version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
@end ignore
-@c \version "2.11.65"
+@c \version "2.12.0"
@node Text
@section Text
* Fonts::
@end menu
+@node Writing text
+@subsection Writing text
+
+This section introduces different ways of adding text to a score.
+
@cindex Text, other languages
@warning{To write accented and special text (such as characters
from other languages), simply insert the characters directly into
the LilyPond file. The file must be saved as UTF-8. For more
information, see @ref{Text encoding}.}
-@node Writing text
-@subsection Writing text
-
-This section introduces different ways of adding text to a score.
-
@menu
* Text scripts::
* Text spanners::
@cindex non-empty texts
@cindex quoted text
-Simple @qq{quoted text} indications may be added
-to a score, as demonstrated in the following example.
-Such indications may be manually placed
-above or below the staff, using the
-syntax described in @ref{Direction and
-placement}.
+Simple @qq{quoted text} indications may be added to a score.
-@lilypond[quote,fragment,ragged-right,verbatim,relative=1]
-d8^"pizz." e f g a4-"scherz." f
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
+a8^"pizz." g f e a4-"scherz." f
@end lilypond
This syntax is actually a shorthand; more complex text
formatting may be added to a note by explicitly using a
@code{\markup} block, as described in @ref{Formatting text}.
-@lilypond[quote,fragment,ragged-right,verbatim,relative=1]
-d8^\markup { \italic pizz. } e f g
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
+a8^\markup { \italic pizz. } g f e
a4_\markup { \tiny scherz. \bold molto } f
@end lilypond
+@qq{Quoted text} and @code{\markup} commands may be manually
+placed above or below the staff; see @ref{Direction and
+placement}.
+
By default, text indications do not influence the note spacing.
However, their widths can be taken into account:
in the following example, the first text string does not affect
spacing, whereas the second one does.
-@lilypond[quote,fragment,ragged-right,verbatim,relative=1]
-d8^"pizz." e f g
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
+a8^"pizz." g f e
\textLengthOn
a4_"scherzando" f
@end lilypond
Such objects, called @qq{spanners}, may be created
from one note to another using the following syntax:
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
\override TextSpanner #'(bound-details left text) = "rit."
b1\startTextSpan
e,\stopTextSpan
but different formatting can be obtained using
@code{\markup} blocks, as described in @ref{Formatting text}.
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2,verbatim]
+@lilypond[quote,relative=2,verbatim]
\override TextSpanner #'(bound-details left text) =
\markup { \upright "rit." }
b1\startTextSpan c
The line style, as well as the text string, can be defined as an
object property. This syntax is described in @ref{Line styles}.
+Text spanners may be manually placed above or below the staff; see
+@ref{Direction and placement}.
+
@predefined
@funindex textSpannerUp
@seealso
Notation Reference:
@ref{Line styles},
-@ref{Dynamics}.
+@ref{Dynamics},
+@ref{Direction and placement}.
Snippets:
@rlsr{Text}.
@c \mark needs to be placed on a separate line (it's not
@c attached to an object like \markup is). -vv
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,fragment,relative=2]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
c4
\mark "Allegro"
c c c
more complex text formatting may be added using a @code{\markup}
block, as described in @ref{Formatting text}:
-@lilypond[fragment,quote,ragged-right,verbatim,relative=1]
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=1]
<c e>1
\mark \markup { \italic { colla parte } }
<d f>2 <e g>
or fermata, by specifying the appropriate symbol name as explained in
@ref{Music notation inside markup}:
-@lilypond[fragment,quote,ragged-right,verbatim,relative=1]
-<f bes>2 <d aes'>
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
+<bes f>2 <aes d>
\mark \markup { \musicglyph #"scripts.ufermata" }
<e g>1
@end lilypond
can be placed above the bar line or between notes. When specified at a
line break, the mark will be printed at the beginning of the next line.
-@lilypond[fragment,quote,ragged-right,verbatim,relative=2]
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
\mark "Allegro"
c1 c
\mark "assai" \break
several music pieces, as described in
@ref{Multiple scores in a book}.
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim]
\score {
c'1
}
@endpredefined
-@ignore
@snippets
-TODO: add convenient snippets in input/new -vv
-@end ignore
-
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc,doctitle]
+{stand-alone-two-column-markup.ly}
@seealso
Notation Reference: @ref{Formatting text},
entered using the backslash @code{\} character.
Such commands only affect the first following expression.
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment,relative=1]
-e1-\markup intenso
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
+a1-\markup intenso
a2^\markup { poco \italic più forte }
c e1
d2_\markup { \italic "string. assai" }
the formatting of the text. Double quotation marks themselves
may be printed by preceding them with backslashes.
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment,relative=1]
-d1^"\italic markup..."
-d_\markup { \italic "... prints \"italic\" letters!" }
-d d
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
+a1^"\italic markup..."
+a_\markup { \italic "... prints \"italic\" letters!" }
+a a
@end lilypond
To be treated as a distinct expression, a list of words needs
following example, the second @code{\markup} expression is
treated the same as the first one:
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment,relative=1]
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
c1^\markup { \center-column { a bbb c } }
c1^\markup { \center-column { a { bbb c } } }
c1^\markup { \center-column { a \line { bbb c } } }
example, there is no difference
between the first and the second markup.
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment,relative=1]
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
d1-\markup { poco }
f
d-\markup { \left-align poco }
Horizontal alignment may be fine-tuned
using a numeric value:
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment,relative=1]
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
a1-\markup { \halign #-1 poco }
e'
a,-\markup { \halign #0 poco }
two possibilities; the last markup in this example has no anchor
point, and therefore is not moved.
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment,relative=1]
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=1]
d2^\markup {
Acte I
\raise #2 { Scène 1 }
affected by these commands must be preceded with an
anchor point:
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment,relative=1]
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=1]
d2^\markup {
Acte I
\translate #'(-1 . 2) "Scène 1"
Encapsulated PostScript format (@emph{eps}), or
to directly embed graphics into the input file,
using native PostScript code. In such a case, it
-may be useful to explicitely specify the size of the
+may be useful to explicitly specify the size of the
drawing, as demonstrated below:
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment,relative=1]
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=1]
c1^\markup {
\combine
\epsfile #X #10 #"./context-example.eps"
Notes and accidentals can be entered using markup
commands:
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment,relative=2]
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
a2 a^\markup {
\note #"4" #1
=
Other notation objects may also be printed
in markup mode:
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment,relative=1]
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=1]
g1 bes
ees-\markup {
\finger 4
below; an exhaustive list of these symbols and their
names can be found in @ref{The Feta font}.
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment,relative=2]
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
c2
c'^\markup { \musicglyph #"eight" }
c,4
c2^\markup { \musicglyph #"timesig.neomensural94" }
@end lilypond
-@c TODO: add \lookup here? -vv
-@c Probably better not to document \lookup, which is useful only for
-@c printing braces, and instead document \left-brace and \right-brace
-@c when these become available -td
-
@noindent
-Another way of printing non-text glyphs is described
-in @ref{Fonts explained}.
+Another way of printing non-text glyphs is described in
+@ref{Fonts explained}. This is useful for printing braces of
+various sizes.
The markup mode also supports diagrams for specific
instruments:
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment,relative=2]
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
c1^\markup {
\fret-diagram-terse #"x;x;o;2;3;2;"
}
In such a case, the nested @code{\score} block must
contain a @code{\layout} block, as demonstrated here:
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment,relative=1]
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=1]
c4 d^\markup {
\score {
- \relative { c4 d e f }
+ \relative c' { c4 d e f }
\layout { }
}
}
@cindex Pango
@cindex fonts, explained
+@cindex braces, various sizes
@funindex font-interface
Fonts are handled through several libraries.
The following syntax allows various LilyPond @code{feta} non-text
fonts to be used directly in markup mode:
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment,relative=2]
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
a1^\markup {
\vcenter {
\override #'(font-encoding . fetaBraces)
@end lilypond
@noindent
-A simpler, but more limited syntax is also described in
-@ref{Music notation inside markup}.
+However, all these glyphs except the braces of various sizes
+contained in @code{fetaBraces} are available using the
+simpler syntax described in @ref{Music notation inside markup}.
+
+When using the glyphs contained in @code{fetaBraces}, the size of
+the brace is specified by the numerical part of the glyph name, in
+arbitrary units. Any integer from @code{0} to @code{575} inclusive
+may be specified, @code{0} giving the smallest brace. The optimum
+value must be determined by trial and error. These glyphs are all
+left braces; right braces may be obtained by rotation, see
+@ref{Rotating objects}.
Three families of text fonts are made available: the
@emph{roman} (serif) font, that defaults to New Century
Any font that is installed on the operating system and recognized
by FontConfig may be used in a score, using the following syntax:
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,fragment,relative=1]
+@lilypond[quote,verbatim,relative=2]
\override Staff.TimeSignature #'font-name = #"Charter"
\override Staff.TimeSignature #'font-size = #2
\time 3/4
-c1_\markup {
+a1_\markup {
\override #'(font-name . "Vera Bold")
{ Vera Bold }
}