+++ /dev/null
-@c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
-@ignore
- Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
-
- When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the
- version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
-@end ignore
-
-@c \version "2.12.0"
-
-@node Vocal music
-@section Vocal music
-
-@c TODO: inspirational headword
-
-This section explains how to typeset vocal music, and make sure
-that the lyrics will be aligned with the notes of their melody.
-
-@menu
-* Common notation for vocal music::
-* Entering lyrics::
-* Aligning lyrics to a melody::
-* Specific uses of lyrics::
-* Stanzas::
-@end menu
-
-
-@node Common notation for vocal music
-@subsection Common notation for vocal music
-
-This section discusses issues related to vocal music in general, and
-to some particular styles of vocal music.
-
-@menu
-* References for vocal music and lyrics::
-* Opera::
-* Song books::
-* Spoken music::
-* Chants::
-* Ancient vocal music::
-@end menu
-
-
-@node References for vocal music and lyrics
-@unnumberedsubsubsec References for vocal music and lyrics
-
-@c TODO: split this section in two parts? -vv
-
-Various issues may arise when engraving vocal music. Some of these
-are discussed in this section, while others are explained elsewhere:
-
-@itemize
-@item
-Most styles of vocal music use written text as lyrics. An introduction
-to this notation is to be found in @rlearning{Setting simple songs}.
-
-@item
-Vocal music is likely to require the use of @code{markup} mode, either
-for lyrics of for other text elements (character's names, etc.).
-This syntax is described in @ref{Text markup introduction}.
-
-@item
-Lead sheets may be printed by combining vocal parts and @q{chord mode};
-this syntax is explained in @ref{Chord notation}.
-
-@item
-@q{Ambitus} may be added at the beginning of vocal staves, as explained
-in @ref{Ambitus}.
-
-@item
-Vocal parts may be printed using traditional clefs, as shown in @ref{Clef}.
-
-@item
-Ancient vocal music is supported, as explained in @ref{Ancient notation}.
-@end itemize
-
-
-@node Opera
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Opera
-
-@c TODO
-TBC
-
-@c add characters names snippet -vv
-
-@node Song books
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Song books
-
-@c TODO
-TBC
-
-@snippets
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
-{simple-lead-sheet.ly}
-
-
-@seealso
-Notation Reference:
-@ref{Chord notation}.
-
-
-@node Spoken music
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Spoken music
-@cindex parlato
-@cindex Sprechgesang
-Such effects as @q{parlato} or @q{Sprechgesang} require perfomers to speak
-without pitch but still with rhythm; these are notated by cross
-note heads, as demonstrated in @ref{Special note heads}.
-
-@c TODO add "marking-notes-on-spoken-parts" snippet -vv
-@c add "showing the rhythm of a melody" snip
-@c add "one staff-line notation"
-@c add "improvisation" ref
-@c add "lyrics independents of notes" ref
-
-@node Chants
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Chants
-
-@c TODO Add text from lsr and -user
-TBC
-
-@node Ancient vocal music
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Ancient vocal music
-
-@c TODO
-TBC
-
-@c Add "Printing both the ancient and the modern clef in vocal music" snippet,
-@c and "Transcription of Ancient music with incipit" snippet. -vv
-
-
-@seealso
-Notation Reference:
-@ref{Ancient notation}.
-
-
-@node Entering lyrics
-@subsection Entering lyrics
-
-@c TODO add one sentence here. -vv
-
-@menu
-* Lyrics explained::
-* Setting simple songs::
-* Working with lyrics and variables::
-@end menu
-
-
-@node Lyrics explained
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Lyrics explained
-
-@cindex lyrics
-@funindex \lyricmode
-@cindex punctuation
-@cindex spaces, in lyrics
-@cindex quotes, in lyrics
-
-@c FIXME: this section is to be rewritten.
-Since LilyPond input files are text, there is at least one
-issue to consider when working with vocal music:
-song texts must be interpreted as text, not notes. For example, the
-input@tie{}@code{d} should be interpreted as a one letter syllable,
-not the note@tie{}D.
-Therefore, a special lyric mode has to be used, either explicitely
-or using some abbreviated methods.
-
-Lyrics are entered in a special input mode, which can be introduced
-by the keyword @code{\lyricmode}, or by using @code{\addlyrics} or
-@code{\lyricsto}. In this mode you can enter lyrics,
-with punctuation and accents, and the input @code{d} is not parsed as
-a pitch, but rather as a one letter syllable. Syllables are entered
-like notes, but with pitches replaced by text. For example,
-
-@example
-\lyricmode @{ Twin-4 kle4 twin- kle litt- le star2 @}
-@end example
-
-There are two main methods to specify the horizontal placement
-of the syllables, either by specifying the duration of each syllable
-explicitly, like in the example above, or by automatically aligning
-the lyrics to a melody or other voice of music, using @code{\addlyrics}
-or @code{\lyricsto}.
-@c TODO: broken
-@c For more details see @ref{The Lyrics context}.
-
-A word or syllable of lyrics begins with an alphabetic character, and ends
-with
-any space or digit. The following characters can be any character
-that is not a digit or white space.
-
-Any character that is not a digit or white space will be regarded as
-part of the syllable; one important consequence of this is that a word
-can end with @code{@}}, which often leads to the following mistake:
-
-@example
-\lyricmode @{ lah- lah@}
-@end example
-
-In this example, the @code{@}} is included in the final syllable, so the
-opening brace is not balanced and the input file will probably not
-compile.
-
-
-@funindex \property in \lyricmode
-
-@noindent
-Similarly, a period which follows an alphabetic sequence is included in
-the resulting string. As a consequence, spaces must be inserted around
-property commands: do @emph{not} write
-
-@example
-\override Score.LyricText #'font-shape = #'italic
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-but instead use
-
-@example
-\override Score . LyricText #'font-shape = #'italic
-@end example
-
-@funindex _
-@cindex spaces, in lyrics
-@cindex quotes, in lyrics
-@cindex ties, in lyrics
-
-In order to assign more than one syllable to a single note, you can
-surround them with quotes or use a @code{_} character, to get spaces
-between syllables, or use tilde symbol (@code{~}) to get a lyric tie.
-
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
-\time 3/4
-\relative c' { c2 e4 g2 e4 }
-\addlyrics { gran- de_a- mi- go }
-\addlyrics { pu- "ro y ho-" nes- to }
-\addlyrics { pu- ro~y~ho- nes- to }
-@end lilypond
-
-@noindent
-The lyric tie is implemented with the Unicode character
-@code{U+203F}; therefore a font that includes this glyph
-(such as DejaVuLGC) has to be used. More explanations about
-text and non-text fonts can be found in @ref{Fonts}.
-
-
-To enter lyrics with characters from non-English languages, or with
-accented and special characters (such as the heart symbol or slanted quotes),
-simply insert the characters directly into the input file and save
-it with UTF-8 encoding. See @ref{Text encoding}, for more info.
-
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
-\relative c' { e4 f e d e f e2 }
-\addlyrics { He said: “Let my peo ple go”. }
-@end lilypond
-
-To use normal quotes in lyrics, add a backslash before the
-quotes. For example,
-
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
-\relative c' { \time 3/4 e4 e4. e8 d4 e d c2. }
-\addlyrics { "\"I" am so lone- "ly\"" said she }
-@end lilypond
-
-The full definition of a word start in Lyrics mode is somewhat more
-complex.
-
-A word in Lyrics mode begins with: an alphabetic character, @code{_},
-@code{?}, @code{!}, @code{:}, @code{'}, the control characters @code{^A}
-through @code{^F}, @code{^Q} through @code{^W}, @code{^Y}, @code{^^},
-any 8-bit character with ASCII code over 127, or a two-character
-combination of a backslash followed by one of @code{`}, @code{'},
-@code{"}, or @code{^}.
-
-@c " to balance double quotes for not-so-bright context-sensitive editors
-
-To define variables containing lyrics, the function @code{lyricmode}
-must be used.
-
-@example
-verseOne = \lyricmode @{ Joy to the world the Lord is come @}
-\score @{
- <<
- \new Voice = "one" \relative c'' @{
- \autoBeamOff
- \time 2/4
- c4 b8. a16 g4. f8 e4 d c2
- @}
- \addlyrics @{ \verseOne @}
- >>
-@}
-@end example
-
-
-@seealso
-Notation Reference:
-@ref{Fonts}.
-
-Internals Reference:
-@rinternals{LyricText},
-@rinternals{LyricSpace}.
-
-
-@c FIXME: this title has to be changed (possible confusion with LM) -vv
-@node Setting simple songs
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Setting simple songs
-
-@cindex \addlyrics
-
-The easiest way to add lyrics to a melody is to append
-
-@example
-\addlyrics @{ @var{the lyrics} @}
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-to a melody. Here is an example,
-
-@lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,quote]
-\time 3/4
-\relative c' { c2 e4 g2. }
-\addlyrics { play the game }
-@end lilypond
-
-More stanzas can be added by adding more
-@code{\addlyrics} sections
-
-@lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,quote]
-\time 3/4
-\relative c' { c2 e4 g2. }
-\addlyrics { play the game }
-\addlyrics { speel het spel }
-\addlyrics { joue le jeu }
-@end lilypond
-
-The command @code{\addlyrics} cannot handle polyphony settings. For these
-cases you should use @code{\lyricsto} and @code{\lyricmode}, as will be
-introduced in @ref{Lyrics explained}.
-
-@c TODO: one additional section may be needed here,
-@c such as "advanced lyric syntax" or whatever -vv
-
-@node Working with lyrics and variables
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Working with lyrics and variables
-
-@cindex lyrics, variables
-
-To define variables containing lyrics, the function @code{\lyricmode}
-must be used. You do not have to enter durations though, if you add
-@code{\addlyrics} or @code{\lyricsto}
-when invoking your variable.
-
-@example
-verseOne = \lyricmode @{ Joy to the world the Lord is come @}
-\score @{
- <<
- \new Voice = "one" \relative c'' @{
- \autoBeamOff
- \time 2/4
- c4 b8. a16 g4. f8 e4 d c2
- @}
- \addlyrics @{ \verseOne @}
- >>
-@}
-@end example
-
-For different or more complex orderings, the best way is to setup the
-hierarchy of staves and lyrics first, e.g.,
-@example
-\new ChoirStaff <<
- \new Voice = "soprano" @{ @emph{music} @}
- \new Lyrics = "sopranoLyrics" @{ s1 @}
- \new Lyrics = "tenorLyrics" @{ s1 @}
- \new Voice = "tenor" @{ @emph{music} @}
->>
-@end example
-
-and then combine the appropriate melodies and lyric lines
-
-@example
-\context Lyrics = sopranoLyrics \lyricsto "soprano"
-@emph{the lyrics}
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-
-The final input would resemble
-
-@example
-<<\new ChoirStaff << @emph{setup the music} >>
- \lyricsto "soprano" @emph{etc}
- \lyricsto "alto" @emph{etc}
-@emph{etc}
->>
-@end example
-
-@ignore
-@c FIXME
-http://code.google.com/p/lilypond/issues/detail?id=329
-The problem cannot be reproduced.
-The following has no sense, because the issue seems to be fixed.
-A comment is in tracker waiting for response ---FV
-
-
-Be careful when defining a variable with lyrics that creates a new
-context, for example, using the deprecated @code{\lyrics} command. See
-the next erroneous example:
-
-@example
-words = \lyrics{ %warning: this creates a new context
- one two
-}
-<<
- \new Voice = "sop" { c1 }
- \new Lyrics \lyricsto "sop" { \words }
- \new Voice = "alt" { c2 c }
- \new Lyrics \lyricsto "alt" { \words }
->>
-@end example
-
-the problem is that \lyricsto will try to connect the "sop" melody with the context
-created by "\new Lyrics".
-
-Then \lyrics in \words creates another context, and the original "\new Lyrics" one
-remains empty.
-
-@end ignore
-
-
-@seealso
-@c TODO: document \new Staff << Voice \lyricsto >> bug
-Internals Reference:
-@rinternals{LyricCombineMusic},
-@rinternals{Lyrics}.
-
-
-@node Aligning lyrics to a melody
-@subsection Aligning lyrics to a melody
-
-@funindex \lyricmode
-@funindex \addlyrics
-@funindex \lyricsto
-
-@c FIXME: this stuff is to be rewritten. -vv
-
-Aligning of text with melodies can be made automatically, but if you
-specify the durations of the syllables it can also be made manually.
-Lyrics aligning and typesetting are prepared with the help of skips,
-hyphens and extender lines.
-
-Lyrics are printed by interpreting them in the context called
-@rinternals{Lyrics}.
-
-@example
-\new Lyrics \lyricmode @dots{}
-@end example
-
-There are two main methods to specify the horizontal placement
-of the syllables:
-
-@itemize
-@item
-by automatically aligning
-the lyrics to a melody or other voice of music, using @code{\addlyrics}
-or @code{\lyricsto}.
-
-@item
-or by specifying the duration of each syllable
-explicitly, using @code{\lyricmode}
-@end itemize
-
-@menu
-* Automatic syllable durations::
-* Manual syllable durations::
-* Multiple syllables to one note::
-* Multiple notes to one syllable::
-* Skipping notes::
-* Extenders and hyphens::
-* Lyrics and repeats::
-@end menu
-
-@node Automatic syllable durations
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Automatic syllable durations
-
-@cindex automatic syllable durations
-@cindex lyrics and melodies
-
-The lyrics can be aligned under a given melody
-automatically. This is achieved by combining the
-melody and the lyrics with the @code{\lyricsto} expression
-
-@example
-\new Lyrics \lyricsto @var{name} @dots{}
-@end example
-
-This aligns the lyrics to the
-notes of the @rinternals{Voice} context called @var{name}, which must
-already exist. Therefore normally the @code{Voice} is specified first, and
-then the lyrics are specified with @code{\lyricsto}. The command
-@code{\lyricsto} switches to @code{\lyricmode} mode automatically, so the
-@code{\lyricmode} keyword may be omitted.
-
-The following example uses different commands for entering lyrics.
-
-@lilypond[quote,fragment,ragged-right,verbatim]
-<<
- \new Voice = "one" \relative c'' {
- \autoBeamOff
- \time 2/4
- c4 b8. a16 g4. f8 e4 d c2
- }
-
-% not recommended: left aligns syllables
- \new Lyrics \lyricmode { Joy4 to8. the16 world!4. the8 Lord4 is come.2 }
-
-% wrong: durations needed
- \new Lyrics \lyricmode { Joy to the earth! the Sa -- viour reigns. }
-
-%correct
- \new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" { No more let sins and sor -- rows grow. }
->>
-@end lilypond
-
-The second stanza is not properly aligned because the durations
-were not specified. A solution for that would be to use @code{\lyricsto}.
-
-The @code{\addlyrics} command is actually just a convenient way
-to write a more complicated LilyPond structure that sets up the
-lyrics.
-
-@example
-@{ MUSIC @}
-\addlyrics @{ LYRICS @}
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-is the same as
-
-@example
-\new Voice = "blah" @{ music @}
-\new Lyrics \lyricsto "blah" @{ LYRICS @}
-@end example
-
-@node Manual syllable durations
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Manual syllable durations
-
-Lyrics can also be entered without @code{\addlyrics} or
-@code{\lyricsto}. In this case,
-syllables are entered like notes -- but with pitches replaced by text -- and the
-duration of each syllable must be entered explicitly. For example:
-
-@example
-play2 the4 game2.
-sink2 or4 swim2.
-@end example
-
-The alignment to a melody can be specified with the
-@code{associatedVoice} property,
-
-@example
-\set associatedVoice = #"lala"
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-The value of the property (here: @code{"lala"}) should be the name of
-a @rinternals{Voice} context. Without this setting, extender lines
-will not be formatted properly.
-
-Here is an example demonstrating manual lyric durations,
-
-@lilypond[relative=1,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,quote]
-<< \new Voice = "melody" {
- \time 3/4
- c2 e4 g2.
- }
- \new Lyrics \lyricmode {
- \set associatedVoice = #"melody"
- play2 the4 game2.
- } >>
-@end lilypond
-
-
-@seealso
-Internals Reference:
-@rinternals{Lyrics}.
-
-
-@node Multiple syllables to one note
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Multiple syllables to one note
-
-
-@funindex _
-@cindex ties, in lyrics
-
-In order to assign more than one syllable to a single note, you can
-surround them with quotes or use a @code{_} character, to get spaces
-between syllables, or use tilde symbol (@code{~}) to get a lyric
-tie@footnote{The lyric ties is implemented with the Unicode character
-U+203F, so be
-sure to have a font (Like DejaVuLGC) installed that includes this
-glyph.}.
-
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
-\time 3/4
-\relative c' { c2 e4 g2 e4 }
-\addlyrics { gran- de_a- mi- go }
-\addlyrics { pu- "ro y ho-" nes- to }
-\addlyrics { pu- ro~y~ho- nes- to }
-@end lilypond
-
-
-@seealso
-Internals Reference:
-@rinternals{LyricCombineMusic}.
-
-@c Here come the section which used to be "Melismata"
-@c the new title might be more self-explanatory
-
-
-@node Multiple notes to one syllable
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Multiple notes to one syllable
-
-@cindex melisma
-@cindex melismata
-@cindex phrasing, in lyrics
-
-Sometimes, particularly in Medieval music, several notes are to be sung on one
-single syllable; such vocalises are called melismas, or melismata.
-
-@c this method seems to be the simplest; therefore
-@c it might be better to present it first - vv
-
-You can define melismata entirely in the lyrics, by entering @code{_}
-for every extra note that has to be added to the melisma.
-
-@c FIXME: clarify: __ is used to crate a lyric extender,
-@c _ is used to add a note to a melisma, so both __ and _ are needed.
-
-@c verbose! --FV
-@c duplicated: TODO fix
-Additionaly, you can make an extender line to be typeset to indicate
-the melisma in the score, writing a double underscore next to the
-first syllable of the melisma. This example shows the three elements
-that are used for this purpose (all of them surrounded by spaces):
-double hyphens to separate syllables in a word, underscores to add
-notes to a melisma, and a double underscore to put an extender line.
-
-@c wrong: extender line only on last syllable of a word. Change example
-@lilypond[relative=1,verbatim,fragment,quote]
-{ \set melismaBusyProperties = #'()
- c d( e) f f( e) e e }
-\addlyrics
- { Ky -- _ _ ri __ _ _ _ e }
-@end lilypond
-
-In this case, you can also have ties and slurs in the melody if you
-set @code{melismaBusyProperties}, as is done in the example above.
-
-However, the @code{\lyricsto} command can also
-detect melismata automatically: it only puts one
-syllable under a tied or slurred group of notes. If you want to force
-an unslurred group of notes to be a melisma, insert @code{\melisma}
-after the first note of the group, and @code{\melismaEnd} after the
-last one, e.g.,
-
-@lilypond[quote,relative=2,ragged-right,fragment,verbatim]
-<<
- \new Voice = "lala" {
- \time 3/4
- f4 g8
- \melisma
- f e f
- \melismaEnd
- e2
- }
- \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lala" {
- la di __ daah
- }
->>
-@end lilypond
-
-In addition, notes are considered a melisma if they are manually
-beamed, and automatic beaming (see @ref{Setting automatic beam
-behavior}) is switched off.
-
-@c FIXME: this now links to LM -vv
-
-@cindex SATB
-@cindex choral score
-
-A complete example of a SATB score setup is in section
-@rlearning{Vocal ensembles}.
-
-
-@predefined
-@funindex \melisma
-@code{\melisma},
-@funindex \melismaEnd
-@code{\melismaEnd}.
-@endpredefined
-
-
-@seealso
-@c @lsr{vocal,lyric@/-combine.ly}.
-
-
-@knownissues
-
-Melismata are not detected automatically, and extender lines must be
-inserted by hand.
-
-@node Skipping notes
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Skipping notes
-
-Making a lyric line run slower than the melody can be achieved by
-inserting @code{\skip}s into the lyrics. For every @code{\skip},
-the text will be delayed another note. The @code{\skip} command
-must be followed by a valid duration, but this is ignored when
-@code{\skip} is used in lyrics.
-
-For example,
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
-\relative c' { c c g' }
-\addlyrics {
- twin -- \skip 4
- kle
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-
-@node Extenders and hyphens
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Extenders and hyphens
-
-@cindex melisma
-@cindex extender
-
-@c leave this as samp. -gp
-In the last syllable of a word, melismata are sometimes indicated with
-a long horizontal line starting in the melisma syllable, and ending in
-the next one. Such a line is called an extender line, and it is
-entered as @samp{ __ } (note the spaces before and after the two
-underscore characters).
-
-@warning{Melismata are indicated in the score with extender lines,
-which are entered as one double underscore; but short melismata can
-also be entered by skipping individual notes, which are entered as
-single underscore characters; these do not make an extender line to be
-typeset by default.}
-
-@cindex hyphens
-
-@c leave this as samp. -gp
-Centered hyphens are entered as @samp{ -- } between syllables of a same word
-(note the spaces before and after the two hyphen characters). The hyphen
-will be centered between the syllables, and its length will be adjusted
-depending on the space between the syllables.
-
-In tightly engraved music, hyphens can be removed. Whether this
-happens can be controlled with the @code{minimum-distance} (minimum
-distance between two syllables) and the @code{minimum-length}
-(threshold below which hyphens are removed).
-
-
-@seealso
-Internals Reference:
-@rinternals{LyricExtender},
-@rinternals{LyricHyphen}
-
-
-@node Lyrics and repeats
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Lyrics and repeats
-
-@c TODO New section. Add text
-TBC
-
-
-@node Specific uses of lyrics
-@subsection Specific uses of lyrics
-
-@c FIXME This whole section is to be reorganized. -vv
-
-Often, different stanzas of one song are put to one melody in slightly
-differing ways. Such variations can still be captured with
-@code{\lyricsto}.
-
-@menu
-* Divisi lyrics::
-* Lyrics independent of notes::
-* Spacing out syllables::
-* Centering lyrics between staves::
-@end menu
-
-
-
-@node Divisi lyrics
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Divisi lyrics
-
-You can display alternate (or divisi) lyrics by naming voice
-contexts and attaching lyrics to those specific contexts.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
-\score{ <<
- \new Voice = "melody" {
- \relative c' {
- c4
- <<
- { \voiceOne c8 e }
- \new Voice = "splitpart" { \voiceTwo c4 }
- >>
- \oneVoice c4 c | c
- }
- }
- \new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" { we shall not o- ver- come }
- \new Lyrics \lyricsto "splitpart" { will }
->> }
-@end lilypond
-
-
-You can use this trick to display different lyrics for a repeated
-section.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
-\score{ <<
- \new Voice = "melody" \relative c' {
- c2 e | g e | c1 |
- \new Voice = "verse" \repeat volta 2 {c4 d e f | g1 | }
- a2 b | c1}
- \new Lyrics = "mainlyrics" \lyricsto melody \lyricmode {
- do mi sol mi do
- la si do }
- \context Lyrics = "mainlyrics" \lyricsto verse \lyricmode {
- do re mi fa sol }
- \new Lyrics = "repeatlyrics" \lyricsto verse \lyricmode {
- dodo rere mimi fafa solsol }
->>
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-
-
-@node Lyrics independent of notes
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Lyrics independent of notes
-
-@cindex Devnull context
-
-In some complex vocal music, it may be desirable to place
-lyrics completely independently of notes. Music defined
-inside @code{lyricrhythm} disappears into the
-@code{Devnull} context, but the rhythms can still be used
-to place the lyrics.
-
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
-voice = {
- c''2
- \tag #'music { c''2 }
- \tag #'lyricrhythm { c''4. c''8 }
- d''1
-}
-
-lyr = \lyricmode { I like my cat! }
-
-<<
- \new Staff \keepWithTag #'music \voice
- \new Devnull="nowhere" \keepWithTag #'lyricrhythm \voice
- \new Lyrics \lyricsto "nowhere" \lyr
- \new Staff { c'8 c' c' c' c' c' c' c'
- c' c' c' c' c' c' c' c' }
->>
-@end lilypond
-
-This method is recommended only if the music in the @code{Devnull}
-context does not contain melismata. Melismata are defined by the
-@code{Voice} context. Connecting lyrics to a @code{Devnull} context
-makes the voice/lyrics links to get lost, and so does the info on
-melismata. Therefore, if you link lyrics to a @code{Devnull} context,
-the implicit melismata get ignored.
-
-@c Conclusion: do not use devnull for lyrics -FV
-
-@c this clarifies http://code.google.com/p/lilypond/issues/detail?id=248
-
-@node Spacing out syllables
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Spacing out syllables
-
-@cindex Spacing lyrics
-@cindex Lyrics, increasing space between
-
-To increase the spacing between lyrics, set the minimum-distance property of
-LyricSpace.
-
-@lilypond[relative,verbatim,fragment,quote,ragged-right]
-{
- c c c c
- \override Lyrics.LyricSpace #'minimum-distance = #1.0
- c c c c
-}
-\addlyrics {
- longtext longtext longtext longtext
- longtext longtext longtext longtext
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-To make this change for all lyrics in the score, set the property in the
-layout.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
-\score {
- \relative c' {
- c c c c
- c c c c
- }
- \addlyrics {
- longtext longtext longtext longtext
- longtext longtext longtext longtext
- }
- \layout {
- \context {
- \Lyrics
- \override LyricSpace #'minimum-distance = #1.0
- }
- }
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-@c @snippets
-@c This snippet has been renamed to "lyrics-alignment.ly"
-@c update as soon as lsr/is updated -vv
-@c @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
-@c {lyrics-alignment.ly}
-
-@c TODO: move to LSR -vv
-@snippets
-
-Checking to make sure that text scripts and lyrics are within the margins is
-a relatively large computational task. To speed up processing, LilyPond does
-not perform such calculations by default; to enable it, use
-
-@example
-\override Score.PaperColumn #'keep-inside-line = ##t
-@end example
-
-To make lyrics avoid bar lines as well, use
-
-@example
-\layout @{
- \context @{
- \Lyrics
- \consists "Bar_engraver"
- \consists "Separating_line_group_engraver"
- \override BarLine #'transparent = ##t
- @}
-@}
-@end example
-
-@c TODO Create and add lsr example of lyricMelismaAlignment
-@c It's used like this to center-align all lyric syllables,
-@c even when notes are tied. -td
-
-@ignore
-\layout
-{
- \context { \Score lyricMelismaAlignment = #0 }
-}
-@end ignore
-
-
-@node Centering lyrics between staves
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Centering lyrics between staves
-
-@c TODO Add text from -user
-TBC
-
-@node Stanzas
-@subsection Stanzas
-
-@menu
-* Adding stanza numbers::
-* Adding dynamics marks to stanzas::
-* Adding singers' names to stanzas::
-* Stanzas with different rhythms::
-* Printing stanzas at the end::
-* Printing stanzas at the end in multiple columns::
-@end menu
-
-
-@node Adding stanza numbers
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Adding stanza numbers
-
-@cindex stanza number
-
-Stanza numbers can be added by setting @code{stanza}, e.g.,
-
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,relative=2,fragment]
-\new Voice {
- \time 3/4 g2 e4 a2 f4 g2.
