]> git.donarmstrong.com Git - lilypond.git/blobdiff - lily/parser.yy
Merge with master
[lilypond.git] / lily / parser.yy
index a34c8a07784908ae3b6466a0057ad834d7d89c60..02f03dea92fd941e8a4646e24f94be083b360b72 100644 (file)
@@ -3,19 +3,19 @@
 
   source file of the GNU LilyPond music typesetter
 
-  (c) 1997--2005 Han-Wen Nienhuys <hanwen@xs4all.nl>
+  (c) 1997--2007 Han-Wen Nienhuys <hanwen@xs4all.nl>
                  Jan Nieuwenhuizen <janneke@gnu.org>
 */
 
 %{
 
+#define YYDEBUG 1
 #define YYERROR_VERBOSE 1
 #define YYPARSE_PARAM my_lily_parser
 #define YYLEX_PARAM my_lily_parser
-#define THIS\
-       ((Lily_parser *) my_lily_parser)
+#define PARSER ((Lily_parser *) my_lily_parser)
 
-#define yyerror THIS->parser_error
+#define yyerror PARSER->parser_error
 
 /* We use custom location type: Input objects */
 #define YYLTYPE Input
@@ -74,24 +74,23 @@ using namespace std;
 #include "book.hh"
 #include "context-def.hh"
 #include "dimensions.hh"
-#include "music.hh"
 #include "file-path.hh"
-#include "input-smob.hh"
 #include "input.hh"
+#include "international.hh"
 #include "lily-guile.hh"
-#include "lilypond-input-version.hh"
-#include "main.hh"
-#include "misc.hh"
 #include "lily-lexer.hh"
 #include "lily-parser.hh"
-#include "paper-book.hh"
+#include "main.hh"
+#include "misc.hh"
+#include "music.hh"
+#include "music.hh"
 #include "output-def.hh"
-#include "scm-hash.hh"
+#include "paper-book.hh"
 #include "program-option.hh"
+#include "scm-hash.hh"
 #include "score.hh"
 #include "text-interface.hh"
 #include "warn.hh"
-#include "music.hh"
 
 %}
 
@@ -100,7 +99,7 @@ using namespace std;
        Book *book;
        Output_def *outputdef;
        SCM scm;
-       String *string;
+       std::string *string;
        Music *music;
        Score *score;
        int i;
@@ -108,10 +107,18 @@ using namespace std;
 
 %{
 
-#define MY_MAKE_MUSIC(x)  make_music_by_name (ly_symbol2scm (x))
+#define MY_MAKE_MUSIC(x, spot)  make_music_with_input (ly_symbol2scm (x), spot)
+
+/* ES TODO:
+- Don't use lily module, create a new module instead.
+- delay application of the function
+*/
+#define LOWLEVEL_MAKE_SYNTAX(proc, args)       \
+  scm_apply_0 (proc, args)
+/* Syntactic Sugar. */
+#define MAKE_SYNTAX(name, location, ...)       \
+  LOWLEVEL_MAKE_SYNTAX (ly_lily_module_constant (name), scm_list_n (PARSER->self_scm (), make_input (location), __VA_ARGS__, SCM_UNDEFINED));
 
-Music *property_op_to_music (SCM op);
-Music *context_spec_music (SCM type, SCM id, Music *m, SCM ops);
 SCM get_next_unique_context_id ();
 SCM get_next_unique_lyrics_context_id ();
 
@@ -124,14 +131,12 @@ SCM get_next_unique_lyrics_context_id ();
 #endif
 
 
-
-Music *make_lyric_combine_music (SCM name, Music *music);
-Music *make_music_relative (Pitch start, Music *music);
-Music *run_music_function (Lily_parser *, SCM expr);
-Music *set_property_music (SCM sym, SCM value);
+static Music *make_music_with_input (SCM name, Input where);
+SCM make_music_relative (Pitch start, SCM music, Input loc);
+SCM run_music_function (Lily_parser *, SCM expr);
 SCM get_first_context_id (SCM type, Music *m);
-SCM make_chord (SCM pitch, SCM dur, SCM modification_list);
-SCM make_chord_step (int step, int alter);
+SCM make_chord_elements (SCM pitch, SCM dur, SCM modification_list);
+SCM make_chord_step (int step, Rational alter);
 SCM make_simple_markup (SCM a);
 bool is_duration (int t);
 bool is_regular_identifier (SCM id);
@@ -151,10 +156,9 @@ void set_music_properties (Music *p, SCM a);
 /* Keyword tokens with plain escaped name.  */
 %token ACCEPTS "\\accepts"
 %token ADDLYRICS "\\addlyrics"
-%token ADDQUOTE "\\addquote"
 %token ALIAS "\\alias"
 %token ALTERNATIVE "\\alternative"
-%token BOOK "\book"
+%token BOOK "\\book"
 %token CHANGE "\\change"
 %token CHORDMODE "\\chordmode"
 %token CHORDS "\\chords"
@@ -200,7 +204,6 @@ void set_music_properties (Music *p, SCM a);
 %token TEMPO "\\tempo"
 %token TIMES "\\times"
 %token TRANSPOSE "\\transpose"
-%token TRANSPOSITION "\\transposition"
 %token TYPE "\\type"
 %token UNSET "\\unset"
 %token WITH "\\with"
@@ -217,8 +220,10 @@ void set_music_properties (Music *p, SCM a);
 %token CHORD_COLON ":"
 %token CHORD_MINUS "-"
 %token CHORD_SLASH "/"
-%token DOUBLE_ANGLE_CLOSE ">>"
+%token ANGLE_OPEN "<"
+%token ANGLE_CLOSE ">"
 %token DOUBLE_ANGLE_OPEN "<<"
+%token DOUBLE_ANGLE_CLOSE ">>"
 %token E_BACKSLASH "\\"
 %token E_ANGLE_CLOSE "\\>"
 %token E_CHAR "\\C[haracter]"
@@ -243,13 +248,19 @@ If we give names, Bison complains.
 %token CHORDMODIFIERS
 %token LYRIC_MARKUP
 %token MULTI_MEASURE_REST
-%token SCM_T
 
 
 %token <i> DIGIT
 %token <i> E_UNSIGNED
 %token <i> UNSIGNED
 
+/* Artificial tokens, for more generic function syntax */
+%token <i> EXPECT_MARKUP;
+%token <i> EXPECT_MUSIC;
+%token <i> EXPECT_SCM;
+/* After the last argument. */
+%token <i> EXPECT_NO_MORE_ARGS;
+
 %token <scm> BOOK_IDENTIFIER
 %token <scm> CHORDMODIFIER_PITCH
 %token <scm> CHORD_MODIFIER
@@ -271,19 +282,6 @@ If we give names, Bison complains.
 %token <scm> MARKUP_HEAD_SCM0_SCM1_SCM2
 %token <scm> MARKUP_IDENTIFIER
 %token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_MARKUP 
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_MARKUP_MARKUP 
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_MARKUP_MARKUP_MUSIC 
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_MARKUP_MUSIC 
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_MARKUP_MUSIC_MUSIC 
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_MUSIC 
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_MUSIC_MUSIC 
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM 
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_MUSIC 
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_MUSIC_MUSIC 
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM 
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM_MUSIC 
-%token <scm> MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM_SCM 
 %token <scm> MUSIC_IDENTIFIER
 %token <scm> NOTENAME_PITCH
 %token <scm> NUMBER_IDENTIFIER
@@ -291,7 +289,7 @@ If we give names, Bison complains.
 %token <scm> REAL
 %token <scm> RESTNAME
 %token <scm> SCM_IDENTIFIER
-%token <scm> SCM_T
+%token <scm> SCM_TOKEN
 %token <scm> SCORE_IDENTIFIER
 %token <scm> STRING
 %token <scm> STRING_IDENTIFIER
@@ -302,7 +300,7 @@ If we give names, Bison complains.
 %type <book> book_body
 
 %type <i> bare_unsigned
-%type <i> figured_bass_alteration
+%type <scm> figured_bass_alteration
 %type <i> dots
 %type <i> exclamations
 %type <i> optional_rest
@@ -312,46 +310,47 @@ If we give names, Bison complains.
 %type <i> sup_quotes
 %type <i> tremolo_type
 
-%type <music> Composite_music
-%type <music> Grouped_music_list
-%type <music> Music
-%type <music> Prefix_composite_music
-%type <music> Repeated_music
-%type <music> Sequential_music
-%type <music> Simple_music
-%type <music> Simultaneous_music
-%type <music> chord_body
-%type <music> chord_body_element
-%type <music> command_element
-%type <music> command_event
-%type <music> context_change
-%type <music> direction_less_event
-%type <music> direction_reqd_event
-%type <music> event_chord
-%type <music> gen_text_def
-%type <music> music_property_def
-%type <music> note_chord_element
-%type <music> post_event
-%type <music> re_rhythmed_music
-%type <music> relative_music
-%type <music> simple_element
-%type <music> string_number_event
-%type <music> tempo_event
-%type <music> toplevel_music
+/* Music */
+%type <scm> composite_music
+%type <scm> grouped_music_list
+%type <scm> music
+%type <scm> prefix_composite_music
+%type <scm> repeated_music
+%type <scm> sequential_music
+%type <scm> simple_music
+%type <scm> simultaneous_music
+%type <scm> chord_body
+%type <scm> chord_body_element
+%type <scm> command_element
+%type <scm> command_event
+%type <scm> context_change
+%type <scm> direction_less_event
+%type <scm> direction_reqd_event
+%type <scm> event_chord
+%type <scm> gen_text_def
+%type <scm> music_property_def
+%type <scm> note_chord_element
+%type <scm> post_event
+%type <scm> re_rhythmed_music
+%type <scm> relative_music
+%type <scm> simple_element
+%type <scm> simple_music_property_def
+%type <scm> string_number_event
+%type <scm> tempo_event
 
 %type <outputdef> output_def_body
 %type <outputdef> output_def_head
+%type <outputdef> output_def_head_with_mode_switch
 %type <outputdef> output_def
 %type <outputdef> paper_block 
 
-%type <scm> Alternative_music
-%type <scm> Generic_prefix_music_scm 
-%type <scm> Music_list
+%type <scm> alternative_music
+%type <scm> generic_prefix_music_scm 
+%type <scm> music_list
 %type <scm> absolute_pitch
 %type <scm> assignment_id
 %type <scm> bare_number
-%type <scm> music_function_event
-%type <scm> music_function_chord_body
+%type <scm> unsigned_number
 %type <scm> bass_figure
 %type <scm> figured_bass_modification
 %type <scm> br_bass_figure
@@ -373,6 +372,11 @@ If we give names, Bison complains.
 %type <scm> figure_spec
 %type <scm> fraction
 %type <scm> full_markup
+%type <scm> function_scm_argument
+%type <scm> function_arglist
+%type <scm> function_arglist_music_last
+%type <scm> function_arglist_nonmusic_last
+%type <scm> function_arglist_nonmusic
 %type <scm> identifier_init
 %type <scm> lilypond_header
 %type <scm> lilypond_header_body
@@ -389,6 +393,9 @@ If we give names, Bison complains.
 %type <scm> mode_changing_head
 %type <scm> mode_changing_head_with_context
 %type <scm> multiplied_duration
+%type <scm> music_function_identifier_musicless_prefix
+%type <scm> music_function_event
+%type <scm> music_function_chord_body
 %type <scm> new_chord
 %type <scm> new_lyrics
 %type <scm> number_expression
@@ -397,6 +404,7 @@ If we give names, Bison complains.
 %type <scm> object_id_setting
 %type <scm> octave_check
 %type <scm> optional_context_mod
+%type <scm> optional_id
 %type <scm> optional_notemode_duration
 %type <scm> pitch
 %type <scm> pitch_also_in_chords
@@ -404,6 +412,7 @@ If we give names, Bison complains.
 %type <scm> property_operation
 %type <scm> scalar
 %type <scm> script_abbreviation
+%type <scm> simple_chord_elements
 %type <scm> simple_markup
 %type <scm> simple_string
 %type <scm> steno_duration
@@ -412,7 +421,6 @@ If we give names, Bison complains.
 %type <scm> step_number
 %type <scm> step_numbers 
 %type <scm> string
-%type <scm> function_scm_argument
 
 %type <score> score_block
 %type <score> score_body
@@ -433,10 +441,10 @@ lilypond: /* empty */
        | lilypond assignment {
        }
        | lilypond error {
-               THIS->error_level_ = 1;
+               PARSER->error_level_ = 1;
        }
        | lilypond INVALID      {
-               THIS->error_level_ = 1;
+               PARSER->error_level_ = 1;
        }
        ;
 
@@ -447,33 +455,29 @@ object_id_setting:
 
 toplevel_expression:
        lilypond_header {
-               THIS->lexer_->set_identifier (ly_symbol2scm ("$defaultheader"), $1);
-       }
-       | add_quote {
-       
+               PARSER->lexer_->set_identifier (ly_symbol2scm ("$defaultheader"), $1);
        }
        | book_block {
                Book *book = $1;
-               SCM proc = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-book-handler");
-               scm_call_2 (proc, THIS->self_scm (), book->self_scm ());
+               SCM proc = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-book-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, PARSER->self_scm (), book->self_scm ());
                book->unprotect ();
        }
        | score_block {
                Score *score = $1;
                
-               SCM proc = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-score-handler");
-               scm_call_2 (proc, THIS->self_scm (), score->self_scm ());
+               SCM proc = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-score-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, PARSER->self_scm (), score->self_scm ());
                score->unprotect ();
        }
-       | toplevel_music {
-               Music *music = $1;
-               SCM proc = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-music-handler");
-               scm_call_2 (proc, THIS->self_scm (), music->self_scm ());
-               music->unprotect (); 
+       | composite_music {
+               Music *music = unsmob_music ($1);
+               SCM proc = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-music-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, PARSER->self_scm (), music->self_scm ());
        }
        | full_markup {
-               SCM proc = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-text-handler");
-               scm_call_2 (proc, THIS->self_scm (), $1);
+               SCM proc = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("toplevel-text-handler");
+               scm_call_2 (proc, PARSER->self_scm (), $1);
        }
        | output_def {
                SCM id = SCM_EOL;
@@ -486,26 +490,21 @@ toplevel_expression:
                else if ($1->c_variable ("is-layout") == SCM_BOOL_T)
                        id = ly_symbol2scm ("$defaultlayout");
 
-               THIS->lexer_->set_identifier (id, od->self_scm ());
+               PARSER->lexer_->set_identifier (id, od->self_scm ());
                od->unprotect();
        }
        ;
 
-toplevel_music:
-       Composite_music {
-       }
-       ;
-
 embedded_scm:
-       SCM_T
+       SCM_TOKEN
        | SCM_IDENTIFIER
        ;
 
 
 lilypond_header_body:
        {
-               $$ = get_header(THIS);
-               THIS->lexer_->add_scope ($$);
+               $$ = get_header (PARSER);
+               PARSER->lexer_->add_scope ($$);
        }
        | lilypond_header_body assignment  {
                
@@ -514,7 +513,7 @@ lilypond_header_body:
 
 lilypond_header:
        HEADER '{' lilypond_header_body '}'     {
-               $$ = THIS->lexer_->remove_scope ();
+               $$ = PARSER->lexer_->remove_scope ();
        }
        ;
 
@@ -528,12 +527,7 @@ assignment_id:
 
 assignment:
        assignment_id '=' identifier_init  {
-               if (! is_regular_identifier ($1))
-               {
-                       @1.warning (_ ("identifier should have alphabetic characters only"));
-               }
-
-               THIS->lexer_->set_identifier ($1, $3);
+               PARSER->lexer_->set_identifier ($1, $3);
 
 /*
  TODO: devise standard for protection in parser.
@@ -563,13 +557,20 @@ identifier_init:
        | context_def_spec_block {
                $$ = $1;
        }
-       | Music  {
-               $$ = $1->self_scm ();
-               $1->unprotect();
+       | music  {
+               /* Hack: Create event-chord around standalone events.
+                  Prevents the identifier from being interpreted as a post-event. */
+               Music *mus = unsmob_music ($1);
+               bool is_event = mus &&
+                       (scm_memq (ly_symbol2scm ("event"), mus->get_property ("types"))
+                               != SCM_BOOL_F);
+               if (!is_event)
+                       $$ = $1;
+               else
+                       $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("event-chord", @$, scm_list_1 ($1));
        }
        | post_event {
-               $$ = $1->self_scm ();
-               $1->unprotect();
+               $$ = $1;
        }
        | number_expression {
                $$ = $1;
@@ -598,11 +599,11 @@ context_def_spec_block:
 context_def_spec_body:
        /**/ {
                $$ = Context_def::make_scm ();
-               unsmob_context_def ($$)->set_spot (@$);
+               unsmob_context_def ($$)->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
        }
        | CONTEXT_DEF_IDENTIFIER {
                $$ = $1;
-               unsmob_context_def ($$)->set_spot (@$);
+               unsmob_context_def ($$)->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
        }
        | context_def_spec_body GROBDESCRIPTIONS embedded_scm {
                Context_def*td = unsmob_context_def ($$);
@@ -634,14 +635,15 @@ book_block:
 book_body:
        {
                $$ = new Book;
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
-               $$->paper_ = dynamic_cast<Output_def*> (unsmob_output_def (THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("$defaultpaper"))->clone ());
+               $$->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
+               $$->paper_ = dynamic_cast<Output_def*> (unsmob_output_def (PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("$defaultpaper"))->clone ());
                $$->paper_->unprotect ();
-               $$->header_ = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("$defaultheader"); 
+               $$->header_ = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("$defaultheader"); 
        }
        | BOOK_IDENTIFIER {
                $$ = unsmob_book ($1);
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
+               $$->protect ();
+               $$->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
        }
        | book_body paper_block {
                $$->paper_ = $2;
@@ -674,20 +676,20 @@ score_block:
        ;
 
 score_body:
-       Music {
-               SCM m = $1->self_scm ();
-               $1->unprotect();
+       music {
+               SCM m = $1;
                SCM scorify = ly_lily_module_constant ("scorify-music");
-               SCM score = scm_call_2 (scorify, m, THIS->self_scm ());
+               SCM score = scm_call_2 (scorify, m, PARSER->self_scm ());
 
                // pass ownernship to C++ again.
                $$ = unsmob_score (score);
                $$->protect ();
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
+               $$->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
        }
        | SCORE_IDENTIFIER {
                $$ = unsmob_score ($1);
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
+               $$->protect ();
+               $$->origin ()->set_spot (@$);
        }
        | score_body object_id_setting {
                $$->user_key_ = ly_scm2string ($2);
@@ -698,12 +700,12 @@ score_body:
        | score_body output_def {
                if ($2->lookup_variable (ly_symbol2scm ("is-paper")) == SCM_BOOL_T)
                {
-                       THIS->parser_error (@2, _("\\paper cannot be used in \\score, use \\layout instead"));
+                       PARSER->parser_error (@2, _("\\paper cannot be used in \\score, use \\layout instead"));
                
                }
                else
                {
-                       $$->defs_.push ($2);
+                       $$->add_output_def ($2);
                }
                $2->unprotect ();
        }
@@ -722,8 +724,9 @@ paper_block:
                $$ = $1;
                if ($$->lookup_variable (ly_symbol2scm ("is-paper")) != SCM_BOOL_T)
                {
-                       THIS->parser_error (@1, _ ("need \\paper for paper block"));
-                       $$ = get_paper (THIS);
+                       PARSER->parser_error (@1, _ ("need \\paper for paper block"));
+                       $1->unprotect ();
+                       $$ = get_paper (PARSER);
                }
        }
        ;
@@ -733,45 +736,51 @@ output_def:
        output_def_body '}' {
                $$ = $1;
 
-               THIS->lexer_->remove_scope ();
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->remove_scope ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->pop_state ();
        }
        ;
 
 output_def_head:
        PAPER {
-               $$ = get_paper (THIS);
+               $$ = get_paper (PARSER);
                $$->input_origin_ = @$;
-               THIS->lexer_->add_scope ($$->scope_);
+               PARSER->lexer_->add_scope ($$->scope_);
        }
        | MIDI    {
-               Output_def *p = get_midi (THIS);
+               Output_def *p = get_midi (PARSER);
                $$ = p;
-               THIS->lexer_->add_scope (p->scope_);
+               PARSER->lexer_->add_scope (p->scope_);
        }
        | LAYOUT        {
-               Output_def *p = get_layout (THIS);
+               Output_def *p = get_layout (PARSER);
 
-               THIS->lexer_->add_scope (p->scope_);
+               PARSER->lexer_->add_scope (p->scope_);
                $$ = p;
        }
        ;
 
+output_def_head_with_mode_switch:
+       output_def_head {
+               PARSER->lexer_->push_initial_state ();
+               $$ = $1;
+       }
+       ;
 
 output_def_body:
-       output_def_head '{' {
+       output_def_head_with_mode_switch '{' {
                $$ = $1;
                $$->input_origin_.set_spot (@$);
-               THIS->lexer_->push_initial_state ();
        }
-       | output_def_head '{' OUTPUT_DEF_IDENTIFIER     {
+       | output_def_head_with_mode_switch '{' OUTPUT_DEF_IDENTIFIER    {
                $1->unprotect ();
+
                Output_def *o = unsmob_output_def ($3);
                o->input_origin_.set_spot (@$);
                $$ = o;
-               THIS->lexer_->remove_scope ();
-               THIS->lexer_->add_scope (o->scope_);
-               THIS->lexer_->push_initial_state ();
+               $$->protect ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->remove_scope ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->add_scope (o->scope_);
        }
        | output_def_body assignment  {
 
@@ -779,16 +788,6 @@ output_def_body:
        | output_def_body context_def_spec_block        {
                assign_context_def ($$, $2);
        }
-       | output_def_body tempo_event  {
-               /*
-                       junk this ? there already is tempo stuff in
-                       music.
-               */
-               int m = scm_to_int ($2->get_property ("metronome-count"));
-               Duration *d = unsmob_duration ($2->get_property ("tempo-unit"));
-               set_tempo ($$, d->get_length (), m);
-               $2->unprotect ();
-       }
        | output_def_body error {
 
        }
@@ -796,10 +795,8 @@ output_def_body:
 
 tempo_event:
        TEMPO steno_duration '=' bare_unsigned  {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("MetronomeChangeEvent");
-               $$->set_property ("tempo-unit", $2);
-               $$->set_property ("metronome-count", scm_from_int ( $4));
-       }
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("tempo", @$, $2, scm_int2num ($4));
+       }                               
        ;
 
 /*
@@ -809,14 +806,13 @@ The representation of a  list is the
 
  to have efficient append.  */
 
-Music_list:
+music_list:
        /* empty */ {
                $$ = scm_cons (SCM_EOL, SCM_EOL);
        }
-       | Music_list Music {
+       | music_list music {
                SCM s = $$;
-               SCM c = scm_cons ($2->self_scm (), SCM_EOL);
-               $2->unprotect (); /* UGH */
+               SCM c = scm_cons ($2, SCM_EOL);
 
                if (scm_is_pair (scm_cdr (s)))
                        scm_set_cdr_x (scm_cdr (s), c); /* append */
@@ -824,11 +820,11 @@ Music_list:
                        scm_set_car_x (s, c); /* set first cons */
                scm_set_cdr_x (s, c);  /* remember last cell */
        }
-       | Music_list embedded_scm {
+       | music_list embedded_scm {
 
        }
-       | Music_list error {
-               Music * m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC("Music");
+       | music_list error {
+               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC("Music", @$);
                // ugh. code dup 
                m->set_property ("error-found", SCM_BOOL_T);
                SCM s = $$;
@@ -843,123 +839,59 @@ Music_list:
        }
        ;
 
-Music:
-       Simple_music
-       | Composite_music
+music:
+       simple_music
+       | composite_music
        ;
 
-Alternative_music:
+alternative_music:
        /* empty */ {
                $$ = SCM_EOL;
        }
-       | ALTERNATIVE '{' Music_list '}' {
-               $$ = $3;
+       | ALTERNATIVE '{' music_list '}' {
+               $$ = scm_car ($3);
        }
        ;
 
 
-Repeated_music:
-       REPEAT simple_string bare_unsigned Music Alternative_music
+repeated_music:
+       REPEAT simple_string unsigned_number music alternative_music
        {
-               Music *beg = $4;
-               int times = $3;
-               SCM alts = scm_is_pair ($5) ? scm_car ($5) : SCM_EOL;
-               if (times < scm_ilength (alts)) {
-                 unsmob_music (scm_car (alts))
-                   ->origin ()->warning (
-                   _ ("more alternatives than repeats"));
-                   warning ("junking excess alternatives");
-                 alts = ly_truncate_list (times, alts);
-               }
-
-
-               SCM proc = ly_lily_module_constant ("make-repeated-music");
-
-               SCM mus = scm_call_1 (proc, $2);
-               Music *r = unsmob_music (mus);
-               r->protect ();
-               if (beg)
-                       {
-                       r-> set_property ("element", beg->self_scm ());
-                       beg->unprotect ();
-                       }
-               r->set_property ("repeat-count", scm_from_int (max (times, 1)));
-
-               r-> set_property ("elements",alts);
-               if (ly_is_equal ($2, scm_makfrom0str ("tremolo"))) {
-                       /*
-                       TODO: move this code to Scheme.
-                       */
-
-                       /* we cannot get durations and other stuff
-                          correct down the line,
-                          so we have to add to the duration log here. */
-                       SCM func = ly_lily_module_constant ("shift-duration-log");
-
-                       int dots = ($3 % 3) ? 0 : 1;
-                       int shift = -intlog2 ((dots) ? ($3*2/3) : $3);
-
-                       
-                       if ($4->is_mus_type ("sequential-music"))
-                       {
-                               int list_len = scm_ilength ($4->get_property ("elements"));
-                               if (list_len != 2)
-                                       $4->origin ()->warning (_f ("expect 2 elements for Chord tremolo, found %d", list_len));
-                               shift -= 1;
-                               r->compress (Moment (Rational (1, list_len)));
-                       }
-                       scm_call_3 (func, r->self_scm (), scm_from_int (shift), scm_from_int (dots));
-
-               }
-               r->set_spot (*$4->origin ());
-
-               $$ = r;
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("repeat", @$, $2, $3, $4, $5);
        }
        ;
 
-Sequential_music:
-       SEQUENTIAL '{' Music_list '}'           {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("SequentialMusic");
-               $$->set_property ("elements", scm_car ($3));
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
+sequential_music:
+       SEQUENTIAL '{' music_list '}'           {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("sequential-music", @$, scm_car ($3));
        }
-       | '{' Music_list '}'            {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("SequentialMusic");
-               $$->set_property ("elements", scm_car ($2));
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
+       | '{' music_list '}'            {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("sequential-music", @$, scm_car ($2));
        }
        ;
 
-Simultaneous_music:
-       SIMULTANEOUS '{' Music_list '}'{
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("SimultaneousMusic");
-               $$->set_property ("elements", scm_car ($3));
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
-
+simultaneous_music:
+       SIMULTANEOUS '{' music_list '}'{
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("simultaneous-music", @$, scm_car ($3));
        }
-       | simul_open Music_list simul_close     {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("SimultaneousMusic");
-               $$->set_property ("elements", scm_car ($2));
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
+       | DOUBLE_ANGLE_OPEN music_list DOUBLE_ANGLE_CLOSE       {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("simultaneous-music", @$, scm_car ($2));
        }
        ;
 
-Simple_music:
-       event_chord             { $$ = $1; }
-       | MUSIC_IDENTIFIER {
-               $$ = unsmob_music ($1);
-       }
+simple_music:
+       event_chord
+       | MUSIC_IDENTIFIER
        | music_property_def
        | context_change
        ;
 
-
 optional_context_mod:
        /**/ { $$ = SCM_EOL; }
-       | WITH { THIS->lexer_->push_initial_state (); }
+       | WITH { PARSER->lexer_->push_initial_state (); }
        '{' context_mod_list '}'
        {
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->pop_state ();
                $$ = $4;
        }
        ;
@@ -971,143 +903,114 @@ context_mod_list:
        }
        ;
 
-
-Composite_music:
-       Prefix_composite_music { $$ = $1; }
-       | Grouped_music_list { $$ = $1; }
+composite_music:
+       prefix_composite_music { $$ = $1; }
+       | grouped_music_list { $$ = $1; }
        ;
 
-Grouped_music_list:
-       Simultaneous_music              { $$ = $1; }
-       | Sequential_music              { $$ = $1; }
+grouped_music_list:
+       simultaneous_music              { $$ = $1; }
+       | sequential_music              { $$ = $1; }
        ;
 
-
 function_scm_argument:
        embedded_scm  
        | simple_string
        ;
 
-Generic_prefix_music_scm:
-       MUSIC_FUNCTION {
-               $$ = scm_list_2 ($1, make_input (@$));
-       }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM function_scm_argument {
-               $$ = scm_list_3 ($1, make_input (@$), $2);
-       }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_MARKUP full_markup {
-               $$ = scm_list_3 ($1, make_input (@$), $2);
-       }
+/* An argument list. If a function \foo expects scm scm music, then the lexer expands \foo into the token sequence:
+ MUSIC_FUNCTION EXPECT_MUSIC EXPECT_SCM EXPECT_SCM
+and this rule returns the reversed list of arguments. */
 
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_MUSIC function_scm_argument Music {
-               $$ = scm_list_4 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3->self_scm ());
-               $3->unprotect ();
-       }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM function_scm_argument function_scm_argument {
-               $$ = scm_list_4 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3);
+function_arglist_music_last:
+       EXPECT_MUSIC function_arglist music {
+               $$ = scm_cons ($3, $2);
        }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM_SCM function_scm_argument function_scm_argument function_scm_argument {
-               $$ = scm_list_5 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3, $4);
-       }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_MUSIC Music {
-               $$ = scm_list_3 ($1, make_input (@$), $2->self_scm ());
-               $2->unprotect ();
-       }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM_MUSIC function_scm_argument function_scm_argument Music {
-               $$ = scm_list_5 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3, $4->self_scm ());
-       }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_MARKUP_MUSIC full_markup Music {
-               $$ = scm_list_4 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3->self_scm ());
-               $3->unprotect ();
+       ;
+
+function_arglist_nonmusic_last:
+       EXPECT_MARKUP function_arglist full_markup {
+               $$ = scm_cons ($3, $2);
        }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_MARKUP_MARKUP full_markup full_markup {
-               $$ = scm_list_4 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3);
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist function_scm_argument {
+               $$ = scm_cons ($3, $2);
        }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_MUSIC_MUSIC Music Music {
-               $$ = scm_list_4 ($1, make_input (@$), $2->self_scm (), $3->self_scm ());
-               $2->unprotect ();
-               $3->unprotect ();
+       ;
+
+function_arglist_nonmusic: EXPECT_NO_MORE_ARGS {
+               $$ = SCM_EOL;
        }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_MUSIC_MUSIC function_scm_argument Music Music {
-               $$ = scm_list_5 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3->self_scm (), $4->self_scm ());
-               $4->unprotect ();
-               $3->unprotect ();
+       | EXPECT_MARKUP function_arglist_nonmusic full_markup {
+               $$ = scm_cons ($3, $2);
        }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_MARKUP_MUSIC_MUSIC full_markup Music Music {
-               $$ = scm_list_5 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3->self_scm (), $4->self_scm ());
-               $3->unprotect ();
-               $4->unprotect ();
+       | EXPECT_SCM function_arglist_nonmusic function_scm_argument {
+               $$ = scm_cons ($3, $2);
        }
        ;
 
-Prefix_composite_music:
-       Generic_prefix_music_scm {
-               $$ = run_music_function (THIS, $1);
+function_arglist: EXPECT_NO_MORE_ARGS {
+               /* This is for 0-ary functions, so they don't need to
+                  read a lookahead token */
+               $$ = SCM_EOL;
        }
-       | CONTEXT simple_string '=' simple_string optional_context_mod Music {
-               $$ = context_spec_music ($2, $4, $6, $5);
+       | function_arglist_music_last
+       | function_arglist_nonmusic_last
+       ;
 
+generic_prefix_music_scm:
+       MUSIC_FUNCTION function_arglist {
+               $$ = ly_append2 (scm_list_2 ($1, make_input (@$)), scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
        }
-       | CONTEXT simple_string optional_context_mod Music {
-               $$ = context_spec_music ($2, SCM_UNDEFINED, $4, $3);
-       }
-       | NEWCONTEXT simple_string optional_context_mod Music {
-               $$ = context_spec_music ($2, get_next_unique_context_id (), $4,
-                       $3);
-       }
+       ;
 
-       | TIMES fraction Music  
 
-       {
-               int n = scm_to_int (scm_car ($2)); int d = scm_to_int (scm_cdr ($2));
-               Music *mp = $3;
+optional_id:
+       /**/ { $$ = SCM_EOL; }
+       | '=' simple_string {
+               $$ = $2;
+       }
+       ;       
 
-               $$= MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TimeScaledMusic");
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
 
-               $$->set_property ("element", mp->self_scm ());
-               mp->unprotect();
-               $$->set_property ("numerator", scm_from_int (n));
-               $$->set_property ("denominator", scm_from_int (d));
-               $$->compress (Moment (Rational (n,d)));
+prefix_composite_music:
+       generic_prefix_music_scm {
+               $$ = run_music_function (PARSER, $1);
+       }
+       | CONTEXT simple_string optional_id optional_context_mod music {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("context-specification", @$, $2, $3, $5, $4, SCM_BOOL_F);
+       }
+       | NEWCONTEXT simple_string optional_id optional_context_mod music {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("context-specification", @$, $2, $3, $5, $4, SCM_BOOL_T);
+       }
 
+       | TIMES fraction music {
+                $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("time-scaled-music", @$, $2, $3);
        }
-       | Repeated_music                { $$ = $1; }
-       | TRANSPOSE pitch_also_in_chords pitch_also_in_chords Music {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TransposedMusic");
-               Music *p = $4;
+       | repeated_music                { $$ = $1; }
+       | TRANSPOSE pitch_also_in_chords pitch_also_in_chords music {
                Pitch from = *unsmob_pitch ($2);
                Pitch to = *unsmob_pitch ($3);
-
-               p->transpose (pitch_interval (from, to));
-               $$->set_property ("element", p->self_scm ());
-               p->unprotect();
+               SCM pitch = pitch_interval (from, to).smobbed_copy ();
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("transpose-music", @$, pitch, $4);
        }
-       | mode_changing_head Grouped_music_list {
+       | mode_changing_head grouped_music_list {
                if ($1 == ly_symbol2scm ("chords"))
                {
-                 Music *chm = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("UnrelativableMusic");
-                 chm->set_property ("element", $2->self_scm ());
-                 $$ = chm;
-                 $2->unprotect();
+                 $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("unrelativable-music", @$, $2);
                }
                else
                {
                  $$ = $2;
                }
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->pop_state ();
        }
-       | mode_changing_head_with_context optional_context_mod Grouped_music_list {
-               $$ = context_spec_music ($1, get_next_unique_context_id (),
-                                        $3, $2);
+       | mode_changing_head_with_context optional_context_mod grouped_music_list {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("context-specification", @$, $1, SCM_EOL, $3, $2, SCM_BOOL_T);
                if ($1 == ly_symbol2scm ("ChordNames"))
                {
-                 Music *chm = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("UnrelativableMusic");
-                 chm->set_property ("element", $$->self_scm ());
-                 $$->unprotect();
-                 $$ = chm;
+                 $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("unrelativable-music", @$, $$);
                }
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->pop_state ();
        }
        | relative_music        { $$ = $1; }
        | re_rhythmed_music     { $$ = $1; }
@@ -1115,145 +1018,107 @@ Prefix_composite_music:
 
 mode_changing_head: 
        NOTEMODE {
-               SCM nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
-               THIS->lexer_->push_note_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
+               SCM nn = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
+               PARSER->lexer_->push_note_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
 
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("notes");
        }
        | DRUMMODE 
                {
-               SCM nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("drumPitchNames");
-               THIS->lexer_->push_note_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
+               SCM nn = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("drumPitchNames");
+               PARSER->lexer_->push_note_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
 
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("drums");
        }
        | FIGUREMODE {
-               THIS->lexer_->push_figuredbass_state ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->push_figuredbass_state ();
 
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("figures");
        }
        | CHORDMODE {
-               SCM nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("chordmodifiers");
-               THIS->lexer_->chordmodifier_tab_ = alist_to_hashq (nn);
-               nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
-               THIS->lexer_->push_chord_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
+               SCM nn = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("chordmodifiers");
+               PARSER->lexer_->chordmodifier_tab_ = alist_to_hashq (nn);
+               nn = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
+               PARSER->lexer_->push_chord_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("chords");
 
        }
        | LYRICMODE
-               { THIS->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
+               { PARSER->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("lyrics");
        }
        ;
 
 mode_changing_head_with_context: 
        DRUMS {
-               SCM nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("drumPitchNames");
-               THIS->lexer_->push_note_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
+               SCM nn = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("drumPitchNames");
+               PARSER->lexer_->push_note_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
 
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("DrumStaff");
        }
        | FIGURES {
-               THIS->lexer_->push_figuredbass_state ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->push_figuredbass_state ();
 
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("FiguredBass");
        }
        | CHORDS {
-               SCM nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("chordmodifiers");
-               THIS->lexer_->chordmodifier_tab_ = alist_to_hashq (nn);
-               nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
-               THIS->lexer_->push_chord_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
+               SCM nn = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("chordmodifiers");
+               PARSER->lexer_->chordmodifier_tab_ = alist_to_hashq (nn);
+               nn = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
+               PARSER->lexer_->push_chord_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("ChordNames");
        }
        | LYRICS
-               { THIS->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
+               { PARSER->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
                $$ = ly_symbol2scm ("Lyrics");
        }
        ;
 
 
 relative_music:
-       RELATIVE absolute_pitch Music {
-               Music *m = $3;
+       RELATIVE absolute_pitch music {
                Pitch start = *unsmob_pitch ($2);
-               $$ = make_music_relative (start, m);
-               m->unprotect();
+               $$ = make_music_relative (start, $3, @$);
        }
-       | RELATIVE Composite_music {
-               Music *m = $2;
-
+       | RELATIVE composite_music {
                Pitch middle_c (0, 0, 0);
-               $$ = make_music_relative (middle_c, m);
-               m->unprotect();
+               $$ = make_music_relative (middle_c, $2, @$);
        }
        ;
 
 new_lyrics:
-       ADDLYRICS { THIS->lexer_->push_lyric_state (); }
+       ADDLYRICS { PARSER->lexer_->push_lyric_state (); }
        /*cont */
-       Grouped_music_list {
-       /* Can also use Music at the expensive of two S/Rs similar to
+       grouped_music_list {
+       /* Can also use music at the expensive of two S/Rs similar to
            \repeat \alternative */
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->pop_state ();
 
-               $$ = scm_cons ($3->self_scm (), SCM_EOL);
+               $$ = scm_cons ($3, SCM_EOL);
        }
        | new_lyrics ADDLYRICS {
-               THIS->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
-       } Grouped_music_list {
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
-               $$ = scm_cons ($4->self_scm (), $1);
+               PARSER->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
+       } grouped_music_list {
+               PARSER->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               $$ = scm_cons ($4, $1);
        }
        ;
 
 re_rhythmed_music:
-       Grouped_music_list new_lyrics {
-               Music * voice = $1;
-               SCM name = get_first_context_id (scm_makfrom0str ("Voice"), voice); 
-               if (!scm_is_string (name))
-               {
-                       name = get_next_unique_lyrics_context_id ();
-                       voice = context_spec_music (scm_makfrom0str ("Voice"),
-                                                   name,
-                                                   voice, SCM_EOL);
-               }
-
-               SCM context = scm_makfrom0str ("Lyrics");
-               Music *all = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("SimultaneousMusic");
-
-               SCM lst = SCM_EOL;
-               for (SCM s = $2; scm_is_pair (s); s = scm_cdr (s))
-               {
-                       Music *music = unsmob_music (scm_car (s));
-                       Music *com = make_lyric_combine_music (name, music);
-                       Music *csm = context_spec_music (context,
-                               get_next_unique_context_id (), com, SCM_EOL);
-                       lst = scm_cons (csm->self_scm (), lst);
-               }
-               all->set_property ("elements", scm_cons (voice->self_scm (),
-                       lst));
-               $$ = all;
-               voice->unprotect ();
+       grouped_music_list new_lyrics {
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("add-lyrics", @$, $1, scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
        }
        | LYRICSTO simple_string {
-               THIS->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
-       } Music {
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
-               Music *music = $4;
-               SCM name = $2;
-               $$ = make_lyric_combine_music (name, music);
-               music->unprotect();
+               PARSER->lexer_->push_lyric_state ();
+       } music {
+               PARSER->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("lyric-combine", @$, $2, $4);
        }
        ;
 
 context_change:
        CHANGE STRING '=' STRING  {
-               Music*t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("ContextChange");
-               t-> set_property ("change-to-type", scm_string_to_symbol ($2));
-               t-> set_property ("change-to-id", $4);
-
-               $$ = t;
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("context-change", @$, scm_string_to_symbol ($2), $4);
        }
        ;
 
@@ -1317,50 +1182,46 @@ context_prop_spec:
        }
        ;
 
-music_property_def:
+simple_music_property_def:
        OVERRIDE context_prop_spec embedded_scm '=' scalar {
-               $$ = property_op_to_music (scm_list_4 (
-                       ly_symbol2scm ("push"),
+               $$ = scm_list_5 (scm_car ($2),
+                       ly_symbol2scm ("OverrideProperty"),
                        scm_cadr ($2),
-                       $5, $3));
-               $$ = context_spec_music (scm_car ($2), SCM_UNDEFINED, $$, SCM_EOL);
+                       $5, $3);
        }
        | OVERRIDE context_prop_spec embedded_scm  embedded_scm '=' scalar {
-               $$ = property_op_to_music (scm_list_5 (
-                       ly_symbol2scm ("push"),
+               $$ = scm_list_n (scm_car ($2),                  
+                       ly_symbol2scm ("OverrideProperty"),
                        scm_cadr ($2),
-                       $6, $4, $3));
-               $$ = context_spec_music (scm_car ($2), SCM_UNDEFINED, $$, SCM_EOL);
+                       $6, $4, $3, SCM_UNDEFINED);
        }
        | REVERT context_prop_spec embedded_scm {
-               $$ = property_op_to_music (scm_list_3 (
-                       ly_symbol2scm ("pop"),
+               $$ = scm_list_4 (scm_car ($2),
+                       ly_symbol2scm ("RevertProperty"),
                        scm_cadr ($2),
-                       $3));
-
-               $$= context_spec_music (scm_car ($2), SCM_UNDEFINED, $$, SCM_EOL);
+                       $3);
        }
        | SET context_prop_spec '=' scalar {
-               $$ = property_op_to_music (scm_list_3 (
-                       ly_symbol2scm ("assign"),
+               $$ = scm_list_4 (scm_car ($2),
+                       ly_symbol2scm ("PropertySet"),
                        scm_cadr ($2),
-                       $4));
-               $$= context_spec_music (scm_car ($2), SCM_UNDEFINED, $$, SCM_EOL);
+                       $4);
        }
        | UNSET context_prop_spec {
-               $$ = property_op_to_music (scm_list_2 (
-                       ly_symbol2scm ("unset"),
-                       scm_cadr ($2)));
-               $$= context_spec_music (scm_car ($2), SCM_UNDEFINED, $$, SCM_EOL);
-       }
-       | ONCE music_property_def {
-               SCM e = $2->get_property ("element");
-                unsmob_music (e)->set_property ("once", SCM_BOOL_T);
-               $$ = $2;
-
+               $$ = scm_list_3 (scm_car ($2),
+                       ly_symbol2scm ("PropertyUnset"),
+                       scm_cadr ($2));
        }
        ;
 
+music_property_def:
+       simple_music_property_def {
+               $$ = LOWLEVEL_MAKE_SYNTAX (ly_lily_module_constant ("property-operation"), scm_cons (PARSER->self_scm (), scm_cons2 (make_input (@$), SCM_BOOL_F, $1)));
+       }
+       | ONCE simple_music_property_def {
+               $$ = LOWLEVEL_MAKE_SYNTAX (ly_lily_module_constant ("property-operation"), scm_cons (PARSER->self_scm (), scm_cons2 (make_input (@$), SCM_BOOL_T, $2)));
+       }
+       ;
 
 string:
        STRING {
@@ -1405,41 +1266,23 @@ scalar: string {
        }
        ;
 
-/*
-
-pre_events doesn't contain anything. It is a trick:
-
-Adding pre_events to the simple_element
-makes the choice between
-
-  string:  STRING
-
-and
-
-  simple_element: STRING
-
-a single shift/reduction conflict.
-
-nevertheless, this is not very clean, and we should find a different
-solution.
-
-*/
-pre_events: /* empty */
-       ;
-
 event_chord:
-       pre_events simple_element post_events   {
-               SCM elts = $2-> get_property ("elements");
-
-               elts = ly_append2 (elts, scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL));
+       /* TODO: Create a special case that avoids the creation of
+          EventChords around simple_elements that have no post_events?
+        */
+       simple_chord_elements post_events       {
+               SCM elts = ly_append2 ($1, scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
 
-               $2->set_property ("elements", elts);
+               Input i;
                /* why is this giving wrong start location? -ns
-                * $2->set_spot (@$); */
+                * i = @$; */
+               i.set_location (@1, @2);
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("event-chord", i, elts);
+       }
+       | MULTI_MEASURE_REST optional_notemode_duration post_events {
                Input i;
-               i.set_location (@2, @3);
-               $2->set_spot (i);
-               $$ = $2;
+               i.set_location (@1, @3);
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("multi-measure-rest", i, $2, $3);
        }
        | command_element
        | note_chord_element
@@ -1449,47 +1292,32 @@ event_chord:
 note_chord_element:
        chord_body optional_notemode_duration post_events
        {
+               Music *m = unsmob_music ($1);
                SCM dur = unsmob_duration ($2)->smobbed_copy ();
-               SCM es = $1->get_property ("elements");
+               SCM es = m->get_property ("elements");
                SCM postevs = scm_reverse_x ($3, SCM_EOL);
-
+               
                for (SCM s = es; scm_is_pair (s); s = scm_cdr (s))
                  unsmob_music (scm_car (s))->set_property ("duration", dur);
                es = ly_append2 (es, postevs);
 
-               $1-> set_property ("elements", es);
-               $1->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = $1;
+               m-> set_property ("elements", es);
+               m->set_spot (@$);
+               $$ = m->self_scm ();
        }
        ;
 
-chord_open: '<'
-       ;
-
-chord_close: '>'
-       ;
-
-simul_open: DOUBLE_ANGLE_OPEN
-       ;
-
-simul_close: DOUBLE_ANGLE_CLOSE
-       ;
-
 chord_body:
-       chord_open chord_body_elements chord_close
+       ANGLE_OPEN chord_body_elements ANGLE_CLOSE
        {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
-               $$->set_property ("elements",
-                       scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("event-chord", @$, scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
        }
        ;
 
 chord_body_elements:
        /* empty */             { $$ = SCM_EOL; }
        | chord_body_elements chord_body_element {
-               $$ = scm_cons ($2->self_scm (), $1);
-               $2->unprotect ();
+               $$ = scm_cons ($2, $1);
        }
        ;
 
@@ -1501,9 +1329,8 @@ chord_body_element:
                SCM check = $4;
                SCM post = $5;
 
-               Music *n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent");
+               Music *n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent", @$);
                n->set_property ("pitch", $1);
-               n->set_spot (@$);
                if (q % 2)
                        n->set_property ("cautionary", SCM_BOOL_T);
                if (ex % 2 || q % 2)
@@ -1519,176 +1346,137 @@ chord_body_element:
                        n->set_property ("absolute-octave", scm_from_int (q-1));
                }
 
-               
-               $$ = n;
+               $$ = n->unprotect ();
        }
        | DRUM_PITCH post_events {
-               Music *n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent");
+               Music *n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent", @$);
                n->set_property ("duration", $2);
                n->set_property ("drum-type", $1);
-               n->set_spot (@$);
 
                if (scm_is_pair ($2)) {
                        SCM arts = scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL);
                        n->set_property ("articulations", arts);
                }
-               $$ = n;
+               $$ = n->unprotect ();
        }
        | music_function_chord_body { 
-               $$ = run_music_function (THIS, $1);
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
+               $$ = run_music_function (PARSER, $1);
        }
        ;
 
-music_function_chord_body:
-       MUSIC_FUNCTION {
-               $$ = scm_list_2 ($1, make_input (@$));
-       }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_MUSIC chord_body_element {
-               $$ = scm_list_3 ($1, make_input (@$),
-                                       $2->self_scm ());
-       }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_MUSIC function_scm_argument chord_body_element {
-               $$ = scm_list_4 ($1, make_input (@$),
-                                       $2, $3->self_scm ());
+music_function_identifier_musicless_prefix: MUSIC_FUNCTION {
+               SCM sig = scm_object_property (yylval.scm, ly_symbol2scm ("music-function-signature"));
+               if (scm_is_pair (sig) && to_boolean (scm_memq (ly_music_p_proc, scm_cdr (scm_reverse (sig)))))
+               {
+                       PARSER->parser_error (@$, "Music function applied to event may not have a Music argument, except as the last argument.");
+               }
        }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM_MUSIC function_scm_argument function_scm_argument
-               chord_body_element {
+       ;
 
-               $$ = scm_list_5 ($1, make_input (@$),
-                                       $2, $3, $4->self_scm ());
+music_function_chord_body:
+       /* We could allow chord functions to have multiple music arguments,
+          but it's more consistent with music_function_event if we
+          prohibit it here too */
+       music_function_identifier_musicless_prefix EXPECT_MUSIC function_arglist_nonmusic chord_body_element {
+               $$ = ly_append2 (scm_list_2 ($1, make_input (@$)), scm_reverse_x ($3, scm_list_1 ($4)));
+       }
+       | music_function_identifier_musicless_prefix function_arglist_nonmusic {
+               $$ = ly_append2 (scm_list_2 ($1, make_input (@$)), scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
        }
        ;
 
-
-add_quote:
-       ADDQUOTE string Music {
-               SCM adder = ly_lily_module_constant ("add-quotable");
-               
-               scm_call_2 (adder, $2, $3->self_scm ());
-               $3->unprotect();
+music_function_event:
+       /* Post-events can only have the last argument as music, without this
+          restriction we get a shift/reduce conflict from e.g.
+          c8-\partcombine c8 -. */
+       music_function_identifier_musicless_prefix EXPECT_MUSIC function_arglist_nonmusic post_event {
+               $$ = ly_append2 (scm_list_2 ($1, make_input (@$)), scm_reverse_x ($3, scm_list_1 ($4)));
+       }
+       | music_function_identifier_musicless_prefix function_arglist_nonmusic {
+               $$ = ly_append2 (scm_list_2 ($1, make_input (@$)), scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL));
        }
        ;
 
 command_element:
        command_event {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
-               $$->set_property ("elements", scm_cons ($1->self_scm (), SCM_EOL));
-               $1->unprotect();
-
-               $$-> set_spot (@$);
-               $1-> set_spot (@$);
+               $$ = $1;
        }
        | SKIP duration_length {
-               Music *skip = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("SkipMusic");
-               skip->set_property ("duration", $2);
-               skip->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = skip;
-       }
-       | OCTAVE pitch {
-               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("RelativeOctaveCheck");
-               $$ = m;
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
-               $$->set_property ("pitch", $2);
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("skip-music", @$, $2);
        }
        | E_BRACKET_OPEN {
-               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("LigatureEvent");
+               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("LigatureEvent", @$);
                m->set_property ("span-direction", scm_from_int (START));
-               m->set_spot (@$);
-
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
-               $$->set_property ("elements", scm_cons (m->self_scm (), SCM_EOL));
-               m->unprotect();
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
+               $$ = m->unprotect();
        }
        | E_BRACKET_CLOSE {
-               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("LigatureEvent");
+               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("LigatureEvent", @$);
                m->set_property ("span-direction", scm_from_int (STOP));
-               m->set_spot (@$);
-
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
-               $$->set_property ("elements", scm_cons (m->self_scm (), SCM_EOL));
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
-               m->unprotect ();
+               $$ = m->unprotect ();
        }
        | E_BACKSLASH {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("VoiceSeparator");
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("voice-separator", @$, SCM_UNDEFINED);
        }
        | '|'      {
-               SCM pipe = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pipeSymbol");
+               SCM pipe = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pipeSymbol");
 
-               if (Music * m = unsmob_music (pipe))
-                       $$ = m->clone ();
+               Music *m = unsmob_music (pipe);
+               if (m)
+               {
+                       m = m->clone ();
+                       m->set_spot (@$);
+                       $$ = m->unprotect ();
+               }
                else
-                       $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("BarCheck");
+                       $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("bar-check", @$, SCM_UNDEFINED);
 
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
        }
-       | TRANSPOSITION pitch {
-               Pitch middle_c;
-               Pitch sounds_as_c = pitch_interval (*unsmob_pitch ($2), middle_c);
-               $$ = set_property_music (ly_symbol2scm ("instrumentTransposition"),
-                                        sounds_as_c.smobbed_copy());
-               $$->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = context_spec_music (ly_symbol2scm ("Staff"), SCM_UNDEFINED,
-                       $$, SCM_EOL);
-       }
-       | PARTIAL duration_length       {
+       | PARTIAL duration_length       {
                Moment m = - unsmob_duration ($2)->get_length ();
-               Music *p = set_property_music (ly_symbol2scm ( "measurePosition"),m.smobbed_copy ());
-               p->set_spot (@$);
-               p = context_spec_music (ly_symbol2scm ("Timing"), SCM_UNDEFINED,
-                                       p, SCM_EOL);
-               p = context_spec_music (ly_symbol2scm ("Score"), SCM_UNDEFINED,
-                                       p, SCM_EOL);
-               $$ = p;
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("property-operation", @$, SCM_BOOL_F, ly_symbol2scm ("Timing"), ly_symbol2scm ("PropertySet"), ly_symbol2scm ("measurePosition"), m.smobbed_copy ());
+               $$ = MAKE_SYNTAX ("context-specification", @$, ly_symbol2scm ("Score"), SCM_BOOL_F, $$, SCM_EOL, SCM_BOOL_F);
        }
 
        | TIME_T fraction  {
                SCM proc = ly_lily_module_constant ("make-time-signature-set");
 
-               SCM result = scm_apply_2   (proc, scm_car ($2), scm_cdr ($2), SCM_EOL);
-               $$ = unsmob_music (result);
-               $$->protect ();
+               $$ = scm_apply_2   (proc, scm_car ($2), scm_cdr ($2), SCM_EOL);
        }
        | MARK scalar {
                SCM proc = ly_lily_module_constant ("make-mark-set");
 
-               SCM result = scm_call_1 (proc, $2);
-               $$ = unsmob_music (result);
-               $$->protect ();
+               $$ = scm_call_1 (proc, $2);
        }
        ;
 
 command_event:
        E_TILDE {
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("PesOrFlexaEvent");
+               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("PesOrFlexaEvent", @$)->unprotect ();
        }
        | MARK DEFAULT  {
-               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("MarkEvent");
-               $$ = m;
+               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("MarkEvent", @$);
+               $$ = m->unprotect ();
        }
        | tempo_event {
                $$ = $1;
        }
        | KEY DEFAULT {
-               Music *key = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("KeyChangeEvent");
-               $$ = key;
+               Music *key = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("KeyChangeEvent", @$);
+               $$ = key->unprotect ();
        }
        | KEY NOTENAME_PITCH SCM_IDENTIFIER     {
 
-               Music *key = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("KeyChangeEvent");
+               Music *key = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("KeyChangeEvent", @$);
                if (scm_ilength ($3) > 0)
                {               
                        key->set_property ("pitch-alist", $3);
                        key->set_property ("tonic", Pitch (0, 0, 0).smobbed_copy ());
                        key->transpose (* unsmob_pitch ($2));
                } else {
-                       THIS->parser_error (@3, _ ("second argument must be pitch list"));
+                       PARSER->parser_error (@3, _ ("second argument must be pitch list"));
                }
 
-               $$ = key;
+               $$ = key->unprotect ();
        }
        ;
 
@@ -1698,52 +1486,42 @@ post_events:
                $$ = SCM_EOL;
        }
        | post_events post_event {
-               $2->set_spot (@2);
-               $$ = scm_cons ($2->self_scm (), $$);
-               $2->unprotect ();
-       }
-       ;
-
-music_function_event:
-       MUSIC_FUNCTION_MUSIC post_event {
-               $$ = scm_list_3 ($1, make_input (@$), $2->self_scm ());
-       }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_MUSIC function_scm_argument post_event {
-               $$ = scm_list_4 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3->self_scm ());
-       }
-       | MUSIC_FUNCTION_SCM_SCM_MUSIC function_scm_argument function_scm_argument post_event {
-               $$ = scm_list_5 ($1, make_input (@$), $2, $3, $4->self_scm ());
+               unsmob_music ($2)->set_spot (@2);
+               $$ = scm_cons ($2, $$);
        }
        ;
-
        
 post_event:
        direction_less_event {
                $$ = $1;
        }
        | '-' music_function_event {
-               Music *mus = run_music_function (THIS, $2);
-               mus->set_spot (@1);
-               $$ = mus;
+               $$ = run_music_function (PARSER, $2);
        }
        | HYPHEN {
-               if (!THIS->lexer_->is_lyric_state ())
-                       THIS->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Lyric mode for lyrics"));
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("HyphenEvent");
+               if (!PARSER->lexer_->is_lyric_state ())
+                       PARSER->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Lyric mode for lyrics"));
+               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("HyphenEvent", @$)->unprotect ();
        }
        | EXTENDER {
-               if (!THIS->lexer_->is_lyric_state ())
-                       THIS->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Lyric mode for lyrics"));
-               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("ExtenderEvent");
+               if (!PARSER->lexer_->is_lyric_state ())
+                       PARSER->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Lyric mode for lyrics"));
+               $$ = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("ExtenderEvent", @$)->unprotect ();
        }
        | script_dir direction_reqd_event {
                if ($1)
-                       $2->set_property ("direction", scm_from_int ($1));
+               {
+                       Music *m = unsmob_music ($2);
+                       m->set_property ("direction", scm_from_int ($1));
+               }
                $$ = $2;
        }
        | script_dir direction_less_event {
                if ($1)
-                       $2->set_property ("direction", scm_from_int ($1));
+               {
+                       Music *m = unsmob_music ($2);
+                       m->set_property ("direction", scm_from_int ($1));
+               }
                $$ = $2;
        }
        | string_number_event
@@ -1751,10 +1529,9 @@ post_event:
 
 string_number_event:
        E_UNSIGNED {
-               Music *s = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("StringNumberEvent");
+               Music *s = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("StringNumberEvent", @$);
                s->set_property ("string-number", scm_from_int ($1));
-               s->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = s;
+               $$ = s->unprotect ();
        }
        ;
 
@@ -1793,27 +1570,26 @@ direction_less_char:
 
 direction_less_event:
        direction_less_char {
-               SCM predefd = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier_symbol ($1);
-               Music * m = 0;
+               SCM predefd = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier_symbol ($1);
+               Music *m = 0;
                if (unsmob_music (predefd))
                {
                        m = unsmob_music (predefd)->clone ();
+                       m->set_spot (@$);
                }
                else
                {
-                       m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("Music");
+                       m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("Music", @$);
                }
-               m->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = m;         
+               $$ = m->unprotect ();
        }
        | EVENT_IDENTIFIER      {
-               $$ = unsmob_music ($1);
+               $$ = $1;
        }
        | tremolo_type  {
-               Music *a = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TremoloEvent");
-               a->set_spot (@$);
+               Music *a = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TremoloEvent", @$);
                a->set_property ("tremolo-type", scm_from_int ($1));
-               $$ = a;
+               $$ = a->unprotect ();
         }
        ;       
        
@@ -1822,19 +1598,19 @@ direction_reqd_event:
                $$ = $1;
        }
        | script_abbreviation {
-               SCM s = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("dash" + ly_scm2string ($1));
-               Music *a = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("ArticulationEvent");
+               SCM s = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("dash" + ly_scm2string ($1));
+               Music *a = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("ArticulationEvent", @$);
                if (scm_is_string (s))
                        a->set_property ("articulation-type", s);
-               else THIS->parser_error (@1, _ ("expecting string as script definition"));
-               $$ = a;
+               else PARSER->parser_error (@1, _ ("expecting string as script definition"));
+               $$ = a->unprotect ();
        }
        ;
 
 octave_check:
        /**/ { $$ = SCM_EOL; }
        | '='  { $$ = scm_from_int (0); }
-       | '=' sub_quotes { $$ = scm_from_int ($2); }
+       | '=' sub_quotes { $$ = scm_from_int (-$2); }
        | '=' sup_quotes { $$ = scm_from_int ($2); }
        ;
 
@@ -1886,7 +1662,7 @@ steno_tonic_pitch:
                $$ = p.smobbed_copy ();
        }
        | TONICNAME_PITCH sub_quotes     {
-               Pitch p =unsmob_pitch ($1);
+               Pitch p = *unsmob_pitch ($1);
 
                p = p.transposed (Pitch (-$2,0,0));
                $$ = p.smobbed_copy ();
@@ -1906,48 +1682,44 @@ pitch_also_in_chords:
 
 gen_text_def:
        full_markup {
-               Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TextScriptEvent");
+               Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TextScriptEvent", @$);
                t->set_property ("text", $1);
-               t->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = t; 
+               $$ = t->unprotect ();
        }
        | string {
-               Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TextScriptEvent");
+               Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("TextScriptEvent", @$);
                t->set_property ("text",
                        make_simple_markup ($1));
-               t->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = t;
-       
+               $$ = t->unprotect ();
        }
        | DIGIT {
-               Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("FingerEvent");
+               Music *t = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("FingeringEvent", @$);
                t->set_property ("digit", scm_from_int ($1));
-               t->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = t;
+               $$ = t->unprotect ();
        }
        ;
 
 script_abbreviation:
        '^'             {
-               $$ = scm_makfrom0str ("Hat");
+               $$ = scm_from_locale_string ("Hat");
        }
        | '+'           {
-               $$ = scm_makfrom0str ("Plus");
+               $$ = scm_from_locale_string ("Plus");
        }
        | '-'           {
-               $$ = scm_makfrom0str ("Dash");
+               $$ = scm_from_locale_string ("Dash");
        }
        | '|'           {
-               $$ = scm_makfrom0str ("Bar");
+               $$ = scm_from_locale_string ("Bar");
        }
-       | '>'           {
-               $$ = scm_makfrom0str ("Larger");
+       | ANGLE_CLOSE   {
+               $$ = scm_from_locale_string ("Larger");
        }
        | '.'           {
-               $$ = scm_makfrom0str ("Dot");
+               $$ = scm_from_locale_string ("Dot");
        }
        | '_' {
-               $$ = scm_makfrom0str ("Underscore");
+               $$ = scm_from_locale_string ("Underscore");
        }
        ;
 
@@ -1972,12 +1744,12 @@ duration_length:
 
 optional_notemode_duration:
        {
-               Duration dd = THIS->default_duration_;
+               Duration dd = PARSER->default_duration_;
                $$ = dd.smobbed_copy ();
        }
        | multiplied_duration   {
                $$ = $1;
-               THIS->default_duration_ = *unsmob_duration ($$);
+               PARSER->default_duration_ = *unsmob_duration ($$);
        }
        ;
 
@@ -1985,7 +1757,7 @@ steno_duration:
        bare_unsigned dots              {
                int len = 0;
                if (!is_duration ($1))
-                       THIS->parser_error (@1, _f ("not a duration: %d", $1));
+                       PARSER->parser_error (@1, _f ("not a duration: %d", $1));
                else
                        len = intlog2 ($1);
 
@@ -2035,7 +1807,7 @@ tremolo_type:
        }
        | ':' bare_unsigned {
                if (!is_duration ($2))
-                       THIS->parser_error (@2, _f ("not a duration: %d", $2));
+                       PARSER->parser_error (@2, _f ("not a duration: %d", $2));
                $$ = $2;
        }
        ;
@@ -2052,20 +1824,18 @@ bass_number:
        ;
 
 figured_bass_alteration:
-       '-'     { $$ = -2; }
-       | '+'   { $$ = 2; }
-       | '!'   { $$ = 0; }
+       '-'     { $$ = ly_rational2scm (FLAT_ALTERATION); }
+       | '+'   { $$ = ly_rational2scm (SHARP_ALTERATION); }
+       | '!'   { $$ = scm_from_int (0); }
        ;
 
 bass_figure:
        FIGURE_SPACE {
-               Music *bfr = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("BassFigureEvent");
-               $$ = bfr->self_scm ();
-               bfr->unprotect ();
-               bfr->set_spot (@1);
+               Music *bfr = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("BassFigureEvent", @$);
+               $$ = bfr->unprotect ();
        }
        | bass_number  {
-               Music *bfr = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("BassFigureEvent");
+               Music *bfr = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("BassFigureEvent", @$);
                $$ = bfr->self_scm ();
 
                if (scm_is_number ($1))
@@ -2074,7 +1844,6 @@ bass_figure:
                        bfr->set_property ("text", $1);
 
                bfr->unprotect ();
-               bfr->set_spot (@1);
        }
        | bass_figure ']' {
                $$ = $1;
@@ -2082,11 +1851,11 @@ bass_figure:
        }
        | bass_figure figured_bass_alteration {
                Music *m = unsmob_music ($1);
-               if ($2) {
+               if (scm_to_double ($2)) {
                        SCM salter = m->get_property ("alteration");
-                       int alter = scm_is_number (salter) ? scm_to_int (salter) : 0;
+                       SCM alter = scm_is_number (salter) ? salter : scm_from_int (0);
                        m->set_property ("alteration",
-                               scm_from_int (alter + $2));
+                                        scm_sum (alter, $2));
                } else {
                        m->set_property ("alteration", scm_from_int (0));
                }
@@ -2142,10 +1911,7 @@ figure_list:
 
 figure_spec:
        FIGURE_OPEN figure_list FIGURE_CLOSE {
-               Music *m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
-               $2 = scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL);
-               m->set_property ("elements", $2);
-               $$ = m->self_scm ();
+               $$ = scm_reverse_x ($2, SCM_EOL);
        }
        ;
 
@@ -2157,14 +1923,14 @@ optional_rest:
 
 simple_element:
        pitch exclamations questions octave_check optional_notemode_duration optional_rest {
-               if (!THIS->lexer_->is_note_state ())
-                       THIS->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Note mode for notes"));
+               if (!PARSER->lexer_->is_note_state ())
+                       PARSER->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Note mode for notes"));
 
                Music *n = 0;
                if ($6)
-                       n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("RestEvent");
+                       n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("RestEvent", @$);
                else
-                       n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent");
+                       n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent", @$);
                
                n->set_property ("pitch", $1);
                n->set_property ("duration", $5);
@@ -2180,81 +1946,55 @@ simple_element:
                if ($2 % 2 || $3 % 2)
                        n->set_property ("force-accidental", SCM_BOOL_T);
 
-               Music *v = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
-               v->set_property ("elements", scm_list_1 (n->self_scm ()));
-               n->unprotect ();
-
-               v->set_spot (@$);
-               n->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = v;
+               $$ = n->unprotect ();
        }
        | DRUM_PITCH optional_notemode_duration {
-               Music *n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent");
+               Music *n = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("NoteEvent", @$);
                n->set_property ("duration", $2);
                n->set_property ("drum-type", $1);
 
-               Music *v = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
-               v->set_property ("elements", scm_list_1 (n->self_scm ()));
-               n->unprotect ();
-               v->set_spot (@$);
-               n->set_spot (@$);
-               $$ = v;
-               
+               $$ = n->unprotect ();           
        }
-       | figure_spec optional_notemode_duration {
-               Music *m = unsmob_music ($1);
-               m->set_spot (@$);
-               for (SCM s = m->get_property ("elements"); scm_is_pair (s); s = scm_cdr (s))
-               {
-                       unsmob_music (scm_car (s))->set_property ("duration", $2);
-               }
-               $$ = m;
-       }       
        | RESTNAME optional_notemode_duration           {
                Music *ev = 0;
                if (ly_scm2string ($1) == "s") {
                        /* Space */
-                       ev = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("SkipEvent");
+                       ev = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("SkipEvent", @$);
                  }
                else {
-                       ev = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("RestEvent");
+                       ev = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("RestEvent", @$);
                
                    }
                ev->set_property ("duration", $2);
-               ev->set_spot (@$);
-               Music *velt = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
-               velt->set_property ("elements", scm_list_1 (ev->self_scm ()));
-               velt->set_spot (@$);
-
-               ev->unprotect();
-
-               $$ = velt;
+               $$ = ev->unprotect ();
        }
-       | MULTI_MEASURE_REST optional_notemode_duration         {
-               SCM proc = ly_lily_module_constant ("make-multi-measure-rest");
-               SCM mus = scm_call_2 (proc, $2, make_input (@$));
-               $$ = unsmob_music (mus);
-               $$->protect ();
-       }
-       
        | lyric_element optional_notemode_duration      {
-               if (!THIS->lexer_->is_lyric_state ())
-                       THIS->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Lyric mode for lyrics"));
+               if (!PARSER->lexer_->is_lyric_state ())
+                       PARSER->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Lyric mode for lyrics"));
 
-               Music *levent = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("LyricEvent");
+               Music *levent = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("LyricEvent", @$);
                levent->set_property ("text", $1);
                levent->set_property ("duration",$2);
-               levent->set_spot (@$);
-               Music *velt = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("EventChord");
-               velt->set_property ("elements", scm_list_1 (levent->self_scm ()));
-
-               $$= velt;
+               $$= levent->unprotect ();
        }
+       ;
+
+simple_chord_elements:
+       simple_element  {
+               $$ = scm_list_1 ($1);
+       }       
        | new_chord {
-                if (!THIS->lexer_->is_chord_state ())
-                        THIS->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Chord mode for chords"));
-                $$ = unsmob_music ($1);
+                if (!PARSER->lexer_->is_chord_state ())
+                        PARSER->parser_error (@1, _ ("have to be in Chord mode for chords"));
+                $$ = $1;
        }
+       | figure_spec optional_notemode_duration {
+               for (SCM s = $1; scm_is_pair (s); s = scm_cdr (s))
+               {
+                       unsmob_music (scm_car (s))->set_property ("duration", $2);
+               }
+               $$ = $1;
+       }       
        ;
 
 lyric_element:
@@ -2268,11 +2008,11 @@ lyric_element:
 
 new_chord:
        steno_tonic_pitch optional_notemode_duration   {
-               $$ = make_chord ($1, $2, SCM_EOL);
+               $$ = make_chord_elements ($1, $2, SCM_EOL);
        }
        | steno_tonic_pitch optional_notemode_duration chord_separator chord_items {
                SCM its = scm_reverse_x ($4, SCM_EOL);
-               $$ = make_chord ($1, $2, scm_cons ($3, its));
+               $$ = make_chord_elements ($1, $2, scm_cons ($3, its));
        }
        ;
 
@@ -2324,10 +2064,10 @@ step_number:
                $$ = make_chord_step ($1, 0);
         }
        | bare_unsigned '+' {
-               $$ = make_chord_step ($1, SHARP);
+               $$ = make_chord_step ($1, SHARP_ALTERATION);
        }
        | bare_unsigned CHORD_MINUS {
-               $$ = make_chord_step ($1, FLAT);
+               $$ = make_chord_step ($1, FLAT_ALTERATION);
        }
        ;       
 
@@ -2395,6 +2135,14 @@ bare_unsigned:
        }
        ;
 
+unsigned_number:
+       bare_unsigned  { $$ = scm_from_int ($1); }
+       | NUMBER_IDENTIFIER {
+               $$ = $1;
+       }
+       ;
+       
+
 exclamations:
                { $$ = 0; }
        | exclamations '!'      { $$ ++; }
@@ -2414,10 +2162,10 @@ lyric_markup:
                $$ = $1;
        }
        | LYRIC_MARKUP
-               { THIS->lexer_->push_markup_state (); }
+               { PARSER->lexer_->push_markup_state (); }
        markup_top {
                $$ = $3;
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->pop_state ();
        }
        ;
 
@@ -2426,10 +2174,10 @@ full_markup:
                $$ = $1;
        }
        | MARKUP
-               { THIS->lexer_->push_markup_state (); }
+               { PARSER->lexer_->push_markup_state (); }
        markup_top {
                $$ = $3;
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->pop_state ();
        }
        ;
 
@@ -2512,13 +2260,13 @@ simple_markup:
                $$ = $1;
        }
        | SCORE {
-               SCM nn = THIS->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
-               THIS->lexer_->push_note_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
+               SCM nn = PARSER->lexer_->lookup_identifier ("pitchnames");
+               PARSER->lexer_->push_note_state (alist_to_hashq (nn));
        } '{' score_body '}' {
                Score * sc = $4;
                $$ = scm_list_2 (ly_lily_module_constant ("score-markup"), sc->self_scm ());
                sc->unprotect ();
-               THIS->lexer_->pop_state ();
+               PARSER->lexer_->pop_state ();
        }
        | MARKUP_HEAD_SCM0 embedded_scm {
                $$ = scm_list_2 ($1, $2);
@@ -2553,11 +2301,9 @@ markup:
 %%
 
 void
-Lily_parser::set_yydebug (bool )
+Lily_parser::set_yydebug (bool x)
 {
-#if 0
-       yydebug = 1;
-#endif
+       yydebug = x;
 }
 
 void
@@ -2583,17 +2329,26 @@ Lily_lexer::try_special_identifiers (SCM *destination, SCM sid)
                *destination = sid;
                return STRING_IDENTIFIER;
        } else if (unsmob_book (sid)) {
-               *destination = unsmob_book (sid)->clone ()->self_scm ();
+               Book *book =  unsmob_book (sid)->clone ();
+               *destination = book->self_scm ();
+               book->unprotect ();
+
                return BOOK_IDENTIFIER;
        } else if (scm_is_number (sid)) {
                *destination = sid;
                return NUMBER_IDENTIFIER;
        } else if (unsmob_context_def (sid)) {
-               *destination = unsmob_context_def (sid)->clone_scm ();
+               Context_def *def= unsmob_context_def (sid)->clone ();
+
+               *destination = def->self_scm ();
+               def->unprotect ();
+               
                return CONTEXT_DEF_IDENTIFIER;
        } else if (unsmob_score (sid)) {
                Score *score = new Score (*unsmob_score (sid));
                *destination = score->self_scm ();
+
+               score->unprotect ();
                return SCORE_IDENTIFIER;
        } else if (Music *mus = unsmob_music (sid)) {
                mus = mus->clone ();
@@ -2604,6 +2359,7 @@ Lily_lexer::try_special_identifiers (SCM *destination, SCM sid)
                bool is_event = scm_memq (ly_symbol2scm ("event"), mus->get_property ("types"))
                        != SCM_BOOL_F;
 
+               mus->unprotect ();
                return is_event ? EVENT_IDENTIFIER : MUSIC_IDENTIFIER;
        } else if (unsmob_duration (sid)) {
                *destination = unsmob_duration (sid)->smobbed_copy ();
@@ -2611,8 +2367,9 @@ Lily_lexer::try_special_identifiers (SCM *destination, SCM sid)
        } else if (unsmob_output_def (sid)) {
                Output_def *p = unsmob_output_def (sid);
                p = p->clone ();
-
+       
                *destination = p->self_scm ();
+               p->unprotect ();
                return OUTPUT_DEF_IDENTIFIER;
        } else if (Text_interface::is_markup (sid)) {
                *destination = sid;
@@ -2624,69 +2381,10 @@ Lily_lexer::try_special_identifiers (SCM *destination, SCM sid)
        return -1;      
 }
 
-Music *
-property_op_to_music (SCM op)
-{
-       Music *m = 0;
-       SCM tag = scm_car (op);
-       SCM symbol = scm_cadr (op);
-       SCM args = scm_cddr (op);
-       SCM grob_val = SCM_UNDEFINED;
-       SCM grob_path = SCM_UNDEFINED;
-       SCM val = SCM_UNDEFINED;
-       
-       if (tag == ly_symbol2scm ("assign"))
-               {
-               m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("PropertySet");
-               val = scm_car (args);
-               }
-       else if (tag == ly_symbol2scm ("unset"))
-               m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("PropertyUnset");
-       else if (tag == ly_symbol2scm ("push"))
-               {
-               m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("OverrideProperty");
-               grob_val = scm_car (args);
-               grob_path = scm_cdr (args);
-               m->set_property ("pop-first", SCM_BOOL_T);
-               }
-       else if (tag == ly_symbol2scm ("pop")) {
-               m = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("RevertProperty");
-               grob_path = args;
-               }
-
-       m->set_property ("symbol", symbol);
-
-       if (val != SCM_UNDEFINED)
-               m->set_property ("value", val);
-       if (grob_val != SCM_UNDEFINED)
-               m->set_property ("grob-value", grob_val);
-       if (grob_path != SCM_UNDEFINED)
-               m->set_property ("grob-property-path", grob_path);
-
-       return m;
-}
-
-Music*
-context_spec_music (SCM type, SCM id, Music *m, SCM ops)
-{
-       Music *csm = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("ContextSpeccedMusic");
-
-       csm->set_property ("element", m->self_scm ());
-       m->unprotect ();
-
-       csm->set_property ("context-type",
-               scm_is_symbol (type) ? type : scm_string_to_symbol (type));
-       csm->set_property ("property-operations", ops);
-
-       if (scm_is_string (id))
-               csm->set_property ("context-id", id);
-       return csm;
-}
-
 SCM
 get_next_unique_context_id ()
 {
-       return scm_makfrom0str ("$uniqueContextId");
+       return scm_from_locale_string ("$uniqueContextId");
 }
 
 
@@ -2696,11 +2394,11 @@ get_next_unique_lyrics_context_id ()
        static int new_context_count;
        char s[128];
        snprintf (s, sizeof (s)-1, "uniqueContext%d", new_context_count++);
-       return scm_makfrom0str (s);
+       return scm_from_locale_string (s);
 }
 
 
-Music *
+SCM
 run_music_function (Lily_parser *parser, SCM expr)
 {
        SCM func = scm_car (expr);
@@ -2709,41 +2407,22 @@ run_music_function (Lily_parser *parser, SCM expr)
        SCM sig = scm_object_property (func, ly_symbol2scm ("music-function-signature"));
 
        SCM type_check_proc = ly_lily_module_constant ("type-check-list");
-       bool ok  = true;
 
        if (!to_boolean (scm_call_3  (type_check_proc, scm_cadr (expr), sig, args)))
        {
                parser->error_level_ = 1;
-               ok = false;
+               return LOWLEVEL_MAKE_SYNTAX (ly_lily_module_constant ("void-music"), scm_list_2 (parser->self_scm (), make_input (*loc)));
        }
 
-       SCM m = SCM_EOL;
-       if (ok)
-               m = scm_apply_0 (func, scm_cons (parser->self_scm(),
-                                                scm_cdr (expr)));
-
-
-       Music* retval = 0;
-       if (unsmob_music (m))
-               {
-               retval = unsmob_music (m);
-               retval->protect ();
-               }
-       else
-               {
-               if (ok)
-                       loc->error (_ ("music head function must return Music object")); 
-               retval = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("Music");
-               }
-       retval->set_spot (*loc);
-       return retval;
+       SCM syntax_args = scm_list_4 (parser->self_scm (), make_input (*loc), func, args);
+       return LOWLEVEL_MAKE_SYNTAX (ly_lily_module_constant ("music-function"), syntax_args);
 }
 
 bool
 is_regular_identifier (SCM id)
 {
-  String str = ly_scm2string (id);
-  char const *s = str.to_str0 ();
+  string str = ly_scm2string (id);
+  char const *s = str.c_str ();
 
   bool v = true;
 #if 0
@@ -2758,6 +2437,13 @@ is_regular_identifier (SCM id)
   return v;
 }
 
+Music *
+make_music_with_input (SCM name, Input where)
+{
+       Music *m = make_music_by_name (name);
+       m->set_spot (where);
+       return m;
+}
 
 SCM
 get_first_context_id (SCM type, Music *m)
@@ -2788,15 +2474,15 @@ void
 set_music_properties (Music *p, SCM a)
 {
   for (SCM k = a; scm_is_pair (k); k = scm_cdr (k))
-       p->internal_set_property (scm_caar (k), scm_cdar (k));
+       p->set_property (scm_caar (k), scm_cdar (k));
 }
 
 
 SCM
-make_chord_step (int step, int alter)
+make_chord_step (int step, Rational alter)
 {
        if (step == 7)
-               alter += FLAT;
+               alter += FLAT_ALTERATION;
 
        while (step < 0)
                step += 7;
@@ -2806,13 +2492,10 @@ make_chord_step (int step, int alter)
 
 
 SCM
-make_chord (SCM pitch, SCM dur, SCM modification_list)
+make_chord_elements (SCM pitch, SCM dur, SCM modification_list)
 {
-       SCM chord_ctor = ly_lily_module_constant ("construct-chord");
-       SCM ch = scm_call_3 (chord_ctor, pitch, dur, modification_list);
-
-       unsmob_music (ch)->protect();   
-       return ch;
+       SCM chord_ctor = ly_lily_module_constant ("construct-chord-elements");
+       return scm_call_3 (chord_ctor, pitch, dur, modification_list);
 }
 
 
@@ -2824,37 +2507,19 @@ ly_input_procedure_p (SCM x)
                || (scm_is_pair (x) && ly_is_procedure (scm_car (x)));
 }
 
-Music*
-set_property_music (SCM sym, SCM value)
-{
-       Music *p = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("PropertySet");
-       p->set_property ("symbol", sym);
-       p->set_property ("value", value);
-       return p;
-}
-
-Music*
-make_music_relative (Pitch start, Music *music)
+SCM
+make_music_relative (Pitch start, SCM music, Input loc)
 {
-       Music *relative = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("RelativeOctaveMusic");
-       relative->set_property ("element", music->self_scm ());
+       Music *relative = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("RelativeOctaveMusic", loc);
+       relative->set_property ("element", music);
        
-       Pitch last = music->to_relative_octave (start);
+       Music *m = unsmob_music (music);
+       Pitch last = m->to_relative_octave (start);
        if (lily_1_8_relative)
-               music->set_property ("last-pitch", last.smobbed_copy ());
-       return relative;
-}
-
-Music *
-make_lyric_combine_music (SCM name, Music *music)
-{
-       Music *combine = MY_MAKE_MUSIC ("LyricCombineMusic");
-       combine->set_property ("element", music->self_scm ());
-       combine->set_property ("associated-context", name);
-       return combine;
+               m->set_property ("last-pitch", last.smobbed_copy ());
+       return relative->unprotect ();
 }
 
-
 int
 yylex (YYSTYPE *s, YYLTYPE *loc, void *v)
 {