Since LilyPond input files are text, there are two issues to
consider when working with vocal music:
-@itemize @bullet
+@itemize
@item
Song texts must be entered as text, not notes. For example, the
input@tie{}@code{d} should be interpreted as a one letter syllable, not the
by examining the simplest method, and gradually increase complexity.
@menu
-* TODO subsection vocal music::
+* Simple lyrics::
+* Aligning lyrics to a melody::
+* Vocals and variables::
+* Flexibility in placement::
+* Spacing vocals::
+* More about stanzas::
@end menu
-
-@commonprop
+@snippets
Checking to make sure that text scripts and lyrics are within the margins is
a relatively large computational task. To speed up processing, lilypond does
\override Score.PaperColumn #'keep-inside-line = ##t
@end example
-To make lyrics avoid barlines as well, use
+To make lyrics avoid bar lines as well, use
+
@example
\layout @{
\context @{
@end example
-@node TODO subsection vocal music
-@subsection TODO subsection vocal music
+@node Simple lyrics
+@subsection Simple lyrics
@menu
* Setting simple songs::
* Entering lyrics::
-* Aligning lyrics to a melody::
-* Automatic syllable durations::
-* Another way of entering lyrics::
-* Assigning more than one syllable to a single note::
-* More than one note on a single syllable::
-* Extenders and hyphens::
-* Working with lyrics and identifiers::
-* Flexibility in placement::
-* Lyrics to multiple notes of a melisma::
-* Divisi lyrics::
-* Switching the melody associated with a lyrics line::
-* Lyrics independent of notes::
-* Spacing lyrics::
-* More about stanzas::
-* Other vocal issues::
@end menu
@node Setting simple songs
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Setting simple songs
+@subsubsection Setting simple songs
@cindex \addlyrics
@node Entering lyrics
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Entering lyrics
+@subsubsection Entering lyrics
@cindex lyrics
@funindex \lyricmode
simply insert the characters directly into the input file and save
it with utf-8 encoding. See @ref{Text encoding}, for more info.
+FIXME: quotes.
+
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
\relative { e4 f e d e f e2 }
-\addlyrics { He said: â\80\9cLet my peo ple goâ\80\9d. }
+\addlyrics { He said: ââ\82¬Å\93Let my peo ple goââ\82¬Â\9d. }
@end lilypond
To use normal quotes in lyrics, add a backslash before the
combination of a backslash followed by one of @code{`}, @code{'},
@code{"}, or @code{^}.
-To define identifiers containing lyrics, the function @code{lyricmode}
+To define variables containing lyrics, the function @code{lyricmode}
must be used.
@example
@seealso
-Program reference: @internalsref{LyricText}, @internalsref{LyricSpace}.
-
+Internals Reference: @internalsref{LyricText}, @internalsref{LyricSpace}.
@node Aligning lyrics to a melody
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Aligning lyrics to a melody
+@subsection Aligning lyrics to a melody
@funindex \lyricmode
@funindex \addlyrics
There are two main methods to specify the horizontal placement
of the syllables:
-@itemize @bullet
+@itemize
@item
by automatically aligning
the lyrics to a melody or other voice of music, using @code{\addlyrics}
@end menu
@node Automatic syllable durations
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Automatic syllable durations
+@subsubsection Automatic syllable durations
@cindex automatic syllable durations
@cindex lyrics and melodies
@end example
@node Another way of entering lyrics
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Another way of entering lyrics
+@subsubsection Another way of entering lyrics
Lyrics can also be entered without @code{\addlyrics} or
@code{\lyricsto}. In this case,
syllables are entered like notes -- but with pitches replaced by text -- and the
-duration of each syllable must be entered explicitly. For example:
+duration of each syllable must be entered explicitly. For example:
@example
play2 the4 game2.
@seealso
-Program reference: @internalsref{Lyrics}.
+Internals Reference: @internalsref{Lyrics}.
@node Assigning more than one syllable to a single note
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Assigning more than one syllable to a single note
+@subsubsection Assigning more than one syllable to a single note
@funindex _
@seealso
-Program reference: @internalsref{LyricCombineMusic}.
+Internals Reference: @internalsref{LyricCombineMusic}.
@c Here come the section which used to be "Melismata"
@c the new title might be more self-explanatory
@node More than one note on a single syllable
-@unnumberedsubsubsec More than one note on a single syllable
+@subsubsection More than one note on a single syllable
@cindex melisma
@cindex melismata
@rlearning{Vocal ensembles}.
-@refcommands
+@predefined
@code{\melisma}, @code{\melismaEnd}
@funindex \melismaEnd
@seealso
-Program reference: @internalsref{Melisma_translator}.
+Internals Reference: @internalsref{Melisma_translator}.
-@lsr{vocal,lyric@/-combine.ly}.
+@c @lsr{vocal,lyric@/-combine.ly}.
-@refbugs
+@knownissues
Melismata are not detected automatically, and extender lines must be
inserted by hand.
@node Extenders and hyphens
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Extenders and hyphens
+@subsubsection Extenders and hyphens
@cindex melisma
@cindex extender
+@c leave this as samp. -gp
Melismata are indicated with a horizontal line centered between a syllable
and the next one. Such a line is called an extender line, and it is entered
as @samp{ __ } (note the spaces before and after the two underscore
@cindex hyphens
+@c leave this as samp. -gp
Centered hyphens are entered as @samp{ -- } between syllables of a same word
(note the spaces before and after the two hyphen characters). The hyphen
will be centered between the syllables, and its length will be adjusted
depending on the space between the syllables.
-In tighly engraved music, hyphens can be removed. Whether this
+In tightly engraved music, hyphens can be removed. Whether this
happens can be controlled with the @code{minimum-distance} (minimum
distance between two syllables) and the @code{minimum-length}
(threshold below which hyphens are removed).
@seealso
-Program reference: @internalsref{LyricExtender},
+Internals Reference: @internalsref{LyricExtender},
@internalsref{LyricHyphen}
-@node Working with lyrics and identifiers
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Working with lyrics and identifiers
-@cindex lyrics, identifiers
+@node Vocals and variables
+@subsection Vocals and variables
-To define identifiers containing lyrics, the function @code{\lyricmode}
-must be used. You do not have to enter durations though, if you add
+@menu
+* Working with lyrics and variables::
+@end menu
+
+@node Working with lyrics and variables
+@subsubsection Working with lyrics and variables
+
+@cindex lyrics, variables
+
+To define variables containing lyrics, the function @code{\lyricmode}
+must be used. You do not have to enter durations though, if you add
@code{\addlyrics} or @code{\lyricsto}
-when invoking your identifier.
+when invoking your variable.
@example
verseOne = \lyricmode @{ Joy to the world the Lord is come @}
@seealso
@c TODO: document \new Staff << Voice \lyricsto >> bug
-Program reference: @internalsref{LyricCombineMusic},
+Internals Reference: @internalsref{LyricCombineMusic},
@internalsref{Lyrics}.
@node Flexibility in placement
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Flexibility in placement
+@subsection Flexibility in placement
Often, different stanzas of one song are put to one melody in slightly
differing ways. Such variations can still be captured with
@node Lyrics to multiple notes of a melisma
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Lyrics to multiple notes of a melisma
+@subsubsection Lyrics to multiple notes of a melisma
One possibility is that the text has a melisma in one stanza, but
multiple syllables in another one. One solution is to make the faster
must be set one syllable @emph{before} the non-melismatic syllable
in the text, as shown here,
-@c FIXME: breaks compile
+@c TODO: breaks compile
@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
%{
<<
@node Divisi lyrics
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Divisi lyrics
+@subsubsection Divisi lyrics
You can display alternate (or divisi) lyrics by naming voice
contexts and attaching lyrics to those specific contexts.
@node Switching the melody associated with a lyrics line
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Switching the melody associated with a lyrics line
+@subsubsection Switching the melody associated with a lyrics line
More complex variations in text underlay are possible. It is possible
to switch the melody for a line of lyrics during the text. This is
@node Lyrics independent of notes
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Lyrics independent of notes
+@subsubsection Lyrics independent of notes
In some complex vocal music, it may be desirable to place
lyrics completely independently of notes. Music defined
@end lilypond
+@node Spacing vocals
+@subsection Spacing vocals
+
+@menu
+* Spacing lyrics::
+@end menu
+
@node Spacing lyrics
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Spacing lyrics
+@subsubsection Spacing lyrics
@cindex Spacing lyrics
@cindex Lyrics, increasing space between
@node More about stanzas
-@unnumberedsubsubsec More about stanzas
+@subsection More about stanzas
+
+@menu
+* Adding stanza numbers ::
+* Adding dynamics marks::
+* Adding singer names::
+* Printing stanzas at the end ::
+* Printing stanzas at the end in multiple columns ::
+@end menu
+
+
+@node Adding stanza numbers
+@subsubsection Adding stanza numbers
@cindex stanza number
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Adding stanza numbers
Stanza numbers can be added by setting @code{stanza}, e.g.,
Hi, my name is Bert.
} \addlyrics {
\set stanza = "2. "
- Oh, ché -- ri, je t'aime
+ Oh, chÃ\83© -- ri, je t'aime
}
@end lilypond
These numbers are put just before the start of the first syllable.
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Adding dynamics marks
+@node Adding dynamics marks
+@subsubsection Adding dynamics marks
Stanzas differing in loudness may be indicated by putting a
-dynamics mark before each stanza. In Lilypond, everthing coming in
+dynamics mark before each stanza. In Lilypond, everything coming in
front of a stanza goes into the @code{StanzaNumber} object; dynamics marks
are no different. For technical reasons, you have to set the stanza
outside @code{\lyricmode}:
>>
@end lilypond
+@node Adding singer names
+@subsubsection Adding singer names
+
@cindex singer name
@cindex name of singer
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Adding singer names
Names of singers can also be added. They are printed at the start of
the line, just like instrument names. They are created by setting
@end lilypond
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Printing stanzas at the end
+@node Printing stanzas at the end
+@subsubsection Printing stanzas at the end
Sometimes it is appropriate to have one stanza set
to the music, and the rest added in verse form at
@end lilypond
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Printing stanzas at the end in multiple columns
+@node Printing stanzas at the end in multiple columns
+@subsubsection Printing stanzas at the end in multiple columns
When a piece of music has many verses, they are often printed in
-multiple columns across the page. An outdented verse number often
-introduces each verse. The following example shows how to produce such
+multiple columns across the page. An outdented verse number often
+introduces each verse. The following example shows how to produce such
output in Lilypond.
@lilypond[ragged-right,quote,verbatim]
@seealso
-Program reference: @internalsref{LyricText}, @internalsref{StanzaNumber},
+Internals Reference: @internalsref{LyricText}, @internalsref{StanzaNumber},
@internalsref{VocalName}.
-
-
-@node Other vocal issues
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Other vocal issues
-
+@c TODO: stick elsewhere
@ignore
+@n ode Other vocal issues
+@s ubsection Other vocal issues
+
yeah, I'm giving up somewhat by stuffing a bunch of things in
here. But at least they're in the manual now; it's easier to
move them around in the manual once they're already here.
Besides, if users complain about everything stuffed in here, I
can ask them for specific instructions about where to move these
examples, and that might get them more involved in the docs. -gp
-@end ignore
+
@q{Parlato} is spoken without pitch but still with rhythm; it is
-notated by cross noteheads. This is demonstrated in
-@ref{Special noteheads}.
+notated by cross note heads. This is demonstrated in
+@ref{Special note heads}.
+@end ignore
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff