version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
@end ignore
-@c \version "2.11.38"
+@c \version "2.11.51"
@node Tweaking output
@chapter Tweaking output
@code{#f}
@item Vector
@tab A list of three items enclosed in brackets and preceded
-by a hash sign, @code{#}.
- @tab @code{#(#t #t #f)}
+by apostrophe-hash, @code{'#}.
+ @tab @code{'#(#t #t #f)}
@end multitable
@node Appearance of objects
These control respectively whether bar lines are printed at
the end of a line, in the middle of lines, and at the beginning
of lines. For our example we want all bar lines to be suppressed,
-so the value we need is @code{#(#f #f #f)}.
+so the value we need is @code{'#(#f #f #f)}.
Let's try that, remembering
to include the @code{Staff} context. Note also that in writing
-this value we have two hash signs before the opening bracket.
-One is required as part of the value to introduce a vector,
-and one is required, as always, to precede the value itself in
-the @code{\override} command.
+this value we have @code{#'#} before the opening bracket.
+The @code{'#} is required as part of the value to introduce a
+vector, and the first @code{#} is required, as always, to precede
+the value itself in the @code{\override} command.
@lilypond[quote,fragment,ragged-right,verbatim,relative=2]
{
\time 12/16
- \override Staff.BarLine #'break-visibility = ##(#f #f #f)
+ \override Staff.BarLine #'break-visibility = #'#(#f #f #f)
c4 b8 c d16 c d8 |
g, a16 b8 c d4 e16 |
e8
@tab Up/Right
@tab Revert
@tab Effect
-@item @code{\arpeggioDown}
- @tab @code{\arpeggioUp}
- @tab @code{\arpeggioNeutral}
+@item @code{\arpeggioArrowDown}
+ @tab @code{\arpeggioArrowUp}
+ @tab @code{\arpeggioNormal}
@tab Arrow is at bottom, at top, or no arrow
@item @code{\dotsDown}
@tab @code{\dotsUp}
% Place dynamics above staff
\dynamicUp
% Start Ottava Bracket
-#(set-octavation 1)
+\ottava #1
c' \startTextSpan
% Add Dynamic Text
c\pp
% Add Dynamic Text
c\ff c \stopTextSpan
% Stop Ottava Bracket
-#(set-octavation 0)
+\ottava #0
c, c c c
@end lilypond
%Place following Ottava Bracket below Text Spanners
\once \override Staff.OttavaBracket #'outside-staff-priority = #340
% Start Ottava Bracket
-#(set-octavation 1)
+\ottava #1
c' \startTextSpan
% Add Dynamic Text
c\pp
% Add Dynamic Text
c\ff c \stopTextSpan
% Stop Ottava Bracket
-#(set-octavation 0)
+\ottava #0
c, c c c
@end lilypond
@node Real music example
@subsection Real music example
-We end this section on Tweaks by showing the steps to be taken to
-deal with a tricky example which needs several tweaks to produce
-the desired output. The example has been deliberately chosen to
-illustrate the use of the Notation Reference to resolve unusual
-problems with notation. It is not representative of more usual
-engraving process, so please do not let these difficulties put
+We end this section on Tweaks by showing the steps to be taken to
+deal with a tricky example which needs several tweaks to produce
+the desired output. The example has been deliberately chosen to
+illustrate the use of the Notation Reference to resolve unusual
+problems with notation. It is not representative of more usual
+engraving process, so please do not let these difficulties put
you off! Fortunately, difficulties like these are not very common!
The example is from Chopin's Première Ballade, Op. 23, bars 6 to
bes1~ |
\bar "||"
\time 6/4
- \override Staff.NoteCollision #'merge-differently-headed = ##t
- \override Staff.NoteCollision #'merge-differently-dotted = ##t
+ \mergeDifferentlyHeadedOn
+ \mergeDifferentlyDottedOn
bes2.^\markup {\bold "Moderato"} r8
<<
{c,8[ d fis bes a] | }
\\
{s4 fis4.}
>>
- \revert Staff.NoteCollision #'merge-differently-headed
- \revert Staff.NoteCollision #'merge-differently-dotted
+ \mergeDifferentlyHeadedOff
+ \mergeDifferentlyDottedOff
g2.\)
}
All the notes are right, but the appearance is far from
satisfactory. The tie clashes with the change in time signature,
the beaming in the third bar is wrong, the notes are not
-merged together, and several notation elements are missing.
+merged together, and several notation elements are missing.
Let's first deal with the easier things.
We can correct the beaming by inserting a beam
-manually, and we can easily add the left hand slur and the right
+manually, and we can easily add the left hand slur and the right
hand phrasing slur, since these were all covered in the Tutorial.
Doing this gives:
@end lilypond
On to bar three and the start of the Moderato section. The
-tutorial showed how to add embolded text with the
-@code{\markup} command, so adding @q{Moderato} in bold is easy.
-But how do we merge notes in different voices together? The
-index in the Notation Reference does not mention merging,
-but a search of the text for @q{merge} quickly leads us to
-the overrides for merging differently headed and differently
+tutorial showed how to add embolded text with the @code{\markup}
+command, so adding @q{Moderato} in bold is easy.
+But how do we merge notes in different voices together? This is
+where we need to turn to the Notation Reference for help. A search
+for @qq{merge} in the Notation Reference index quickly leads us to
+the commands for merging differently headed and differently
dotted notes in @ruser{Collision resolution}. In our
example we need to merge both types of note for the duration
of the polyphonic section in bar 3, so using the information
-in the Notation Reference we add
+we find in the Notation Reference we add
@example
-\override Staff.NoteCollision #'merge-differently-headed = ##t
-\override Staff.NoteCollision #'merge-differently-dotted = ##t
+\mergeDifferentlyHeadedOn
+\mergeDifferentlyDottedOn
@end example
@noindent
to the start of that section and
@example
-\revert Staff.NoteCollision #'merge-differently-headed
-\revert Staff.NoteCollision #'merge-differently-dotted
+\mergeDifferentlyHeadedOff
+\mergeDifferentlyDottedOff
@end example
@noindent
\bar "||"
\time 6/4
bes2.^\markup {\bold "Moderato"} r8
- \override Staff.NoteCollision #'merge-differently-headed = ##t
- \override Staff.NoteCollision #'merge-differently-dotted = ##t
+ \mergeDifferentlyHeadedOn
+ \mergeDifferentlyDottedOn
% Start polyphonic section of four voices
<<
{c,8[ d fis bes a] | }
\\
{s4 fis4. | }
>>
- \revert Staff.NoteCollision #'merge-differently-headed
- \revert Staff.NoteCollision #'merge-differently-dotted
+ \mergeDifferentlyHeadedOff
+ \mergeDifferentlyDottedOff
g2.\)
}
}
@end lilypond
-These overrides have merged the two F-sharp notes, but not the two
+These overrides have merged the two F-sharp notes, but not the two
on D. Why not? The answer is there in the same section in the
-Notation Reference -- notes being merged must have stems in
-opposite directions and two notes cannot be merged successfully if
-there is a third note in the same note column. Here the two D's
+Notation Reference -- notes being merged must have stems in
+opposite directions and two notes cannot be merged successfully if
+there is a third note in the same note column. Here the two D's
both have upward stems and there is a third note -- the C. We know
how to change the stem direction using @code{\stemDown}, and
the Notation Reference also says how to move the C -- apply a shift
The C is in voice two which has shift off, and the two D's are in
voices one and three, which have shift off and shift on,
respectively. So we have to shift the C a further level still
-using @code{\shiftOnn} to avoid it interfering with the two D's.
+using @code{\shiftOnn} to avoid it interfering with the two D's.
Applying these changes gives:
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
\bar "||"
\time 6/4
bes2.^\markup {\bold "Moderato"} r8
- \override Staff.NoteCollision #'merge-differently-headed = ##t
- \override Staff.NoteCollision #'merge-differently-dotted = ##t
+ \mergeDifferentlyHeadedOn
+ \mergeDifferentlyDottedOn
% Start polyphonic section of four voices
<<
{c,8[ d fis bes a] | }
\\
{s4 fis4. | }
>>
- \revert Staff.NoteCollision #'merge-differently-headed
- \revert Staff.NoteCollision #'merge-differently-dotted
+ \mergeDifferentlyHeadedOff
+ \mergeDifferentlyDottedOff
g2.\)
}
\bar "||"
\time 6/4
bes2.^\markup {\bold "Moderato"} r8
- \override Staff.NoteCollision #'merge-differently-headed = ##t
- \override Staff.NoteCollision #'merge-differently-dotted = ##t
+ \mergeDifferentlyHeadedOn
+ \mergeDifferentlyDottedOn
<<
{c,8[ d fis bes a] | }
\\
\\
{s4 fis4.}
>>
- \revert Staff.NoteCollision #'merge-differently-headed
- \revert Staff.NoteCollision #'merge-differently-dotted
+ \mergeDifferentlyHeadedOff
+ \mergeDifferentlyDottedOff
g2.\)
}
@section Further tweaking
@menu
-* Other uses for tweaks::
-* Using variables for tweaks::
-* Other sources of information::
-* Avoiding tweaks with slower processing::
+* Other uses for tweaks::
+* Using variables for tweaks::
+* Other sources of information::
+* Avoiding tweaks with slower processing::
* Advanced tweaks with Scheme::
@end menu
>>
@end lilypond
-@subheading Simulating a fermata
+@subheading Simulating a fermata in MIDI
@cindex stencil property, use of
@cindex fermata, implementing in MIDI
used many times it may be worth defining variables to hold them.
Suppose we wish to emphasize certain words in lyrics by printing
them in bold italics. The @code{\italic} and @code{\bold}
-commands do not work within lyrics so we must instead use the
-following @code{\override} and @code{\revert} commands:
+commands only work within lyrics if they are also embedded in
+@code{\markup}, which makes them tedious to enter, so as an
+alternative can we instead use the @code{\override} and
+@code{\revert} commands?
@example
@code{\override Lyrics . LyricText #'font-shape = #'italic}
@code{\revert Lyrics . LyricText #'font-series}
@end example
-These would be extremely tedious to enter if there were many words
-requiring emphasis. So instead we define these as two variables,
-and use them as follows:
+These would also be extremely tedious to enter if there were many
+words requiring emphasis. So instead we define these as two
+variables, and use them as follows, although normally we would
+perhaps choose shorter names for the variables to make them
+quicker to type:
@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
-emph = {
+emphasize = {
\override Lyrics . LyricText #'font-shape = #'italic
\override Lyrics . LyricText #'font-series = #'bold
}
-norm = {
+normal = {
\revert Lyrics . LyricText #'font-shape
\revert Lyrics . LyricText #'font-series
}
global = { \time 4/4 \partial 4 \key c \major}
-SopMusic = \relative c' { c4 | e4. e8 g4 g | a a g }
+SopranoMusic = \relative c' { c4 | e4. e8 g4 g | a a g }
AltoMusic = \relative c' { c4 | c4. c8 e4 e | f f e }
TenorMusic = \relative c { e4 | g4. g8 c4. b8 | a8 b c d e4 }
BassMusic = \relative c { c4 | c4. c8 c4 c | f8 g a b c4 }
-VerseOne = \lyrics { E -- | ter -- nal \emph Fa -- ther, \norm | strong to save, }
-VerseTwo = \lyricmode { O | \emph Christ, \norm whose voice the | wa -- ters heard, }
-VerseThree = \lyricmode { O | \emph Ho -- ly Spi -- rit, \norm | who didst brood }
-VerseFour = \lyricmode { O | \emph Tri -- ni -- ty \norm of | love and pow'r }
+VerseOne = \lyrics { E -- | ter -- nal \emphasize Fa -- ther, \normal | strong to save, }
+VerseTwo = \lyricmode { O | \emphasize Christ, \normal whose voice the | wa -- ters heard, }
+VerseThree = \lyricmode { O | \emphasize Ho -- ly Spi -- rit, \normal | who didst brood }
+VerseFour = \lyricmode { O | \emphasize Tri -- ni -- ty \normal of | love and pow'r }
\score {
\new ChoirStaff <<
\new Staff <<
\clef "treble"
- \new Voice = "Sop" { \voiceOne \global \SopMusic }
+ \new Voice = "Soprano" { \voiceOne \global \SopranoMusic }
\new Voice = "Alto" { \voiceTwo \AltoMusic }
- \new Lyrics \lyricsto "Sop" { \VerseOne }
- \new Lyrics \lyricsto "Sop" { \VerseTwo }
- \new Lyrics \lyricsto "Sop" { \VerseThree }
- \new Lyrics \lyricsto "Sop" { \VerseFour }
+ \new Lyrics \lyricsto "Soprano" { \VerseOne }
+ \new Lyrics \lyricsto "Soprano" { \VerseTwo }
+ \new Lyrics \lyricsto "Soprano" { \VerseThree }
+ \new Lyrics \lyricsto "Soprano" { \VerseFour }
>>
\new Staff <<
\clef "bass"
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff