version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
@end ignore
-@c \version "2.11.38"
+@c \version "2.11.51"
@node Staff notation
@section Staff notation
@lilypondfile[quote]{staff-headword.ly}
-
-This section explains how to influence the staff appearance,
-print scores with more than one staff, and
-how to apply specific performance marks to single staves.
+This section explains how to influence the staff appearance, print
+scores with more than one staff, and how to apply specific
+performance marks to single staves.
@menu
* Displaying staves::
@end menu
@node Instantiating new staves
-@subsubsection Instantiating new staves
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Instantiating new staves
@cindex new staff
@cindex staff initiation
@cindex tabstaff
@cindex tablature
-The lines of a staff (pl. staves) are produced by the @code{staff symbol}
-layout object. Staves are created with the @code{\new} or
+Staves (sg. staff) are created with the @code{\new} or
@code{\context} commands. For an explanation on these commands,
see @ref{Creating contexts}.
-There are different predefined staff contexts available in LilyPond:
+There are different predefined staff contexts available in
+LilyPond:
@itemize
@item
The default is @code{Staff}:
-@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
-\relative c'' {
- \new Staff { c d e f }
-}
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\new Staff { c4 d e f }
@end lilypond
@item
-@code{DrumStaff} creates a five line staff set up for a typical drum set.
-It uses different names for each instrument. The instrument names have to
-be set using the @code{drummode}. See @ref{Percussion staves}.
-@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
+@code{DrumStaff} creates a five line staff set up for a typical
+drum set. It uses different names for each instrument. The
+instrument names have to be set using the @code{drummode}. See
+@ref{Percussion staves}.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
\new DrumStaff {
\drummode { cymc hh ss tomh }
}
@end lilypond
+@c FIXME: remove when mentioned in NR 2.8
@item
-@code{GregorianTranscriptionStaff} sets up a staff to notate modern
-Gregorian chant. It does not show bar lines.
-@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
-\relative c'' {
- \new GregorianTranscriptionStaff { c d e f }
-}
+@code{GregorianTranscriptionStaff} sets up a staff to notate
+modern Gregorian chant. It does not show bar lines.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\new GregorianTranscriptionStaff { c4 d e f }
@end lilypond
@item
-@code{RhythmicStaff} can be used to show the rhythm of some music. The
-notes are printed on one line regardless of their pitch, but the duration
-is preserved. See @ref{Showing melody rhythms}.
-@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
-\relative c'' {
- \new RhythmicStaff { c d e f }
-}
+@code{RhythmicStaff} can be used to show the rhythm of some music.
+The notes are printed on one line regardless of their pitch, but
+the duration is preserved. See @ref{Showing melody rhythms}.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\new RhythmicStaff { c4 d e f }
@end lilypond
@item
-@code{TabStaff} creates by default a tablature with six strings in
-standard guitar tuning. See @ref{Tablatures basic}.
-@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
-\relative c'' {
- \new TabStaff { c d e f }
-}
+@code{TabStaff} creates by default a tablature with six strings in
+standard guitar tuning. See @ref{Default tablatures}.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\new TabStaff { c4 d e f }
@end lilypond
@end itemize
@noindent
-Besides these staves there are two staff contexts specific for the notation
-of ancient music: @code{MensuralStaff} and @code{VaticanaStaff}. They are
-described in @ref{Pre-defined contexts}.
+Besides these staves there are two staff contexts specific for the
+notation of ancient music: @code{MensuralStaff} and
+@code{VaticanaStaff}. They are described in @ref{Pre-defined
+contexts}.
-Once a staff is instantiated it can be started or stopped at every point
-in the score. This is done with the commands @code{\startStaff} and
-@code{\stopStaff}. How to use it is explained in @ref{Staff symbol}.
+Once a staff is instantiated it can be started or stopped at every
+point in the score. This is done with the commands
+@code{\startStaff} and @code{\stopStaff}. How to use it is
+explained in @ref{Staff symbol}.
@seealso
-Music Glossary: @rglos{staff}, @rglos{staves}.
-
-Notation Reference: @ref{Percussion staves},
-@ref{Tablatures basic}, @ref{Gregorian Chant contexts}, and
-@ref{Mensural contexts}.
-
-Snippets: @lsrdir{Staff,Staff-notation}.
-
-Internals Reference: @internalsref{Staff}, @internalsref{DrumStaff},
-@internalsref{GregorianTranscriptionStaff}, @internalsref{RhythmicStaff},
-@internalsref{TabStaff}, @internalsref{MensuralStaff},
-@internalsref{VaticanaStaff}.
-
+Music Glossary:
+@rglos{staff},
+@rglos{staves}.
+
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Creating contexts},
+@ref{Percussion staves},
+@ref{Default tablatures},
+@ref{Gregorian chant contexts},
+@ref{Mensural contexts},
+@ref{Staff symbol},
+@ref{Pre-defined contexts},
+@ref{Showing melody rhythms}.
+
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Staff notation}.
+
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{Staff},
+@rinternals{DrumStaff},
+@rinternals{GregorianTranscriptionStaff},
+@rinternals{RhythmicStaff},
+@rinternals{TabStaff},
+@rinternals{MensuralStaff},
+@rinternals{VaticanaStaff},
+@rinternals{StaffSymbol}.
@node Grouping staves
-@subsubsection Grouping staves
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Grouping staves
@cindex start of system
@cindex staff, multiple
@cindex choir staff
@cindex system
-LilyPond provides different types of contexts to group single staves
-together. These contexts influence in the first place the appearance
-of the system start delimiter, but they have also influence on the
-behavior of the bar lines.
-
-Each staff group context sets the property
-@code{systemStartDelimiter} to one of the values
-@code{SystemStartBar}, @code{SystemStartBrace},
-and @code{SystemStartBracket}. A fourth delimiter,
-@code{systemStartSquare}, is also available, but must be
-instantiated manually. The usage of this last delimiter is shown further
-down in the snippet section.
-
+LilyPond provides different types of contexts to group single
+staves together. These contexts influence in the first place the
+appearance of the system start delimiter, but they have also
+influence on the behavior of the bar lines.
@itemize
@item
If no context is specified, the default properties for the score
will be used: the group is started with a vertical line, and the
-bar lines are not connected.
+bar lines are not connected. The name of the beginning bar line
+grob is @code{SystemStartBar}.
-@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
-\relative c'' <<
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+<<
+ \new Staff { c1 c }
\new Staff { c1 c }
- \new Staff { c c }
>>
@end lilypond
@item
-In a @code{StaffGroup}, the bar lines will be drawn through
-all the staves, and the group is started with a bracket.
+In a @code{StaffGroup}, the bar lines will be drawn through all
+the staves, and the group is started with a bracket.
-@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
-\new StaffGroup {
- \relative c'' <<
- \new Staff { c1 c }
- \new Staff { c c }
- >>
-}
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\new StaffGroup <<
+ \new Staff { c1 c }
+ \new Staff { c1 c }
+>>
@end lilypond
@item
-In a @code{ChoirStaff}, the group is
-started with a bracket, but bar lines are not connected.
+In a @code{ChoirStaff}, the group is started with a bracket, but
+bar lines are not connected.
-@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
-\new ChoirStaff {
- \relative c'' <<
- \new Staff { c1 c }
- \new Staff { c c }
- >>
-}
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\new ChoirStaff <<
+ \new Staff { c1 c }
+ \new Staff { c1 c }
+>>
@end lilypond
@item
-In a @code{GrandStaff}, the group is started with a brace
-at the left, and bar lines are connected between the staves.
+In a @code{GrandStaff}, the group is started with a brace at the
+left, and bar lines are connected between the staves.
-@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
-\new GrandStaff {
- \relative c'' <<
- \new Staff { c1 c }
- \new Staff { c c }
- >>
-}
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\new GrandStaff <<
+ \new Staff { c1 c }
+ \new Staff { c1 c }
+>>
@end lilypond
@item
-The @code{PianoStaff} behaves almost as the @code{GrandStaff} but is
-optimized for setting piano music.
+The @code{PianoStaff} behaves almost as the @code{GrandStaff} but
+is optimized for setting piano music. In particular it supports
+the printing of an instrument name directly, see @ref{Instrument
+names}.
-@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
-\new PianoStaff {
- \relative c'' <<
- \new Staff { c1 c }
- \new Staff { c c }
- >>
-}
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\new PianoStaff <<
+ \new Staff { c1 c }
+ \new Staff { c1 c }
+>>
@end lilypond
@end itemize
-According to classic engraver rules an orchestral score consists of
-staves connected only with a single line at the beginning of the system.
-In LilyPond this is produced grouping the @code{Staff} contexts with
-@code{<< ... >>}.
+Each staff group context sets the property
+@code{systemStartDelimiter} to one of the values
+@code{SystemStartBar}, @code{SystemStartBrace}, and
+@code{SystemStartBracket}. A fourth delimiter,
+@code{systemStartSquare}, is also available, but must be
+instantiated manually. The usage of this last delimiter is shown
+further down in the snippet section.
+
+According to classic engraver rules an orchestral score consists
+of staves connected only with a single line at the beginning of
+the system. In LilyPond this is produced grouping the
+@code{Staff} contexts with @code{<< ... >>}.
-Each instrument family is grouped inside of a @code{StaffGroup} with a
-starting bracket. A group of same instruments or an instrument using
-more than one staff is grouped with braces in a @code{GrandStaff}.
+Each instrument family is grouped inside of a @code{StaffGroup}
+with a starting bracket. A group of same instruments or an
+instrument using more than one staff is grouped with braces in a
+@code{GrandStaff}.
As the context names tell, @code{PianoStaff} is used for notating
-piano music and @code{ChoirStaff} for all kind of vocal ensemble music.
+piano music and @code{ChoirStaff} for all kind of vocal ensemble
+music.
@snippets
-@c FIXME: not yet in master
-@c @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc]
-@c {use-square-bracket-at-the-start-of-a-staff-group.ly}
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{use-square-bracket-at-the-start-of-a-staff-group.ly}
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
{display-bracket-with-only-one-staff-in-a-system.ly}
@cindex mensurstriche layout
@cindex transcription of mensural music
@cindex mensural music, transcription of
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
{mensurstriche-layout-bar-lines-between-the-staves.ly}
+@c FIXME: move to NR 2.8.x when sectioning is ready
@seealso
-Music Glossary: @rglos{brace},
-@rglos{bracket}.
-
-Snippets: @lsrdir{Staff,Staff-notation}
+Music Glossary:
+@rglos{brace},
+@rglos{bracket},
+@rglos{grand staff}.
-Internals Reference: @internalsref{ChoirStaff},
-@internalsref{GrandStaff}, @internalsref{StaffGroup},
-@internalsref{SystemStartBar}, @internalsref{SystemStartBrace},
-@internalsref{SystemStartBracket}, and @internalsref{systemStartSquare}.
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Instrument names}.
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Staff notation}.
-@node Deeper nested staff groups
-@subsubsection Deeper nested staff groups
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{Staff},
+@rinternals{ChoirStaff},
+@rinternals{GrandStaff},
+@rinternals{PianoStaff},
+@rinternals{StaffGroup},
+@rinternals{systemStartDelimiter},
+@rinternals{SystemStartBar},
+@rinternals{SystemStartBrace},
+@rinternals{SystemStartBracket},
+@rinternals{systemStartSquare}.
-There are also two inner staff contexts named @code{InnerStaffGroup}
-and @code{InnerChoirStaffGroup} besides the grouping contexts mentioned
-in @ref{Grouping staves}. They behave in the same way as their simple
-counterparts, except that they are contained in another staff grouping
-context, thus producing one more bracket on top of the existing one.
-Note that @code{GrandStaff} and @code{PianoStaff} do not have any inner
-grouping contexts. They can both be inside any other staff context,
-including inner staff groups, though.
-Here is an example of an orchestral score using groupings and nesting
-of these groupings. Note that the instrument names are omitted from the
-source code, see @ref{Instrument names} how to set them.
+@node Deeper nested staff groups
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Deeper nested staff groups
+
+There are also two inner staff contexts named
+@code{InnerStaffGroup} and @code{InnerChoirStaffGroup} besides the
+grouping contexts mentioned in @ref{Grouping staves}. They behave
+in the same way as their simple counterparts, except that they are
+contained in another staff grouping context, thus producing one
+more bracket on top of the existing one. Note that
+@code{GrandStaff} and @code{PianoStaff} do not have any inner
+grouping contexts. They can both be inside any other staff
+context, including inner staff groups, though.
+
+Here is an example of an orchestral score using groupings and
+nesting of these groupings. Note that the instrument names are
+omitted from the source code, for instructions how to set them see
+@ref{Instrument names}.
@cindex staff, nested
@cindex staves, nested
@cindex inner staff group
@cindex inner choir staff group
-
@example
-\score @{ <<
+\score @{
+\relative c' <<
\new StaffGroup %woodwinds
<<
- \new Staff @{ c'1 d' @} %flute
+ \new Staff @{ c1 d @} %flute
\new InnerStaffGroup <<
- \new Staff @{ c' d' @} %sax
- \new Staff @{ c' d' @} %oboe
- \new Staff @{ c' d' @} %English horn
+ \new Staff @{ c1 d @} %sax
+ \new Staff @{ c1 d @} %oboe
+ \new Staff @{ c1 d @} %English horn
>>
- \new Staff @{ \clef bass c d @} %bassoon
+ \new Staff @{ \clef bass c,1 d @} %bassoon
>>
\new StaffGroup %the brass group
<<
- \new Staff @{ c' d' @} %trumpet
- \new Staff @{ \clef bass c d @} %trombone
+ \new Staff @{ c'1 d @} %trumpet
+ \new Staff @{ \clef bass c,1 d @} %trombone
\new GrandStaff %the horns need a GrandStaff (same instrument)
<<
- \new Staff @{ c' d' @}
- \new Staff @{ \clef bass c d @}
+ \new Staff @{ c'1 d @}
+ \new Staff @{ \clef bass c,1 d @}
>>
>>
\new ChoirStaff %for setting vocal music
<<
- \new Staff @{ c' d' @}
+ \new Staff @{ c'1 d @}
\new InnerChoirStaff <<
- \new Staff @{ c' d' @}
- \new Staff @{ c' d' @}
+ \new Staff @{ c1 d @}
+ \new Staff @{ c1 d @}
>>
- \new Staff @{ c' d' @}
+ \new Staff @{ c1 d @}
>>
\new PianoStaff %for the piano
<<
- \new Staff @{ c' d' @}
- \new Staff @{\clef bass c d @}
+ \new Staff @{ c1 d @}
+ \new Staff @{ \clef bass c,1 d @}
>>
>> @}
@end example
@c no verbatim so instrument names are only in the music
-@lilypond[ragged-right,quote]
-\score { <<
+@lilypond[quote]
+\score {
+\relative c' <<
\new StaffGroup %woodwinds
<<
- \new Staff {\set Staff.instrumentName = "fl" c'1 d' } %flute
+ \new Staff { \set Staff.instrumentName = "fl" c1 d } %flute
\new InnerStaffGroup <<
- \new Staff { \set Staff.instrumentName = "sax" c' d' } %sax 1
- \new Staff { \set Staff.instrumentName = "ob" c' d' } %sax 2
- \new Staff { \set Staff.instrumentName = "ca" c' d' }
+ \new Staff { \set Staff.instrumentName = "sax" c1 d } %sax 1
+ \new Staff { \set Staff.instrumentName = "ob" c1 d } %sax 2
+ \new Staff { \set Staff.instrumentName = "ca" c1 d }
>>
- \new Staff {\set Staff.instrumentName = "bs" \clef bass c d } %bassoon
+ \new Staff { \set Staff.instrumentName = "bs" \clef bass c,1 d } %bassoon
>>
\new StaffGroup %the brass group
<<
- \new Staff {\set Staff.instrumentName = "tr" c' d' } %trumpet
- \new Staff {\set Staff.instrumentName = "tb" \clef bass c d } %trombone
+ \new Staff { \set Staff.instrumentName = "tr" c'1 d } %trumpet
+ \new Staff { \set Staff.instrumentName = "tb" \clef bass c,1 d } %trombone
\new GrandStaff %the horns need a GrandStaff (same instrument)
<<
- \new Staff {\set Staff.instrumentName = "cor1" c' d' }
- \new Staff {\set Staff.instrumentName = "cor2" \clef bass c d }
+ \new Staff { \set Staff.instrumentName = "cor1" c'1 d }
+ \new Staff { \set Staff.instrumentName = "cor2" \clef bass c,1 d }
>>
>>
\new ChoirStaff %for setting vocal music
<<
- \new Staff {\set Staff.instrumentName = "S" c' d' }
+ \new Staff { \set Staff.instrumentName = "S" c'1 d }
\new InnerChoirStaff <<
- \new Staff {\set Staff.instrumentName = "A1" c' d' }
- \new Staff {\set Staff.instrumentName = "A2" c' d' }
+ \new Staff { \set Staff.instrumentName = "A1" c1 d }
+ \new Staff { \set Staff.instrumentName = "A2" c1 d }
>>
- \new Staff {\set Staff.instrumentName = "T" c' d' }
+ \new Staff { \set Staff.instrumentName = "T" c1 d }
>>
\new PianoStaff %for the piano
<<
- \new Staff { c' d' }
- \new Staff {\clef bass c d }
+ \new Staff { c1 d }
+ \new Staff { \clef bass c,1 d }
>>
>> }
@end lilypond
@snippets
-@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc]
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
{nesting-staves.ly}
@seealso
-Internals Reference: @internalsref{SystemStartBar},
-@internalsref{SystemStartBrace}, @internalsref{SystemStartBracket},
-@internalsref{systemStartDelimiterHierarchy}.
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Staff notation}.
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Grouping staves},
+@ref{Instrument names}.
+
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{InnerChoirStaffGroup},
+@rinternals{InnerStaffGroup},
+@rinternals{SystemStartBar},
+@rinternals{SystemStartBrace},
+@rinternals{SystemStartBracket},
+@rinternals{systemStartDelimiterHierarchy}.
@node Modifying single staves
@subsection Modifying single staves
+This section explains how to change specific attributes of one
+staff like the staff lines, starting and stopping of staves,
+sizing of staves, and setting ossia sections.
+
@menu
* Staff symbol::
* Ossia staves::
@end menu
@node Staff symbol
-@subsubsection Staff symbol
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Staff symbol
@cindex adjusting staff symbol
@cindex drawing staff symbol
+@cindex staff symbol, setting of
@cindex stop staff lines
@cindex start staff lines
@cindex staff lines, amount of
+@cindex staff lines, number of
@cindex staff line, thickness of
@cindex amount of staff lines
@cindex thickness of staff lines
+@cindex ledger lines, setting
+@cindex setting of ledger lines
+@cindex spacing of ledger lines
+@cindex number of staff lines
The layout object which draws the lines of a staff is called
-@code{staff symbol}. The staff symbol may be tuned in the number,
-thickness and distance of lines, using properties. This is
-demonstrated in the example files
-@c @lsr{staff,changing-the-number-of-lines-in-a-staff.ly} and
-@c @lsr{staff,changing-the-staff-size.ly}.
+@code{staff symbol}. The staff symbol may be tuned in number,
+thickness and distance of lines, using properties. It may also be
+started and stopped at every point in the score.
-In addition, staves may be started and stopped at will. This is
-done with @code{\startStaff} and @code{\stopStaff}.
+@itemize
+@item
+Changing the number of staff lines is done by overriding
+@code{line-count}. You may need to adjust the clef position and
+the position of the middle C to fit to the new staff. For an
+explanation, see the snippet section in @ref{Displaying pitches}.
-@lilypond[verbatim,relative=2,fragment]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\new Staff {
+ \override Staff.StaffSymbol #'line-count = #3
+ d4 d d d
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+@item
+The placement and amount of the staff lines can also set totally
+manually by defining their positions explicitly. The middle of
+the staff has the value of 0, each half staff space up and down
+adds an integer. The default values are 4 2 0 -2 -4. Bar lines
+are drawn according to the calculated width of the system, but
+they are always centered. As the example shows, the positions of
+the notes are not influenced by the position of the staff lines.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
+\new Staff \with {
+ \override StaffSymbol #'line-positions = #'(7 3 0 -4 -6 -7)
+}
+{ a4 e' f b | d1 }
+@end lilypond
+
+@item
+The staff line thickness can be set by overriding the
+@code{thickness} property. Note that it gets applied also to
+ledger lines and stems, since they depend on the staff line
+thickness. The argument of @code{thickness} is a factor of
+@code{line-thickness} which defaults to the normal staff line
+thickness.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
+\new Staff \with {
+ \override StaffSymbol #'thickness = #3
+}
+{ d4 d d d }
+@end lilypond
+
+@item
+The thickness of the ledger lines can also be set independent of
+the settings for staff lines. The setting is calculated from a
+pair of values which will be added for the final thickness. The
+first value is the staff line thickness multiplied by a factor,
+the second is the staff space multiplied by a factor. In the
+example the ledger lines get their thickness from one staff line
+thickness plus 1/5 staff space, so they are heavier than a normal
+staff line.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
+\new Staff \with {
+ \override StaffSymbol #'ledger-line-thickness = #'(1 . 0.2)
+}
+{ d4 d d d }
+@end lilypond
+
+@item
+The distance of the stafflines can be changed with the
+@code{staff-space} property. Its argument is the amount of staff
+spaces that should be inserted between the lines. The default
+value is 1. Setting the distance has influence on the staff lines
+as well as on ledger lines.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
+\new Staff \with {
+ \override StaffSymbol #'staff-space = #1.5
+}
+{ a4 b c d }
+@end lilypond
+
+@item
+The length of the staff line can also be adjusted manually. The
+unit is one staff space. Spacing of the objects inside the staff
+does not get influenced by this setting.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
+\new Staff \with {
+ \override StaffSymbol #'width = #23
+}
+{ a4 e' f b | d1 }
+@end lilypond
+
+@end itemize
+
+These properties can only be set before instantiating the staff
+symbol. But it is possible to start and stop staves in the middle
+of a score, so each new setting will be applied to the newly
+instantiated staff.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
b4 b
+%Set here the overrides for the staff
\override Staff.StaffSymbol #'line-count = 2
\stopStaff \startStaff
b b
+%Revert to the default
\revert Staff.StaffSymbol #'line-count
\stopStaff \startStaff
b b
@end lilypond
+
+
+@predefined
+
+@funindex \startStaff
+@code{\startStaff},
+@funindex \stopStaff
+@code{\stopStaff}.
+
+
+@snippets
+
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{making-some-staff-lines-thicker-than-the-others.ly}
+
+@seealso
+
+Music Glossary:
+@rglos{line},
+@rglos{ledger line},
+@rglos{staff}.
+
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Displaying pitches}.
+
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{StaffSymbol}.
+
+@knownissues
+
+When setting staff lines manually, bar lines are always drawn
+centered on the position 0, so the maximum distance of the bar
+lines in either direction must be equal.
+
@node Ossia staves
-@subsubsection Ossia staves
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Ossia staves
-@cindex staves, Frenched
+@cindex staff, Frenched
@cindex ossia
@cindex Frenched staves
+@cindex staff, resizing of
+@cindex resizing of staves
+
+Tweaking the staff object allows to resize the staff:
-In combination with Frenched staves, this may be used to typeset
-@emph{ossia} sections. An example is shown here
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\new Staff \with {
+ fontSize = #-3
+ \override StaffSymbol #'staff-space = #(magstep -3)
+ \override StaffSymbol #'thickness = #(magstep -3)
+}
+\relative c {
+ \clef bass
+ c8 c c c c c c c
+}
+@end lilypond
-@lilypond[verbatim,relative=2,quote]
+@noindent
+This involves shrinking the staff spaces, the staff lines and the
+font size by the factor 3. You find a more precise explanation in
+@ref{Setting the staff size}.
+
+The @emph{ossia} section in the next example are just put parallel
+to the main staff with @code{<<} and @code{>>} brackets. The
+@emph{ossia} staff is stopped and started explicitely and white
+space is inserted with the @code{\skip} command.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
<<
\new Staff \with
{
+ %No time signature in the ossia staff
\remove "Time_signature_engraver"
- fontSize = #-2
- \override StaffSymbol #'staff-space = #(magstep -2)
+ fontSize = #-3
+ \override StaffSymbol #'staff-space = #(magstep -3)
+ \override StaffSymbol #'thickness = #(magstep -3)
firstClef = ##f
}
\relative c'' {
\startStaff
f8 d g4
}
- \new Staff \relative
- {
+ \new Staff \relative c'' {
\time 2/4
c4 c g' g a a g2
}
-
>>
@end lilypond
-@cindex staff lines, setting number of
-@cindex staff lines, setting thickness of
-@cindex thickness of staff lines, setting
-@cindex number of staff lines, setting
@snippets
-@c lilypondfile{Making-some-staff-lines-thicker-than-the-others.ly}
+@c @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+@c {making-some-staff-lines-thicker-than-the-others.ly}
@c snippet 277
+
@seealso
-Music Glossary: @rglos{ossia}, @rglos{staff}, @rglos{Frenched staff}.
+Music Glossary:
+@rglos{ossia},
+@rglos{staff},
+@rglos{Frenched staff}.
+
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Setting the staff size}.
-Snippets: @lsrdir{Staff,Staff-notation}
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Staff notation}.
-Internals Reference: @internalsref{StaffSymbol},
-@internalsref{DrumStaff}.
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{StaffSymbol}.
@node Hiding staves
-@subsubsection Hiding staves
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Hiding staves
@cindex Frenched scores
-@cindex staves, hiding
-@cindex staves, empty
+@cindex staff, hiding
+@cindex staff, empty
+@cindex hiding of staves
+@cindex empty staves
+@cindex Frenched staves
In orchestral scores, staff lines that only have rests are usually
removed; this saves some space. This style is called @q{French
-Score}. For @code{Lyrics}, @code{ChordNames} and
-@code{FiguredBass}, this is switched on by default. When
+Score}. For the @code{Lyrics}, @code{ChordNames}, and
+@code{FiguredBass} contexts, this is switched on by default. When
the lines of these contexts turn out empty after the line-breaking
process, they are removed.
-For normal staves, a specialized @code{Staff} context is
-available, which does the same: staves containing nothing (or only
-multi-measure rests) are removed. The context definition is
-stored in @code{\RemoveEmptyStaffContext} variable. Observe how
-the second staff in this example disappears in the second line
+For normal staves this behaviour is called with the
+@code{\RemoveEmptyStaffContext} command. It is set in the
+@code{\layout} block. As a result staves containing nothing or
+whole mesure rests are removed after a line break.
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
\layout {
- \context { \RemoveEmptyStaffContext }
+ \context {
+ \RemoveEmptyStaffContext
+ }
}
-
-{
- \relative c' <<
+\relative c'' {
+ <<
\new Staff { e4 f g a \break c1 }
\new Staff { c4 d e f \break R1 }
- >>
+ >>
}
@end lilypond
-The first system shows all staves in full. If empty staves should
-be removed from the first system too, set @code{remove-first} to
-true in @code{VerticalAxisGroup}.
-
-@example
-\override Score.VerticalAxisGroup #'remove-first = ##t
-@end example
-
To remove other types of contexts, use
@code{\AncientRemoveEmptyStaffContext} or
@code{\RemoveEmptyRhythmicStaffContext}.
Another application of the @code{\RemoveEmptyStaffContext} is to
make ossia sections, i.e., alternative melodies on a separate
-piece of staff, with help of a Frenched staff. See @ref{Staff
-symbol}.
+piece of staff, with help of a Frenched staff. See
+@ref{Ossia staves}.
You can make the staff lines invisible by removing the
@code{Staff_symbol_engraver} from the @code{Staff} context.
-
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
\score {
- \context Staff \relative c'' { c8 c c16 c c c }
+ \new Staff \relative c'' { c8 c c16 c c c }
\layout{
\context {
\Staff
}
@end lilypond
+
+@snippets
+
+The first empty staff can also be removed from the score with a
+setting in the @code{VerticalAxisGroup} property. This can be
+done globally inside the @code{\layout} block, or locally inside
+the specific staff that should be removed. In the latter case, you
+have to specify the context (@code{Staff} applies only to the
+current staff) in front of the property.
+
+The lower staff of the second staff group is not removed, because
+the setting applies only to the specific staff inside of which it
+is written.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\layout {
+ \context {
+ \RemoveEmptyStaffContext
+ %To use the setting globally, uncomment the following line:
+ %\override VerticalAxisGroup #'remove-first = ##t
+ }
+}
+\new StaffGroup
+ \relative c'' <<
+ \new Staff {
+ e4 f g a \break c1 }
+ \new Staff {
+ %To use the setting globally, comment this line, uncomment the line above
+ \override Staff.VerticalAxisGroup #'remove-first = ##t
+ R1 \break R1 }
+ >>
+\new StaffGroup
+ <<
+ \new Staff { e4 f g a \break c1 }
+ \new Staff { R \break R1 }
+ >>
+@end lilypond
+
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{removing-the-first-empty-line.ly}
+
+
+@predefined
+
+@funindex \RemoveEmptyStaffContext
+@code{\RemoveEmptyStaffContext},
+@funindex \AncientRemoveEmptyStaffContext
+@code{\AncientRemoveEmptyStaffContext},
+@funindex \RemoveEmptyRhythmicStaffContext
+@code{\RemoveEmptyRhythmicStaffContext}.
+
+
@seealso
-Notation Reference: @ref{Staff symbol}.
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Staff symbol},
+@ref{Ossia staves}.
-Snippets: @lsrdir{Staff,Staff-notation}
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Staff notation}.
+
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{ChordNames},
+@rinternals{FiguredBass},
+@rinternals{Lyrics},
+@rinternals{Staff},
+@rinternals{VerticalAxisGroup}.
-Internals Reference: @internalsref{ChordNames},
-@internalsref{FiguredBass}, @internalsref{Lyrics},
-@internalsref{Staff}, @internalsref{VerticalAxisGroup}.
@node Writing parts
@subsection Writing parts
* Formatting cue notes::
@end menu
+
@node Metronome marks
-@subsubsection Metronome marks
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Metronome marks
@cindex Tempo
@cindex beats per minute
@funindex \tempo
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment]
-\tempo 8.=120 c''1
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\tempo 8. = 120
+c1
@end lilypond
Score.MetronomeMark #'transparent = ##t @end example
To print other metronome markings, use these markup commands
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,relative,fragment]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
c4^\markup {
(
\smaller \general-align #Y #DOWN \note #"16." #1
@seealso
-Music Glossary: @rglos{metronome}, @rglos{metronomic indication},
-@rglos{tempo indication}, @rglos{metronome mark}.
+Music Glossary:
+@rglos{metronome},
+@rglos{metronomic indication},
+@rglos{tempo indication},
+@rglos{metronome mark}.
-Notation Reference: @ref{Formatting text}.
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Formatting text}.
-Snippets: @lsrdir{Staff,Staff-notation}.
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Staff notation}.
-Internals Reference: @internalsref{MetronomeMark}, @ref{MIDI
-output}.
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{MetronomeMark},
+@ref{MIDI output}.
@knownissues
@node Instrument names
-@subsubsection Instrument names
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Instrument names
@cindex instrument names
@cindex instrument names, short
In an orchestral score, instrument names are printed at the left
side of the staves.
-This can be achieved by setting @code{Staff}.@code{instrumentName} and
-@code{Staff}.@code{shortInstrumentName}, or
+This can be achieved by setting @code{Staff}.@code{instrumentName}
+and @code{Staff}.@code{shortInstrumentName}, or
@code{PianoStaff}.@code{instrumentName} and
-@code{PianoStaff}.@code{shortInstrumentName}. This will print text
-before the start of the staff. For the first staff,
-@code{instrumentName} is used. If set, @code{shortInstrumentName} is
-used for the following staves.
+@code{PianoStaff}.@code{shortInstrumentName}. This will print
+text before the start of the staff. For the first staff,
+@code{instrumentName} is used. If set, @code{shortInstrumentName}
+is used for the following staves.
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,relative=1,fragment]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
\set Staff.instrumentName = "Ploink "
\set Staff.shortInstrumentName = "Plk "
c1
\break
-c''
+c''1
@end lilypond
You can also use markup texts to construct more complicated
instrument names, for example
-@lilypond[quote,fragment,verbatim,ragged-right]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
\set Staff.instrumentName = \markup {
\column { "Clarinetti"
\line { "in B" \smaller \flat } } }
-c''1
+c1
@end lilypond
@cindex instrument names, centering
-As instrument names are centered by default, multi line names
-are better entered using @code{\center-align}:
+As instrument names are centered by default, multi line names are
+better entered using @code{\center-align}:
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
-{ <<
-\new Staff {
- \set Staff.instrumentName = \markup \center-align {
- Clarinetti
- \line { "in B" \smaller \flat }
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+<<
+ \new Staff {
+ \set Staff.instrumentName = \markup \center-align {
+ Clarinetti
+ \line { "in B" \smaller \flat }
+ }
+ c1
+ }
+ \new Staff {
+ \set Staff.instrumentName = "Vibraphone"
+ c1
}
- c''1
-}
-\new Staff {
- \set Staff.instrumentName = "Vibraphone"
- c''1
-}
>>
-}
@end lilypond
For longer instrument names, it may be useful to increase the
@code{indent} setting in the @code{\layout} block.
-Short instrument names, printed before the systems following the first
-one, are also centered by default, in a space which width is given by
-the @code{short-indent} variable of the @code{\layout} block.
+Short instrument names, printed before the systems following the
+first one, are also centered by default, in a space which width is
+given by the @code{short-indent} variable of the @code{\layout}
+block.
To add instrument names to other contexts (such as
@code{GrandStaff}, @code{ChoirStaff}, or @code{StaffGroup}), the
Instrument names may be changed in the middle of a piece,
-@lilypond[quote,fragment,verbatim,ragged-right]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
\set Staff.instrumentName = "First"
\set Staff.shortInstrumentName = "one"
c1 c c c \break
@seealso
-Notation Reference: @ref{Modifying context plug-ins}.
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Modifying context plug-ins}.
-Snippets: @lsrdir{Staff,Staff-notation}
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Staff notation}.
-Internals Reference: @internalsref{InstrumentName},
-@internalsref{PianoStaff}, @internalsref{Staff}.
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{InstrumentName},
+@rinternals{PianoStaff},
+@rinternals{Staff}.
@node Quoting other voices
-@subsubsection Quoting other voices
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Quoting other voices
@cindex cues
@cindex quoting other voices
\addQuote @var{name} @var{music}
@end example
-
@noindent
Here, @var{name} is an identifying string. The @var{music} is any
kind of music. Here is an example of @code{\addQuote}
\addQuote clarinet @{ \clarinet @}
@end example
-
After calling @code{\addQuote}, the quotation may then be done
with @code{\quoteDuring} or @code{\cueDuring},
target instruments, if they are specified using the
@code{\transposition} command.
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\addQuote clarinet \relative c' {
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
+\addQuote clarinet
+{
\transposition bes
f4 fis g gis
}
{
- e'8 f'8 \quoteDuring #"clarinet" { s2 }
+ e8 f8 \quoteDuring #"clarinet" { s2 }
}
@end lilypond
will quote notes (but no rests), together with scripts and
dynamics.
+
+@seealso
+
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Instrument transpositions}.
+
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Staff notation}.
+
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{QuoteMusic},
+@rinternals{Voice}.
+
+
@knownissues
Only the contents of the first @code{Voice} occurring in an
In earlier versions of LilyPond (pre 2.11), @code{addQuote} was
written entirely in lower-case letters: @code{\addquote}.
-@seealso
-
-Notation Reference: @ref{Instrument transpositions}.
-
-Snippets: @lsrdir{Staff,Staff-notation}
-
-Internals Reference: @internalsref{QuoteMusic}, @internalsref{Voice}.
-
@node Formatting cue notes
-@subsubsection Formatting cue notes
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Formatting cue notes
@cindex cues
@cindex cue notes
@end example
This will insert notes from the part @var{name} into a
-@code{Voice} called @code{cue}. This happens
-simultaneously with @var{music}, which usually is a rest. When
-the cue notes start, the staff in effect becomes polyphonic for a
-moment. The argument @var{updown} determines whether the cue
-notes should be notated as a first or second voice.
-
+@code{Voice} called @code{cue}. This happens simultaneously with
+@var{music}, which usually is a rest. When the cue notes start,
+the staff in effect becomes polyphonic for a moment. The argument
+@var{updown} determines whether the cue notes should be notated as
+a first or second voice.
-@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right]
+@lilypond[verbatim]
smaller = {
\set fontSize = #-2
\override Stem #'length-fraction = #0.8
\override Beam #'length-fraction = #0.8
}
-\addQuote clarinet \relative {
+\addQuote clarinet
+\relative c' {
R1*20
r2 r8 c' f f
}
-\new Staff \relative <<
+\new Staff \relative c' <<
% setup a context for cue notes.
\new Voice = "cue" { \smaller \skip 1*21 }
>>
@end lilypond
-
Here are a couple of hints for successful cue notes:
@itemize
example, having a cue of a piccolo flute within a contra bassoon
part).
-@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
picc = \relative c''' {
\clef "treble^8"
R1 |
}
<<
- \context Staff = "picc" \picc
- \context Staff = "cbsn" \cbsn
+ \new Staff = "picc" \picc
+ \new Staff = "cbsn" \cbsn
>>
@end lilypond
-@seealso
-Snippets: @lsrdir{Staff,Staff-notation}.
+@seealso
-Internals Reference: @internalsref{Voice}.
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Staff notation}.
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{Voice}.
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