-} \addlyrics {
- \set stanza = #"1. "
- Hi, my name is Bert.
-} \addlyrics {
- \set stanza = #"2. "
- Oh, ché -- ri, je t'aime
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-
-@noindent
-These numbers are put just before the start of the first syllable.
-
-@c TODO Create and add snippet to show how two lines of a
-@c stanza can be grouped together, along these lines:
-@c (might need improving a bit) -td
-
-@ignore
-leftbrace = \markup { \override #'(font-encoding . fetaBraces) \lookup
-#"brace105" }
-
-stanzaOneOne = {
- \set stanza = \markup { "1. " \leftbrace }
- \lyricmode { Child, you're mine and I love you.
- Lend thine ear to what I say.
-
- }
-}
-
-stanzaOneThree = {
-% \set stanza = \markup { " "}
- \lyricmode { Child, I have no great -- er joy
- Than to have you walk in truth.
-
- }
-}
-
-\new Voice {
- \repeat volta 2 { c'8 c' c' c' c' c' c'4
- c'8 c' c' c' c' c' c'4 }
-} \addlyrics { \stanzaOneOne }
- \addlyrics { \stanzaOneThree }
-
-@end ignore
-
-@node Adding dynamics marks to stanzas
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Adding dynamics marks to stanzas
-
-Stanzas differing in loudness may be indicated by putting a
-dynamics mark before each stanza. In LilyPond, everything coming in
-front of a stanza goes into the @code{StanzaNumber} object; dynamics marks
-are no different. For technical reasons, you have to set the stanza
-outside @code{\lyricmode}:
-
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-text = {
- \set stanza = \markup { \dynamic "ff" "1. " }
- \lyricmode {
- Big bang
- }
-}
-
-<<
- \new Voice = "tune" {
- \time 3/4
- g'4 c'2
- }
-\new Lyrics \lyricsto "tune" \text
->>
-@end lilypond
-
-@node Adding singers' names to stanzas
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Adding singers' names to stanzas
-
-@cindex singer name
-@cindex name of singer
-
-Names of singers can also be added. They are printed at the start of
-the line, just like instrument names. They are created by setting
-@code{vocalName}. A short version may be entered as @code{shortVocalName}.
-
-@lilypond[fragment,ragged-right,quote,verbatim,relative=2]
-\new Voice {
- \time 3/4 g2 e4 a2 f4 g2.
-} \addlyrics {
- \set vocalName = #"Bert "
- Hi, my name is Bert.
-} \addlyrics {
- \set vocalName = #"Ernie "
- Oh, ché -- ri, je t'aime
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-@node Stanzas with different rhythms
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Stanzas with different rhythms
-
-@subsubheading Ignoring melismata
-
-One possibility is that the text has a melisma in one stanza, but
-multiple syllables in another one. One solution is to make the faster
-voice ignore the melisma. This is done by setting
-@code{ignoreMelismata} in the Lyrics context.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
-<<
- \relative c' \new Voice = "lahlah" {
- \set Staff.autoBeaming = ##f
- c4
- \slurDotted
- f8.[( g16])
- a4
- }
- \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" {
- more slow -- ly
- }
- \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" {
- go
- \set ignoreMelismata = ##t
- fas -- ter
- \unset ignoreMelismata
- still
- }
->>
-@end lilypond
-
-@knownissues
-Unlike most @code{\set} commands, @code{\set ignoreMelismata} does
-not work if prefixed with @code{\once}. It is necessary to use
-@code{\set} and @code{\unset} to bracket the lyrics where melismata
-are to be ignored.
-
-@subsubheading Switching to an alternative melody
-
-More complex variations in text underlay are possible. It is possible
-to switch the melody for a line of lyrics during the text. This is
-done by setting the @code{associatedVoice} property. In the example
-
-@lilypond[ragged-right,quote]
-<<
- \relative c' \new Voice = "lahlah" {
- \set Staff.autoBeaming = ##f
- c4
- <<
- \new Voice = "alternative" {
- \voiceOne
- \times 2/3 {
- % show associations clearly.
- \override NoteColumn #'force-hshift = #-3
- f8 f g
- }
- }
- {
- \voiceTwo
- f8.[ g16]
- \oneVoice
- } >>
- a8( b) c
- }
- \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" {
- Ju -- ras -- sic Park
- }
- \new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" {
- % Tricky: need to set associatedVoice
- % one syllable too soon!
- \set associatedVoice = alternative % applies to "ran"
- Ty --
- ran --
- no --
- \set associatedVoice = lahlah % applies to "rus"
- sau -- rus Rex
- } >>
-@end lilypond
-
-@noindent
-the text for the first stanza is set to a melody called @q{lahlah},
-
-@example
-\new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" @{
- Ju -- ras -- sic Park
-@}
-@end example
-
-
-The second stanza initially is set to the @code{lahlah} context, but
-for the syllable @q{ran}, it switches to a different melody.
-This is achieved with
-@example
-\set associatedVoice = alternative
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-Here, @code{alternative} is the name of the @code{Voice} context
-containing the triplet.
-
-@c FIXME: make this easier to understand -vv
-This command must be one syllable too early, before @q{Ty} in this
-case. In other words, changing the associatedVoice happens one step
-later than expected. This is for technical reasons, and it is not a
-bug.
-
-@example
-\new Lyrics \lyricsto "lahlah" @{
- \set associatedVoice = alternative % applies to "ran"
- Ty --
- ran --
- no --
- \set associatedVoice = lahlah % applies to "rus"
- sau -- rus Rex
-@}
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-The underlay is switched back to the starting situation by assigning
-@code{lahlah} to @code{associatedVoice}.
-
-
-@node Printing stanzas at the end
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Printing stanzas at the end
-
-Sometimes it is appropriate to have one stanza set
-to the music, and the rest added in verse form at
-the end of the piece. This can be accomplished by adding
-the extra verses into a @code{\markup} section outside
-of the main score block. Notice that there are two
-different ways to force linebreaks when using
-@code{\markup}.
-
-@lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,quote]
-melody = \relative c' {
-e d c d | e e e e |
-d d e d | c1 |
-}
-
-text = \lyricmode {
-\set stanza = #"1." Ma- ry had a lit- tle lamb,
-its fleece was white as snow.
-}
-
-\score{ <<
- \new Voice = "one" { \melody }
- \new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" \text
->>
- \layout { }
-}
-\markup { \column{
- \line{ Verse 2. }
- \line{ All the children laughed and played }
- \line{ To see a lamb at school. }
- }
-}
-\markup{
- \wordwrap-string #"
- Verse 3.
-
- Mary took it home again,
-
- It was against the rule."
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-
-@node Printing stanzas at the end in multiple columns
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Printing stanzas at the end in multiple columns
-
-When a piece of music has many verses, they are often printed in
-multiple columns across the page. An outdented verse number often
-introduces each verse. The following example shows how to produce such
-output in LilyPond.
-
-@lilypond[ragged-right,quote,verbatim]
-melody = \relative c' {
- c c c c | d d d d
-}
-
-text = \lyricmode {
- \set stanza = #"1." This is verse one.
- It has two lines.
-}
-
-\score{ <<
- \new Voice = "one" { \melody }
- \new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" \text
- >>
- \layout { }
-}
-
-\markup {
- \fill-line {
- \hspace #0.1 % moves the column off the left margin;
- % can be removed if space on the page is tight
- \column {
- \line { \bold "2."
- \column {
- "This is verse two."
- "It has two lines."
- }
- }
- \hspace #0.1 % adds vertical spacing between verses
- \line { \bold "3."
- \column {
- "This is verse three."
- "It has two lines."
- }
- }
- }
- \hspace #0.1 % adds horizontal spacing between columns;
- % if they are still too close, add more " " pairs
- % until the result looks good
- \column {
- \line { \bold "4."
- \column {
- "This is verse four."
- "It has two lines."
- }
- }
- \hspace #0.1 % adds vertical spacing between verses
- \line { \bold "5."
- \column {
- "This is verse five."
- "It has two lines."
- }
- }
- }
- \hspace #0.1 % gives some extra space on the right margin;
- % can be removed if page space is tight
- }
-}
-@end lilypond
-
-
-@seealso
-Internals Reference:
-@rinternals{LyricText},
-@rinternals{StanzaNumber}.
-
-
-
-
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff