@c See issue 509
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=1]
\times 2/3 { c8[ c c]}
-\once \override TupletNumber
+\once \override TupletNumber
#'text = #tuplet-number::calc-fraction-text
\times 2/3 {
c[ c]
@cindex Internals Reference
@menu
-* Properties of layout objects::
-* Properties found in interfaces::
-* Types of properties::
+* Properties of layout objects::
+* Properties found in interfaces::
+* Types of properties::
@end menu
@node Properties of layout objects
{
\time 6/8
{
- r4 b8 b[( g]) g |
- g[( e]) e d[( f]) a |
+ r4 b8 b[( g]) g |
+ g[( e]) e d[( f]) a |
a g
}
\addlyrics {
- The man who feels love's sweet e -- mo -- tion
+ The man who feels love's sweet e -- mo -- tion
}
}
@end lilypond
a g
}
\addlyrics {
- The man who feels love's sweet e -- mo -- tion
+ The man who feels love's sweet e -- mo -- tion
}
}
@end lilypond
r4 b8
% Increase thickness of immediately following slur only
\once \override Slur #'thickness = #5.0
- b[( g]) g |
- g[( e]) e d[( f]) a |
- a g
+ b[( g]) g |
+ g[( e]) e d[( f]) a |
+ a g
}
\addlyrics {
- The man who feels love's sweet e -- mo -- tion
+ The man who feels love's sweet e -- mo -- tion
}
}
@end lilypond
b[( g]) g |
% Increase thickness of immediately following slur only
\once \override Slur #'thickness = #5.0
- g[( e]) e d[( f]) a |
+ g[( e]) e d[( f]) a |
a g
}
\addlyrics {
- The man who feels love's sweet e -- mo -- tion
+ The man who feels love's sweet e -- mo -- tion
}
}
@end lilypond
% Increase thickness of all following slurs from 1.2 to 5.0
\override Slur #'thickness = #5.0
b[( g]) g |
- g[( e])
+ g[( e])
% Revert thickness of all following slurs to default of 1.2
\revert Slur #'thickness
- e d[( f]) a |
+ e d[( f]) a |
a g
}
\addlyrics {
- The man who feels love's sweet e -- mo -- tion
+ The man who feels love's sweet e -- mo -- tion
}
}
@end lilypond
}
\addlyrics {
\override LyricText #'font-shape = #'italic
- The man who feels love's sweet e -- mo -- tion
+ The man who feels love's sweet e -- mo -- tion
}
}
@end lilypond
@tab @code{2.5}, @code{0.34}
@item Direction
@tab A valid direction constant or its numerical equivalent
- @tab @code{#LEFT}, @code{#CENTER}, @code{#UP},
+ @tab @code{LEFT}, @code{CENTER}, @code{UP},
@code{1}, @code{-1}
@item Integer
@tab A positive whole number
@node Appearance of objects
@section Appearance of objects
-Let us now put what we have learnt into practice with a few
+Let us now put what we have learned into practice with a few
examples which show how tweaks may be used to change the
appearance of the printed music.
<<
{ f c c }
\new Staff \with {
- alignAboveContext = "main"
+ alignAboveContext = "main"
}
{
\override Staff.Clef #'stencil = ##f
<<
{ f c c }
\new Staff \with {
- alignAboveContext = "main"
+ alignAboveContext = "main"
% Don't print clefs in this staff
\override Clef #'stencil = ##f
% Don't print time signatures in this staff
<<
{ f c c }
\new Staff \with {
- alignAboveContext = "main"
+ alignAboveContext = "main"
\override Clef #'stencil = ##f
\override TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f
% Reduce all font sizes by ~24%
<<
{ f c c }
\new Staff \with {
- alignAboveContext = "main"
+ alignAboveContext = "main"
\override Clef #'stencil = ##f
\override TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f
fontSize = #-2
@section Placement of objects
@menu
-* Automatic behavior::
+* Automatic behavior::
* Within-staff objects::
* Outside staff objects::
@end menu
Here is a table of the commonest. The meaning of each is stated
where it is not obvious.
-@multitable @columnfractions .2 .2 .2 .4
-@headitem Down/Left
+@multitable @columnfractions .2 .2 .25 .35
+@headitem Down/Left
@tab Up/Right
@tab Revert
@tab Effect
other objects will be moved automatically if necessary to make
room and (b) the single override can apply to all instances of
the same type of object. Such properties include:
+
@itemize
@item
Instead of @code{padding}, the placement of groups of accidentals
is controlled by @code{left-padding} and @code{right-padding}.
These properties are to be found in the @code{AccidentalPlacement}
-object which, note, lives in the @strong{staff} context. Because
-accidentals are always positioned after and to the left of
-note heads only the @code{right-padding} property has any effect.
+object which, note, lives in the @strong{staff} context. In the
+type-setting process the note heads are type-set first and then
+the accidentals, if any, are added to the left of the note heads
+using the @code{right-padding} property to determine the separation
+from the note heads. So only the @code{right-padding} property of the
+@code{AccidentalPlacement} object has any effect on the placement
+of the accidentals.
The @code{staff-padding} property is closely related to the
@code{padding} property: @code{padding}
@code{self-alignment-X}
@cindex self-alignment-X property
-This property can be used to align the object to the left, to
+This property can be used to align the object to the left, to
the right, or to center it with respect to the parent object's
reference point. It may be used with all objects which support
the @code{self-alignment-interface}. In general these are objects
object
is handled in the @code{Score} context, property changes in the
@code{Voice} context will not be noticed. For more details, see
-@ruser{Constructing a tweak}.
+@ruser{Modifying properties}.
If the @code{padding} property of an object is increased when that
object is in a stack of objects being positioned according to
index in the Notation Reference does not mention merging,
but a search of the text for @q{merge} quickly leads us to
the overrides for merging differently headed and differently
-dotted notes in @ruser{Collision Resolution}. In our
+dotted notes in @ruser{Collision resolution}. In our
example we need to merge both types of note for the duration
of the polyphonic section in bar 3, so using the information
in the Notation Reference we add
@section Further tweaking
@menu
-* Other uses for tweaks::
-* Using variables for tweaks::
-* Other sources of information::
-* Avoiding tweaks with slower processing::
-* Advanced tweaks with Scheme::
+* Other uses for tweaks::
+* Using variables for tweaks::
+* Other sources of information::
+* Avoiding tweaks with slower processing::
+* Advanced tweaks with Scheme::
@end menu
@node Other uses for tweaks
@subsection Other uses for tweaks
-@itemize
-
@cindex transparent property, use of
@cindex objects, making invisible
@cindex removing objects
@cindex invisible objects
@cindex tying notes across voices
-@item
@subheading Tying notes across voices
The following example demonstrates how to connect notes in
>>
@end lilypond
-@item
@subheading Simulating a fermata
@cindex stencil property, use of
to simulate a fermata in the MIDI output we would not want the
metronome markings to appear in the printed output, and we would
not want it to influence the spacing between the two systems or
-the spacing of the notes on the staff. So setting its
-@code{stencil} property to @code{#f} would be the best way.
+the positions of adjacent annotations on the staff. So setting
+its @code{stencil} property to @code{#f} would be the best way.
We show here the effect of the two methods:
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
\tempo 4=120
a4 a a
\once \override Score.MetronomeMark #'transparent = ##t
- % Invisible tempo marking to lengthen fermata note in MIDI
+ % Invisible tempo marking to lengthen fermata in MIDI
\tempo 4=80
a\fermata
- \once \override Score.MetronomeMark #'stencil = ##f
- % Invisible tempo marking to restore tempo in MIDI
+ % New tempo for next section
+ \tempo 4=100
+ a a a a
+ }
+ \layout { }
+ \midi { }
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
+\score {
+ \relative c'' {
+ % Visible tempo marking
\tempo 4=120
+ a4 a a
+ \once \override Score.MetronomeMark #'stencil = ##f
+ % Invisible tempo marking to lengthen fermata in MIDI
+ \tempo 4=80
+ a\fermata
+ % New tempo for next section
+ \tempo 4=100
a a a a
}
\layout { }
@end lilypond
@noindent
-Both methods remove the metronome mark from the printed output,
-and both affect the MIDI timing as required, but the first
-(transparent) metronome mark still influences the note spacing
-while the second (with no stencil) does not.
-
-@end itemize
+Both methods remove the metronome mark which lengthens the fermata
+from the printed output, and both affect the MIDI timing as
+required, but the transparent metronome mark in the first line
+forces the following tempo indication too high while the
+second (with the stencil removed) does not.
@node Using variables for tweaks
@subsection Using variables for tweaks
The Internals Reference documentation contains a lot of information
about LilyPond, but even more information can be gathered by
-looking at the internal LilyPond files. To explore these, first
-find the directory appropriate to your system, as follows:
+looking at the internal LilyPond files. To explore these, you must
+first find the directory appropriate to your system. The location
+of this directory depends (a) on whether you obtained LilyPond
+by downloading a precompiled binary from lilypond.org
+or whether you installed it from a package manager (i.e.
+distributed with Linux, or installed under fink or cygwin) or
+compiled it from source, and (b) on which operating system it is
+being used:
-@strong{Linux}
+@strong{Downloaded from lilypond.org}
+
+@itemize @bullet
+@item Linux
Navigate to
-@file{@var{installdir}/lilypond/usr/share/lilypond/current/}
+@file{@var{INSTALLDIR}/lilypond/usr/share/lilypond/current/}
-@strong{MacOS X}
+@item MacOS X
Navigate to
-@file{@var{installdir}/LilyPond.app/Contents/Resources/share/lilypond/current/}
+@file{@var{INSTALLDIR}/LilyPond.app/Contents/Resources/share/lilypond/current/}
by either @code{cd}-ing into this directory from the
Terminal, or control-clicking on the LilyPond application and
selecting @q{Show Package Contents}.
-@strong{Windows}
+@item Windows
Using Windows Explorer, navigate to
-@file{@var{installdir}/LilyPond/usr/share/lilypond/current/}
+@file{@var{INSTALLDIR}/LilyPond/usr/share/lilypond/current/}
+
+@end itemize
+
+@strong{Installed from a package manager or compiled from source}
+
+Navigate to
+@file{@var{PREFIX}/share/lilypond/@var{X.Y.Z}/}, where
+@var{PREFIX} is set by your package manager or @code{configure}
+script, and @var{X.Y.Z} is the LilyPond version number.
+
+@smallspace
Within this directory the two interesting subdirectories are
@itemize
-@item @file{../ly/ } - contains files in LilyPond format
-@item @file{../scm/} - contains files in Scheme format
+@item @file{ly/} - contains files in LilyPond format
+@item @file{scm/} - contains files in Scheme format
@end itemize
-Let's begin by looking at some files in @file{../ly/}.
-Open @file{../ly/property-init.ly} in a text editor. The one
+Let's begin by looking at some files in @file{ly/}.
+Open @file{ly/property-init.ly} in a text editor. The one
you normally use for @code{.ly} files will be fine. This file
contains the definitions of all the standard LilyPond built-in
commands, such as @code{\stemUp} and @code{\slurDotted}. You will
head of your input file.
The following are the most useful files to be found in
-@file{../ly/}:
+@file{ly/}:
@multitable @columnfractions .4 .6
@headitem Filename
@tab Contents
-@item @file{../ly/engraver-init.ly}
+@item @file{ly/engraver-init.ly}
@tab Definitions of engraver Contexts
-@item @file{../ly/paper-defaults.ly}
+@item @file{ly/paper-defaults.ly}
@tab Specifications of paper-related defaults
-@item @file{../ly/performer-init.ly}
+@item @file{ly/performer-init.ly}
@tab Definitions of performer Contexts
-@item @file{../ly/property-init.ly}
+@item @file{ly/property-init.ly}
@tab Definitions of all common built-in commands
@end multitable
@multitable @columnfractions .4 .6
@headitem Filename
@tab Contents
-@item @file{../scm/auto-beam.scm}
+@item @file{scm/auto-beam.scm}
@tab Sub-beaming defaults
-@item @file{../scm/define-grobs.scm}
+@item @file{scm/define-grobs.scm}
@tab Default settings for grob properties
-@item @file{../scm/define-markup-commands.scm}
+@item @file{scm/define-markup-commands.scm}
@tab Specify all markup commands
-@item @file{../scm/midi.scm}
+@item @file{scm/midi.scm}
@tab Default settings for MIDI output
-@item @file{../scm/output-lib.scm}
+@item @file{scm/output-lib.scm}
@tab Settings that affect appearance of frets, colors,
accidentals, bar lines, etc
-@item @file{../scm/parser-clef.scm}
+@item @file{scm/parser-clef.scm}
@tab Definitions of supported clefs
-@item @file{../scm/script.scm}
+@item @file{scm/script.scm}
@tab Default settings for articulations
@end multitable
@node Avoiding tweaks with slower processing
@subsection Avoiding tweaks with slower processing
-LilyPond can perform extra checks while it processes files. These
+LilyPond can perform extra checks while it processes input files. These
checks will take extra time to perform, but fewer manual tweaks
may be required to obtain an acceptable result. If a text script
or part of the lyrics extends over the margins these checks will
-
-
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff