@c See issue 509
@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment,relative=1]
\times 2/3 { c8[ c c]}
-\once \override TupletNumber
+\once \override TupletNumber
#'text = #tuplet-number::calc-fraction-text
\times 2/3 {
c[ c]
@cindex Internals Reference
@menu
-* Properties of layout objects::
-* Properties found in interfaces::
-* Types of properties::
+* Properties of layout objects::
+* Properties found in interfaces::
+* Types of properties::
@end menu
@node Properties of layout objects
{
\time 6/8
{
- r4 b8 b[( g]) g |
- g[( e]) e d[( f]) a |
+ r4 b8 b[( g]) g |
+ g[( e]) e d[( f]) a |
a g
}
\addlyrics {
- The man who feels love's sweet e -- mo -- tion
+ The man who feels love's sweet e -- mo -- tion
}
}
@end lilypond
a g
}
\addlyrics {
- The man who feels love's sweet e -- mo -- tion
+ The man who feels love's sweet e -- mo -- tion
}
}
@end lilypond
r4 b8
% Increase thickness of immediately following slur only
\once \override Slur #'thickness = #5.0
- b[( g]) g |
- g[( e]) e d[( f]) a |
- a g
+ b[( g]) g |
+ g[( e]) e d[( f]) a |
+ a g
}
\addlyrics {
- The man who feels love's sweet e -- mo -- tion
+ The man who feels love's sweet e -- mo -- tion
}
}
@end lilypond
b[( g]) g |
% Increase thickness of immediately following slur only
\once \override Slur #'thickness = #5.0
- g[( e]) e d[( f]) a |
+ g[( e]) e d[( f]) a |
a g
}
\addlyrics {
- The man who feels love's sweet e -- mo -- tion
+ The man who feels love's sweet e -- mo -- tion
}
}
@end lilypond
% Increase thickness of all following slurs from 1.2 to 5.0
\override Slur #'thickness = #5.0
b[( g]) g |
- g[( e])
+ g[( e])
% Revert thickness of all following slurs to default of 1.2
\revert Slur #'thickness
- e d[( f]) a |
+ e d[( f]) a |
a g
}
\addlyrics {
- The man who feels love's sweet e -- mo -- tion
+ The man who feels love's sweet e -- mo -- tion
}
}
@end lilypond
}
\addlyrics {
\override LyricText #'font-shape = #'italic
- The man who feels love's sweet e -- mo -- tion
+ The man who feels love's sweet e -- mo -- tion
}
}
@end lilypond
@tab @code{2.5}, @code{0.34}
@item Direction
@tab A valid direction constant or its numerical equivalent
- @tab @code{#LEFT}, @code{#CENTER}, @code{#UP},
+ @tab @code{LEFT}, @code{CENTER}, @code{UP},
@code{1}, @code{-1}
@item Integer
@tab A positive whole number
@node Appearance of objects
@section Appearance of objects
-Let us now put what we have learnt into practice with a few
+Let us now put what we have learned into practice with a few
examples which show how tweaks may be used to change the
appearance of the printed music.
<<
{ f c c }
\new Staff \with {
- alignAboveContext = "main"
+ alignAboveContext = "main"
}
{
\override Staff.Clef #'stencil = ##f
<<
{ f c c }
\new Staff \with {
- alignAboveContext = "main"
+ alignAboveContext = "main"
% Don't print clefs in this staff
\override Clef #'stencil = ##f
% Don't print time signatures in this staff
<<
{ f c c }
\new Staff \with {
- alignAboveContext = "main"
+ alignAboveContext = "main"
\override Clef #'stencil = ##f
\override TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f
% Reduce all font sizes by ~24%
<<
{ f c c }
\new Staff \with {
- alignAboveContext = "main"
+ alignAboveContext = "main"
\override Clef #'stencil = ##f
\override TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f
fontSize = #-2
@section Placement of objects
@menu
-* Automatic behavior::
+* Automatic behavior::
* Within-staff objects::
* Outside staff objects::
@end menu
Here is a table of the commonest. The meaning of each is stated
where it is not obvious.
-@multitable @columnfractions .2 .2 .2 .4
-@headitem Down/Left
+@multitable @columnfractions .2 .2 .25 .35
+@headitem Down/Left
@tab Up/Right
@tab Revert
@tab Effect
other objects will be moved automatically if necessary to make
room and (b) the single override can apply to all instances of
the same type of object. Such properties include:
+
@itemize
@item
Instead of @code{padding}, the placement of groups of accidentals
is controlled by @code{left-padding} and @code{right-padding}.
These properties are to be found in the @code{AccidentalPlacement}
-object which, note, lives in the @strong{staff} context. Because
-accidentals are always positioned after and to the left of
-note heads only the @code{right-padding} property has any effect.
+object which, note, lives in the @strong{staff} context. In the
+type-setting process the note heads are type-set first and then
+the accidentals, if any, are added to the left of the note heads
+using the @code{right-padding} property to determine the separation
+from the note heads. So only the @code{right-padding} property of the
+@code{AccidentalPlacement} object has any effect on the placement
+of the accidentals.
The @code{staff-padding} property is closely related to the
@code{padding} property: @code{padding}
@code{self-alignment-X}
@cindex self-alignment-X property
-This property can be used to align the object to the left, to
+This property can be used to align the object to the left, to
the right, or to center it with respect to the parent object's
reference point. It may be used with all objects which support
the @code{self-alignment-interface}. In general these are objects
object
is handled in the @code{Score} context, property changes in the
@code{Voice} context will not be noticed. For more details, see
-@ruser{Constructing a tweak}.
+@ruser{Modifying properties}.
If the @code{padding} property of an object is increased when that
object is in a stack of objects being positioned according to
@node Real music example
@subsection Real music example
-We end this section on Tweaks by showing the steps to be taken to
-deal with a tricky example which needs several tweaks to produce
-the desired output. The example has been deliberately chosen to
-illustrate the use of the Notation Reference to resolve unusual
-problems with notation. It is not representative of more usual
-engraving process, so please do not let these difficulties put
+We end this section on Tweaks by showing the steps to be taken to
+deal with a tricky example which needs several tweaks to produce
+the desired output. The example has been deliberately chosen to
+illustrate the use of the Notation Reference to resolve unusual
+problems with notation. It is not representative of more usual
+engraving process, so please do not let these difficulties put
you off! Fortunately, difficulties like these are not very common!
The example is from Chopin's Première Ballade, Op. 23, bars 6 to
bes1~ |
\bar "||"
\time 6/4
- \override Staff.NoteCollision #'merge-differently-headed = ##t
- \override Staff.NoteCollision #'merge-differently-dotted = ##t
+ \mergeDifferentlyHeadedOn
+ \mergeDifferentlyDottedOn
bes2.^\markup {\bold "Moderato"} r8
<<
{c,8[ d fis bes a] | }
\\
{s4 fis4.}
>>
- \revert Staff.NoteCollision #'merge-differently-headed
- \revert Staff.NoteCollision #'merge-differently-dotted
+ \mergeDifferentlyHeadedOff
+ \mergeDifferentlyDottedOff
g2.\)
}
All the notes are right, but the appearance is far from
satisfactory. The tie clashes with the change in time signature,
the beaming in the third bar is wrong, the notes are not
-merged together, and several notation elements are missing.
+merged together, and several notation elements are missing.
Let's first deal with the easier things.
We can correct the beaming by inserting a beam
-manually, and we can easily add the left hand slur and the right
+manually, and we can easily add the left hand slur and the right
hand phrasing slur, since these were all covered in the Tutorial.
Doing this gives:
@end lilypond
On to bar three and the start of the Moderato section. The
-tutorial showed how to add embolded text with the
-@code{\markup} command, so adding @q{Moderato} in bold is easy.
-But how do we merge notes in different voices together? The
-index in the Notation Reference does not mention merging,
-but a search of the text for @q{merge} quickly leads us to
-the overrides for merging differently headed and differently
-dotted notes in @ruser{Collision Resolution}. In our
+tutorial showed how to add embolded text with the @code{\markup}
+command, so adding @q{Moderato} in bold is easy.
