-@c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
+@c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
@ignore
Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
@end ignore
-@c \version "2.11.61"
+@c \version "2.11.51"
@node Unfretted string instruments
@section Unfretted string instruments
-@cindex orchestral strings
-@cindex strings, writing for
-
-This section provides information and references which are helpful
-when writing for unfretted string instruments, principally
-orchestral strings.
+This section includes extra information for writing for unfretted
+string instruments.
@menu
-* Common notation for unfretted strings::
+* Common notation for unfretted strings::
+* Bowed instruments::
+* Plucked instruments::
@end menu
@node Common notation for unfretted strings
@subsection Common notation for unfretted strings
-There is little specialist notation for unfretted string
-instruments. The music is notated on a single staff, and
-usually only a single voice is required. Two voices might
-be required for some double-stopped or divisi passages.
-
@menu
-* References for unfretted strings::
-* Bowing indications::
-* Harmonics::
-* Snap (Bartók) pizzicato::
+* References for unfretted strings::
@end menu
@node References for unfretted strings
-@unnumberedsubsubsec References for unfretted strings
-
-Most of the notation which is useful for orchestral strings
-and other bowed instruments is covered elsewhere:
-
-@itemize
-
-@item Texual indications such as @qq{pizz.} and @qq{arco} are
-added as simple text -- see @ref{Text scripts}.
-
-@item Fingerings, including the thumb indication, are described
-in @ref{Fingering instructions}.
-
-@item When writing for orchestral strings, slurs are used to
-indicate passages which should be bowed in a continuous movement.
-For details, see @ref{Slurs}.
-
-@item Double stopping is normally indicated by writing a chord,
-see @ref{Chorded notes}. A triple or quadruple stop might be
-indicated by a square bracket to indicate the notes should be
-played simultaneously rather than arpeggiated. A square bracket
-is also used to indicate the two notes of a double stop should be
-played divisi by the two players on the stand. A bracket arpeggio
-can be used to bracket notes together, see @ref{Arpeggio}.
-
-@item For passages which require two voices see @rlearning{I'm
-hearing Voices} and @ref{Single-staff polyphony}.
-
-@item A template for a string quartet can be found in
-@rlearning{String quartet}. Others are shown in the snippets.
-
-@end itemize
-
-@seealso
-Learning Manual:
-@rlearning{I'm hearing Voices},
-@rlearning{String quartet}.
-
-Notation Reference:
-@ref{Text scripts},
-@ref{Fingering instructions},
-@ref{Slurs},
-@ref{Chorded notes},
-@ref{Arpeggio}
-@ref{Single-staff polyphony}.
-
-Snippets:
-@rlsr{Unfretted strings}.
-
-@node Bowing indications
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Bowing indications
-
-@funindex \upbow
-@funindex \downbow
-
-@cindex bowing indications
-@cindex up bow indication
-@cindex down bow indication
-
-Bowing indications are created as articulations, which are
-described in @ref{Articulations and ornamentations}. The
-bowing commands, @code{\upbow} and @code{\downbow}, are used with
-slurs as follows:
+@subsubsection References for unfretted strings
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-c4(\downbow d) e(\upbow f)
-@end lilypond
-
-
-@seealso
-
-Notation Reference:
-@ref{Articulations and ornamentations}
-@ref{Slurs}.
-
-@node Harmonics
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Harmonics
+@c TODO Add refs to fingerings, \thumb
+@c TODO Add multiple fingering indications?
+TBC
-@funindex \harmonic
+@c TODO Decide whether to resurrect Bowed instruments subsection
+@c and if so which of the above should go there
-@strong{@i{Natural harmonics}}
+@node Bowed instruments
+@subsection Bowed instruments
-@cindex natural harmonics
-@cindex harmonics, natural
+@menu
+* References for bowed strings::
+@end menu
-Natural harmonics can be notated in several ways. A diamond-shaped
-note head generally means to touch the string where you would stop
-the note if it were not a diamond. Diamond note heads are created
-by placing @code{\harmonic} after the note and enclosing the whole
-in angle brackets.
-Dotted harmonics indicated with @code{\harmonic} do not show the
-dots. The context property @code{harmonicDots} should be set if
-dots are required.
+@node References for bowed strings
+@subsubsection References for bowed strings
+@c link to slurs, articulation (for \upbow \downbow). maybe
+@c an example as well.
+@c TODO Add snippet showing pizzicato markings
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-<b\harmonic>4 <b\harmonic>2.
-\set harmonicDots = ##t
-<b\harmonic>4 <b\harmonic>2.
-@end lilypond
+@cindex artificial harmonics
-Alternatively a normal note head is shown at the pitch to be
-sounded together with a small circle to indicate it should be
-played as a harmonic:
+Artificial harmonics are notated with a different note head style. They
+are entered by marking the harmonic pitch with @code{\harmonic}.
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-d4^\flageolet d_\flageolet
+@lilypond[ragged-right,verbatim,quote,fragment,relative=1]
+<c g'\harmonic>4
@end lilypond
-A smaller circle may be created, see the snippet list in
-@ref{References for unfretted strings}.
-
-@strong{@i{Artificial harmonics}}
-
-@cindex artificial harmonics
-@cindex harmonics, artifical
-
-Artificial harmonics are notated with two notes, one with a normal
-note head indicating the stopped position and one with an open
-diamond note head to indicate the harmonic position.
-They are entered by marking the harmonic pitch with @code{\harmonic}.
-Note the @code{\harmonic} command must be placed within the angle
-brackets signifying the chord. The example shows the notation for a
-fourth and a fifth harmonic.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
-<e a\harmonic>2 <c g'\harmonic>
-@end lilypond
-@seealso
-Music Glossary:
-@rglos{harmonics}.
+@node Plucked instruments
+@subsection Plucked instruments
-Notation Reference:
-@ref{Special note heads},
-@ref{References for unfretted strings}.
-@node Snap (Bartók) pizzicato
-@unnumberedsubsubsec Snap (Bartók) pizzicato
+@menu
+* Harp::
+@end menu
-@cindex pizzicato, Bartók
-@cindex pizzicato, snap
-@cindex Bartók pizzicato
-@cindex snap pizzicato
+@node Harp
+@subsubsection Harp
TBC
-@c TODO add Bartók pizz as a @lilypondfile
+
+Some possibilities:
+- glissandi
+- tremolo (for bisbigliando)
+- natural harmonics
+- directional arpeggio and non-arpeggio
+- workaroung for keeping both staves visible in an orchestral
+ score,
+http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/lilypond-user/2007-08/msg00386.html
+and http://lsr.dsi.unimi.it/LSR/Item?u=1&id=312
+
+An LSR snippet could be used to demonstrate the main items; in the
+case of glissandi, it would be desirable to have a demonstration
+of different styles.
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff