_basic_arguments
 %type <scm> markup_head_1_item
 %type <scm> markup_head_1_list
 %type <scm> markup_list
 %type <scm> markup_top
+%type <scm> maybe_notemode_duration
 %type <scm> mode_changing_head
 %type <scm> mode_changing_head_with_context
 %type <scm> multiplied_duration
+%type <scm> music_function_call_closed
+%type <scm> music_function_chord_body
 %type <scm> new_chord
 %type <scm> new_lyrics
 %type <scm> number_expression
 %type <scm> number_factor
 %type <scm> number_term
-%type <scm> object_id_setting
 %type <scm> octave_check
 %type <scm> optional_context_mod
+%type <scm> optional_id
 %type <scm> optional_notemode_duration
 %type <scm> pitch
 %type <scm> pitch_also_in_chords
 %type <scm> post_events
 %type <scm> property_operation
+%type <scm> property_path property_path_revved
 %type <scm> scalar
+%type <scm> scalar_closed
+%type <scm> scm_function_call
+%type <scm> scm_function_call_closed
 %type <scm> script_abbreviation
+%type <scm> simple_chord_elements
 %type <scm> simple_markup
 %type <scm> simple_string
 %type <scm> steno_duration
 %type <scm> steno_pitch
 %type <scm> steno_tonic_pitch
 %type <scm> step_number
-%type <scm> step_numbers 
+%type <scm> step_numbers
 %type <scm> string
+%type <scm> tempo_range
 
 %type <score> score_block
 %type <score> score_body
@@ -548,53 +561,68 @@ prec levels in different prods */
 
 %%
 
-lilypond:      /* empty */
+start_symbol:
+       lilypond
+       | EMBEDDED_LILY {
+               SCM nn = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
+               parser->lexer_->push_note_state (nn);
+       } embedded_lilypond {
+               parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               parser->lexer_->set_identifier (ly_symbol2scm ("parseStringResult"), $3);
+       }
+       ;
+
+lilypond:      /* empty */ { }
        | lilypond toplevel_expression {
        }
        | lilypond assignment {
        }
        | lilypond error {
-               THIS->error_level_ = 1;
+               parser->error_level_ = 1;
        }
        | lilypond INVALID      {
-               THIS->error_level_ = 1;
+               parser->error_level_ = 1;
        }
        ;
 
 
-object_id_setting:
-       OBJECTID STRING { $$ = $2; } 
-       ;
-
 toplevel_expression:
-       lilypond_header {
-               THIS->lexer_->set_identifier (ly_symbol2scm ("$globalheader"), $1);
-       }
-       | add_quote {
-       
+       {
+               parser->lexer_->add_scope (get_header (parser));
+       } lilypond_header {
+               parser->lexer_->set_identifier (ly_symbol2scm ("$defaultheader"), $2);
        }
        | book_block {
                Book *book = $1;
-               SCM proc = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-book-handler");
-               scm_call_2 (proc, THIS->self_scm (), book->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (book->self_scm ());
+               SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-book-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, parser->self_scm (), book->self_scm ());
+               book->unprotect ();
+       }
+       | bookpart_block {
+               Book *bookpart = $1;
+               SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-bookpart-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, parser->self_scm (), bookpart->self_scm ());
+               bookpart->unprotect ();
        }
        | score_block {
                Score *score = $1;
-               
-               SCM proc = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-score-handler");
-               scm_call_2 (proc, THIS->self_scm (), score->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (score->self_scm ());
+
+               SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-score-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, parser->self_scm (), score->self_scm ());
+               score->unprotect ();
        }
-       | toplevel_music {
-               Music *music = $1;
-               SCM proc = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-music-handler");
-               scm_call_2 (proc, THIS->self_scm (), music->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (music->self_scm ());
+       | composite_music {
+               Music *music = unsmob_music ($1);
+               SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-music-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, parser->self_scm (), music->self_scm ());
        }
        | full_markup {
-               SCM proc = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-text-handler");
-               scm_call_2 (proc, THIS->self_scm (), $1);
+               SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-text-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, parser->self_scm (), scm_list_1 ($1));
+       }
+       | full_markup_list {
+               SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-text-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, parser->self_scm (), $1);
        }
        | output_def {
                SCM id = SCM_EOL;
@@ -607,35 +635,102 @@ toplevel_expression:
                else if ($1->c_variable ("is-layout") == SCM_BOOL_T)
                        id = ly_symbol2scm ("$defaultlayout");
 
-               THIS->lexer_->set_identifier (id, od->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (od->self_scm ());
+               parser->lexer_->set_identifier (id, od->self_scm ());
+               od->unprotect();
+       }
+       ;
+
+embedded_scm_bare:
+       SCM_TOKEN
+       {
+               $$ = parser->lexer_->eval_scm_token ($1);
        }
+       | SCM_IDENTIFIER
        ;
 
-toplevel_music:
-       Composite_music {
+embedded_scm_bare_arg:
+       embedded_scm_bare
+       | STRING
+       | STRING_IDENTIFIER
+       | full_markup
+       | full_markup_list
+       | context_modification
+       | score_block
+       {
+               $$ = $1->self_scm ();
+               $1->unprotect ();
+       }
+       | context_def_spec_block
+       | book_block
+       {
+               $$ = $1->self_scm ();
+               $1->unprotect ();
+       }
+       | bookpart_block
+       {
+               $$ = $1->self_scm ();
+               $1->unprotect ();
+       }
+       | output_def
+       {
+               $$ = $1->self_scm ();
+               $1->unprotect ();
        }
        ;
 
+/* The generic version may end in music, or not */
+
 embedded_scm:
-       SCM_T
-       | SCM_IDENTIFIER
+       embedded_scm_bare
+       | scm_function_call
        ;
 
+embedded_scm_arg:
+       embedded_scm_bare_arg
+       | scm_function_call
+       | music_arg
+       ;
 
-lilypond_header_body:
+scm_function_call:
+       SCM_FUNCTION function_arglist {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("music-function", @$,
+                                        $1, $2);
+       }
+       ;
+
+embedded_lilypond:
+       /* empty */
        {
-               $$ = ly_make_anonymous_module (be_safe_global);
-               THIS->lexer_->add_scope ($$);
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("void-music", @$);
+       }
+       | identifier_init
+       | music_embedded music_embedded music_list {
+               $3 = scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL);
+               if (unsmob_music ($2))
+                       $3 = scm_cons ($2, $3);
+               if (unsmob_music ($1))
+                       $3 = scm_cons ($1, $3);
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("sequential-music", @$, $3);
+       }
+       | error {
+               parser->error_level_ = 1;
+       }
+       | INVALID embedded_lilypond {
+               parser->error_level_ = 1;
        }
+       ;
+
+
+lilypond_header_body:
+       /* empty */
        | lilypond_header_body assignment  {
-               
+
        }
        ;
 
 lilypond_header:
        HEADER '{' lilypond_header_body '}'     {
-               $$ = THIS->lexer_->remove_scope ();
+               $$ = parser->lexer_->remove_scope ();
        }
        ;
 
@@ -649,13 +744,12 @@ assignment_id:
 
 assignment:
        assignment_id '=' identifier_init  {
-               if (! is_regular_identifier ($1))
-               {
-                       @1.warning (_ ("identifier should have alphabetic characters only"));
-               }
-
-               THIS->lexer_->set_identifier ($1, $3);
-
+               parser->lexer_->set_identifier ($1, $3);
+       }
+       | assignment_id property_path '=' identifier_init {
+               SCM path = scm_cons (scm_string_to_symbol ($1), $2);
+               parser->lexer_->set_identifier (path, $4);
+       ;
 /*
  TODO: devise standard for protection in parser.
 
@@ -671,26 +765,35 @@ all objects can be unprotected as soon as they're here.
 identifier_init:
        score_block {
                $$ = $1->self_scm ();
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($$);
+               $1->unprotect ();
+       }
+       | book_block {
+               $$ = $1->self_scm ();
+               $1->unprotect ();
+       }
+       | bookpart_block {
+               $$ = $1->self_scm ();
+               $1->unprotect ();
        }
        | output_def {
                $$ = $1->self_scm ();
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($$);
+               $1->unprotect ();
        }
        | context_def_spec_block {
                $$ = $1;
        }
-       | Music  {
-               $$ = $1->self_scm ();
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($$);
+       | music_assign  {
+               $$ = $1;
        }
-       | post_event {
-               $$ = $1->self_scm ();
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($$);
+       | post_event_nofinger {
+               $$ = $1;
        }
        | number_expression {
                $$ = $1;
        }
+       | FRACTION {
+               $$ = $1;
+       }
        | string {
                $$ = $1;
        }
@@ -700,9 +803,12 @@ identifier_init:
        | full_markup {
                $$ = $1;
        }
-       | DIGIT {
-               $$ = scm_int2num ($1);
+       | full_markup_list {
+               $$ = $1;
        }
+        | context_modification {
+                $$ = $1;
+        }
        ;
 
 context_def_spec_block:
@@ -712,28 +818,52 @@ context_def_spec_block:
        }
        ;
 
-context_def_spec_body:
-       /**/ {
-               $$ = Context_def::make_scm ();
-               unsmob_context_def ($$)->set_spot (@$);
-       }
-       | CONTEXT_DEF_IDENTIFIER {
-               $$ = $1;
-               unsmob_context_def ($$)->set_spot (@$);
+context_mod_arg:
+       embedded_scm
+       | composite_music
+       ;
+
+context_mod_embedded:
+       context_mod_arg
+       {
+               if (unsmob_music ($1)) {
+                       SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("context-mod-music-handler");
+                       $1 = scm_call_2 (proc, parser->self_scm (), $1);
+               }
+               if (unsmob_context_mod ($1))
+                       $$ = $1;
+               else {
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("not a context mod"));
+               }
        }
-       | context_def_spec_body GROBDESCRIPTIONS embedded_scm {
-               Context_def*td = unsmob_context_def ($$);
+       ;
 
-               for (SCM p = $3; scm_is_pair (p); p = scm_cdr (p)) {
-                       SCM tag = scm_caar (p);
 
-                       /* TODO: should make new tag "grob-definition" ? */
-                       td->add_context_mod (scm_list_3 (ly_symbol2scm ("assign"),
-                                                       tag, scm_cons (scm_cdar (p), SCM_EOL)));
-               }
+context_def_spec_body:
+       /**/ {
+               $$ = Context_def::make_scm ();
+               unsmob_context_def ($$)->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
+       }
+       | CONTEXT_DEF_IDENTIFIER {
+               $$ = $1;
+               unsmob_context_def ($$)->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
        }
        | context_def_spec_body context_mod {
-               unsmob_context_def ($$)->add_context_mod ($2);          
+               unsmob_context_def ($$)->add_context_mod ($2);
+       }
+       | context_def_spec_body context_modification {
+                Context_def *td = unsmob_context_def ($$);
+                SCM new_mods = unsmob_context_mod ($2)->get_mods ();
+                for (SCM m = new_mods; scm_is_pair (m); m = scm_cdr (m)) {
+                    td->add_context_mod (scm_car (m));
+                }
+       }
+       | context_def_spec_body context_mod_embedded {
+                Context_def *td = unsmob_context_def ($$);
+                SCM new_mods = unsmob_context_mod ($2)->get_mods ();
+                for (SCM m = new_mods; scm_is_pair (m); m = scm_cdr (m)) {
+                    td->add_context_mod (scm_car (m));
+                }
        }
        ;
 
@@ -742,6 +872,8 @@ context_def_spec_body:
 book_block:
        BOOK '{' book_body '}'  {
                $$ = $3;
+               pop_paper (parser);
+               parser->lexer_->set_identifier (ly_symbol2scm ("$current-book"), SCM_BOOL_F);
        }
        ;
 
@@ -751,32 +883,114 @@ book_block:
 book_body:
        {
                $$ = new Book;
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
-               $$->paper_ = dynamic_cast<Output_def*> (unsmob_output_def (THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("$defaultpaper"))->clone ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($$->paper_->self_scm ());
-               $$->header_ = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("$globalheader"); 
+               init_papers (parser);
+               $$->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
+               $$->paper_ = dynamic_cast<Output_def*> (unsmob_output_def (parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("$defaultpaper"))->clone ());
+               $$->paper_->unprotect ();
+               push_paper (parser, $$->paper_);
+               $$->header_ = get_header (parser);
+               parser->lexer_->set_identifier (ly_symbol2scm ("$current-book"), $$->self_scm ());
+       }
+       | BOOK_IDENTIFIER {
+               $$ = unsmob_book ($1);
+               $$->protect ();
+               $$->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
+               parser->lexer_->set_identifier (ly_symbol2scm ("$current-book"), $1);
        }
        | book_body paper_block {
                $$->paper_ = $2;
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($2->self_scm ());
+               $2->unprotect ();
+               set_paper (parser, $2);
+       }
+       | book_body bookpart_block {
+               Book *bookpart = $2;
+               SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("book-bookpart-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, $$->self_scm (), bookpart->self_scm ());
+               bookpart->unprotect ();
        }
        | book_body score_block {
-               SCM s = $2->self_scm ();
-               $$->add_score (s);
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (s);
+               Score *score = $2;
+               SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("book-score-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, $$->self_scm (), score->self_scm ());
+               score->unprotect ();
+       }
+       | book_body composite_music {
+               Music *music = unsmob_music ($2);
+               SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("book-music-handler");
+               scm_call_3 (proc, parser->self_scm (), $$->self_scm (), music->self_scm ());
        }
        | book_body full_markup {
-               $$->add_score ($2);
+               SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("book-text-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, $$->self_scm (), scm_list_1 ($2));
        }
-       | book_body lilypond_header {
-               $$->header_ = $2;
+       | book_body full_markup_list {
+               SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("book-text-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, $$->self_scm (), $2);
        }
+       | book_body
+       {
+               parser->lexer_->add_scope ($1->header_);
+       } lilypond_header
+       | book_body embedded_scm { }
        | book_body error {
                $$->paper_ = 0;
                $$->scores_ = SCM_EOL;
+               $$->bookparts_ = SCM_EOL;
+       }
+       ;
+
+bookpart_block:
+       BOOKPART '{' bookpart_body '}' {
+               $$ = $3;
+               parser->lexer_->set_identifier (ly_symbol2scm ("$current-bookpart"), SCM_BOOL_F);
+       }
+       ;
+
+bookpart_body:
+       {
+               $$ = new Book;
+               $$->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
+               parser->lexer_->set_identifier (ly_symbol2scm ("$current-bookpart"), $$->self_scm ());
+       }
+       | BOOK_IDENTIFIER {
+               $$ = unsmob_book ($1);
+               $$->protect ();
+               $$->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
+               parser->lexer_->set_identifier (ly_symbol2scm ("$current-bookpart"), $1);
+       }
+       | bookpart_body paper_block {
+               $$->paper_ = $2;
+               $2->unprotect ();
+       }
+       | bookpart_body score_block {
+               Score *score = $2;
+               SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("bookpart-score-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, $$->self_scm (), score->self_scm ());
+               score->unprotect ();
+       }
+       | bookpart_body composite_music {
+               Music *music = unsmob_music ($2);
+               SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("bookpart-music-handler");
+               scm_call_3 (proc, parser->self_scm (), $$->self_scm (), music->self_scm ());
        }
-       | book_body object_id_setting {
-               $$->user_key_ = ly_scm2string ($2);
+       | bookpart_body full_markup {
+               SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("bookpart-text-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, $$->self_scm (), scm_list_1 ($2));
+       }
+       | bookpart_body full_markup_list {
+               SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("bookpart-text-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, $$->self_scm (), $2);
+       }
+       | bookpart_body
+       {
+               if (!ly_is_module ($1->header_))
+                       $1->header_ = ly_make_module (false);
+               parser->lexer_->add_scope ($1->header_);
+       } lilypond_header
+       | bookpart_body embedded_scm { }
+       | bookpart_body error {
+               $$->paper_ = 0;
+               $$->scores_ = SCM_EOL;
        }
        ;
 
@@ -787,36 +1001,38 @@ score_block:
        ;
 
 score_body:
-       /**/    {
-               $$ = new Score;
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
+       music {
+               SCM m = $1;
+               SCM scorify = ly_lily_module_constant ("scorify-music");
+               SCM score = scm_call_2 (scorify, m, parser->self_scm ());
+
+               // pass ownernship to C++ again.
+               $$ = unsmob_score (score);
+               $$->protect ();
+               $$->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
        }
        | SCORE_IDENTIFIER {
                $$ = unsmob_score ($1);
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
-       }
-       | score_body object_id_setting {
-               $$->user_key_ = ly_scm2string ($2);
-       }
-       | score_body Music {
-               SCM m = $2->self_scm ();
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (m);
-               $$->set_music (m, THIS->self_scm ());
-       }
-       | score_body lilypond_header    {
-               $$->header_ = $2;
+               $$->protect ();
+               $$->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
        }
+       | score_body
+       {
+               if (!ly_is_module ($1->get_header ()))
+                       $1->set_header (ly_make_module (false));
+               parser->lexer_->add_scope ($1->get_header ());
+       } lilypond_header
        | score_body output_def {
                if ($2->lookup_variable (ly_symbol2scm ("is-paper")) == SCM_BOOL_T)
                {
-                       THIS->parser_error (@2, _("\\paper cannot be used in \\score, use \\layout instead"));
-               
+                       parser->parser_error (@2, _("\\paper cannot be used in \\score, use \\layout instead"));
+
                }
                else
                {
-                       $$->defs_.push ($2);
+                       $$->add_output_def ($2);
                }
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($2->self_scm ());
+               $2->unprotect ();
        }
        | score_body error {
                $$->error_found_ = true;
@@ -833,8 +1049,9 @@ paper_block:
                $$ = $1;
                if ($$->lookup_variable (ly_symbol2scm ("is-paper")) != SCM_BOOL_T)
                {
-                       THIS->parser_error (@1, _ ("need \\paper for paper block"));
-                       $$ = get_paper (THIS);
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("need \\paper for paper block"));
+                       $1->unprotect ();
+                       $$ = get_paper (parser);
                }
        }
        ;
@@ -844,61 +1061,89 @@ output_def:
        output_def_body '}' {
                $$ = $1;
 
-               THIS->lexer_->remove_scope ();
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               parser->lexer_->remove_scope ();
+               parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
        }
        ;
 
 output_def_head:
        PAPER {
-               $$ = get_paper (THIS);
+               $$ = get_paper (parser);
                $$->input_origin_ = @$;
-               THIS->lexer_->add_scope ($$->scope_);
+               parser->lexer_->add_scope ($$->scope_);
        }
        | MIDI    {
-               Output_def *p = get_midi (THIS);
+               Output_def *p = get_midi (parser);
                $$ = p;
-               THIS->lexer_->add_scope (p->scope_);
+               parser->lexer_->add_scope (p->scope_);
        }
        | LAYOUT        {
-               Output_def *p = get_layout (THIS);
+               Output_def *p = get_layout (parser);
 
-               THIS->lexer_->add_scope (p->scope_);
+               parser->lexer_->add_scope (p->scope_);
                $$ = p;
        }
        ;
 
+output_def_head_with_mode_switch:
+       output_def_head {
+               parser->lexer_->push_initial_state ();
+               $$ = $1;
+       }
+       ;
+
+// We need this weird nonterminal because both music as well as a
+// context definition can start with \context and the difference is
+// only apparent after looking at the next token.  If it is '{', there
+// is still time to escape from notes mode.
+
+music_or_context_def:
+       music_arg
+       {
+               parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
+       }
+       | CONTEXT
+       {
+               parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
+       } '{' context_def_spec_body '}'
+       {
+               $$ = $4;
+       }
+       ;
 
 output_def_body:
-       output_def_head '{' {
+       output_def_head_with_mode_switch '{' {
                $$ = $1;
                $$->input_origin_.set_spot (@$);
-               THIS->lexer_->push_initial_state ();
        }
-       | output_def_head '{' OUTPUT_DEF_IDENTIFIER     {
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($1->self_scm ());
+       | output_def_head_with_mode_switch '{' OUTPUT_DEF_IDENTIFIER    {
+               $1->unprotect ();
+
                Output_def *o = unsmob_output_def ($3);
                o->input_origin_.set_spot (@$);
                $$ = o;
-               THIS->lexer_->remove_scope ();
-               THIS->lexer_->add_scope (o->scope_);
-               THIS->lexer_->push_initial_state ();
+               $$->protect ();
+               parser->lexer_->remove_scope ();
+               parser->lexer_->add_scope (o->scope_);
        }
        | output_def_body assignment  {
 
        }
-       | output_def_body context_def_spec_block        {
-               assign_context_def ($$, $2);
-       }
-       | output_def_body tempo_event  {
-               /*
-                       junk this ? there already is tempo stuff in
-                       music.
-               */
-               int m = scm_to_int ($2->get_property ("metronome-count"));
-               Duration *d = unsmob_duration ($2->get_property ("tempo-unit"));
-               set_tempo ($$, d->get_length (), m);
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($2->self_scm ());
+       | output_def_body
+       {
+               SCM nn = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
+               parser->lexer_->push_note_state (nn);
+       } music_or_context_def
+       {
+               if (unsmob_context_def ($3))
+                       assign_context_def ($$, $3);
+               else {
+
+                       SCM proc = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier
+                                    ("output-def-music-handler");
+                       scm_call_3 (proc, parser->self_scm (),
+                                   $1->self_scm (), $3);
+               }
        }
        | output_def_body error {
 
@@ -906,496 +1151,849 @@ output_def_body:
        ;
 
 tempo_event:
-       TEMPO steno_duration '=' bare_unsigned  {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("MetronomeChangeEvent");
-               $$->set_property ("tempo-unit", $2);
-               $$->set_property ("metronome-count", scm_int2num ( $4));
+       TEMPO steno_duration '=' tempo_range    {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("tempo", @$, SCM_EOL, $2, $4);
+       }
+       | TEMPO scalar_closed steno_duration '=' tempo_range    {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("tempo", @$, $2, $3, $5);
+       }
+       | TEMPO scalar {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("tempo", @$, $2);
        }
        ;
 
 /*
-The representation of a  list is the
+The representation of a  list is reversed to have efficient append.  */
 
-  (LIST . LAST-CONS)
-
- to have efficient append.  */
-
-Music_list:
+music_list:
        /* empty */ {
-               $$ = scm_cons (SCM_EOL, SCM_EOL);
+               $$ = SCM_EOL;
        }
-       | Music_list Music {
-               SCM s = $$;
-               SCM c = scm_cons ($2->self_scm (), SCM_EOL);
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($2->self_scm ()); /* UGH */
+       | music_list music_embedded {
+               if (unsmob_music ($2))
+                       $$ = scm_cons ($2, $1);
+       }
+       | music_list error {
+               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC("Music", @$);
+               // ugh. code dup
+               m->set_property ("error-found", SCM_BOOL_T);
+               $$ = scm_cons (m->self_scm (), $1);
+               m->unprotect (); /* UGH */
+       }
+       ;
+
+braced_music_list:
+       '{' music_list '}'
+       {
+               $$ = scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL);
+       }
+       ;
+
+music: music_arg
+       | lyric_element_music
+       ;
 
-               if (scm_is_pair (scm_cdr (s)))
-                       scm_set_cdr_x (scm_cdr (s), c); /* append */
+music_embedded:
+       music
+       | embedded_scm
+       {
+               if (unsmob_music ($1)
+                   || scm_is_eq ($1, SCM_UNSPECIFIED))
+                       $$ = $1;
                else
-                       scm_set_car_x (s, c); /* set first cons */
-               scm_set_cdr_x (s, c);  /* remember last cell */
+               {
+                       @$.warning (_ ("Ignoring non-music expression"));
+                       $$ = SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
+               }
        }
-       | Music_list embedded_scm {
+       ;
 
+music_arg:
+       simple_music
+       {
+               if (unsmob_pitch ($1)) {
+                       Music *n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent", @1);
+                       n->set_property ("pitch", $1);
+                       n->set_property ("duration",
+                                        parser->default_duration_.smobbed_copy ());
+                       $$ = n->unprotect ();
+               }
        }
-       | Music_list error {
-               Music * m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC("Music");
-               // ugh. code dup 
-               m->set_property ("error-found", SCM_BOOL_T);
-               SCM s = $$;
-               SCM c = scm_cons (m->self_scm (), SCM_EOL);
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (m->self_scm ()); /* UGH */
+       | composite_music %prec COMPOSITE
+       ;
 
-               if (scm_is_pair (scm_cdr (s)))
-                       scm_set_cdr_x (scm_cdr (s), c); /* append */
-               else
-                       scm_set_car_x (s, c); /* set first cons */
-               scm_set_cdr_x (s, c);  /* remember last cell */
+music_assign:
+       simple_music
+       | composite_music %prec COMPOSITE
+       | lyric_element_music
+       ;
+
+repeated_music:
+       REPEAT simple_string unsigned_number music
+       {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("repeat", @$, $2, $3, $4, SCM_EOL);
+       }
+       | REPEAT simple_string unsigned_number music ALTERNATIVE braced_music_list
+       {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("repeat", @$, $2, $3, $4, $6);
        }
        ;
 
-Music:
-       Simple_music
-       | Composite_music
+sequential_music:
+       SEQUENTIAL braced_music_list {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("sequential-music", @$, $2);
+       }
+       | braced_music_list {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("sequential-music", @$, $1);
+       }
        ;
 
-Alternative_music:
-       /* empty */ {
-               $$ = SCM_EOL;
+simultaneous_music:
+       SIMULTANEOUS braced_music_list {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("simultaneous-music", @$, $2);
        }
-       | ALTERNATIVE '{' Music_list '}' {
-               $$ = $3;
+       | DOUBLE_ANGLE_OPEN music_list DOUBLE_ANGLE_CLOSE       {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("simultaneous-music", @$, scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
        }
        ;
 
+simple_music:
+       event_chord
+       | music_property_def
+       | context_change
+       ;
 
-Repeated_music:
-       REPEAT simple_string bare_unsigned Music Alternative_music
+context_modification:
+        WITH { parser->lexer_->push_initial_state (); } '{' context_mod_list '}'
+        {
+                parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
+                $$ = $4;
+        }
+        | WITH CONTEXT_MOD_IDENTIFIER
+        {
+                $$ = $2;
+        }
+        | CONTEXT_MOD_IDENTIFIER
+        {
+                $$ = $1;
+        }
+       | WITH embedded_scm_closed
        {
-               Music *beg = $4;
-               int times = $3;
-               SCM alts = scm_is_pair ($5) ? scm_car ($5) : SCM_EOL;
-               if (times < scm_ilength (alts)) {
-                 unsmob_music (scm_car (alts))
-                   ->origin ()->warning (
-                   _ ("more alternatives than repeats"));
-                   warning ("junking excess alternatives");
-                 alts = ly_truncate_list (times, alts);
+               if (unsmob_context_mod ($2))
+                       $$ = $2;
+               else {
+                       parser->parser_error (@2, _ ("not a context mod"));
+                       $$ = Context_mod ().smobbed_copy ();
                }
+       }
+        ;
 
+optional_context_mod:
+        /**/ {
+            $$ = SCM_EOL;
+        }
+        | context_modification
+        {
+              $$ = $1;
+        }
+        ;
 
-               SCM proc = ly_lily_module_constant ("make-repeated-music");
-
-               SCM mus = scm_call_1 (proc, $2);
-               scm_gc_protect_object (mus); // UGH.
-               Music *r = unsmob_music (mus);
-               if (beg)
-                       {
-                       r-> set_property ("element", beg->self_scm ());
-                       scm_gc_unprotect_object (beg->self_scm ());
-                       }
-               r->set_property ("repeat-count", scm_int2num (times >? 1));
+context_mod_list:
+        /**/ {
+            $$ = Context_mod ().smobbed_copy ();
+        }
+        | context_mod_list context_mod  {
+                 unsmob_context_mod ($1)->add_context_mod ($2);
+        }
+        | context_mod_list CONTEXT_MOD_IDENTIFIER {
+                 Context_mod *md = unsmob_context_mod ($2);
+                 if (md)
+                     unsmob_context_mod ($1)->add_context_mods (md->get_mods ());
+        }
+       | context_mod_list context_mod_embedded {
+               unsmob_context_mod ($1)->add_context_mods
+                       (unsmob_context_mod ($2)->get_mods ());
+        }
+        ;
 
-               r-> set_property ("elements",alts);
-               if (ly_c_equal_p ($2, scm_makfrom0str ("tremolo"))) {
-                       /*
-                       TODO: move this code to Scheme.
-                       */
+composite_music:
+       complex_music
+       | music_bare
+       ;
 
-                       /* we cannot get durations and other stuff
-                          correct down the line,
-                          so we have to add to the duration log here. */
-                       SCM func = ly_lily_module_constant ("shift-duration-log");
+/* Music that can be parsed without lookahead */
+closed_music:
+       music_bare
+       | complex_music_prefix closed_music
+       {
+               $$ = FINISH_MAKE_SYNTAX ($1, @$, $2);
+       }
+       | music_function_call_closed
+       ;
 
-                       int dots = ($3 % 3) ? 0 : 1;
-                       int shift = -intlog2 ((dots) ? ($3*2/3) : $3);
+music_bare:
+       mode_changed_music
+       | MUSIC_IDENTIFIER
+       | grouped_music_list
+       ;
 
-                       
-                       if ($4->is_mus_type ("sequential-music"))
-                       {
-                               int list_len = scm_ilength ($4->get_property ("elements"));
-                               if (list_len != 2)
-                                       $4->origin ()->warning (_f ("expect 2 elements for Chord tremolo, found %d", list_len));
-                               shift -= 1;
-                               r->compress (Moment (Rational (1, list_len)));
-                       }
-                       scm_call_3 (func, r->self_scm (), scm_int2num (shift), scm_int2num (dots));
+grouped_music_list:
+       simultaneous_music              { $$ = $1; }
+       | sequential_music              { $$ = $1; }
+       ;
 
-               }
-               r->set_spot (*$4->origin ());
+/* An argument list. If a function \foo expects scm scm pitch, then the lexer expands \foo into the token sequence:
+ MUSIC_FUNCTION EXPECT_PITCH EXPECT_SCM EXPECT_SCM EXPECT_NO_MORE_ARGS
+and this rule returns the reversed list of arguments. */
 
-               $$ = r;
-       }
+function_arglist_skip:
+       function_arglist_common
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_PITCH function_arglist_skip
+       {
+               $$ = scm_cons ($1, $3);
+       } %prec FUNCTION_ARGLIST
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_DURATION function_arglist_skip
+       {
+               $$ = scm_cons ($1, $3);
+       } %prec FUNCTION_ARGLIST
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_skip
+       {
+               $$ = scm_cons ($1, $3);
+       } %prec FUNCTION_ARGLIST
        ;
 
-Sequential_music:
-       SEQUENTIAL '{' Music_list '}'           {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("SequentialMusic");
-               $$->set_property ("elements", scm_car ($3));
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
+
+function_arglist_nonbackup_common:
+       EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_PITCH function_arglist pitch_also_in_chords {
+               $$ = scm_cons ($4, $3);
        }
-       | '{' Music_list '}'            {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("SequentialMusic");
-               $$->set_property ("elements", scm_car ($2));
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_DURATION function_arglist_closed duration_length {
+               $$ = scm_cons ($4, $3);
        }
-       ;
-
-Simultaneous_music:
-       SIMULTANEOUS '{' Music_list '}'{
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("SimultaneousMusic");
-               $$->set_property ("elements", scm_car ($3));
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
-
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed FRACTION
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4, $4, $3, $2);
        }
-       | simul_open Music_list simul_close     {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("SimultaneousMusic");
-               $$->set_property ("elements", scm_car ($2));
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed post_event_nofinger
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4, $4, $3, $2);
        }
-       ;
-
-Simple_music:
-       event_chord             { $$ = $1; }
-       | MUSIC_IDENTIFIER {
-               $$ = unsmob_music ($1);
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed '-' UNSIGNED
+       {
+               SCM n = scm_difference ($5, SCM_UNDEFINED);
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, n)))
+                       $$ = scm_cons (n, $3);
+               else {
+                       Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("FingeringEvent", @5);
+                       t->set_property ("digit", $5);
+                       $$ = t->unprotect ();
+                       if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $$)))
+                               $$ = scm_cons ($$, $3);
+                       else
+                               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4, n, $3, $2);
+               }
+               
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed '-' REAL
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4,
+                                      scm_difference ($5, SCM_UNDEFINED),
+                                      $3, $2);
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed '-' NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4,
+                                      scm_difference ($5, SCM_UNDEFINED),
+                                      $3, $2);
        }
-       | music_property_def
-       | context_change
        ;
 
-
-optional_context_mod:
-       /**/ { $$ = SCM_EOL; }
-       | WITH { THIS->lexer_->push_initial_state (); }
-       '{' context_mod_list '}'
+function_arglist_closed_nonbackup:
+       function_arglist_nonbackup_common
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist embedded_scm_arg_closed
        {
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
-               $$ = $4;
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4, $4, $3, $2);
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed bare_number_closed
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4, $4, $3, $2);
        }
        ;
 
-context_mod_list:
-       /* */  { $$ = SCM_EOL; }
-       | context_mod_list context_mod  {
-                $$ = scm_cons ($2, $1);
+function_arglist_nonbackup:
+       function_arglist_nonbackup_common
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist embedded_scm_arg
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4, $4, $3, $2);
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed bare_number
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4, $4, $3, $2);
        }
        ;
 
-
-Composite_music:
-       Prefix_composite_music { $$ = $1; }
-       | Grouped_music_list { $$ = $1; }
+function_arglist_keep:
+       function_arglist_common
+       | function_arglist_backup
        ;
 
-Grouped_music_list:
-       Simultaneous_music              { $$ = $1; }
-       | Sequential_music              { $$ = $1; }
+function_arglist_closed_keep:
+       function_arglist_closed_common
+       | function_arglist_backup
        ;
 
-Generic_prefix_music_scm:
-       MUSIC_FUNCTION {
-               $$ = scm_list_2 ($1, make_input (@$));
+function_arglist_backup:
+       EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_keep embedded_scm_arg_closed
+       {
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
+               {
+                       $$ = scm_cons ($4, $3);
+               } else {
+                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@3, $1), $3);
+                       MYBACKUP (SCM_IDENTIFIER, $4, @4);
+               }
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_keep post_event_nofinger
+       {
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
+               {
+                       $$ = scm_cons ($4, $3);
+               } else {
+                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@3, $1), $3);
+                       MYBACKUP (EVENT_IDENTIFIER, $4, @4);
+               }
        }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM embedded_scm {
-               $$ = scm_list_3 ($1, make_input (@$), $2);
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_keep lyric_element
+       {
+               // There is no point interpreting a lyrics string as
+               // an event, since we don't allow music possibly
+               // followed by durations or postevent into closed
+               // music, and we only accept closed music in optional
+               // arguments at the moment.  If this changes, more
+               // complex schemes might become interesting here as
+               // well: see how we do this at the mandatory argument
+               // point.
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
+                       $$ = scm_cons ($4, $3);
+               else {
+                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@3, $1), $3);
+                       MYBACKUP (LYRICS_STRING, $4, @4);
+               }
        }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_MARKUP full_markup {
-               $$ = scm_list_3 ($1, make_input (@$), $2);
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_keep UNSIGNED
+       {
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
+               {
+                       $$ = $3;
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, UNSIGNED, $4);
+               } else {
+                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@3, $1), $3);
+                       MYBACKUP (UNSIGNED, $4, @4);
+               }
        }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_MUSIC Music {
-               $$ = scm_list_3 ($1, make_input (@$), $2->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($2->self_scm ());
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_keep REAL
+       {
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
+               {
+                       $$ = $3;
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $2, REAL, $4);
+               } else {
+                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@3, $1), $3);
+                       MYBACKUP (REAL, $4, @4);
+               }
        }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_MUSIC embedded_scm Music {
-               $$ = scm_list_4 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($3->self_scm ());
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_keep NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
+       {
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
+               {
+                       $$ = scm_cons ($4, $3);
+               } else {
+                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@3, $1), $3);
+                       MYBACKUP (NUMBER_IDENTIFIER, $4, @4);
+               }
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_keep FRACTION
+       {
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $4)))
+               {
+                       $$ = scm_cons ($4, $3);
+               } else {
+                       $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@3, $1), $3);
+                       MYBACKUP (FRACTION, $4, @4);
+               }
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_keep '-' UNSIGNED
+       {
+               SCM n = scm_difference ($5, SCM_UNDEFINED);
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, n))) {
+                       $$ = $3;
+                       MYREPARSE (@5, $2, REAL, n);
+               } else {
+                       Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("FingeringEvent", @5);
+                       t->set_property ("digit", $5);
+                       $$ = t->unprotect ();
+                       if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, $$)))
+                               $$ = scm_cons ($$, $3);
+                       else {
+                               $$ = scm_cons (loc_on_music (@3, $1), $3);
+                               MYBACKUP (UNSIGNED, $5, @5);
+                               parser->lexer_->push_extra_token ('-');
+                       }
+               }
+               
        }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM embedded_scm embedded_scm {
-               $$ = scm_list_4 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3);
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_keep '-' REAL
+       {
+               SCM n = scm_difference ($5, SCM_UNDEFINED);
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, n))) {
+                       MYREPARSE (@5, $2, REAL, n);
+                       $$ = $3;
+               } else {
+                       MYBACKUP (REAL, n, @5);
+               }
        }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM_MUSIC embedded_scm embedded_scm Music {
-               $$ = scm_list_5 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3, $4->self_scm ());
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_keep '-' NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
+       {
+               SCM n = scm_difference ($5, SCM_UNDEFINED);
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($2, n))) {
+                       $$ = scm_cons (n, $3);
+               } else {
+                       MYBACKUP (NUMBER_IDENTIFIER, n, @5);
+               }
        }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_MARKUP_MUSIC full_markup Music {
-               $$ = scm_list_4 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($3->self_scm ());
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_PITCH function_arglist_keep pitch_also_in_chords
+       {
+               $$ = scm_cons ($4, $3);
        }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_MARKUP_MARKUP full_markup full_markup {
-               $$ = scm_list_4 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3);
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_DURATION function_arglist_closed_keep duration_length
+       {
+               $$ = scm_cons ($4, $3);
        }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_MUSIC_MUSIC Music Music {
-               $$ = scm_list_4 ($1, make_input (@$), $2->self_scm (), $3->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($2->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($3->self_scm ());
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_backup BACKUP
+       {
+               $$ = scm_cons ($1, $3);
+               MYBACKUP(0, SCM_UNDEFINED, @3);
        }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_MUSIC_MUSIC embedded_scm Music Music {
-               $$ = scm_list_5 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3->self_scm (), $4->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($4->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($3->self_scm ());
+       | function_arglist_backup REPARSE embedded_scm_arg_closed
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
+                                      $3, $1, $2);
        }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_MARKUP_MUSIC_MUSIC full_markup Music Music {
-               $$ = scm_list_5 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3->self_scm (), $4->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($3->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($4->self_scm ());
+       | function_arglist_backup REPARSE bare_number
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
+                                      $3, $1, $2);
        }
        ;
 
-Generic_prefix_music:
-       Generic_prefix_music_scm {
-               SCM func = scm_car ($1);
-               Input *loc = unsmob_input (scm_cadr ($1));
-               SCM args = scm_cddr ($1);
-               SCM sig = scm_object_property (func, ly_symbol2scm ("music-function-signature"));
+function_arglist:
+       function_arglist_common
+       | function_arglist_nonbackup
+       ;
 
-               SCM type_check_proc = ly_lily_module_constant ("type-check-list");
-               bool ok  = true;
+function_arglist_common:
+       function_arglist_bare
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional embedded_scm_arg
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
+                                      $3, $2, $1);
+       }
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_optional bare_number
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
+                                      $3, $2, $1);
+       }
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_optional FRACTION
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
+                                      $3, $2, $1);
+       }
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_optional post_event_nofinger
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
+                                      $3, $2, $1);
+       }
+       | function_arglist_common_minus
+       | function_arglist_common_lyric
+       ;
 
-               if (!to_boolean (scm_call_3  (type_check_proc, scm_cadr ($1), sig, args)))
+function_arglist_common_lyric:
+       EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional lyric_element
+       {
+               // We check how the predicate thinks about a lyrics
+               // event or about a markup.  If it accepts neither, we
+               // backup the original token.  Otherwise we commit to
+               // taking the token.  Depending on what the predicate
+               // is willing to accept, we interpret as a string, as
+               // a lyric event, or ambiguously (meaning that if
+               // something looking like a duration or post event
+               // follows, we take the event, otherwise the string).
+               SCM lyric_event = MAKE_SYNTAX ("lyric-event", @3, $3,
+                                              parser->default_duration_.smobbed_copy ());
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($1, $3)))
+                       if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($1, lyric_event)))
+                       {
+                               $$ = $2;
+                               MYREPARSE (@3, $1, LYRICS_STRING, $3);
+                       } else {
+                               $$ = scm_cons ($3, $2);
+                       }
+               else if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($1, lyric_event)))
                {
-                       THIS->error_level_ = 1;
-                       ok = false;
+                       $$ = $2;
+                       MYREPARSE (@3, $1, LYRIC_ELEMENT, $3);
+               } else {
+                       // This is going to flag a syntax error, we
+                       // know the predicate to be false.
+                       check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
+                                         $3, $2, $1);
                }
+       }
+       | function_arglist_common_lyric REPARSE lyric_element_arg
+       {
+               // This should never be false
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
+                                      $3, $1, $2);
+       }
+       ;
 
-               SCM m = SCM_EOL;
-               if (ok)
-                       m = scm_apply_0 (func, scm_cons (THIS->self_scm(),
-                                                        scm_cdr ($1)));
-
-               if (unsmob_music (m))
-                       {
-                       $$ = unsmob_music (m);
-                       scm_gc_protect_object (m);
-                       }
-               else
-                       {
-                       if (ok)
-                               loc->error (_ ("music head function must return Music object")); 
-                       $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("Music");
-                       }
-               $$->set_spot (*loc);
+function_arglist_common_minus:
+       EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_optional '-' UNSIGNED
+       {
+               SCM n = scm_difference ($4, SCM_UNDEFINED);
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($1, n))) {
+                       $$ = $2;
+                       MYREPARSE (@4, $1, REAL, n);
+               } else {
+                       Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("FingeringEvent", @4);
+                       t->set_property ("digit", $4);
+                       $$ = t->unprotect ();
+                       if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($1, $$)))
+                               $$ = scm_cons ($$, $2);
+                       else
+                               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3, n, $2, $1);
+               }
+               
+       }
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_optional '-' REAL
+       {
+               $$ = $2;
+               SCM n = scm_difference ($4, SCM_UNDEFINED);
+               MYREPARSE (@4, $1, REAL, n);
+       }
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_optional '-' NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
+       {
+               SCM n = scm_difference ($4, SCM_UNDEFINED);
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @4, n, $2, $1);
+       }
+       | function_arglist_common_minus REPARSE bare_number
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3, $3, $1, $2);
        }
        ;
 
+function_arglist_closed:
+       function_arglist_closed_common
+       | function_arglist_closed_nonbackup
+       ;
 
-Prefix_composite_music:
-       Generic_prefix_music {
-               $$ = $1;
+function_arglist_closed_common:
+       function_arglist_bare
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional embedded_scm_arg_closed
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
+                                      $3, $2, $1);
        }
-       | CONTEXT simple_string '=' simple_string optional_context_mod Music {
-               $$ = context_spec_music ($2, $4, $6, $5);
-
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_optional bare_number
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
+                                      $3, $2, $1);
+       }
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_optional '-' UNSIGNED
+       {
+               SCM n = scm_difference ($4, SCM_UNDEFINED);
+               if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($1, n))) {
+                       $$ = scm_cons (n, $2);
+               } else {
+                       Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("FingeringEvent", @4);
+                       t->set_property ("digit", $4);
+                       $$ = t->unprotect ();
+                       if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 ($1, $$)))
+                               $$ = scm_cons ($$, $2);
+                       else
+                               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3, n, $2, $1);
+               }
+               
        }
-       | CONTEXT simple_string optional_context_mod Music {
-               $$ = context_spec_music ($2, SCM_UNDEFINED, $4, $3);
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_optional '-' REAL
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
+                                      scm_difference ($4, SCM_UNDEFINED),
+                                      $2, $1);
        }
-       | NEWCONTEXT simple_string optional_context_mod Music {
-               $$ = context_spec_music ($2, get_next_unique_context_id (), $4,
-                       $3);
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_optional '-' NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
+                                      scm_difference ($4, SCM_UNDEFINED),
+                                      $2, $1);
+       }
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_optional post_event_nofinger
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
+                                      $3, $2, $1);
+       }
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_closed_optional FRACTION
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
+                                      $3, $2, $1);
+       }
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_optional lyric_element
+       {
+               $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3,
+                                      $3, $2, $1);
        }
+       ;
 
-       | TIMES fraction Music  
+function_arglist_optional:
+       function_arglist_keep %prec FUNCTION_ARGLIST
+       | function_arglist_backup BACKUP
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_PITCH function_arglist_optional
+       {
+               $$ = scm_cons ($1, $3);
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_DURATION function_arglist_optional
+       {
+               $$ = scm_cons ($1, $3);
+       }
+       ;
 
+function_arglist_closed_optional:
+       function_arglist_closed_keep %prec FUNCTION_ARGLIST
+       | function_arglist_backup BACKUP
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_PITCH function_arglist_closed_optional
        {
-               int n = scm_to_int (scm_car ($2)); int d = scm_to_int (scm_cdr ($2));
-               Music *mp = $3;
+               $$ = scm_cons ($1, $3);
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_DURATION function_arglist_closed_optional
+       {
+               $$ = scm_cons ($1, $3);
+       }
+       ;
+
+embedded_scm_closed:
+       embedded_scm_bare
+       | scm_function_call_closed
+       ;
+
+embedded_scm_arg_closed:
+       embedded_scm_bare_arg
+       | scm_function_call_closed
+       | closed_music
+       ;
+
+scm_function_call_closed:
+       SCM_FUNCTION function_arglist_closed {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("music-function", @$,
+                                        $1, $2);
+       } %prec FUNCTION_ARGLIST
+       ;
+
+function_arglist_bare:
+       EXPECT_NO_MORE_ARGS {
+               $$ = SCM_EOL;
+       }
+       | EXPECT_PITCH function_arglist_optional pitch_also_in_chords {
+               $$ = scm_cons ($3, $2);
+       }
+       | EXPECT_DURATION function_arglist_closed_optional duration_length {
+               $$ = scm_cons ($3, $2);
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_PITCH function_arglist_skip DEFAULT {
+               $$ = scm_cons ($1, $3);
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_DURATION function_arglist_skip DEFAULT {
+               $$ = scm_cons ($1, $3);
+       }
+       | EXPECT_OPTIONAL EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_skip DEFAULT {
+               $$ = scm_cons ($1, $3);
+       }
+       ;
 
-               $$= MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TimeScaledMusic");
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
+music_function_call:
+       MUSIC_FUNCTION function_arglist {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("music-function", @$,
+                                        $1, $2);
+       }
+       ;
 
-               $$->set_property ("element", mp->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (mp->self_scm ());
-               $$->set_property ("numerator", scm_int2num (n));
-               $$->set_property ("denominator", scm_int2num (d));
-               $$->compress (Moment (Rational (n,d)));
 
+optional_id:
+       /**/ { $$ = SCM_EOL; }
+       | '=' simple_string {
+               $$ = $2;
        }
-       | Repeated_music                { $$ = $1; }
-       | TRANSPOSE pitch_also_in_chords pitch_also_in_chords Music {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TransposedMusic");
-               Music *p = $4;
-               Pitch from = *unsmob_pitch ($2);
-               Pitch to = *unsmob_pitch ($3);
+       ;
 
-               p->transpose (pitch_interval (from, to));
-               $$->set_property ("element", p->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (p->self_scm ());
+complex_music:
+       music_function_call
+       | repeated_music                { $$ = $1; }
+       | re_rhythmed_music     { $$ = $1; }
+       | complex_music_prefix music
+       {
+               $$ = FINISH_MAKE_SYNTAX ($1, @$, $2);
        }
-       | mode_changing_head Grouped_music_list {
+       ;
+
+complex_music_prefix:
+       CONTEXT simple_string optional_id optional_context_mod {
+                Context_mod *ctxmod = unsmob_context_mod ($4);
+                SCM mods = SCM_EOL;
+                if (ctxmod)
+                        mods = ctxmod->get_mods ();
+               $$ = START_MAKE_SYNTAX ("context-specification", $2, $3, mods, SCM_BOOL_F);
+       }
+       | NEWCONTEXT simple_string optional_id optional_context_mod {
+                Context_mod *ctxmod = unsmob_context_mod ($4);
+                SCM mods = SCM_EOL;
+                if (ctxmod)
+                        mods = ctxmod->get_mods ();
+               $$ = START_MAKE_SYNTAX ("context-specification", $2, $3, mods, SCM_BOOL_T);
+       }
+       ;
+
+mode_changed_music:
+       mode_changing_head grouped_music_list {
                if ($1 == ly_symbol2scm ("chords"))
                {
-                 Music *chm = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("UnrelativableMusic");
-                 chm->set_property ("element", $2->self_scm ());
-                 $$ = chm;
-                 scm_gc_unprotect_object ($2->self_scm ());
+                 $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("unrelativable-music", @$, $2);
                }
                else
                {
                  $$ = $2;
                }
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
-       }
-       | mode_changing_head_with_context optional_context_mod Grouped_music_list {
-               $$ = context_spec_music ($1, get_next_unique_context_id (),
-                                        $3, $2);
+               parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
+       }
+       | mode_changing_head_with_context optional_context_mod grouped_music_list {
+                Context_mod *ctxmod = unsmob_context_mod ($2);
+                SCM mods = SCM_EOL;
+                if (ctxmod)
+                        mods = ctxmod->get_mods ();
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("context-specification", @$, $1, SCM_EOL, mods, SCM_BOOL_T, $3);
                if ($1 == ly_symbol2scm ("ChordNames"))
                {
-                 Music *chm = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("UnrelativableMusic");
-                 chm->set_property ("element", $$->self_scm ());
-                 scm_gc_unprotect_object ($$->self_scm ());
-                 $$ = chm;
+                 $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("unrelativable-music", @$, $$);
                }
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
-       }
-       | relative_music        { $$ = $1; }
-       | re_rhythmed_music     { $$ = $1; }
-       | TAG embedded_scm Music {
-               tag_music ($3, $2, @$);
-               $$ = $3;
+               parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
        }
        ;
 
-mode_changing_head: 
+mode_changing_head:
        NOTEMODE {
-               SCM nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
-               THIS->lexer_->push_note_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
+               SCM nn = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
+               parser->lexer_->push_note_state (nn);
 
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("notes");
        }
-       | DRUMMODE 
+       | DRUMMODE
                {
-               SCM nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("drumPitchNames");
-               THIS->lexer_->push_note_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
+               SCM nn = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("drumPitchNames");
+               parser->lexer_->push_note_state (nn);
 
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("drums");
        }
        | FIGUREMODE {
-               THIS->lexer_->push_figuredbass_state ();
+               parser->lexer_->push_figuredbass_state ();
 
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("figures");
        }
        | CHORDMODE {
-               SCM nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("chordmodifiers");
-               THIS->lexer_->chordmodifier_tab_ = alist_to_hashq (nn);
-               nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
-               THIS->lexer_->push_chord_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
+               SCM nn = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("chordmodifiers");
+               parser->lexer_->chordmodifier_tab_ = alist_to_hashq (nn);
+               nn = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
+               parser->lexer_->push_chord_state (nn);
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("chords");
 
        }
        | LYRICMODE
-               { THIS->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
+               { parser->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("lyrics");
        }
        ;
 
-mode_changing_head_with_context: 
+mode_changing_head_with_context:
        DRUMS {
-               SCM nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("drumPitchNames");
-               THIS->lexer_->push_note_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
+               SCM nn = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("drumPitchNames");
+               parser->lexer_->push_note_state (nn);
 
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("DrumStaff");
        }
        | FIGURES {
-               THIS->lexer_->push_figuredbass_state ();
+               parser->lexer_->push_figuredbass_state ();
 
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("FiguredBass");
        }
        | CHORDS {
-               SCM nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("chordmodifiers");
-               THIS->lexer_->chordmodifier_tab_ = alist_to_hashq (nn);
-               nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
-               THIS->lexer_->push_chord_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
+               SCM nn = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("chordmodifiers");
+               parser->lexer_->chordmodifier_tab_ = alist_to_hashq (nn);
+               nn = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
+               parser->lexer_->push_chord_state (nn);
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("ChordNames");
        }
        | LYRICS
-               { THIS->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
+               { parser->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("Lyrics");
        }
        ;
 
-
-relative_music:
-       RELATIVE absolute_pitch Music {
-               Music *m = $3;
-               Pitch start = *unsmob_pitch ($2);
-               $$ = make_music_relative (start, m);
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (m->self_scm ());
-       }
-       | RELATIVE Composite_music {
-               Music *m = $2;
-
-               Pitch middle_c (0, 0, 0);
-               $$ = make_music_relative (middle_c, m);
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (m->self_scm ());
-       }
-       ;
-
 new_lyrics:
-       ADDLYRICS { THIS->lexer_->push_lyric_state (); }
+       ADDLYRICS { parser->lexer_->push_lyric_state (); }
        /*cont */
-       Grouped_music_list {
-       /* Can also use Music at the expensive of two S/Rs similar to
+       composite_music {
+       /* Can also use music at the expensive of two S/Rs similar to
            \repeat \alternative */
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
 
-               $$ = scm_cons ($3->self_scm (), SCM_EOL);
+               $$ = scm_cons ($3, SCM_EOL);
        }
        | new_lyrics ADDLYRICS {
-               THIS->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
-       } Grouped_music_list {
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
-               $$ = scm_cons ($4->self_scm (), $1);
+               parser->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
+       } composite_music {
+               parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               $$ = scm_cons ($4, $1);
        }
        ;
 
 re_rhythmed_music:
-       Grouped_music_list new_lyrics {
-               Music * voice = $1;
-               SCM name = get_first_context_id (scm_makfrom0str ("Voice"), voice); 
-               if (!scm_is_string (name))
-               {
-                       name = get_next_unique_lyrics_context_id ();
-                       voice = context_spec_music (scm_makfrom0str ("Voice"),
-                                                   name,
-                                                   voice, SCM_EOL);
-               }
-
-               SCM context = scm_makfrom0str ("Lyrics");
-               Music *all = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("SimultaneousMusic");
-
-               SCM lst = SCM_EOL;
-               for (SCM s = $2; scm_is_pair (s); s = scm_cdr (s))
-               {
-                       Music *music = unsmob_music (scm_car (s));
-                       Music *com = make_lyric_combine_music (name, music);
-                       Music *csm = context_spec_music (context,
-                               get_next_unique_context_id (), com, SCM_EOL);
-                       lst = scm_cons (csm->self_scm (), lst);
-               }
-               all->set_property ("elements", scm_cons (voice->self_scm (),
-                       lst));
-               $$ = all;
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (voice->self_scm ());
-       }
+       composite_music new_lyrics {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("add-lyrics", @$, $1, scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
+       } %prec COMPOSITE
        | LYRICSTO simple_string {
-               THIS->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
-       } Music {
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
-               Music *music = $4;
-               SCM name = $2;
-               $$ = make_lyric_combine_music (name, music);
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (music->self_scm ());
+               parser->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
+       } music {
+               parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("lyric-combine", @$, $2, $4);
        }
        ;
 
 context_change:
        CHANGE STRING '=' STRING  {
-               Music*t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("ContextChange");
-               t-> set_property ("change-to-type", scm_string_to_symbol ($2));
-               t-> set_property ("change-to-id", $4);
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("context-change", @$, scm_string_to_symbol ($2), $4);
+       }
+       ;
 
-               $$ = t;
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
+
+property_path_revved:
+       embedded_scm_closed {
+               $$ = scm_cons ($1, SCM_EOL);
+       }
+       | property_path_revved embedded_scm_closed {
+               $$ = scm_cons ($2, $1);
+       }
+       ;
+
+property_path:
+       property_path_revved  {
+               $$ = scm_reverse_x ($1, SCM_EOL);
        }
        ;
 
@@ -1408,9 +2006,10 @@ property_operation:
                $$ = scm_list_2 (ly_symbol2scm ("unset"),
                        scm_string_to_symbol ($2));
        }
-       | OVERRIDE simple_string embedded_scm '=' embedded_scm {
-               $$ = scm_list_4 (ly_symbol2scm ("push"),
-                       scm_string_to_symbol ($2), $3, $5);
+       | OVERRIDE simple_string property_path '=' scalar {
+               $$ = scm_append (scm_list_2 (scm_list_3 (ly_symbol2scm ("push"),
+                                                       scm_string_to_symbol ($2), $5),
+                                            $3));
        }
        | REVERT simple_string embedded_scm {
                $$ = scm_list_3 (ly_symbol2scm ("pop"),
@@ -1437,6 +2036,20 @@ context_mod:
        | context_def_mod STRING {
                $$ = scm_list_2 ($1, $2);
        }
+       | context_def_mod embedded_scm
+       {
+               if (!scm_is_string ($2)
+                   && ly_symbol2scm ("consists") != $1
+                   && ly_symbol2scm ("remove") != $1)
+               {
+                       $$ = SCM_EOL;
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("only \\consists and \\remove take non-string argument."));
+               }
+               else
+               {
+                       $$ = scm_list_2 ($1, $2);
+               }
+       }
        ;
 
 context_prop_spec:
@@ -1455,43 +2068,38 @@ context_prop_spec:
        }
        ;
 
-music_property_def:
-       OVERRIDE context_prop_spec embedded_scm '=' scalar {
-               $$ = property_op_to_music (scm_list_4 (
-                       ly_symbol2scm ("poppush"),
-                       scm_cadr ($2),
-                       $3, $5));
-               $$= context_spec_music (scm_car ($2), SCM_UNDEFINED, $$, SCM_EOL);
+simple_music_property_def:
+       OVERRIDE context_prop_spec property_path '=' scalar {
+               $$ = scm_append (scm_list_2 (scm_list_n (scm_car ($2),
+                               ly_symbol2scm ("OverrideProperty"),
+                               scm_cadr ($2),
+                               $5, SCM_UNDEFINED),
+                               $3));
        }
        | REVERT context_prop_spec embedded_scm {
-               $$ = property_op_to_music (scm_list_3 (
-                       ly_symbol2scm ("pop"),
+               $$ = scm_list_4 (scm_car ($2),
+                       ly_symbol2scm ("RevertProperty"),
                        scm_cadr ($2),
-                       $3));
-
-               $$= context_spec_music (scm_car ($2), SCM_UNDEFINED, $$, SCM_EOL);
+                       $3);
        }
        | SET context_prop_spec '=' scalar {
-               $$ = property_op_to_music (scm_list_3 (
-                       ly_symbol2scm ("assign"),
+               $$ = scm_list_4 (scm_car ($2),
+                       ly_symbol2scm ("PropertySet"),
                        scm_cadr ($2),
-                       $4));
-               $$= context_spec_music (scm_car ($2), SCM_UNDEFINED, $$, SCM_EOL);
+                       $4);
        }
        | UNSET context_prop_spec {
-               $$ = property_op_to_music (scm_list_2 (
-                       ly_symbol2scm ("unset"),
-                       scm_cadr ($2)));
-               $$= context_spec_music (scm_car ($2), SCM_UNDEFINED, $$, SCM_EOL);
-       }
-       | ONCE music_property_def {
-               SCM e = $2->get_property ("element");
-                unsmob_music (e)->set_property ("once", SCM_BOOL_T);
-               $$ = $2;
-
+               $$ = scm_list_3 (scm_car ($2),
+                       ly_symbol2scm ("PropertyUnset"),
+                       scm_cadr ($2));
        }
        ;
 
+music_property_def:
+       simple_music_property_def {
+               $$ = LOWLEVEL_MAKE_SYNTAX (ly_lily_module_constant ("property-operation"), scm_cons2 (parser->self_scm (), make_input (@$), $1));
+       }
+       ;
 
 string:
        STRING {
@@ -1511,72 +2119,61 @@ simple_string: STRING {
        | LYRICS_STRING {
                $$ = $1;
        }
-       ;
-
-scalar: string {
-               $$ = $1;
-       }
-       | LYRICS_STRING {
-               $$ = $1;
-       }
-       | bare_number {
-               $$ = $1;
-/*             if (scm_integer_p ($1) == SCM_BOOL_T)
-               {
-                       int k = scm_to_int (scm_inexact_to_exact ($1));
-                       $$ = k;
-               } else
-               {
-                       THIS->parser_error (@1, _ ("need integer number arg"));
-                       $$ = 0;
-               }*/
-       }
-        | embedded_scm {
-               $$ = $1;
-       }
-       | full_markup {
+       | STRING_IDENTIFIER {
                $$ = $1;
        }
-       | DIGIT {
-               $$ = scm_int2num ($1);
-       }
        ;
 
-/*
-
-pre_events doesn't contain anything. It is a trick:
-
-Adding pre_events to the simple_element
-makes the choice between
-
-  string:  STRING
-
-and
-
-  simple_element: STRING
-
-a single shift/reduction conflict.
-
-nevertheless, this is not very clean, and we should find a different
-solution.
+scalar:
+       embedded_scm_arg
+       | bare_number
+       | FRACTION
+       | lyric_element
+       ;
 
-*/
-pre_events: /* empty */
+scalar_closed:
+       embedded_scm_arg_closed
+       | bare_number
+       | FRACTION
+       | lyric_element
        ;
 
-event_chord:
-       pre_events simple_element post_events   {
-               SCM elts = $2-> get_property ("elements");
 
-               elts = ly_append2 (elts, scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL));
+event_chord:
+       simple_element post_events {
+               // Let the rhythmic music iterator sort this mess out.
+               if (scm_is_pair ($2)) {
+                       if (unsmob_pitch ($1)) {
+                               Music *n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent", @1);
+                               n->set_property ("pitch", $1);
+                               n->set_property ("duration",
+                                                parser->default_duration_.smobbed_copy ());
+                               $$ = n->unprotect ();
+                       }
+                       unsmob_music ($$)->set_property ("articulations",
+                                                        scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
+               }
+       }
+       | simple_chord_elements post_events     {
+               SCM elts = ly_append2 ($1, scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
 
-               $2->set_property ("elements", elts);
+               Input i;
                /* why is this giving wrong start location? -ns
-                * $2->set_spot (@$); */
+                * i = @$; */
+               i.set_location (@1, @2);
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("event-chord", i, elts);
+       }
+       | CHORD_REPETITION optional_notemode_duration post_events {
                Input i;
-               i.set_location (@2, @3);
-               $2->set_spot (i);
-               $$ = $2;
+               i.set_location (@1, @3);
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("repetition-chord", i,
+                                 $2, scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL));
+       }
+       | MULTI_MEASURE_REST optional_notemode_duration post_events {
+               Input i;
+               i.set_location (@1, @3);
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("multi-measure-rest", i, $2,
+                                 scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL));
        }
        | command_element
        | note_chord_element
@@ -1586,47 +2183,33 @@ event_chord:
 note_chord_element:
        chord_body optional_notemode_duration post_events
        {
+               Music *m = unsmob_music ($1);
                SCM dur = unsmob_duration ($2)->smobbed_copy ();
-               SCM es = $1->get_property ("elements");
+               SCM es = m->get_property ("elements");
                SCM postevs = scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL);
 
                for (SCM s = es; scm_is_pair (s); s = scm_cdr (s))
                  unsmob_music (scm_car (s))->set_property ("duration", dur);
                es = ly_append2 (es, postevs);
 
-               $1-> set_property ("elements", es);
-               $1->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = $1;
+               m-> set_property ("elements", es);
+               m->set_spot (@$);
+               $$ = m->self_scm ();
        }
        ;
 
-chord_open: '<'
-       ;
-
-chord_close: '>'
-       ;
-
-simul_open: DOUBLE_ANGLE_OPEN
-       ;
-
-simul_close: DOUBLE_ANGLE_CLOSE
-       ;
-
 chord_body:
-       chord_open chord_body_elements chord_close
+       ANGLE_OPEN chord_body_elements ANGLE_CLOSE
        {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
-               $$->set_property ("elements",
-                       scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("event-chord", @$, scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
        }
        ;
 
 chord_body_elements:
        /* empty */             { $$ = SCM_EOL; }
        | chord_body_elements chord_body_element {
-               $$ = scm_cons ($2->self_scm (), $1);
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($2->self_scm ());
+               if (!SCM_UNBNDP ($2))
+                       $$ = scm_cons ($2, $1);
        }
        ;
 
@@ -1638,9 +2221,8 @@ chord_body_element:
                SCM check = $4;
                SCM post = $5;
 
-               Music *n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent");
+               Music *n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent", @$);
                n->set_property ("pitch", $1);
-               n->set_spot (@$);
                if (q % 2)
                        n->set_property ("cautionary", SCM_BOOL_T);
                if (ex % 2 || q % 2)
@@ -1653,170 +2235,101 @@ chord_body_element:
                if (scm_is_number (check))
                {
                        int q = scm_to_int (check);
-                       n->set_property ("absolute-octave", scm_int2num (q-1));
+                       n->set_property ("absolute-octave", scm_from_int (q-1));
                }
 
-               
-               $$ = n;
+               $$ = n->unprotect ();
        }
        | DRUM_PITCH post_events {
-               Music *n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent");
-               n->set_property ("duration", $2);
+               Music *n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent", @$);
                n->set_property ("drum-type", $1);
-               n->set_spot (@$);
 
                if (scm_is_pair ($2)) {
                        SCM arts = scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL);
                        n->set_property ("articulations", arts);
                }
-               $$ = n;
+               $$ = n->unprotect ();
+       }
+       | music_function_chord_body
+       {
+               Music *m = unsmob_music ($1);
+
+               while (m && m->is_mus_type ("music-wrapper-music")) {
+                       $$ = m->get_property ("element");
+                       m = unsmob_music ($$);
+               }
+
+               if (!(m && m->is_mus_type ("rhythmic-event"))) {
+                       parser->parser_error (@$, _ ("not a rhythmic event"));
+                       $$ = SCM_UNDEFINED;
+               }
        }
        ;
 
-add_quote:
-       ADDQUOTE string Music {
-               SCM adder = ly_lily_module_constant ("add-quotable");
-               
-               scm_call_2 (adder, $2, $3->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($3->self_scm ());
+music_function_chord_body:
+       music_function_call
+       | MUSIC_IDENTIFIER
+       ;
+
+// Event functions may only take closed arglists, otherwise it would
+// not be clear whether a following postevent should be associated
+// with the last argument of the event function or with the expression
+// for which the function call acts itself as event.
+
+music_function_call_closed:
+       MUSIC_FUNCTION function_arglist_closed {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("music-function", @$,
+                                        $1, $2);
+       }
+       ;
+
+event_function_event:
+       EVENT_FUNCTION function_arglist_closed {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("music-function", @$,
+                                        $1, $2);
        }
        ;
 
 command_element:
-       command_req {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
-               $$->set_property ("elements", scm_cons ($1->self_scm (), SCM_EOL));
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($1->self_scm ());
-
-               $$-> set_spot (@$);
-               $1-> set_spot (@$);
-       }
-       | SKIP duration_length {
-               Music *skip = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("SkipMusic");
-               skip->set_property ("duration", $2);
-               skip->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = skip;
-       }
-       | OCTAVE pitch {
-               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("RelativeOctaveCheck");
-               $$ = m;
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
-               $$->set_property ("pitch", $2);
+       command_event {
+               $$ = $1;
        }
        | E_BRACKET_OPEN {
-               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("LigatureEvent");
-               m->set_property ("span-direction", scm_int2num (START));
-               m->set_spot (@$);
-
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
-               $$->set_property ("elements", scm_cons (m->self_scm (), SCM_EOL));
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (m->self_scm ());
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
+               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("LigatureEvent", @$);
+               m->set_property ("span-direction", scm_from_int (START));
+               $$ = m->unprotect();
        }
        | E_BRACKET_CLOSE {
-               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("LigatureEvent");
-               m->set_property ("span-direction", scm_int2num (STOP));
-               m->set_spot (@$);
-
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
-               $$->set_property ("elements", scm_cons (m->self_scm (), SCM_EOL));
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (m->self_scm ());
+               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("LigatureEvent", @$);
+               m->set_property ("span-direction", scm_from_int (STOP));
+               $$ = m->unprotect ();
        }
        | E_BACKSLASH {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("VoiceSeparator");
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("voice-separator", @$);
        }
        | '|'      {
-               SCM pipe = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pipeSymbol");
+               SCM pipe = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pipeSymbol");
 
-               if (Music * m = unsmob_music (pipe))
-                       $$ = m->clone ();
+               Music *m = unsmob_music (pipe);
+               if (m)
+               {
+                       m = m->clone ();
+                       m->set_spot (@$);
+                       $$ = m->unprotect ();
+               }
                else
-                       $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("BarCheck");
-
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
-       }
-       | TRANSPOSITION pitch {
-               Pitch middle_c;
-               Pitch sounds_as_c = pitch_interval (*unsmob_pitch ($2), middle_c);
-               $$ = set_property_music (ly_symbol2scm ("instrumentTransposition"),
-                                        sounds_as_c.smobbed_copy());
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = context_spec_music (ly_symbol2scm ("Staff"), SCM_UNDEFINED,
-                       $$, SCM_EOL);
-       }
-       | BAR STRING                    {
-               Music *t = set_property_music (ly_symbol2scm ("whichBar"), $2);
-
-               Music *csm = context_spec_music (ly_symbol2scm ("Timing"), SCM_UNDEFINED,
-                                       t, SCM_EOL);
-               $$ = context_spec_music (ly_symbol2scm ("Score"), SCM_UNDEFINED, csm, SCM_EOL);
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
-               t->set_spot (@$);
-       }
-       | PARTIAL duration_length       {
-               Moment m = - unsmob_duration ($2)->get_length ();
-               Music *p = set_property_music (ly_symbol2scm ( "measurePosition"),m.smobbed_copy ());
-               p->set_spot (@$);
-               p = context_spec_music (ly_symbol2scm ("Timing"), SCM_UNDEFINED,
-                                       p, SCM_EOL);
-               p = context_spec_music (ly_symbol2scm ("Score"), SCM_UNDEFINED,
-                                       p, SCM_EOL);
-               $$ = p;
-       }
-       | CLEF STRING  {
-               SCM proc = ly_lily_module_constant ("make-clef-set");
-
-               SCM result = scm_call_1 (proc, $2);
-               scm_gc_protect_object (result);
-               $$ = unsmob_music (result);
-       }
-       | TIME_T fraction  {
-               SCM proc = ly_lily_module_constant ("make-time-signature-set");
+                       $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("bar-check", @$);
 
-               SCM result = scm_apply_2   (proc, scm_car ($2), scm_cdr ($2), SCM_EOL);
-               scm_gc_protect_object (result);
-               $$ = unsmob_music (result);
-       }
-       | MARK scalar {
-               SCM proc = ly_lily_module_constant ("make-mark-set");
-
-               SCM result = scm_call_1 (proc, $2);
-               scm_gc_protect_object (result);
-               $$ = unsmob_music (result);
        }
        ;
 
-command_req:
+command_event:
        E_TILDE {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("PesOrFlexaEvent");
-       }
-       | MARK DEFAULT  {
-               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("MarkEvent");
-               $$ = m;
+               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("PesOrFlexaEvent", @$)->unprotect ();
        }
        | tempo_event {
                $$ = $1;
        }
-       | KEY DEFAULT {
-               Music *key = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("KeyChangeEvent");
-               $$ = key;
-       }
-       | KEY NOTENAME_PITCH SCM_IDENTIFIER     {
-
-               Music *key = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("KeyChangeEvent");
-               if (scm_ilength ($3) > 0)
-               {               
-                       key->set_property ("pitch-alist", $3);
-                       key->set_property ("tonic", Pitch (0, 0, 0).smobbed_copy ());
-                       key->transpose (* unsmob_pitch ($2));
-               } else {
-                       THIS->parser_error (@3, _ ("second argument must be pitch list"));
-               }
-
-               $$ = key;
-       }
        ;
 
 
@@ -1825,59 +2338,72 @@ post_events:
                $$ = SCM_EOL;
        }
        | post_events post_event {
-               $2->set_spot (@2);
-               $$ = scm_cons ($2->self_scm (), $$);
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($2->self_scm ());
-       }
-       | post_events tagged_post_event {
-               $2 -> set_spot (@2);
-               $$ = scm_cons ($2->self_scm (), $$);
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($2->self_scm ());
-       }
-       ;
-
-
-tagged_post_event:
-       '-' TAG embedded_scm post_event {
-               tag_music ($4, $3, @$);
-               $$ = $4;
+               unsmob_music ($2)->set_spot (@2);
+               $$ = scm_cons ($2, $$);
        }
        ;
 
-
-post_event:
+post_event_nofinger:
        direction_less_event {
                $$ = $1;
        }
+       | script_dir music_function_call_closed {
+               $$ = $2;
+               if ($1)
+               {
+                       unsmob_music ($$)->set_property ("direction", scm_from_int ($1));
+               }
+       }
        | HYPHEN {
-               if (!THIS->lexer_->is_lyric_state ())
-                       THIS->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Lyric mode for lyrics"));
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("HyphenEvent");
+               if (!parser->lexer_->is_lyric_state ())
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Lyric mode for lyrics"));
+               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("HyphenEvent", @$)->unprotect ();
        }
        | EXTENDER {
-               if (!THIS->lexer_->is_lyric_state ())
-                       THIS->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Lyric mode for lyrics"));
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("ExtenderEvent");
+               if (!parser->lexer_->is_lyric_state ())
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Lyric mode for lyrics"));
+               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("ExtenderEvent", @$)->unprotect ();
        }
        | script_dir direction_reqd_event {
                if ($1)
-                       $2->set_property ("direction", scm_int2num ($1));
+               {
+                       Music *m = unsmob_music ($2);
+                       m->set_property ("direction", scm_from_int ($1));
+               }
                $$ = $2;
        }
        | script_dir direction_less_event {
                if ($1)
-                       $2->set_property ("direction", scm_int2num ($1));
+               {
+                       Music *m = unsmob_music ($2);
+                       m->set_property ("direction", scm_from_int ($1));
+               }
+               $$ = $2;
+       }
+       | '^' fingering
+       {
+               $$ = $2;
+               unsmob_music ($$)->set_property ("direction", scm_from_int (UP));
+       }
+       | '_' fingering
+       {
+               $$ = $2;
+               unsmob_music ($$)->set_property ("direction", scm_from_int (DOWN));
+       }                       
+       ;
+
+post_event:
+       post_event_nofinger
+       | '-' fingering {
                $$ = $2;
        }
-       | string_number_event
        ;
 
 string_number_event:
        E_UNSIGNED {
-               Music *s = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("StringNumberEvent");
-               s->set_property ("string-number", scm_int2num ($1));
-               s->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = s;
+               Music *s = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("StringNumberEvent", @$);
+               s->set_property ("string-number", scm_from_int ($1));
+               $$ = s->unprotect ();
        }
        ;
 
@@ -1886,7 +2412,7 @@ direction_less_char:
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("bracketOpenSymbol");
        }
        | ']'  {
-               $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("bracketCloseSymbol"); 
+               $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("bracketCloseSymbol");
        }
        | '~'  {
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("tildeSymbol");
@@ -1916,49 +2442,50 @@ direction_less_char:
 
 direction_less_event:
        direction_less_char {
-               SCM predefd = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier_symbol ($1);
-               Music * m = 0;
+               SCM predefd = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier_symbol ($1);
+               Music *m = 0;
                if (unsmob_music (predefd))
                {
                        m = unsmob_music (predefd)->clone ();
+                       m->set_spot (@$);
                }
                else
                {
-                       m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("Music");
+                       m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("Music", @$);
                }
-               m->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = m;         
+               $$ = m->unprotect ();
        }
+       | string_number_event
        | EVENT_IDENTIFIER      {
-               $$ = unsmob_music ($1);
+               $$ = $1;
        }
        | tremolo_type  {
-               Music *a = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TremoloEvent");
-               a->set_spot (@$);
-               a->set_property ("tremolo-type", scm_int2num ($1));
-               $$ = a;
+               Music *a = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TremoloEvent", @$);
+               a->set_property ("tremolo-type", scm_from_int ($1));
+               $$ = a->unprotect ();
         }
-       ;       
-       
+       | event_function_event  
+       ;
+
 direction_reqd_event:
        gen_text_def {
                $$ = $1;
        }
        | script_abbreviation {
-               SCM s = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("dash" + ly_scm2string ($1));
-               Music *a = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("ArticulationEvent");
+               SCM s = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("dash" + ly_scm2string ($1));
+               Music *a = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("ArticulationEvent", @$);
                if (scm_is_string (s))
                        a->set_property ("articulation-type", s);
-               else THIS->parser_error (@1, _ ("expecting string as script definition"));
-               $$ = a;
+               else parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("expecting string as script definition"));
+               $$ = a->unprotect ();
        }
        ;
 
 octave_check:
        /**/ { $$ = SCM_EOL; }
-       | '='  { $$ = scm_int2num (0); }
-       | '=' sub_quotes { $$ = scm_int2num ($2); }
-       | '=' sup_quotes { $$ = scm_int2num ($2); }
+       | '='  { $$ = scm_from_int (0); }
+       | '=' sub_quotes { $$ = scm_from_int (-$2); }
+       | '=' sup_quotes { $$ = scm_from_int ($2); }
        ;
 
 sup_quotes:
@@ -2009,7 +2536,7 @@ steno_tonic_pitch:
                $$ = p.smobbed_copy ();
        }
        | TONICNAME_PITCH sub_quotes     {
-               Pitch p =unsmob_pitch ($1);
+               Pitch p = *unsmob_pitch ($1);
 
                p = p.transposed (Pitch (-$2,0,0));
                $$ = p.smobbed_copy ();
@@ -2020,6 +2547,7 @@ pitch:
        steno_pitch {
                $$ = $1;
        }
+       | PITCH_IDENTIFIER
        ;
 
 pitch_also_in_chords:
@@ -2029,48 +2557,47 @@ pitch_also_in_chords:
 
 gen_text_def:
        full_markup {
-               Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TextScriptEvent");
+               Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TextScriptEvent", @$);
                t->set_property ("text", $1);
-               t->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = t; 
+               $$ = t->unprotect ();
        }
-       | string {
-               Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TextScriptEvent");
+       | simple_string {
+               Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TextScriptEvent", @$);
                t->set_property ("text",
                        make_simple_markup ($1));
-               t->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = t;
-       
+               $$ = t->unprotect ();
        }
-       | DIGIT {
-               Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("FingerEvent");
-               t->set_property ("digit", scm_int2num ($1));
-               t->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = t;
+       ;
+
+fingering:
+       UNSIGNED {
+               Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("FingeringEvent", @$);
+               t->set_property ("digit", $1);
+               $$ = t->unprotect ();
        }
        ;
 
 script_abbreviation:
        '^'             {
-               $$ = scm_makfrom0str ("Hat");
+               $$ = scm_from_locale_string ("Hat");
        }
        | '+'           {
-               $$ = scm_makfrom0str ("Plus");
+               $$ = scm_from_locale_string ("Plus");
        }
        | '-'           {
-               $$ = scm_makfrom0str ("Dash");
+               $$ = scm_from_locale_string ("Dash");
        }
        | '|'           {
-               $$ = scm_makfrom0str ("Bar");
+               $$ = scm_from_locale_string ("Bar");
        }
-       | '>'           {
-               $$ = scm_makfrom0str ("Larger");
+       | ANGLE_CLOSE   {
+               $$ = scm_from_locale_string ("Larger");
        }
        | '.'           {
-               $$ = scm_makfrom0str ("Dot");
+               $$ = scm_from_locale_string ("Dot");
        }
        | '_' {
-               $$ = scm_makfrom0str ("Underscore");
+               $$ = scm_from_locale_string ("Underscore");
        }
        ;
 
@@ -2080,31 +2607,28 @@ script_dir:
        | '-'   { $$ = CENTER; }
        ;
 
-
-absolute_pitch:
-       steno_pitch     {
-               $$ = $1;
-       }
-       ;
-
 duration_length:
        multiplied_duration {
                $$ = $1;
        }
        ;
 
-optional_notemode_duration:
+maybe_notemode_duration:
        {
-               Duration dd = THIS->default_duration_;
-               $$ = dd.smobbed_copy ();
-
-               THIS->beam_check ($$);
+               $$ = SCM_UNDEFINED;
        }
        | multiplied_duration   {
                $$ = $1;
-               THIS->default_duration_ = *unsmob_duration ($$);
+               parser->default_duration_ = *unsmob_duration ($$);
+       }
+;
+
 
-               THIS->beam_check ($$);
+optional_notemode_duration:
+       maybe_notemode_duration
+       {
+               if (SCM_UNBNDP ($$))
+                       $$ = parser->default_duration_.smobbed_copy ();
        }
        ;
 
@@ -2112,7 +2636,7 @@ steno_duration:
        bare_unsigned dots              {
                int len = 0;
                if (!is_duration ($1))
-                       THIS->parser_error (@1, _f ("not a duration: %d", $1));
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, _f ("not a duration: %d", $1));
                else
                        len = intlog2 ($1);
 
@@ -2121,6 +2645,7 @@ steno_duration:
        | DURATION_IDENTIFIER dots      {
                Duration *d = unsmob_duration ($1);
                Duration k (d->duration_log (), d->dot_count () + $2);
+               k = k.compressed (d->factor ());
                *d = k;
                $$ = $1;
        }
@@ -2140,13 +2665,6 @@ multiplied_duration:
        }
        ;
 
-fraction:
-       FRACTION { $$ = $1; }
-       | UNSIGNED '/' UNSIGNED {
-               $$ = scm_cons (scm_int2num ($1), scm_int2num ($3));
-       }
-       ;
-
 dots:
        /* empty */     {
                $$ = 0;
@@ -2162,70 +2680,98 @@ tremolo_type:
        }
        | ':' bare_unsigned {
                if (!is_duration ($2))
-                       THIS->parser_error (@2, _f ("not a duration: %d", $2));
+                       parser->parser_error (@2, _f ("not a duration: %d", $2));
                $$ = $2;
        }
        ;
 
 bass_number:
-       DIGIT   {
-               $$ = scm_number_to_string (scm_int2num ($1), scm_int2num (10));
-               $$ = scm_list_2 (ly_lily_module_constant ("number-markup"),
-                               $$);
-       }
-       | UNSIGNED {
-               $$ = scm_number_to_string (scm_int2num ($1), scm_int2num (10));
-               $$ = scm_list_2 (ly_lily_module_constant ("number-markup"),
-                               $$);
-       }
+       UNSIGNED { $$ = $1; }
        | STRING { $$ = $1; }
        | full_markup { $$ = $1; }
        ;
 
-bass_mod:
-       '-'     { $$ = -2; }
-       | '+'   { $$ = 2; }
-       | '!'   { $$ = 0; }
+figured_bass_alteration:
+       '-'     { $$ = ly_rational2scm (FLAT_ALTERATION); }
+       | '+'   { $$ = ly_rational2scm (SHARP_ALTERATION); }
+       | '!'   { $$ = scm_from_int (0); }
        ;
 
 bass_figure:
        FIGURE_SPACE {
-               Music *bfr = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("BassFigureEvent");
-               $$ = bfr->self_scm ();
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($$);
+               Music *bfr = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("BassFigureEvent", @$);
+               $$ = bfr->unprotect ();
        }
        | bass_number  {
-               Music *bfr = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("BassFigureEvent");
+               Music *bfr = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("BassFigureEvent", @$);
                $$ = bfr->self_scm ();
 
-               bfr->set_property ("figure", $1);
+               if (scm_is_number ($1))
+                       bfr->set_property ("figure", $1);
+               else if (Text_interface::is_markup ($1))
+                       bfr->set_property ("text", $1);
 
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object ($$);
+               bfr->unprotect ();
        }
-       | bass_figure bass_mod {
+       | bass_figure ']' {
+               $$ = $1;
+               unsmob_music ($1)->set_property ("bracket-stop", SCM_BOOL_T);
+       }
+       | bass_figure figured_bass_alteration {
                Music *m = unsmob_music ($1);
-               if ($2) {
+               if (scm_to_double ($2)) {
                        SCM salter = m->get_property ("alteration");
-                       int alter = scm_is_number (salter) ? scm_to_int (salter) : 0;
+                       SCM alter = scm_is_number (salter) ? salter : scm_from_int (0);
                        m->set_property ("alteration",
-                               scm_int2num (alter + $2));
+                                        scm_sum (alter, $2));
                } else {
-                       m->set_property ("alteration", scm_int2num (0));
+                       m->set_property ("alteration", scm_from_int (0));
                }
        }
+       | bass_figure figured_bass_modification  {
+               Music *m = unsmob_music ($1);
+               if ($2 == ly_symbol2scm ("plus"))
+                       {
+                       m->set_property ("augmented", SCM_BOOL_T);
+                       }
+               else if ($2 == ly_symbol2scm ("slash"))
+                       {
+                       m->set_property ("diminished", SCM_BOOL_T);
+                       }
+               else if ($2 == ly_symbol2scm ("exclamation"))
+                       {
+                       m->set_property ("no-continuation", SCM_BOOL_T);
+                       }
+               else if ($2 == ly_symbol2scm ("backslash"))
+                       {
+                       m->set_property ("augmented-slash", SCM_BOOL_T);
+                       }
+       }
        ;
 
-br_bass_figure:
-       '[' bass_figure {
-               $$ = $2;
-               unsmob_music ($$)->set_property ("bracket-start", SCM_BOOL_T);
+
+figured_bass_modification:
+       E_PLUS          {
+               $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("plus");
        }
-       | bass_figure   {
-               $$ = $1;
+       | E_EXCLAMATION {
+               $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("exclamation");
+       }
+       | '/'           {
+               $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("slash");
+       }
+       | E_BACKSLASH {
+               $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("backslash");
        }
-       | br_bass_figure ']' {
+       ;
+
+br_bass_figure:
+       bass_figure {
                $$ = $1;
-               unsmob_music ($1)->set_property ("bracket-stop", SCM_BOOL_T);
+       }
+       | '[' bass_figure {
+               $$ = $2;
+               unsmob_music ($$)->set_property ("bracket-start", SCM_BOOL_T);
        }
        ;
 
@@ -2240,10 +2786,7 @@ figure_list:
 
 figure_spec:
        FIGURE_OPEN figure_list FIGURE_CLOSE {
-               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
-               $2 = scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL);
-               m->set_property ("elements", $2);
-               $$ = m->self_scm ();
+               $$ = scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL);
        }
        ;
 
@@ -2254,104 +2797,72 @@ optional_rest:
        ;
 
 simple_element:
-       pitch exclamations questions octave_check optional_notemode_duration optional_rest {
-               if (!THIS->lexer_->is_note_state ())
-                       THIS->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Note mode for notes"));
-
-               Music *n = 0;
-               if ($6)
-                       n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("RestEvent");
-               else
-                       n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent");
-               
-               n->set_property ("pitch", $1);
-               n->set_property ("duration", $5);
-
-               if (scm_is_number ($4))
+       pitch exclamations questions octave_check maybe_notemode_duration optional_rest {
+               if (!parser->lexer_->is_note_state ())
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Note mode for notes"));
+               if ($2 || $3 || scm_is_number ($4) || !SCM_UNBNDP ($5) || $6)
                {
-                       int q = scm_to_int ($4);
-                       n->set_property ("absolute-octave", scm_int2num (q-1));
+                       Music *n = 0;
+                       if ($6)
+                               n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("RestEvent", @$);
+                       else
+                               n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent", @$);
+                       
+                       n->set_property ("pitch", $1);
+                       if (SCM_UNBNDP ($5))
+                               n->set_property ("duration",
+                                                parser->default_duration_.smobbed_copy ());
+                       else
+                               n->set_property ("duration", $5);
+                       
+                       if (scm_is_number ($4))
+                       {
+                               int q = scm_to_int ($4);
+                               n->set_property ("absolute-octave", scm_from_int (q-1));
+                       }
+                       
+                       if ($3 % 2)
+                               n->set_property ("cautionary", SCM_BOOL_T);
+                       if ($2 % 2 || $3 % 2)
+                               n->set_property ("force-accidental", SCM_BOOL_T);
+                       
+                       $$ = n->unprotect ();
                }
-
-               if ($3 % 2)
-                       n->set_property ("cautionary", SCM_BOOL_T);
-               if ($2 % 2 || $3 % 2)
-                       n->set_property ("force-accidental", SCM_BOOL_T);
-
-               Music *v = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
-               v->set_property ("elements", scm_list_1 (n->self_scm ()));
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (n->self_scm ());
-
-               v->set_spot (@$);
-               n->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = v;
        }
        | DRUM_PITCH optional_notemode_duration {
-               Music *n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent");
+               Music *n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent", @$);
                n->set_property ("duration", $2);
                n->set_property ("drum-type", $1);
 
-               Music *v = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
-               v->set_property ("elements", scm_list_1 (n->self_scm ()));
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (n->self_scm ());
-               v->set_spot (@$);
-               n->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = v;
-               
+               $$ = n->unprotect ();
        }
-       | figure_spec optional_notemode_duration {
-               Music *m = unsmob_music ($1);
-               m->set_spot (@$);
-               for (SCM s = m->get_property ("elements"); scm_is_pair (s); s = scm_cdr (s))
-               {
-                       unsmob_music (scm_car (s))->set_property ("duration", $2);
-               }
-               $$ = m;
-       }       
        | RESTNAME optional_notemode_duration           {
                Music *ev = 0;
                if (ly_scm2string ($1) == "s") {
                        /* Space */
-                       ev = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("SkipEvent");
+                       ev = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("SkipEvent", @$);
                  }
                else {
-                       ev = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("RestEvent");
-               
+                       ev = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("RestEvent", @$);
+
                    }
                ev->set_property ("duration", $2);
-               ev->set_spot (@$);
-               Music *velt = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
-               velt->set_property ("elements", scm_list_1 (ev->self_scm ()));
-               velt->set_spot (@$);
-
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (ev->self_scm ());
-
-               $$ = velt;
-       }
-       | MULTI_MEASURE_REST optional_notemode_duration         {
-               SCM proc = ly_lily_module_constant ("make-multi-measure-rest");
-               SCM mus = scm_call_2 (proc, $2, make_input (@$));
-               scm_gc_protect_object (mus);
-               $$ = unsmob_music (mus);
+               $$ = ev->unprotect ();
        }
-       
-       | lyric_element optional_notemode_duration      {
-               if (!THIS->lexer_->is_lyric_state ())
-                       THIS->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Lyric mode for lyrics"));
-
-               Music *lreq = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("LyricEvent");
-               lreq->set_property ("text", $1);
-               lreq->set_property ("duration",$2);
-               lreq->set_spot (@$);
-               Music *velt = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
-               velt->set_property ("elements", scm_list_1 (lreq->self_scm ()));
+       ;
 
-               $$= velt;
+simple_chord_elements:
+       new_chord {
+                if (!parser->lexer_->is_chord_state ())
+                        parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Chord mode for chords"));
+                $$ = $1;
        }
-       | new_chord {
-                if (!THIS->lexer_->is_chord_state ())
-                        THIS->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Chord mode for chords"));
-                $$ = unsmob_music ($1);
+       | figure_spec optional_notemode_duration {
+               for (SCM s = $1; scm_is_pair (s); s = scm_cdr (s))
+               {
+                       unsmob_music (scm_car (s))->set_property ("duration", $2);
+               }
+               $$ = $1;
        }
        ;
 
@@ -2360,23 +2871,55 @@ lyric_element:
                $$ = $1;
        }
        | LYRICS_STRING {
-               $$ = make_simple_markup ($1);
+               $$ = $1;
+       }
+       ;
+
+lyric_element_arg:
+       lyric_element
+       | lyric_element multiplied_duration post_events {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("lyric-event", @$, $1, $2);
+               if (scm_is_pair ($3))
+                       unsmob_music ($$)->set_property
+                               ("articulations", scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL));
+       }
+       | lyric_element post_event post_events {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("lyric-event", @$, $1,
+                                 parser->default_duration_.smobbed_copy ());
+               unsmob_music ($$)->set_property
+                       ("articulations", scm_cons ($2, scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL)));
+       }
+       | LYRIC_ELEMENT optional_notemode_duration post_events {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("lyric-event", @$, $1, $2);
+               if (scm_is_pair ($3))
+                       unsmob_music ($$)->set_property
+                               ("articulations", scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL));
+       }
+       ;
+
+
+lyric_element_music:
+       lyric_element optional_notemode_duration post_events {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("lyric-event", @$, $1, $2);
+               if (scm_is_pair ($3))
+                       unsmob_music ($$)->set_property
+                               ("articulations", scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL));
        }
        ;
 
 new_chord:
        steno_tonic_pitch optional_notemode_duration   {
-               $$ = make_chord ($1, $2, SCM_EOL);
+               $$ = make_chord_elements (@$, $1, $2, SCM_EOL);
        }
        | steno_tonic_pitch optional_notemode_duration chord_separator chord_items {
                SCM its = scm_reverse_x ($4, SCM_EOL);
-               $$ = make_chord ($1, $2, scm_cons ($3, its));
+               $$ = make_chord_elements (@$, $1, $2, scm_cons ($3, its));
        }
        ;
 
 chord_items:
        /**/ {
-               $$ = SCM_EOL;           
+               $$ = SCM_EOL;
        }
        | chord_items chord_item {
                $$ = scm_cons ($2, $$);
@@ -2422,12 +2965,21 @@ step_number:
                $$ = make_chord_step ($1, 0);
         }
        | bare_unsigned '+' {
-               $$ = make_chord_step ($1, SHARP);
+               $$ = make_chord_step ($1, SHARP_ALTERATION);
        }
        | bare_unsigned CHORD_MINUS {
-               $$ = make_chord_step ($1, FLAT);
+               $$ = make_chord_step ($1, FLAT_ALTERATION);
+       }
+       ;
+
+tempo_range:
+       bare_unsigned {
+               $$ = scm_from_int ($1);
+       }
+       | bare_unsigned '~' bare_unsigned {
+               $$ = scm_cons (scm_from_int ($1), scm_from_int ($3));
        }
-       ;       
+       ;
 
 /*
        UTILITIES
@@ -2466,33 +3018,32 @@ number_factor:
 
 
 bare_number:
-       UNSIGNED        {
-               $$ = scm_int2num ($1);
-       }
-       | REAL          {
-               $$ = $1;
-       }
-       | NUMBER_IDENTIFIER             {
-               $$ = $1;
+       bare_number_closed
+       | UNSIGNED NUMBER_IDENTIFIER    {
+               $$ = scm_product ($1, $2);
        }
        | REAL NUMBER_IDENTIFIER        {
-               $$ = scm_make_real (scm_to_double ($1) *scm_to_double ($2));
-       }
-       | UNSIGNED NUMBER_IDENTIFIER    {
-               $$ = scm_make_real ($1 *scm_to_double ($2));
+               $$ = scm_product ($1, $2);
        }
        ;
 
+bare_number_closed:
+       UNSIGNED
+       | REAL
+       | NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
+       ;
 
 bare_unsigned:
        UNSIGNED {
-                       $$ = $1;
-       }
-       | DIGIT {
-               $$ = $1;
+               $$ = scm_to_int ($1);
        }
        ;
 
+unsigned_number:
+       UNSIGNED
+       | NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
+       ;
+
 exclamations:
                { $$ = 0; }
        | exclamations '!'      { $$ ++; }
@@ -2512,10 +3063,22 @@ lyric_markup:
                $$ = $1;
        }
        | LYRIC_MARKUP
-               { THIS->lexer_->push_markup_state (); }
+               { parser->lexer_->push_markup_state (); }
        markup_top {
                $$ = $3;
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
+       }
+       ;
+
+full_markup_list:
+       MARKUPLIST_IDENTIFIER {
+               $$ = $1;
+       }
+       | MARKUPLIST
+               { parser->lexer_->push_markup_state (); }
+       markup_list {
+               $$ = $3;
+               parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
        }
        ;
 
@@ -2524,16 +3087,16 @@ full_markup:
                $$ = $1;
        }
        | MARKUP
-               { THIS->lexer_->push_markup_state (); }
+               { parser->lexer_->push_markup_state (); }
        markup_top {
                $$ = $3;
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
        }
        ;
 
 markup_top:
-       markup_list { 
-               $$ = scm_list_2 (ly_lily_module_constant ("line-markup"),  $1); 
+       markup_list {
+               $$ = scm_list_2 (ly_lily_module_constant ("line-markup"),  $1);
        }
        | markup_head_1_list simple_markup      {
                $$ = scm_car (scm_call_2 (ly_lily_module_constant ("map-markup-command-list"), $1, scm_list_1 ($2)));
@@ -2543,19 +3106,44 @@ markup_top:
        }
        ;
 
+markup_scm:
+       embedded_scm_bare
+       {
+               if (Text_interface::is_markup ($1))
+                       MYBACKUP (MARKUP_IDENTIFIER, $1, @1);
+               else if (Text_interface::is_markup_list ($1))
+                       MYBACKUP (MARKUPLIST_IDENTIFIER, $1, @1);
+               else {
+                       parser->parser_error (@1, _ ("not a markup"));
+                       MYBACKUP (MARKUP_IDENTIFIER, scm_string (SCM_EOL), @1);
+               }
+       } BACKUP
+       ;
+                       
+
 markup_list:
-       markup_composed_list {
+       MARKUPLIST_IDENTIFIER {
+               $$ = $1;
+       }
+       | markup_composed_list {
                $$ = $1;
        }
        | markup_braced_list {
                $$ = $1;
        }
+       | markup_command_list {
+               $$ = scm_list_1 ($1);
+       }
+       | markup_scm MARKUPLIST_IDENTIFIER
+       {
+               $$ = $2;
+       }
        ;
 
 markup_composed_list:
        markup_head_1_list markup_braced_list {
                $$ = scm_call_2 (ly_lily_module_constant ("map-markup-command-list"), $1, $2);
-               
+
        }
        ;
 
@@ -2571,19 +3159,38 @@ markup_braced_list_body:
                $$ = scm_cons ($2, $1);
        }
        | markup_braced_list_body markup_list {
-               $$ = scm_append_x (scm_list_2 (scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL), $1));
+               $$ = scm_reverse_x ($2, $1);
        }
        ;
 
-markup_head_1_item:
-       MARKUP_HEAD_MARKUP0     {
-               $$ = scm_list_1 ($1);
+markup_command_list:
+       MARKUP_LIST_FUNCTION markup_command_list_arguments {
+         $$ = scm_cons ($1, scm_reverse_x($2, SCM_EOL));
        }
-       | MARKUP_HEAD_SCM0_MARKUP1 embedded_scm {
-               $$ = scm_list_2 ($1, $2);
+       ;
+
+markup_command_basic_arguments:
+       EXPECT_MARKUP_LIST markup_command_list_arguments markup_list {
+         $$ = scm_cons ($3, $2);
+       }
+       | EXPECT_SCM markup_command_list_arguments embedded_scm_closed {
+         $$ = check_scheme_arg (parser, @3, $3, $2, $1);
+       }
+       | EXPECT_NO_MORE_ARGS {
+         $$ = SCM_EOL;
        }
-       | MARKUP_HEAD_SCM0_SCM1_MARKUP2 embedded_scm embedded_scm       {
-               $$ = scm_list_3 ($1, $2, $3);
+       ;
+
+markup_command_list_arguments:
+       markup_command_basic_arguments { $$ = $1; }
+       | EXPECT_MARKUP markup_command_list_arguments markup {
+         $$ = scm_cons ($3, $2);
+       }
+       ;
+
+markup_head_1_item:
+       MARKUP_FUNCTION EXPECT_MARKUP markup_command_list_arguments {
+         $$ = scm_cons ($1, scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL));
        }
        ;
 
@@ -2610,34 +3217,23 @@ simple_markup:
                $$ = $1;
        }
        | SCORE {
-               SCM nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
-               THIS->lexer_->push_note_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
+               SCM nn = parser->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
+               parser->lexer_->push_note_state (nn);
        } '{' score_body '}' {
                Score * sc = $4;
                $$ = scm_list_2 (ly_lily_module_constant ("score-markup"), sc->self_scm ());
-               scm_gc_unprotect_object (sc->self_scm ());
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
-       }
-       | MARKUP_HEAD_SCM0 embedded_scm {
-               $$ = scm_list_2 ($1, $2);
+               sc->unprotect ();
+               parser->lexer_->pop_state ();
        }
-       | MARKUP_HEAD_SCM0_SCM1_SCM2 embedded_scm embedded_scm embedded_scm {
-               $$ = scm_list_4 ($1, $2, $3, $4);
+       | MARKUP_FUNCTION markup_command_basic_arguments {
+               $$ = scm_cons ($1, scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
        }
-       | MARKUP_HEAD_SCM0_SCM1 embedded_scm embedded_scm {
-               $$ = scm_list_3 ($1, $2, $3);
-       }
-       | MARKUP_HEAD_EMPTY {
-               $$ = scm_list_1 ($1);
-       }
-       | MARKUP_HEAD_LIST0 markup_list {
-               $$ = scm_list_2 ($1,$2);
-       }
-       | MARKUP_HEAD_MARKUP0_MARKUP1 markup markup {
-               $$ = scm_list_3 ($1, $2, $3);
+       | markup_scm MARKUP_IDENTIFIER
+       {
+               $$ = $2;
        }
        ;
-       
+
 markup:
        markup_head_1_list simple_markup        {
                SCM mapper = ly_lily_module_constant ("map-markup-command-list");
@@ -2651,42 +3247,18 @@ markup:
 %%
 
 void
-Lily_parser::set_yydebug (bool )
+Lily_parser::set_yydebug (bool x)
 {
-#if 0
-       yydebug = 1;
-#endif
+       yydebug = x;
 }
 
 void
 Lily_parser::do_yyparse ()
 {
-       yyparse ((void*)this);
+       yyparse (this);
 }
 
 
-/* FIXME: Should make this optional?  It will also complain at
-
-       [s4]
-
-which is entirely legitimate.
-
-Or we can scrap it.  Barchecks should detect wrong durations, and
-skipTypesetting speeds it up a lot.  */
-
-void
-Lily_parser::beam_check (SCM dur)
-{
-  Duration *d = unsmob_duration (dur);
-  if (unsmob_music (last_beam_start_) && d->duration_log () <= 2)
-    {
-      Music *m = unsmob_music (last_beam_start_);
-      m->origin ()->warning (_f ("suspect duration in beam: %s",
-      d->to_string ()));
-    }
-  last_beam_start_ = SCM_EOL;
-}
-
 
 
 
@@ -2702,23 +3274,44 @@ Lily_lexer::try_special_identifiers (SCM *destination, SCM sid)
        if (scm_is_string (sid)) {
                *destination = sid;
                return STRING_IDENTIFIER;
+       } else if (unsmob_book (sid)) {
+               Book *book =  unsmob_book (sid)->clone ();
+               *destination = book->self_scm ();
+               book->unprotect ();
+
+               return BOOK_IDENTIFIER;
        } else if (scm_is_number (sid)) {
                *destination = sid;
                return NUMBER_IDENTIFIER;
-       } else if (unsmob_context_def (sid)) {
-               *destination = unsmob_context_def (sid)->clone_scm ();
-               return CONTEXT_DEF_IDENTIFIER;
+        } else if (unsmob_context_def (sid)) {
+                Context_def *def= unsmob_context_def (sid)->clone ();
+
+                *destination = def->self_scm ();
+                def->unprotect ();
+
+                return CONTEXT_DEF_IDENTIFIER;
+        } else if (unsmob_context_mod (sid)) {
+                *destination = unsmob_context_mod (sid)->smobbed_copy ();
+
+                return CONTEXT_MOD_IDENTIFIER;
        } else if (unsmob_score (sid)) {
                Score *score = new Score (*unsmob_score (sid));
                *destination = score->self_scm ();
+
+               score->unprotect ();
                return SCORE_IDENTIFIER;
        } else if (Music *mus = unsmob_music (sid)) {
                mus = mus->clone ();
                *destination = mus->self_scm ();
                unsmob_music (*destination)->
                        set_property ("origin", make_input (last_input_));
-               return dynamic_cast<Event*> (mus)
-                       ? EVENT_IDENTIFIER : MUSIC_IDENTIFIER;
+
+               bool is_event = mus->is_mus_type ("post-event");
+               mus->unprotect ();
+               return is_event ? EVENT_IDENTIFIER : MUSIC_IDENTIFIER;
+       } else if (unsmob_pitch (sid)) {
+               *destination = unsmob_pitch (sid)->smobbed_copy ();
+               return PITCH_IDENTIFIER;
        } else if (unsmob_duration (sid)) {
                *destination = unsmob_duration (sid)->smobbed_copy ();
                return DURATION_IDENTIFIER;
@@ -2727,103 +3320,139 @@ Lily_lexer::try_special_identifiers (SCM *destination, SCM sid)
                p = p->clone ();
 
                *destination = p->self_scm ();
+               p->unprotect ();
                return OUTPUT_DEF_IDENTIFIER;
-       } else if (Text_interface::markup_p (sid)) {
+       } else if (Text_interface::is_markup (sid)) {
                *destination = sid;
                if (is_lyric_state ())
                        return LYRIC_MARKUP_IDENTIFIER;
                return MARKUP_IDENTIFIER;
+       } else if (Text_interface::is_markup_list (sid)) {
+               *destination = sid;
+               return MARKUPLIST_IDENTIFIER;
        }
 
-       return -1;      
+       return -1;
 }
 
-Music *
-property_op_to_music (SCM op)
+SCM
+get_next_unique_context_id ()
 {
-       Music *m = 0;
-       SCM tag = scm_car (op);
-       SCM symbol = scm_cadr (op);
-       SCM args = scm_cddr (op);
-       SCM grob_val = SCM_UNDEFINED;
-       SCM grob_sym = SCM_UNDEFINED;
-       SCM val = SCM_UNDEFINED;
-       
-       if (tag == ly_symbol2scm ("assign"))
-               {
-               m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("PropertySet");
-               val = scm_car (args);
-               }
-       else if (tag == ly_symbol2scm ("unset"))
-               m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("PropertyUnset");
-       else if (tag == ly_symbol2scm ("poppush")
-                || tag == ly_symbol2scm ("push"))
-               {
-               m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("OverrideProperty");
-               grob_sym = scm_car (args);
-               grob_val = scm_cadr (args);
-               }
-       else if (tag == ly_symbol2scm ("pop")) {
-               m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("RevertProperty");
-               grob_sym = scm_car (args);
-               }
+       return scm_from_locale_string ("$uniqueContextId");
+}
 
-       m->set_property ("symbol", symbol);
 
-       if (val != SCM_UNDEFINED)
-               m->set_property ("value", val);
-       if (grob_val != SCM_UNDEFINED)
-               m->set_property ("grob-value", grob_val);
+SCM
+get_next_unique_lyrics_context_id ()
+{
+       static int new_context_count;
+       char s[128];
+       snprintf (s, sizeof (s)-1, "uniqueContext%d", new_context_count++);
+       return scm_from_locale_string (s);
+}
 
-       if (grob_sym != SCM_UNDEFINED)
-               {
-               bool itc = do_internal_type_checking_global;
-               /* UGH.
-               */
-               bool autobeam = ly_c_equal_p (symbol, ly_symbol2scm ("autoBeamSettings"));
-               if (autobeam)
-                       do_internal_type_checking_global = false;
-               m->set_property ("grob-property", grob_sym);
-               if (autobeam)
-                       do_internal_type_checking_global = itc;
-               }
+SCM check_scheme_arg (Lily_parser *parser, Input loc,
+                     SCM arg, SCM args, SCM pred)
+{
+       args = scm_cons (arg, args);
+       if (scm_is_true (scm_call_1 (pred, arg)))
+               return args;
+       scm_set_cdr_x (scm_last_pair (args), SCM_EOL);
+       MAKE_SYNTAX ("argument-error", loc, scm_length (args), pred, arg);
+       scm_set_cdr_x (scm_last_pair (args), SCM_BOOL_F);
+       return args;
+}
 
-       if (tag == ly_symbol2scm ("poppush"))
-               m->set_property ("pop-first", SCM_BOOL_T);
+SCM loc_on_music (Input loc, SCM arg)
+{
+       if (Music *m = unsmob_music (arg))
+       {
+               m = m->clone ();
+               m->set_spot (loc);
+               return m->unprotect ();
+       }
+       return arg;
+}
 
+bool
+is_regular_identifier (SCM id)
+{
+  string str = ly_scm2string (id);
+  char const *s = str.c_str ();
 
-       return m;
+  bool v = true;
+#if 0
+  isalpha (*s);
+  s++;
+#endif
+  while (*s && v)
+   {
+        v = v && isalnum (*s);
+        s++;
+   }
+  return v;
 }
 
-Music*
-context_spec_music (SCM type, SCM id, Music *m, SCM ops)
+Music *
+make_music_with_input (SCM name, Input where)
 {
-       Music *csm = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("ContextSpeccedMusic");
+       Music *m = make_music_by_name (name);
+       m->set_spot (where);
+       return m;
+}
 
-       csm->set_property ("element", m->self_scm ());
-       scm_gc_unprotect_object (m->self_scm ());
+SCM
+make_simple_markup (SCM a)
+{
+       return a;
+}
 
-       csm->set_property ("context-type",
-               scm_is_symbol (type) ? type : scm_string_to_symbol (type));
-       csm->set_property ("property-operations", ops);
+bool
+is_duration (int t)
+{
+  return t && t == 1 << intlog2 (t);
+}
 
-       if (scm_is_string (id))
-               csm->set_property ("context-id", id);
-       return csm;
+void
+set_music_properties (Music *p, SCM a)
+{
+  for (SCM k = a; scm_is_pair (k); k = scm_cdr (k))
+       p->set_property (scm_caar (k), scm_cdar (k));
 }
 
+
 SCM
-get_next_unique_context_id ()
+make_chord_step (int step, Rational alter)
 {
-       return scm_makfrom0str ("$uniqueContextId");
+       if (step == 7)
+               alter += FLAT_ALTERATION;
+
+       while (step < 0)
+               step += 7;
+       Pitch m ((step -1) / 7, (step - 1) % 7, alter);
+       return m.smobbed_copy ();
 }
 
 
 SCM
-get_next_unique_lyrics_context_id ()
+make_chord_elements (Input loc, SCM pitch, SCM dur, SCM modification_list)
 {
-       static int new_context_count;
-       char s[128];
-       snprintf (s, 1024, "uniqueContext%d", new_context_count++);
-       return scm_makfrom0str (s);
+       SCM chord_ctor = ly_lily_module_constant ("construct-chord-elements");
+       SCM res = scm_call_3 (chord_ctor, pitch, dur, modification_list);
+       for (SCM s = res; scm_is_pair (s); s = scm_cdr (s))
+       {
+               unsmob_music (scm_car (s))->set_spot (loc);
+       }
+       return res;
+}
+
+int
+yylex (YYSTYPE *s, YYLTYPE *loc, Lily_parser *parser)
+{
+       Lily_lexer *lex = parser->lexer_;
+
+       lex->lexval_ = s;
+       lex->lexloc_ = loc;
+       lex->prepare_for_next_token ();
+       return lex->yylex ();
 }