+But how do we merge notes in different voices together? This is
+where we need to turn to the Notation Reference for help. A search
+for @qq{merge} in the Notation Reference index quickly leads us to
+the commands for merging differently headed and differently
+dotted notes in @ruser{Collision resolution}. In our
example we need to merge both types of note for the duration
of the polyphonic section in bar 3, so using the information
-in the Notation Reference we add
+we find in the Notation Reference we add
@example
-\override Staff.NoteCollision #'merge-differently-headed = ##t
-\override Staff.NoteCollision #'merge-differently-dotted = ##t
+\mergeDifferentlyHeadedOn
+\mergeDifferentlyDottedOn
@end example
@noindent
to the start of that section and
@example
-\revert Staff.NoteCollision #'merge-differently-headed
-\revert Staff.NoteCollision #'merge-differently-dotted
+\mergeDifferentlyHeadedOff
+\mergeDifferentlyDottedOff
@end example
@noindent
\bar "||"
\time 6/4
bes2.^\markup {\bold "Moderato"} r8
- \override Staff.NoteCollision #'merge-differently-headed = ##t
- \override Staff.NoteCollision #'merge-differently-dotted = ##t
+ \mergeDifferentlyHeadedOn
+ \mergeDifferentlyDottedOn
% Start polyphonic section of four voices
<<
{c,8[ d fis bes a] | }
\\
{s4 fis4. | }
>>
- \revert Staff.NoteCollision #'merge-differently-headed
- \revert Staff.NoteCollision #'merge-differently-dotted
+ \mergeDifferentlyHeadedOff
+ \mergeDifferentlyDottedOff
g2.\)
}
}
@end lilypond
-These overrides have merged the two F-sharp notes, but not the two
+These overrides have merged the two F-sharp notes, but not the two
on D. Why not? The answer is there in the same section in the
-Notation Reference -- notes being merged must have stems in
-opposite directions and two notes cannot be merged successfully if
-there is a third note in the same note column. Here the two D's
+Notation Reference -- notes being merged must have stems in
+opposite directions and two notes cannot be merged successfully if
+there is a third note in the same note column. Here the two D's
both have upward stems and there is a third note -- the C. We know
how to change the stem direction using @code{\stemDown}, and
the Notation Reference also says how to move the C -- apply a shift
The C is in voice two which has shift off, and the two D's are in
voices one and three, which have shift off and shift on,
respectively. So we have to shift the C a further level still
-using @code{\shiftOnn} to avoid it interfering with the two D's.
+using @code{\shiftOnn} to avoid it interfering with the two D's.
Applying these changes gives:
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
\bar "||"
\time 6/4
bes2.^\markup {\bold "Moderato"} r8
- \override Staff.NoteCollision #'merge-differently-headed = ##t
- \override Staff.NoteCollision #'merge-differently-dotted = ##t
+ \mergeDifferentlyHeadedOn
+ \mergeDifferentlyDottedOn
% Start polyphonic section of four voices
<<
{c,8[ d fis bes a] | }
\\
{s4 fis4. | }
>>
- \revert Staff.NoteCollision #'merge-differently-headed
- \revert Staff.NoteCollision #'merge-differently-dotted
+ \mergeDifferentlyHeadedOff
+ \mergeDifferentlyDottedOff
g2.\)
}
\bar "||"
\time 6/4
bes2.^\markup {\bold "Moderato"} r8
- \override Staff.NoteCollision #'merge-differently-headed = ##t
- \override Staff.NoteCollision #'merge-differently-dotted = ##t
+ \mergeDifferentlyHeadedOn
+ \mergeDifferentlyDottedOn
<<
{c,8[ d fis bes a] | }
\\
\\
{s4 fis4.}
>>
- \revert Staff.NoteCollision #'merge-differently-headed
- \revert Staff.NoteCollision #'merge-differently-dotted
+ \mergeDifferentlyHeadedOff
+ \mergeDifferentlyDottedOff
g2.\)
}
* Using variables for tweaks::
* Other sources of information::
* Avoiding tweaks with slower processing::
-* Advanced tweaks with Scheme::
+* Advanced tweaks with Scheme::
@end menu
@node Other uses for tweaks
to simulate a fermata in the MIDI output we would not want the
metronome markings to appear in the printed output, and we would
not want it to influence the spacing between the two systems or
-the spacing of the notes on the staff. So setting its
-@code{stencil} property to @code{#f} would be the best way.
+the positions of adjacent annotations on the staff. So setting
+its @code{stencil} property to @code{#f} would be the best way.
We show here the effect of the two methods:
@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
\tempo 4=120
a4 a a
\once \override Score.MetronomeMark #'transparent = ##t
- % Invisible tempo marking to lengthen fermata note in MIDI
+ % Invisible tempo marking to lengthen fermata in MIDI
\tempo 4=80
a\fermata
- \once \override Score.MetronomeMark #'stencil = ##f
- % Invisible tempo marking to restore tempo in MIDI
+ % New tempo for next section
+ \tempo 4=100
+ a a a a
+ }
+ \layout { }
+ \midi { }
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
+\score {
+ \relative c'' {
+ % Visible tempo marking
\tempo 4=120
+ a4 a a
+ \once \override Score.MetronomeMark #'stencil = ##f
+ % Invisible tempo marking to lengthen fermata in MIDI
+ \tempo 4=80
+ a\fermata
+ % New tempo for next section
+ \tempo 4=100
a a a a
}
\layout { }
@end lilypond
@noindent
-Both methods remove the metronome mark from the printed output,
-and both affect the MIDI timing as required, but the first
-(transparent) metronome mark still influences the note spacing
-while the second (with no stencil) does not.
+Both methods remove the metronome mark which lengthens the fermata
+from the printed output, and both affect the MIDI timing as
+required, but the transparent metronome mark in the first line
+forces the following tempo indication too high while the
+second (with the stencil removed) does not.
@node Using variables for tweaks
@subsection Using variables for tweaks
The Internals Reference documentation contains a lot of information
about LilyPond, but even more information can be gathered by
-looking at the internal LilyPond files. To explore these, first
-find the directory appropriate to your system, as follows:
+looking at the internal LilyPond files. To explore these, you must
+first find the directory appropriate to your system. The location
+of this directory depends (a) on whether you obtained LilyPond
+by downloading a precompiled binary from lilypond.org
+or whether you installed it from a package manager (i.e.
+distributed with Linux, or installed under fink or cygwin) or
+compiled it from source, and (b) on which operating system it is
+being used:
+
+@strong{Downloaded from lilypond.org}
-@strong{Linux}
+@itemize @bullet
+@item Linux
Navigate to
-@file{@var{installdir}/lilypond/usr/share/lilypond/current/}
+@file{@var{INSTALLDIR}/lilypond/usr/share/lilypond/current/}
-@strong{MacOS X}
+@item MacOS X
Navigate to
-@file{@var{installdir}/LilyPond.app/Contents/Resources/share/lilypond/current/}
+@file{@var{INSTALLDIR}/LilyPond.app/Contents/Resources/share/lilypond/current/}
by either @code{cd}-ing into this directory from the
Terminal, or control-clicking on the LilyPond application and
selecting @q{Show Package Contents}.
-@strong{Windows}
+@item Windows
Using Windows Explorer, navigate to
-@file{@var{installdir}/LilyPond/usr/share/lilypond/current/}
+@file{@var{INSTALLDIR}/LilyPond/usr/share/lilypond/current/}
+
+@end itemize
+
+@strong{Installed from a package manager or compiled from source}
+
+Navigate to
+@file{@var{PREFIX}/share/lilypond/@var{X.Y.Z}/}, where
+@var{PREFIX} is set by your package manager or @code{configure}
+script, and @var{X.Y.Z} is the LilyPond version number.
+
+@smallspace
Within this directory the two interesting subdirectories are
@itemize
-@item @file{../ly/ } - contains files in LilyPond format
-@item @file{../scm/} - contains files in Scheme format
+@item @file{ly/} - contains files in LilyPond format
+@item @file{scm/} - contains files in Scheme format
@end itemize
-Let's begin by looking at some files in @file{../ly/}.
-Open @file{../ly/property-init.ly} in a text editor. The one
+Let's begin by looking at some files in @file{ly/}.
+Open @file{ly/property-init.ly} in a text editor. The one
you normally use for @code{.ly} files will be fine. This file
contains the definitions of all the standard LilyPond built-in
commands, such as @code{\stemUp} and @code{\slurDotted}. You will
head of your input file.
The following are the most useful files to be found in
-@file{../ly/}:
+@file{ly/}:
@multitable @columnfractions .4 .6
@headitem Filename
@tab Contents
-@item @file{../ly/engraver-init.ly}
+@item @file{ly/engraver-init.ly}
@tab Definitions of engraver Contexts
-@item @file{../ly/paper-defaults.ly}
+@item @file{ly/paper-defaults.ly}
@tab Specifications of paper-related defaults
-@item @file{../ly/performer-init.ly}
+@item @file{ly/performer-init.ly}
@tab Definitions of performer Contexts
-@item @file{../ly/property-init.ly}
+@item @file{ly/property-init.ly}
@tab Definitions of all common built-in commands
@end multitable
@multitable @columnfractions .4 .6
@headitem Filename
@tab Contents
-@item @file{../scm/auto-beam.scm}
+@item @file{scm/auto-beam.scm}
@tab Sub-beaming defaults
-@item @file{../scm/define-grobs.scm}
+@item @file{scm/define-grobs.scm}
@tab Default settings for grob properties
-@item @file{../scm/define-markup-commands.scm}
+@item @file{scm/define-markup-commands.scm}
@tab Specify all markup commands
-@item @file{../scm/midi.scm}
+@item @file{scm/midi.scm}
@tab Default settings for MIDI output
-@item @file{../scm/output-lib.scm}
+@item @file{scm/output-lib.scm}
@tab Settings that affect appearance of frets, colors,
accidentals, bar lines, etc
-@item @file{../scm/parser-clef.scm}
+@item @file{scm/parser-clef.scm}
@tab Definitions of supported clefs
-@item @file{../scm/script.scm}
+@item @file{scm/script.scm}
@tab Default settings for articulations
@end multitable
-
-
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff