version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
@end ignore
-@c \version "2.11.61"
+@c \version "2.12.0"
@node Vocal music
@section Vocal music
that the lyrics will be aligned with the notes of their melody.
@menu
+* Common notation for vocal music::
* Entering lyrics::
* Aligning lyrics to a melody::
* Specific uses of lyrics::
* Stanzas::
@end menu
+
+@node Common notation for vocal music
+@subsection Common notation for vocal music
+
+This section discusses issues related to vocal music in general, and
+to some particular styles of vocal music.
+
+@menu
+* References for vocal music and lyrics::
+* Opera::
+* Song books::
+* Spoken music::
+* Chants::
+* Ancient vocal music::
+@end menu
+
+
+@node References for vocal music and lyrics
+@unnumberedsubsubsec References for vocal music and lyrics
+
+@c TODO: split this section in two parts? -vv
+
+Various issues may arise when engraving vocal music. Some of these
+are discussed in this section, while others are explained elsewhere:
+
+@itemize
+@item
+Most styles of vocal music use written text as lyrics. An introduction
+to this notation is to be found in @rlearning{Setting simple songs}.
+
+@item
+Vocal music is likely to require the use of @code{markup} mode, either
+for lyrics of for other text elements (character's names, etc.).
+This syntax is described in @ref{Text markup introduction}.
+
+@item
+Lead sheets may be printed by combining vocal parts and @q{chord mode};
+this syntax is explained in @ref{Chord notation}.
+
+@item
+@q{Ambitus} may be added at the beginning of vocal staves, as explained
+in @ref{Ambitus}.
+
+@item
+Vocal parts may be printed using traditional clefs, as shown in @ref{Clef}.
+
+@item
+Ancient vocal music is supported, as explained in @ref{Ancient notation}.
+@end itemize
+
+
+@node Opera
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Opera
+
+@c TODO
+TBC
+
+@c add characters names snippet -vv
+
+@node Song books
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Song books
+
+@c TODO
+TBC
+
+@snippets
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
+{simple-lead-sheet.ly}
+
+
+@seealso
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Chord notation}.
+
+
+@node Spoken music
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Spoken music
+@cindex parlato
+@cindex Sprechgesang
+Such effects as @q{parlato} or @q{Sprechgesang} require perfomers to speak
+without pitch but still with rhythm; these are notated by cross
+note heads, as demonstrated in @ref{Special note heads}.
+
+@c TODO add "marking-notes-on-spoken-parts" snippet -vv
+@c add "showing the rhythm of a melody" snip
+@c add "one staff-line notation"
+@c add "improvisation" ref
+@c add "lyrics independents of notes" ref
+
+@node Chants
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Chants
+
+@c TODO Add text from lsr and -user
+TBC
+
+@node Ancient vocal music
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Ancient vocal music
+
+@c TODO
+TBC
+
+@c Add "Printing both the ancient and the modern clef in vocal music" snippet,
+@c and "Transcription of Ancient music with incipit" snippet. -vv
+
+
+@seealso
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Ancient notation}.
+
+
@node Entering lyrics
@subsection Entering lyrics
* Lyrics explained::
* Setting simple songs::
* Working with lyrics and variables::
-* References for vocal music::
@end menu
@c FIXME: this section is to be rewritten.
Since LilyPond input files are text, there is at least one
-issue to consider when working with vocal music:
+issue to consider when working with vocal music:
song texts must be interpreted as text, not notes. For example, the
input@tie{}@code{d} should be interpreted as a one letter syllable,
not the note@tie{}D.
-Therefore, a special lyric mode has to be used, either explicitely
+Therefore, a special lyric mode has to be used, either explicitly
or using some abbreviated methods.
Lyrics are entered in a special input mode, which can be introduced
@seealso
-
Notation Reference:
@ref{Fonts}.
@rinternals{LyricSpace}.
+@c FIXME: this title has to be changed (possible confusion with LM) -vv
@node Setting simple songs
@unnumberedsubsubsec Setting simple songs
@end ignore
-@seealso
+@seealso
@c TODO: document \new Staff << Voice \lyricsto >> bug
Internals Reference:
@rinternals{LyricCombineMusic},
@rinternals{Lyrics}.
-@node References for vocal music
-@unnumberedsubsubsec References for vocal music
-
-TBC
-@c TODO Add @refs
-
-@c Nope -- this section is to be removed.
-@c With a vengeance :-) -vv
-
-@q{Parlato} is spoken without pitch but still with rhythm; it is
-notated by cross note heads. This is demonstrated in
-@ref{Special note heads}.
-
-
@node Aligning lyrics to a melody
@subsection Aligning lyrics to a melody
explicitly, using @code{\lyricmode}
@end itemize
+The @code{Voice} context containing the melody to which the lyrics
+are being aligned must not have @qq{died}, or the lyrics after that
+point will be lost. This can happen if there are periods when that
+voice has nothing to do. For methods of keeping contexts alive, see
+@ref{Keeping contexts alive}.
+
+
@menu
* Automatic syllable durations::
* Manual syllable durations::
c4 b8. a16 g4. f8 e4 d c2
}
-% not recommended: left aligns syllables
+% not recommended: left aligns syllables
\new Lyrics \lyricmode { Joy4 to8. the16 world!4. the8 Lord4 is come.2 }
% wrong: durations needed
} >>
@end lilypond
+
@seealso
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Keeping contexts alive}.
Internals Reference:
@rinternals{Lyrics}.
\addlyrics { pu- ro~y~ho- nes- to }
@end lilypond
-@seealso
+@seealso
Internals Reference:
@rinternals{LyricCombineMusic}.
@c it might be better to present it first - vv
You can define melismata entirely in the lyrics, by entering @code{_}
-for every extra note that has to be added to the the melisma.
+for every extra note that has to be added to the melisma.
@c FIXME: clarify: __ is used to crate a lyric extender,
@c _ is used to add a note to a melisma, so both __ and _ are needed.
@predefined
-
-@code{\melisma}, @code{\melismaEnd}
-@funindex \melismaEnd
@funindex \melisma
+@code{\melisma},
+@funindex \melismaEnd
+@code{\melismaEnd}.
+@endpredefined
-@seealso
+@seealso
@c @lsr{vocal,lyric@/-combine.ly}.
+
@knownissues
Melismata are not detected automatically, and extender lines must be
@unnumberedsubsubsec Skipping notes
Making a lyric line run slower than the melody can be achieved by
-inserting @code{\skip}s into the lyrics. For every @code{\skip},
+inserting @code{\skip}s into the lyrics. For every @code{\skip},
the text will be delayed another note. The @code{\skip} command
must be followed by a valid duration, but this is ignored when
@code{\skip} is used in lyrics.
distance between two syllables) and the @code{minimum-length}
(threshold below which hyphens are removed).
-@seealso
+@seealso
Internals Reference:
@rinternals{LyricExtender},
@rinternals{LyricHyphen}
+
@node Lyrics and repeats
@unnumberedsubsubsec Lyrics and repeats
@menu
* Divisi lyrics::
* Lyrics independent of notes::
-* Chants::
* Spacing out syllables::
* Centering lyrics between staves::
@end menu
@c this clarifies http://code.google.com/p/lilypond/issues/detail?id=248
-
-@node Chants
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Chants
-
-@c TODO Add text from lsr and -user
-TBC
-
@node Spacing out syllables
@unnumberedsubsubsec Spacing out syllables
@subsection Stanzas
@menu
-* Adding stanza numbers ::
+* Adding stanza numbers::
* Adding dynamics marks to stanzas::
* Adding singers' names to stanzas::
* Stanzas with different rhythms::
-* Printing stanzas at the end ::
-* Printing stanzas at the end in multiple columns ::
+* Printing stanzas at the end::
+* Printing stanzas at the end in multiple columns::
@end menu
\new Voice {
\time 3/4 g2 e4 a2 f4 g2.
} \addlyrics {
- \set stanza = "1. "
+ \set stanza = #"1. "
Hi, my name is Bert.
} \addlyrics {
- \set stanza = "2. "
+ \set stanza = #"2. "
Oh, ché -- ri, je t'aime
}
@end lilypond
These numbers are put just before the start of the first syllable.
@c TODO Create and add snippet to show how two lines of a
-@c stanza can be grouped together, along these lines:
+@c stanza can be grouped together, along these lines:
@c (might need improving a bit) -td
@ignore
}
\new Voice {
- \repeat volta 2 { c'8 c' c' c' c' c' c'4
- c'8 c' c' c' c' c' c'4 }
+ \repeat volta 2 { c'8 c' c' c' c' c' c'4
+ c'8 c' c' c' c' c' c'4 }
} \addlyrics { \stanzaOneOne }
\addlyrics { \stanzaOneThree }
\new Voice {
\time 3/4 g2 e4 a2 f4 g2.
} \addlyrics {
- \set vocalName = "Bert "
+ \set vocalName = #"Bert "
Hi, my name is Bert.
} \addlyrics {
- \set vocalName = "Ernie "
+ \set vocalName = #"Ernie "
Oh, ché -- ri, je t'aime
}
@end lilypond
voice ignore the melisma. This is done by setting
@code{ignoreMelismata} in the Lyrics context.
-There is one tricky aspect: the setting for @code{ignoreMelismata}
-must be set one syllable @emph{before} the non-melismatic syllable
-in the text, as shown here,
-
-@c TODO: breaks compile
-@c seems to be fixed, does not break compile anymore --FV
@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
<<
\relative c' \new Voice = "lahlah" {
more slow -- ly
}
\new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" {
- \set ignoreMelismata = ##t % applies to "fas"
- go fas -- ter
+ go
+ \set ignoreMelismata = ##t
+ fas -- ter
\unset ignoreMelismata
still
}
>>
@end lilypond
-
-The @code{ignoreMelismata} applies to the syllable @q{fas}, so it
-should be entered before @q{go}.
-
+@knownissues
+Unlike most @code{\set} commands, @code{\set ignoreMelismata} does
+not work if prefixed with @code{\once}. It is necessary to use
+@code{\set} and @code{\unset} to bracket the lyrics where melismata
+are to be ignored.
@subsubheading Switching to an alternative melody
}
text = \lyricmode {
-\set stanza = "1." Ma- ry had a lit- tle lamb,
+\set stanza = #"1." Ma- ry had a lit- tle lamb,
its fleece was white as snow.
}
melody = \relative c' {
c c c c | d d d d
}
-
+
text = \lyricmode {
- \set stanza = "1." This is verse one.
+ \set stanza = #"1." This is verse one.
It has two lines.
}
\markup {
\fill-line {
- \hspace #0.1 % moves the column off the left margin;
+ \hspace #0.1 % moves the column off the left margin;
% can be removed if space on the page is tight
\column {
\line { \bold "2."
}
}
}
- \hspace #0.1 % adds horizontal spacing between columns;
- % if they are still too close, add more " " pairs
+ \hspace #0.1 % adds horizontal spacing between columns;
+ % if they are still too close, add more " " pairs
% until the result looks good
\column {
\line { \bold "4."
}
}
}
- \hspace #0.1 % gives some extra space on the right margin;
+ \hspace #0.1 % gives some extra space on the right margin;
% can be removed if page space is tight
}
}
@seealso
-
Internals Reference:
@rinternals{LyricText},
@rinternals{StanzaNumber}.
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff