* Deeper nested staff groups::
@end menu
+
@node Instantiating new staves
@unnumberedsubsubsec Instantiating new staves
Notation Reference:
@ref{Creating contexts},
@ref{Percussion staves},
+@ref{Showing melody rhythms},
@ref{Default tablatures},
-@ref{Gregorian chant contexts},
-@ref{Mensural contexts},
-@ref{Staff symbol},
@ref{Pre-defined contexts},
-@ref{Showing melody rhythms}.
+@ref{Staff symbol},
+@ref{Gregorian chant contexts},
+@ref{Mensural contexts}.
Snippets:
@rlsr{Staff notation}.
>>
@end lilypond
-The @code{PianoStaff} is almost identical to a @code{GrandStaff},
-except that it supports printing the instrument name directly.
-For details, see @ref{Instrument names}.
+The @code{PianoStaff} is identical to a @code{GrandStaff}, except
+that it supports printing the instrument name directly. For
+details, see @ref{Instrument names}.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
\new PianoStaff <<
Internals Reference:
@rinternals{Staff},
+@rinternals{StaffGroup},
@rinternals{ChoirStaff},
@rinternals{GrandStaff},
@rinternals{PianoStaff},
-@rinternals{StaffGroup},
@rinternals{SystemStartBar},
@rinternals{SystemStartBrace},
@rinternals{SystemStartBracket},
Two additional staff-group contexts are available that can be
nested within a @code{StaffGroup} or @code{ChoirStaff} context:
@code{InnerStaffGroup} and @code{InnerChoirStaff}. These contexts
-create an additional bracket next to the original bracket of their
-parent staff group.
+create a bracket next to the original bracket of their parent
+staff group.
An @code{InnerStaffGroup} is treated similarly to a
@code{StaffGroup}; bar lines are connected between each stave
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
\new StaffGroup <<
- \new Staff { c2 c }
+ \new Staff { c2 c | c2 c }
\new InnerStaffGroup <<
- \new Staff { g2 g }
- \new Staff { e2 e }
+ \new Staff { g2 g | g2 g }
+ \new Staff { e2 e | e2 e }
>>
>>
@end lilypond
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
\new ChoirStaff <<
- \new Staff { c2 c }
+ \new Staff { c2 c | c2 c }
\new InnerChoirStaff <<
- \new Staff { g2 g }
- \new Staff { e2 e }
+ \new Staff { g2 g | g2 g }
+ \new Staff { e2 e | e2 e }
>>
- \new Staff { c1 }
+ \new Staff { c1 | c1 }
>>
@end lilypond
@rinternals{ChoirStaff},
@rinternals{SystemStartBar},
@rinternals{SystemStartBrace},
-@rinternals{SystemStartBracket}.
+@rinternals{SystemStartBracket},
+@rinternals{SystemStartSquare}.
@node Modifying single staves
@cindex spacing of ledger lines
@cindex number of staff lines
-The grob @code{StaffSymbol} is responsible for drawing the lines
-of a staff. Its properties can be altered in order to change the
-appearance of a staff, but they must be changed before the staff
-is created. A staff may be started or stopped at any point in the
-score.
+The lines of a staff belong to the @code{StaffSymbol} grob.
+@code{StaffSymbol} properties can be modified to change the
+appearance of a staff, but they must be modified before the staff
+is created.
The number of staff lines may be changed. The clef position and
the position of middle C may need to be modified to fit the new
@ref{Clef}.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\new Staff {
- \override Staff.StaffSymbol #'line-count = #3
- d4 d d d
+\new Staff \with {
+ \override StaffSymbol #'line-count = #3
}
+{ d4 d d d }
@end lilypond
The vertical position of staff lines and the number of staff lines
-can be defined at the same time. As the example shows, the
-positions of the notes are not influenced by the position of the
-staff lines. Details for modifying this property are found in
-@rinternals{staff-symbol-interface}.
+can be defined at the same time. As the following example shows,
+note positions are not influenced by the staff line positions.
@warning{The @code{'line-positions} property overrides the
@code{'line-count} property. The number of staff lines is
{ a4 e' f b | d1 }
@end lilypond
-The staff line thickness can be modified. The thickness of ledger
+Staff line thickness can be modified. The thickness of ledger
lines and stems are also affected, since they depend on staff line
thickness.
{ e4 d c b }
@end lilypond
-The thickness of ledger lines can be set independently of staff
-line thickness. A description of this property is also found in
-@rinternals{staff-symbol-interface}.
+Ledger line thickness can be set independently of staff line
+thickness.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
\new Staff \with {
{ e4 d c b }
@end lilypond
-The distance between staff lines can be changed. The setting has
+The distance between staff lines can be changed. This setting has
influence on ledger lines as well.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
{ a4 b c d }
@end lilypond
-The width of a staff can be adjusted. The unit is one staff
+The width of a staff can be modified. The unit is one staff
space. The spacing of objects inside the staff is not influenced
by this setting.
{ a4 e' f b | d1 }
@end lilypond
+Further details about the properties of @code{StaffSymbol} can be
+found here: @rinternals{staff-symbol-interface}.
+
+@funindex \startStaff
+@funindex \stopStaff
+
Modifications to staff properties in the middle of a score can be
placed between @code{\stopStaff} and @code{\startStaff}:
@predefined
-@funindex \startStaff
@code{\startStaff},
-@funindex \stopStaff
@code{\stopStaff}.
@knownissues
-When setting staff lines manually, bar lines are always drawn
-centered on the position 0, so the maximum distance of the bar
-lines in either direction must be equal.
+When setting vertical staff line positions manually, bar lines are
+always centered on position 0, so the maximum distance between the
+outermost bar lines in either direction must be equal.
@node Ossia staves
@node Hiding staves
@unnumberedsubsubsec Hiding staves
-@cindex Frenched scores
+@cindex Frenched score
+@cindex Frenched staff
@cindex staff, hiding
@cindex staff, empty
@cindex hiding of staves
@cindex empty staves
-@cindex Frenched staves
-In orchestral scores, staff lines that only have rests are usually
-removed in order to save some space. This style is called
-@q{French Score}. For the @code{Lyrics}, @code{ChordNames}, and
-@code{FiguredBass} contexts, this is switched on by default.
+Staff lines can be hidden by removing the
+@code{Staff_symbol_engraver} from the @code{Staff} context. As an
+alternative, @code{\stopStaff} may be used.
-For other staff contexts, this behavior is set with the
-@code{\RemoveEmptyStaffContext} command. It is set in the
-@code{\layout} block. As a result, empty staves or staves
-containing multi-measure rests are removed after a line break.
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\new Staff \with {
+ \remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
+}
+\relative c''' { a8 f e16 d c b a2 }
+@end lilypond
+
+@funindex \RemoveEmptyStaffContext
+
+Empty staves can be hidden by setting the
+@code{\RemoveEmptyStaffContext} command in the @code{\layout}
+block. In orchestral scores, this style is known as @q{Frenched
+Score}. By default, this command hides all empty staves in a
+score except for those in the first system.
+
+@warning{An empty staff may only include multi-measure rests,
+skips, spacer rests, or a combination of these.}
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
\layout {
\RemoveEmptyStaffContext
}
}
-\relative c'' {
- <<
- \new Staff { e4 f g a \break c1 }
- \new Staff { c4 d e f \break R1 }
- >>
-}
+\relative c' <<
+ \new Staff {
+ e4 f g a \break
+ b1 \break
+ a4 b c2
+ }
+ \new Staff {
+ c,4 d e f \break
+ R1 \break
+ f4 g c,2
+ }
+>>
@end lilypond
-To remove other types of contexts, use
-@code{\AncientRemoveEmptyStaffContext} or
-@code{\RemoveEmptyRhythmicStaffContext}.
-
@cindex ossia
-Another application of @code{\RemoveEmptyStaffContext} is to make
-ossia sections, i.e., alternative melodies on a separate piece of
-staff, with help of a Frenched staff. For details, see
-@ref{Ossia staves}.
-
-Staff lines can be made invisible by removing the
-@code{Staff_symbol_engraver} from the @code{Staff} context:
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\new Staff \with {
- \remove "Staff_symbol_engraver"
-}
-\relative c'' { c8 c c16 c c c c2 }
-@end lilypond
-
+@code{\RemoveEmptyStaffContext} can also be used to create ossia
+sections for a staff. For details, see @ref{Ossia staves}.
-@snippets
+@cindex hiding ancient staves
+@cindex hiding rhythmic staves
+@funindex \AncientRemoveEmptyStaffContext
+@funindex \RemoveEmptyRhythmicStaffContext
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
-{removing-the-first-empty-line.ly}
+The @code{\AncientRemoveEmptyStaffContext} command may be used to
+hide empty staves in ancient music contexts. Similarly,
+@code{\RemoveEmptyRhythmicStaffContext} may be used to hide empty
+@code{RhythmicStaff} contexts.
@predefined
-@funindex \RemoveEmptyStaffContext
@code{\RemoveEmptyStaffContext},
-@funindex \AncientRemoveEmptyStaffContext
@code{\AncientRemoveEmptyStaffContext},
-@funindex \RemoveEmptyRhythmicStaffContext
@code{\RemoveEmptyRhythmicStaffContext}.
+@snippets
+
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{removing-the-first-empty-line.ly}
+
+
@seealso
+Music Glossary:
+@rglos{Frenched staff}.
+
Notation Reference:
@ref{Staff symbol},
@ref{Ossia staves}.
@cindex metronome marking with text
@funindex \tempo
-Basic metronome markings can be entered as follows:
+A basic metronome mark is simple to write:
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
-\tempo 2 = 120
-c1
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
+\tempo 4 = 120
+c2 d
+e4. d8 c2
@end lilypond
-Textual tempo indications can be used instead:
+Tempo indications with text can be used instead:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
\tempo "Allegretto"
-d2 c
+c4 e d c
+b4. a16 b c4 r4
@end lilypond
-The combination of a metronome marking and textual description
-will automatically place the metronome marking within parentheses:
+Combining a metronome mark and text will automatically place the
+metronome mark within parentheses:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
\tempo "Allegro" 4 = 160
g4 c d e
+d4 b g2
@end lilypond
-To write a metronome marking in parentheses without the text,
-include an empty string in the input:
+In general, the text can be any markup object:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\tempo \markup { \italic Faster } 4 = 132
+a8-. r8 b-. r gis-. r a-. r
+@end lilypond
+
+A parenthesized metronome mark with no textual indication may be
+written by including an empty string in the input:
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
\tempo "" 8 = 96
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right,relative=1]
\set Staff.instrumentName = "Violin "
\set Staff.shortInstrumentName = "Vln "
-c1
+c4.. g'16 c4.. g'16
\break
-c''1
+c1
@end lilypond
Markup mode can be used to create more complicated instrument
\set Staff.instrumentName = \markup {
\column { "Clarinetti"
\line { "in B" \smaller \flat } } }
-c1
+c4 c,16 d e f g2
@end lilypond
@cindex instrument names, centering
@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
<<
+ \new Staff {
+ \set Staff.instrumentName = "Flute"
+ f2 g4 f
+ }
\new Staff {
\set Staff.instrumentName = \markup \center-column {
Clarinetti
\line { "in B" \smaller \flat }
}
- c1
- }
- \new Staff {
- \set Staff.instrumentName = "Vibraphone"
- c1
+ c4 b c2
}
>>
@end lilypond
@cindex indent
@cindex short-indent
-The @code{indent} and @code{short-indent} settings specify the
-level of indentation for the first system and all succeeding
-systems, respectively. They can be modified in the @code{\layout}
-block. For longer instrument names or short instrument names, it
-may be useful to increase the @code{indent} and
-@code{short-indent} settings:
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
-\relative c' <<
- \new Staff \with {
- instrumentName = "Oboe"
- }
- { c2 d }
- \new Staff \with {
- instrumentName = "Glockenspiel"
- }
- { c'2 d }
->>
+However, if the instrument names are longer, the instrument names
+in a staff group may not be centered unless the @code{indent} and
+@code{short-indent} settings are increased. The @code{indent} and
+@code{short-indent} settings are modified in the @code{\layout}
+block and specify the level of indentation for the first system
+and all succeeding systems, respectively.
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
\layout {
indent = 2.5\cm
+ short-indent = 1.5\cm
}
+
+\relative c'' <<
+ \new Staff {
+ \set Staff.instrumentName = "Flute"
+ \set Staff.shortInstrumentName = "Fl."
+ f2 g4 f \break
+ g4 f g2
+ }
+ \new Staff {
+ \set Staff.instrumentName = "Clarinet"
+ \set Staff.shortInstrumentName = "Clar."
+ c,4 b c2 \break
+ c2 b4 c
+ }
+>>
@end lilypond
To add instrument names to other contexts (such as
@end lilypond
-@snippets
-
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
-{aligning-and-centering-instrument-names.ly}
-
-
@seealso
Notation Reference:
implicitly, and occurs simultaneously with @var{music}, which
creates a polyphonic situation. The @var{voice} argument
determines whether the cue notes should be notated as a first or
-second voice; @code{DOWN} corresponds to the first voice, and
-@code{UP} corresponds to the second.
+second voice; @code{UP} corresponds to the first voice, and
+@code{DOWN} corresponds to the second.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
oboe = \relative c'' {
explicitly declared, or else the entire music expression would
belong to the @code{CueVoice} context.
-@c TODO document \killCues
-@c TODO document instrumentCueName context property
+The name of the cued instrument can be printed by setting the
+@code{instrumentCueName} property.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+oboe = \relative c''' {
+ g4 r8 e16 f e4 d
+}
+\addQuote oboe { \oboe }
+
+\new Staff \relative c'' <<
+ \new CueVoice \with {
+ instrumentCueName = "ob."
+ }
+ \new Voice {
+ \cueDuring #"oboe" #UP { R1 }
+ g4. b8 d2
+ }
+>>
+@end lilypond
+
+The @code{\killCues} command is used to remove the cue notes from
+a music expression.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+flute = \relative c''' {
+ r2 cis2 r2 dis2
+}
+\addQuote flute { \flute }
+
+\new Voice \relative c'' {
+ \killCues {
+ \cueDuring #"flute" #UP { R1 }
+ g4. b8 d2
+ }
+}
+@end lilypond
When typesetting cue notes, some guidelines should be followed:
@end itemize
The @code{\transposedCueDuring} command is useful to add cues for
-instruments in a completely different register. Having piccolo
-cues within a contrabassoon part is a good example.
+instruments in a completely different register. The syntax is
+similar to @code{\cueDuring}, but it requires one more argument to
+specify the transposition of the cued instrument. For more
+information about transposition, see
+@ref{Instrument transpositions}.
@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
piccolo = \relative c''' {
@seealso
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Instrument transpositions}.
+
Snippets:
@rlsr{Staff notation}.
Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{CueVoice},
@rinternals{Voice}.
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