that the lyrics will be aligned with the notes of their melody.
@menu
+* Common notation for vocal music::
* Entering lyrics::
* Aligning lyrics to a melody::
* Specific uses of lyrics::
* Stanzas::
@end menu
+
+@node Common notation for vocal music
+@subsection Common notation for vocal music
+
+This section discusses issues related to vocal music in general, and
+to some particular styles of vocal music.
+
+@menu
+* References for vocal music and lyrics::
+* Opera::
+* Song books::
+* Chants::
+* Spoken music::
+* Ancient vocal music::
+@end menu
+
+
+@node References for vocal music and lyrics
+@unnumberedsubsubsec References for vocal music and lyrics
+
+@c TODO: split this section in two parts? -vv
+
+Various issues may arise when engraving vocal music. Some of these
+are discussed in this section, while others are explained elsewhere:
+
+@itemize
+@item
+Most styles of vocal music use written text as lyrics. An introduction
+to this notation is to be found in @rlearning{Setting simple songs}.
+
+@item
+Vocal music is likely to require the use of @code{markup} mode, either
+for lyrics of for other text elements (character's names, etc.).
+This syntax is described in @ref{Text markup introduction}.
+
+@item
+Lead sheets may be printed by combining vocal parts and @q{chord mode};
+this syntax is explained in @ref{Chord notation}.
+
+@item
+@q{Ambitus} may be added at the beginning of vocal staves, as explained
+in @ref{Ambitus}.
+
+@item
+Vocal parts may be printed using traditional clefs, as shown in @ref{Clef}.
+
+@item
+Ancient vocal music is supported, as explained in @ref{Ancient notation}.
+@end itemize
+
+
+@node Opera
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Opera
+
+@c TODO
+TBC
+
+@c add characters names snippet -vv
+
+@node Song books
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Song books
+
+@c TODO
+TBC
+
+@snippets
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
+{simple-lead-sheet.ly}
+
+@seealso
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Chord notation}.
+
+@node Spoken music
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Spoken music
+@cindex parlato
+@cindex Sprechgesang
+Such effects as @q{parlato} or @q{Sprechgesang} require perfomers to speak
+without pitch but still with rhythm; these are notated by cross
+note heads, as demonstrated in @ref{Special note heads}.
+
+@c TODO add "marking-notes-on-spoken-parts" snippet -vv
+@c add "showing the rhythm of a melody" snip
+@c add "one staff-line notation"
+@c add "improvisation" ref
+@c add "lyrics independents of notes" ref
+
+@node Chants
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Chants
+
+@c TODO Add text from lsr and -user
+TBC
+
+@node Ancient vocal music
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Ancient vocal music
+
+@c TODO
+TBC
+
+@c Add "Printing both the ancient and the modern clef in vocal music" snippet,
+@c and "Transcription of Ancient music with incipit" snippet. -vv
+
+@seealso
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Ancient notation}.
+
+
@node Entering lyrics
@subsection Entering lyrics
* Lyrics explained::
* Setting simple songs::
* Working with lyrics and variables::
-* References for vocal music::
@end menu
@node Lyrics explained
-@subsubsection Lyrics explained
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Lyrics explained
@cindex lyrics
@funindex \lyricmode
@c FIXME: this section is to be rewritten.
Since LilyPond input files are text, there is at least one
-issue to consider when working with vocal music:
+issue to consider when working with vocal music:
song texts must be interpreted as text, not notes. For example, the
input@tie{}@code{d} should be interpreted as a one letter syllable,
not the note@tie{}D.
\addlyrics { pu- ro~y~ho- nes- to }
@end lilypond
-The lyric tie is implemented with the Unicode character U+203F, so be
-sure to have a font (Like DejaVuLGC) installed that includes this
-glyph.
+@noindent
+The lyric tie is implemented with the Unicode character
+@code{U+203F}; therefore a font that includes this glyph
+(such as DejaVuLGC) has to be used. More explanations about
+text and non-text fonts can be found in @ref{Fonts}.
To enter lyrics with characters from non-English languages, or with
@seealso
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Fonts}.
+
Internals Reference:
@rinternals{LyricText},
@rinternals{LyricSpace}.
-
+@c FIXME: this title has to be changed (possible confusion with LM) -vv
@node Setting simple songs
-@subsubsection Setting simple songs
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Setting simple songs
@cindex \addlyrics
@c such as "advanced lyric syntax" or whatever -vv
@node Working with lyrics and variables
-@subsubsection Working with lyrics and variables
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Working with lyrics and variables
@cindex lyrics, variables
@rinternals{Lyrics}.
-@node References for vocal music
-@subsubsection References for vocal music
-
-TBC
-@c TODO Add @refs
-
-@c Nope -- this section is to be removed.
-@c With a vengeance :-) -vv
-
-@q{Parlato} is spoken without pitch but still with rhythm; it is
-notated by cross note heads. This is demonstrated in
-@ref{Special note heads}.
-
-
@node Aligning lyrics to a melody
@subsection Aligning lyrics to a melody
@end menu
@node Automatic syllable durations
-@subsubsection Automatic syllable durations
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Automatic syllable durations
@cindex automatic syllable durations
@cindex lyrics and melodies
c4 b8. a16 g4. f8 e4 d c2
}
-% not recommended: left aligns syllables
+% not recommended: left aligns syllables
\new Lyrics \lyricmode { Joy4 to8. the16 world!4. the8 Lord4 is come.2 }
% wrong: durations needed
@end example
@node Manual syllable durations
-@subsubsection Manual syllable durations
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Manual syllable durations
Lyrics can also be entered without @code{\addlyrics} or
@code{\lyricsto}. In this case,
@node Multiple syllables to one note
-@subsubsection Multiple syllables to one note
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Multiple syllables to one note
@funindex _
@node Multiple notes to one syllable
-@subsubsection Multiple notes to one syllable
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Multiple notes to one syllable
@cindex melisma
@cindex melismata
@c it might be better to present it first - vv
You can define melismata entirely in the lyrics, by entering @code{_}
-for every extra note that has to be added to the the melisma.
+for every extra note that has to be added to the melisma.
@c FIXME: clarify: __ is used to crate a lyric extender,
@c _ is used to add a note to a melisma, so both __ and _ are needed.
@predefined
-
-@code{\melisma}, @code{\melismaEnd}
-@funindex \melismaEnd
@funindex \melisma
+@code{\melisma},
+@funindex \melismaEnd
+@code{\melismaEnd}.
+@endpredefined
+
@seealso
inserted by hand.
@node Skipping notes
-@subsubsection Skipping notes
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Skipping notes
Making a lyric line run slower than the melody can be achieved by
-inserting @code{\skip}s into the lyrics. For every @code{\skip},
+inserting @code{\skip}s into the lyrics. For every @code{\skip},
the text will be delayed another note. The @code{\skip} command
must be followed by a valid duration, but this is ignored when
@code{\skip} is used in lyrics.
@node Extenders and hyphens
-@subsubsection Extenders and hyphens
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Extenders and hyphens
@cindex melisma
@cindex extender
@rinternals{LyricHyphen}
@node Lyrics and repeats
-@subsubsection Lyrics and repeats
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Lyrics and repeats
@c TODO New section. Add text
TBC
@menu
* Divisi lyrics::
* Lyrics independent of notes::
-* Chants::
* Spacing out syllables::
* Centering lyrics between staves::
@end menu
@node Divisi lyrics
-@subsubsection Divisi lyrics
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Divisi lyrics
You can display alternate (or divisi) lyrics by naming voice
contexts and attaching lyrics to those specific contexts.
@node Lyrics independent of notes
-@subsubsection Lyrics independent of notes
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Lyrics independent of notes
@cindex Devnull context
@c this clarifies http://code.google.com/p/lilypond/issues/detail?id=248
-
-@node Chants
-@subsubsection Chants
-
-@c TODO Add text from lsr and -user
-TBC
-
@node Spacing out syllables
-@subsubsection Spacing out syllables
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Spacing out syllables
@cindex Spacing lyrics
@cindex Lyrics, increasing space between
@node Centering lyrics between staves
-@subsubsection Centering lyrics between staves
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Centering lyrics between staves
@c TODO Add text from -user
TBC
@node Adding stanza numbers
-@subsubsection Adding stanza numbers
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Adding stanza numbers
@cindex stanza number
These numbers are put just before the start of the first syllable.
@c TODO Create and add snippet to show how two lines of a
-@c stanza can be grouped together, along these lines:
+@c stanza can be grouped together, along these lines:
@c (might need improving a bit) -td
@ignore
}
\new Voice {
- \repeat volta 2 { c'8 c' c' c' c' c' c'4
- c'8 c' c' c' c' c' c'4 }
+ \repeat volta 2 { c'8 c' c' c' c' c' c'4
+ c'8 c' c' c' c' c' c'4 }
} \addlyrics { \stanzaOneOne }
\addlyrics { \stanzaOneThree }
@end ignore
@node Adding dynamics marks to stanzas
-@subsubsection Adding dynamics marks to stanzas
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Adding dynamics marks to stanzas
Stanzas differing in loudness may be indicated by putting a
dynamics mark before each stanza. In LilyPond, everything coming in
@end lilypond
@node Adding singers' names to stanzas
-@subsubsection Adding singers' names to stanzas
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Adding singers' names to stanzas
@cindex singer name
@cindex name of singer
@end lilypond
@node Stanzas with different rhythms
-@subsubsection Stanzas with different rhythms
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Stanzas with different rhythms
@subsubheading Ignoring melismata
voice ignore the melisma. This is done by setting
@code{ignoreMelismata} in the Lyrics context.
-There is one tricky aspect: the setting for @code{ignoreMelismata}
-must be set one syllable @emph{before} the non-melismatic syllable
-in the text, as shown here,
@c TODO: breaks compile
@c seems to be fixed, does not break compile anymore --FV
more slow -- ly
}
\new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" {
- \set ignoreMelismata = ##t % applies to "fas"
- go fas -- ter
+ go
+ \set ignoreMelismata = ##t
+ fas -- ter
\unset ignoreMelismata
still
}
@end lilypond
-The @code{ignoreMelismata} applies to the syllable @q{fas}, so it
-should be entered before @q{go}.
-
-
@subsubheading Switching to an alternative melody
More complex variations in text underlay are possible. It is possible
@node Printing stanzas at the end
-@subsubsection Printing stanzas at the end
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Printing stanzas at the end
Sometimes it is appropriate to have one stanza set
to the music, and the rest added in verse form at
@node Printing stanzas at the end in multiple columns
-@subsubsection Printing stanzas at the end in multiple columns
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Printing stanzas at the end in multiple columns
When a piece of music has many verses, they are often printed in
multiple columns across the page. An outdented verse number often
melody = \relative c' {
c c c c | d d d d
}
-
+
text = \lyricmode {
\set stanza = "1." This is verse one.
It has two lines.
\markup {
\fill-line {
- \hspace #0.1 % moves the column off the left margin;
+ \hspace #0.1 % moves the column off the left margin;
% can be removed if space on the page is tight
\column {
\line { \bold "2."
}
}
}
- \hspace #0.1 % adds horizontal spacing between columns;
- % if they are still too close, add more " " pairs
+ \hspace #0.1 % adds horizontal spacing between columns;
+ % if they are still too close, add more " " pairs
% until the result looks good
\column {
\line { \bold "4."
}
}
}
- \hspace #0.1 % gives some extra space on the right margin;
+ \hspace #0.1 % gives some extra space on the right margin;
% can be removed if page space is tight
}
}
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff