-@c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
+@c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
@ignore
Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
@end ignore
-@c \version "2.11.61"
+@c \version "2.12.0"
@node Unfretted string instruments
@section Unfretted string instruments
+@lilypondfile[quote]
+{unfretted-headword.ly}
+
@cindex orchestral strings
+@cindex strings, orchestral
@cindex strings, writing for
This section provides information and references which are helpful
* References for unfretted strings::
* Bowing indications::
* Harmonics::
-* Snap (Bartók) pizzicato::
+* Snap (Bartok) pizzicato::
@end menu
@node References for unfretted strings
@itemize
-@item Texual indications such as @qq{pizz.} and @qq{arco} are
+@item Textual indications such as @qq{pizz.} and @qq{arco} are
added as simple text -- see @ref{Text scripts}.
@item Fingerings, including the thumb indication, are described
in @ref{Fingering instructions}.
-@item When writing for orchestral strings, slurs are used to
-indicate passages which should be bowed in a continuous movement.
-For details, see @ref{Slurs}.
-
@item Double stopping is normally indicated by writing a chord,
-see @ref{Chorded notes}. A triple or quadruple stop might be
-indicated by a square bracket to indicate the notes should be
-played simultaneously rather than arpeggiated. A square bracket
-is also used to indicate the two notes of a double stop should be
-played divisi by the two players on the stand. A bracket arpeggio
-can be used to bracket notes together, see @ref{Arpeggio}.
-
-@item For passages which require two voices see @rlearning{I'm
-hearing Voices} and @ref{Single-staff polyphony}.
+see @ref{Chorded notes}. Directives for playing chords may be
+added, see @ref{Arpeggio}.
@item A template for a string quartet can be found in
@rlearning{String quartet}. Others are shown in the snippets.
@end itemize
+
@seealso
Learning Manual:
-@rlearning{I'm hearing Voices},
@rlearning{String quartet}.
Notation Reference:
@ref{Text scripts},
@ref{Fingering instructions},
-@ref{Slurs},
@ref{Chorded notes},
-@ref{Arpeggio}
-@ref{Single-staff polyphony}.
+@ref{Arpeggio}.
Snippets:
@rlsr{Unfretted strings}.
+
@node Bowing indications
@unnumberedsubsubsec Bowing indications
@funindex \upbow
@funindex \downbow
+@funindex \open
@cindex bowing indications
@cindex up bow indication
@cindex down bow indication
+@cindex open string indication
+@cindex string, indicating open
Bowing indications are created as articulations, which are
-described in @ref{Articulations and ornamentations}. The
-bowing commands, @code{\upbow} and @code{\downbow}, are used with
-slurs as follows:
+described in @ref{Articulations and ornamentations}.
+
+The bowing commands, @code{\upbow} and @code{\downbow}, are used
+with slurs as follows:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
c4(\downbow d) e(\upbow f)
@end lilypond
+@noindent
+and the following example shows three ways in which an open A
+string on a violin might be indicated:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+a4 \open
+a^\markup { \teeny "II" }
+a2^\markup { \small "sul A" }
+@end lilypond
-@seealso
+@predefined
+@code{\downbow},
+@code{\upbow},
+@code{\open}.
+@endpredefined
+
+
+@seealso
Notation Reference:
-@ref{Articulations and ornamentations}
+@ref{Articulations and ornamentations},
@ref{Slurs}.
+
@node Harmonics
@unnumberedsubsubsec Harmonics
Natural harmonics can be notated in several ways. A diamond-shaped
note head generally means to touch the string where you would stop
-the note if it were not a diamond. Diamond note heads are created
-by placing @code{\harmonic} after the note and enclosing the whole
-in angle brackets.
+the note if it were not a diamond.
+
+@warning{Harmonics @strong{must} be defined inside a chord
+construct even if there is only a single note.}
+
+@c TODO If the default for harmonicDots is changed, change this
Dotted harmonics indicated with @code{\harmonic} do not show the
dots. The context property @code{harmonicDots} should be set if
dots are required.
-
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-<b\harmonic>4 <b\harmonic>2.
+<d\harmonic>4 <e\harmonic>2.
\set harmonicDots = ##t
-<b\harmonic>4 <b\harmonic>2.
+<d\harmonic>4 <e\harmonic>2.
@end lilypond
Alternatively a normal note head is shown at the pitch to be
played as a harmonic:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-d4^\flageolet d_\flageolet
+d2^\flageolet d_\flageolet
@end lilypond
A smaller circle may be created, see the snippet list in
Artificial harmonics are notated with two notes, one with a normal
note head indicating the stopped position and one with an open
diamond note head to indicate the harmonic position.
-They are entered by marking the harmonic pitch with @code{\harmonic}.
-Note the @code{\harmonic} command must be placed within the angle
-brackets signifying the chord. The example shows the notation for a
-fourth and a fifth harmonic.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
<e a\harmonic>2 <c g'\harmonic>
@end lilypond
+
@seealso
Music Glossary:
@rglos{harmonics}.
@ref{Special note heads},
@ref{References for unfretted strings}.
-@node Snap (Bartók) pizzicato
+
+@node Snap (Bartok) pizzicato
@unnumberedsubsubsec Snap (Bartók) pizzicato
@cindex pizzicato, Bartók
@cindex Bartók pizzicato
@cindex snap pizzicato
-TBC
-@c TODO add Bartók pizz as a @lilypondfile
-
+@snippets
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{snap-pizzicato-markup-bartok-pizzicato.ly}
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff