@menu
* Suggestions for writing LilyPond files::
* When things don't work::
+* Scores and parts::
@end menu
@end lilypond
That looks better, but let's make a few changes. The glissando is hard
-to see, so let's make it thicker and closer to the noteheads. Let's
+to see, so let's make it thicker and closer to the note heads. Let's
put the metronome marking above the clef, instead of over the first
note. And finally, my composition professor hates @q{C} time signatures,
so we'd better make that @q{4/4} instead.
@example
%%% global.ly
-\version "2.11.23"
+\version "2.11.38"
#(ly:set-option 'point-and-click #f)
\include "../init/init-defs.ly"
\include "../init/init-layout.ly"
For example, in LilyPond 2.4 and earlier, accents and non-English
letters were entered using LaTeX -- for example,
-@samp{No\"el} (this would print the French word for
+@code{No\"el} (this would print the French word for
@q{Christmas}). In LilyPond 2.6 and above, the special
-@samp{ë} must be entered directly into the LilyPond file as an
+@code{ë} must be entered directly into the LilyPond file as an
UTF-8 character. @code{convert-ly} cannot change all the LaTeX
special characters into UTF-8 characters; you must manually update
your old LilyPond files.
@end itemize
+
+@node Scores and parts
+@section Scores and parts
+
+TODO: this is really old stuff from the really old tutorial.
+Rewrite, fix, etc. Or maybe delete entirely. -gp
+Include section on tags -td
+and then move to section 5. Working ... -td
+
+In orchestral music, all notes are printed twice. Once in a part for
+the musicians, and once in a full score for the conductor. Variables can
+be used to avoid double work. The music is entered once, and stored in
+a variable. The contents of that variable is then used to generate
+both the part and the full score.
+
+It is convenient to define the notes in a special file. For example,
+suppose that the file @file{horn-music.ly} contains the following part
+of a horn/@/bassoon duo
+
+@example
+hornNotes = \relative c @{
+ \time 2/4
+ r4 f8 a cis4 f e d
+@}
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+Then, an individual part is made by putting the following in a file
+
+@example
+\include "horn-music.ly"
+\header @{
+ instrument = "Horn in F"
+@}
+
+@{
+ \transpose f c' \hornNotes
+@}
+@end example
+
+The line
+
+@example
+\include "horn-music.ly"
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+substitutes the contents of @file{horn-music.ly} at this position in
+the file, so @code{hornNotes} is defined afterwards. The command
+@code{\transpose f@tie{}c'} indicates that the argument, being
+@code{\hornNotes}, should be transposed by a fifth upwards. Sounding
+@code{f} is denoted by notated @code{c'}, which corresponds with the
+tuning of a normal French Horn in@tie{}F. The transposition can be seen
+in the following output
+
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
+\transpose f c' \relative c {
+ \time 2/4
+ r4 f8 a cis4 f e d
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+In ensemble pieces, one of the voices often does not play for many
+measures. This is denoted by a special rest, the multi-measure
+rest. It is entered with a capital @code{R} followed by a duration
+(@code{1}@tie{}for a whole note, @code{2}@tie{}for a half note,
+etc.). By multiplying the
+duration, longer rests can be constructed. For example, this rest
+takes 3@tie{}measures in 2/4 time
+
+@example
+R2*3
+@end example
+
+When printing the part, multi-rests
+must be condensed. This is done by setting a run-time variable
+
+@example
+\set Score.skipBars = ##t
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+This command sets the property @code{skipBars} in the
+@code{Score} context to true (@code{##t}). Prepending the rest and
+this option to the music above, leads to the following result
+
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
+\transpose f c' \relative c {
+ \time 2/4
+ \set Score.skipBars = ##t
+ R2*3
+ r4 f8 a cis4 f e d
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+
+The score is made by combining all of the music together. Assuming
+that the other voice is in @code{bassoonNotes} in the file
+@file{bassoon-music.ly}, a score is made with
+
+@example
+\include "bassoon-music.ly"
+\include "horn-music.ly"
+
+<<
+ \new Staff \hornNotes
+ \new Staff \bassoonNotes
+>>
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+leading to
+
+@lilypond[quote,ragged-right]
+\relative c <<
+ \new Staff {
+ \time 2/4 R2*3
+ r4 f8 a cis4 f e d
+ }
+ \new Staff {
+ \clef bass
+ r4 d,8 f | gis4 c | b bes |
+ a8 e f4 | g d | gis f
+ }
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
+
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff