version that you are working on. See TRANSLATION for details.
@end ignore
+@c \version "2.11.51"
+
@node Staff notation
@section Staff notation
-@lilypondfile[quote,ragged-right,line-width=16\cm,staffsize=16]
-{staff-headword.ly}
-
+@lilypondfile[quote]{staff-headword.ly}
-This section explains how to influence the staff appearance,
-print scores with more than one staff, and
-how to apply specific performance marks to single staves.
+This section explains how to influence the staff appearance, print
+scores with more than one staff, and how to apply specific
+performance marks to single staves.
@menu
-* Displaying staves::
-* Modifying single staves::
-* Writing parts::
+* Displaying staves::
+* Modifying single staves::
+* Writing parts::
@end menu
@node Displaying staves
@subsection Displaying staves
-This section shows the different possibilities to create and group
-staves into groups, which can be marked in the beginning of each
-line with either a bracket or a brace.
-
-
+This section shows the different possibilities of creating and
+grouping staves, which are marked at the beginning of each line
+with either a bracket or a brace.
@menu
-* Initiating new staves::
-* Grouping staves::
-* Deeper nested staff groups::
+* Instantiating new staves::
+* Grouping staves::
+* Deeper nested staff groups::
@end menu
-@node Initiating new staves
-@subsubsection Initiating new staves
+@node Instantiating new staves
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Instantiating new staves
@cindex new staff
@cindex staff initiation
+@cindex staff instantiation
@cindex staff, new
+@cindex staff, single
+@cindex drum staff
+@cindex percussion staff
+@cindex Gregorian transcription staff
+@cindex rhythmic staff
+@cindex tabstaff
+@cindex tablature
+
+@notation{Staves} (singular: @notation{staff}) are created with
+the @code{\new} or @code{\context} commands. For details, see
+@ref{Creating contexts}.
+
+The basic staff context is @code{Staff}:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\new Staff { c4 d e f }
+@end lilypond
-The lines of a staff are produced by a @code{staff symbol} layout object.
-LilyPond ensures that all music is printed on staff lines so if you just
-type in some notes, the staff symbol is added automatically to the output.
-This is just a shortcut to make the program usage more easy, but in most
-cases where you want to print more complex music on more than on staff
-it is better to create the staff explicitly at the beginning of your
-music inside of the @code{\score} environment.
-
-With the command @code{\new Staff @{ ... @}} you actually call a new
-Staff context that has already everything set up to the default
-engraving rules. @ref{Creating contexts} explains how different contexts
-are called.
-
-Once a staff is instantiated it can be started or stopped at every point
-in the score. This is done with the commands @code{\startStaff} and
-@code{\stopStaff}. How to use it is shown in @ref{Staff symbol}.
-
-Besides the default @code{Staff} context there are also
-specialized staff contexts for setting percussion, Guitar music,
-and ancient music.
-@c No need to mention all the other contexts?
-See @ref{Printing chord names}, @ref{Percussion staves},
-@ref{Tablatures basic}, @ref{Gregorian Chant contexts}, and
-@ref{Mensural contexts} for an explanation.
+@code{DrumStaff} creates a five-line staff set up for a
+typical drum set. It uses different names for each instrument.
+The instrument names are set using the @code{\drummode} command.
+For details, see @ref{Percussion staves}.
-@seealso
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\new DrumStaff {
+ \drummode { cymc hh ss tomh }
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+@c FIXME: remove when mentioned in NR 2.8
+@code{GregorianTranscriptionStaff} creates a staff to notate
+modern Gregorian chant. It does not show bar lines.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\new GregorianTranscriptionStaff { c4 d e f }
+@end lilypond
+
+@code{RhythmicStaff} creates a single-line staff that only
+displays the rhythmic values of the input. Real durations are
+preserved. For details, see @ref{Showing melody rhythms}.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\new RhythmicStaff { c4 d e f }
+@end lilypond
+
+@code{TabStaff} creates a tablature with six strings in standard
+guitar tuning. For details, see @ref{Default tablatures}.
-Music Glossary: @rglos{staff}, @rglos{staves}
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\new TabStaff { c4 d e f }
+@end lilypond
-Snippets: @lsrdir{Staff,Staff-notation}
+There are two staff contexts specific for the notation of ancient
+music: @code{MensuralStaff} and @code{VaticanaStaff}. They are
+described in @ref{Pre-defined contexts}.
-Internals Reference: @internalsref{Staff}
+Staves can be started or stopped at any point in the score. The
+commands @code{\startStaff} and @code{\stopStaff} are used for
+this purpose. For details, see @ref{Staff symbol}.
+@seealso
+
+Music Glossary:
+@rglos{staff},
+@rglos{staves}.
+
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Creating contexts},
+@ref{Percussion staves},
+@ref{Default tablatures},
+@ref{Gregorian chant contexts},
+@ref{Mensural contexts},
+@ref{Staff symbol},
+@ref{Pre-defined contexts},
+@ref{Showing melody rhythms}.
+
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Staff notation}.
+
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{Staff},
+@rinternals{DrumStaff},
+@rinternals{GregorianTranscriptionStaff},
+@rinternals{RhythmicStaff},
+@rinternals{TabStaff},
+@rinternals{MensuralStaff},
+@rinternals{VaticanaStaff},
+@rinternals{StaffSymbol}.
+
@node Grouping staves
-@subsubsection Grouping staves
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Grouping staves
@cindex start of system
@cindex staff, multiple
@cindex system start delimiters
@cindex bracket, vertical
@cindex brace, vertical
+@cindex choir staff
@cindex grand staff
@cindex piano staff
@cindex staff group
@cindex staff, choir
-@cindex choir staff
+@cindex staff, piano
@cindex system
-LilyPond provides different types of contexts to group single staves
-together. These contexts influence in the first place the appearance
-of the system start delimiter, but they have also influence on the
-behaviour of the bar lines.
-
+Various contexts exist to group single staves together in order to
+form multi-stave systems. Each grouping context sets the style of
+the system start delimiter and the behavior of bar lines.
-@itemize
-@item
-If no context is specified, the default properties for the score
-will be used: the group is started with a vertical line, and the
-bar lines are not connected.
+If no context is specified, the default properties will be used:
+the group is started with a vertical line, and the bar lines are
+not connected.
-@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote,relative=2]
- <<
- \new Staff { c1 c }
- \new Staff { c c }
- >>
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+<<
+ \new Staff { c1 c }
+ \new Staff { c1 c }
+>>
@end lilypond
-@item
-In a @code{StaffGroup}, the bar lines will be drawn through
-all the staves, and the group is started with a bracket.
+In the @code{StaffGroup} context, the group is started with a
+bracket and bar lines are drawn through all the staves.
-@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote,relative=2]
- \new StaffGroup
- <<
- \new Staff { c1 c }
- \new Staff { c c }
- >>
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\new StaffGroup <<
+ \new Staff { c1 c }
+ \new Staff { c1 c }
+>>
@end lilypond
-@item
-In a @code{ChoirStaff}, the group is
-started with a bracket, but bar lines are not connected.
+In a @code{ChoirStaff}, the group starts with a bracket, but bar
+lines are not connected.
-@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote,relative=2]
- \new ChoirStaff
- <<
- \new Staff { c1 c }
- \new Staff { c c }
- >>
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\new ChoirStaff <<
+ \new Staff { c1 c }
+ \new Staff { c1 c }
+>>
@end lilypond
-@item
-In a @code{GrandStaff}, the group is started with a brace
-at the left, and bar lines are connected between the staves.
+In a @code{GrandStaff}, the group begins with a brace, and bar
+lines are connected between the staves.
-@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote,relative=2]
- \new GrandStaff
- <<
- \new Staff { c1 c }
- \new Staff { c c }
- >>
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\new GrandStaff <<
+ \new Staff { c1 c }
+ \new Staff { c1 c }
+>>
@end lilypond
-@item
-The @code{PianoStaff} behaves almost as the @code{GrandStaff} but is
-optimized for setting piano music.
+The @code{PianoStaff} is almost identical to a @code{GrandStaff},
+except that it supports printing the instrument name directly.
+For details, see @ref{Instrument names}.
-@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote,relative=2]
- \new PianoStaff
- <<
- \new Staff { c1 c }
- \new Staff { c c }
- >>
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\new PianoStaff <<
+ \set PianoStaff.instrumentName = "Piano"
+ \new Staff { c1 c }
+ \new Staff { c1 c }
+>>
@end lilypond
-@end itemize
-
-According to classic engraver rules an orchestral score consists of
-staves connected only with a single line at the beginning of the system.
-In LilyPond this is produced grouping the @code{Staff} contexts with
-@code{<< ... >>}.
-
-Each instrument family is grouped inside of a @code{StaffGroup} with a
-starting bracket. A group of same instruments or an instrument using
-more than one staff is grouped with braces in a @code{GrandStaff}.
+Each staff group context sets the property
+@code{systemStartDelimiter} to one of the following values:
+@code{SystemStartBar}, @code{SystemStartBrace}, or
+@code{SystemStartBracket}. A fourth delimiter,
+@code{SystemStartSquare}, is also available, but it must be
+explicitly specified.
-Piano music is notated with the @code{PianoStaff} context, that produces
-a starting brace and conntects the bar lines between the systems.
-Choral music (vocal music for more than one voice) is notated using the
-@code{ChoirStaff} context that produces a starting bracket but does not
-connect the bar lines between the staves so the lyrics will not collide
-with bar lines.
+@snippets
-Here is an example of an orchestral score using groupings. Note that the
-instrument names are omited here, see @ref{Instrument names} how to set
-them.
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{use-square-bracket-at-the-start-of-a-staff-group.ly}
-@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote,relative=2]
- \score{
- <<
- \new StaffGroup %the woodwinds group
- <<
- \new Staff { c1 c }
- \new Staff { c c }
- \new Staff { c c }
- >>
- \new StaffGroup %the brass group
- <<
- \new Staff { c c }
- \new Staff { c c }
- \new GrandStaff %the horns need two staves
- <<
- \new Staff { c c }
- \new Staff {\clef bass c c }
- >>
- >>
- \new ChoirStaff
- <<
- \new Staff { c c }
- \new Staff {\clef alto c c }
- \new Staff {\clef bass c c }
- >>
- \new PianoStaff %for the piano
- <<
- \new Staff { c c }
- \new Staff {\clef bass c c }
- >>
- >>
- }
-@end lilypond
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{display-bracket-with-only-one-staff-in-a-system.ly}
@cindex mensurstriche layout
@cindex renaissance music
@cindex transcription of mensural music
@cindex mensural music, transcription of
-Other groupings may be achieved by changin various properties.
-E.g., the
-@q{Mensurstriche} layout common in Renaissance music, with
-bar lines running between but not through the staves, can be
-produced from a @code{StaffGroup} or @code{GrandStaff} context if
-the bar lines are made transparent in the @code{Staff} itself:
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote,relative=2]
- global = {\override Staff.BarLine #'transparent = ##t
- s1 s
- %the final bar line is not interupted
- \once \override Staff.BarLine #'transparent = ##f
- \bar "|."}
- \new StaffGroup
- <<
- \new Staff {<< \global { c1 c } >>}
- \new Staff {<< \global { c c } >>}
- >>
-@end lilypond
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{mensurstriche-layout-bar-lines-between-the-staves.ly}
+@c FIXME: move to NR 2.8.x when sectioning is ready
-@c FIXME: Graham will deal with this. -gp
-@c snippet 201
-To display a bracket even if there is only one staff, see
-@c @lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,ragged-right,texidoc]
-@c {staff,display-bracket-with-only-one-staff-in-a system.ly}
-
@seealso
-Music Glossary: @rglos{brace},
-@rglos{bracket}.
+Music Glossary:
+@rglos{brace},
+@rglos{bracket},
+@rglos{grand staff}.
-Snippets: @lsrdir{Staff,Staff-notation}
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Instrument names}.
-Internals Reference: @internalsref{ChoirStaff},
-@internalsref{GrandStaff}, @internalsref{StaffGroup},
-@internalsref{SystemStartBar}, @internalsref{SystemStartBrace},
-@internalsref{SystemStartBracket}.
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Staff notation}.
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{Staff},
+@rinternals{ChoirStaff},
+@rinternals{GrandStaff},
+@rinternals{PianoStaff},
+@rinternals{StaffGroup},
+@rinternals{SystemStartBar},
+@rinternals{SystemStartBrace},
+@rinternals{SystemStartBracket},
+@rinternals{SystemStartSquare}.
@node Deeper nested staff groups
-@subsubsection Deeper nested staff groups
-
-The last section explained the grouping of staves and also the nesting
-of different types of staves together. So the @q{Horn section} in our
-example above is contained both in a @code{StaffGroup} and a
-@code{GrandStaff}.
-
-Here about innerChoirStaff and innerStaffGroup
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Deeper nested staff groups
@cindex staff, nested
+@cindex staves, nested
+@cindex nesting of staves
+@cindex system start delimiters, nested
+@cindex nested staff brackets
+@cindex brackets, nesting of
+@cindex braces, nesting of
+@cindex inner staff group
+@cindex inner choir staff group
+
+Two additional staff-group contexts are available that can be
+nested within a @code{StaffGroup} or @code{ChoirStaff} context:
+@code{InnerStaffGroup} and @code{InnerChoirStaff}. These contexts
+create an additional bracket next to the original bracket of their
+parent staff group.
+
+An @code{InnerStaffGroup} is treated similarly to a
+@code{StaffGroup}; bar lines are connected between each stave
+within the context:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\new StaffGroup <<
+ \new Staff { c2 c }
+ \new InnerStaffGroup <<
+ \new Staff { g2 g }
+ \new Staff { e2 e }
+ >>
+>>
+@end lilypond
-Staff groups can be nested, using the context
-@code{InnerStaffGroup} or @code{InnerChoirStaff}; see
-@c @lsr{staff,staff-brackets.ly}
-@c snippet 137
-
-@snippets
-
-More complex nesting can be accomplished using the property
-@code{systemStartDelimiterHierarchy}:
+Bar lines are @emph{not} connected between staves of an
+@code{InnerChoirStaff}, just like a @code{ChoirStaff}:
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\new StaffGroup
-\relative <<
- \set StaffGroup.systemStartDelimiterHierarchy
- = #'(SystemStartSquare (SystemStartBracket a
- (SystemStartSquare b)) d)
- \new Staff { c1 }
- \new Staff { c1 }
- \new Staff { c1 }
- \new Staff { c1 }
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\new ChoirStaff <<
+ \new Staff { c2 c }
+ \new InnerChoirStaff <<
+ \new Staff { g2 g }
+ \new Staff { e2 e }
+ >>
\new Staff { c1 }
>>
@end lilypond
-Each staff group context sets the property
-@code{systemStartDelimiter} to one of the values
-@internalsref{SystemStartBar}, @internalsref{SystemStartBrace},
-and @internalsref{SystemStartBracket}. A fourth delimiter,
-@code{systemStartSquare}, is also available, but must be
-instantiated manually
-
-
-
-Internals Reference: @internalsref{SystemStartBar},
-@internalsref{SystemStartBrace}, @internalsref{SystemStartBracket},
-@internalsref{systemStartDelimiterHierarchy}.
-
-
+@snippets
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{nesting-staves.ly}
+@seealso
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Staff notation}.
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Grouping staves},
+@ref{Instrument names}.
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{InnerStaffGroup},
+@rinternals{StaffGroup},
+@rinternals{InnerChoirStaff},
+@rinternals{ChoirStaff},
+@rinternals{SystemStartBar},
+@rinternals{SystemStartBrace},
+@rinternals{SystemStartBracket}.
@node Modifying single staves
@subsection Modifying single staves
+This section explains how to change specific attributes of one
+staff: for example, modifying the number of staff lines or the
+staff size. Methods to start and stop staves and set ossia
+sections are also described.
+
@menu
-* Staff symbol::
-* Ossia staves::
-* Hiding staves::
+* Staff symbol::
+* Ossia staves::
+* Hiding staves::
@end menu
+
@node Staff symbol
-@subsubsection Staff symbol
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Staff symbol
@cindex adjusting staff symbol
+@cindex drawing staff symbol
+@cindex staff symbol, setting of
+@cindex stop staff lines
+@cindex start staff lines
+@cindex staff lines, amount of
+@cindex staff lines, number of
+@cindex staff line, thickness of
+@cindex amount of staff lines
+@cindex thickness of staff lines
+@cindex ledger lines, setting
+@cindex setting of ledger lines
+@cindex spacing of ledger lines
+@cindex number of staff lines
+
+The grob @code{StaffSymbol} is responsible for drawing the lines
+of a staff. Its properties can be altered in order to change the
+appearance of a staff, but they must be changed before the staff
+is created. A staff may be started or stopped at any point in the
+score.
+
+The number of staff lines may be changed. The clef position and
+the position of middle C may need to be modified to fit the new
+staff. For an explanation, refer to the snippet section in
+@ref{Clef}.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\new Staff {
+ \override Staff.StaffSymbol #'line-count = #3
+ d4 d d d
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+The vertical position of staff lines and the number of staff lines
+can be defined at the same time. As the example shows, the
+positions of the notes are not influenced by the position of the
+staff lines. Details for modifying this property are found in
+@rinternals{staff-symbol-interface}.
+
+@warning{The @code{'line-positions} property overrides the
+@code{'line-count} property. The number of staff lines is
+implicitly defined by the number of elements in the list of values
+for @code{'line-positions}}
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
+\new Staff \with {
+ \override StaffSymbol #'line-positions = #'(7 3 0 -4 -6 -7)
+}
+{ a4 e' f b | d1 }
+@end lilypond
+
+The staff line thickness can be modified. The thickness of ledger
+lines and stems are also affected, since they depend on staff line
+thickness.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
+\new Staff \with {
+ \override StaffSymbol #'thickness = #3
+}
+{ e4 d c b }
+@end lilypond
+
+The thickness of ledger lines can be set independently of staff
+line thickness. A description of this property is also found in
+@rinternals{staff-symbol-interface}.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
+\new Staff \with {
+ \override StaffSymbol #'ledger-line-thickness = #'(1 . 0.2)
+}
+{ e4 d c b }
+@end lilypond
+
+The distance between staff lines can be changed. The setting has
+influence on ledger lines as well.
-The layout object which draws the lines of a staff is called
-@code{staff symbol}. The staff symbol may be tuned in the number,
-thickness and distance of lines, using properties. This is
-demonstrated in the example files
-@c @lsr{staff,changing-the-number-of-lines-in-a-staff.ly} and
-@c @lsr{staff,changing-the-staff-size.ly}.
-
-In addition, staves may be started and stopped at will. This is
-done with @code{\startStaff} and @code{\stopStaff}.
-
-@lilypond[verbatim,relative=2,fragment]
-b4 b
-\override Staff.StaffSymbol #'line-count = 2
-\stopStaff \startStaff
-b b
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
+\new Staff \with {
+ \override StaffSymbol #'staff-space = #1.5
+}
+{ a4 b c d }
+@end lilypond
+
+The width of a staff can be adjusted. The unit is one staff
+space. The spacing of objects inside the staff is not influenced
+by this setting.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
+\new Staff \with {
+ \override StaffSymbol #'width = #23
+}
+{ a4 e' f b | d1 }
+@end lilypond
+
+Modifications to staff properties in the middle of a score can be
+placed between @code{\stopStaff} and @code{\startStaff}:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+c2 c
+\stopStaff
+\override Staff.StaffSymbol #'line-count = #2
+\startStaff
+b2 b
+\stopStaff
\revert Staff.StaffSymbol #'line-count
-\stopStaff \startStaff
-b b
+\startStaff
+a2 a
@end lilypond
+
+@predefined
+
+@funindex \startStaff
+@code{\startStaff},
+@funindex \stopStaff
+@code{\stopStaff}.
+
+
+@snippets
+
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{making-some-staff-lines-thicker-than-the-others.ly}
+
+
+@seealso
+
+Music Glossary:
+@rglos{line},
+@rglos{ledger line},
+@rglos{staff}.
+
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Displaying pitches}.
+
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{StaffSymbol},
+@rinternals{staff-symbol-interface}.
+
+
+@knownissues
+
+When setting staff lines manually, bar lines are always drawn
+centered on the position 0, so the maximum distance of the bar
+lines in either direction must be equal.
+
+
@node Ossia staves
-@subsubsection Ossia staves
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Ossia staves
-@cindex staves, Frenched
+@cindex staff, Frenched
@cindex ossia
@cindex Frenched staves
+@cindex staff, resizing of
+@cindex resizing of staves
+
+Tweaking the staff object allows to resize the staff:
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\new Staff \with {
+ fontSize = #-3
+ \override StaffSymbol #'staff-space = #(magstep -3)
+ \override StaffSymbol #'thickness = #(magstep -3)
+}
+\relative c {
+ \clef bass
+ c8 c c c c c c c
+}
+@end lilypond
+
+This involves shrinking the staff spaces, the staff lines and the
+font size by the factor 3. You find a more precise explanation in
+@ref{Setting the staff size}.
-In combination with Frenched staves, this may be used to typeset
-@emph{ossia} sections. An example is shown here
+The @emph{ossia} section in the next example are just put parallel
+to the main staff with @code{<<} and @code{>>} brackets. The
+@emph{ossia} staff is stopped and started explicitely and white
+space is inserted with the @code{\skip} command.
-@lilypond[verbatim,relative=2,quote]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
<<
\new Staff \with
{
+ %No time signature in the ossia staff
\remove "Time_signature_engraver"
- fontSize = #-2
- \override StaffSymbol #'staff-space = #(magstep -2)
+ fontSize = #-3
+ \override StaffSymbol #'staff-space = #(magstep -3)
+ \override StaffSymbol #'thickness = #(magstep -3)
firstClef = ##f
}
\relative c'' {
s2
\startStaff
- f8 d g4
+ f8 d g4
}
- \new Staff \relative
- {
+ \new Staff \relative c'' {
\time 2/4
c4 c g' g a a g2
}
-
>>
@end lilypond
-@cindex staff lines, setting number of
-@cindex staff lines, setting thickness of
-@cindex thickness of staff lines, setting
-@cindex number of staff lines, setting
+
+@snippets
+
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{vertically-aligning-ossias-and-lyrics.ly}
+
@seealso
-Music Glossary: @rglos{ossia}, @rglos{staff}, @rglos{Frenched staff}.
+Music Glossary:
+@rglos{ossia},
+@rglos{staff},
+@rglos{Frenched staff}.
+
+Learning Manual:
+@rlearning{Nesting music expressions},
+@rlearning{Size of objects},
+@rlearning{Length and thickness of objects}.
-Snippets: @lsrdir{Staff,Staff-notation}
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Setting the staff size}.
-Internals Reference: @internalsref{StaffSymbol},
-@internalsref{DrumStaff}.
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Staff notation}.
+
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{StaffSymbol}.
@node Hiding staves
-@subsubsection Hiding staves
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Hiding staves
@cindex Frenched scores
-@cindex staves, hiding
-@cindex staves, empty
+@cindex staff, hiding
+@cindex staff, empty
+@cindex hiding of staves
+@cindex empty staves
+@cindex Frenched staves
In orchestral scores, staff lines that only have rests are usually
removed; this saves some space. This style is called @q{French
-Score}. For @code{Lyrics}, @code{ChordNames} and
-@code{FiguredBass}, this is switched on by default. When
+Score}. For the @code{Lyrics}, @code{ChordNames}, and
+@code{FiguredBass} contexts, this is switched on by default. When
the lines of these contexts turn out empty after the line-breaking
process, they are removed.
-For normal staves, a specialized @code{Staff} context is
-available, which does the same: staves containing nothing (or only
-multi-measure rests) are removed. The context definition is
-stored in @code{\RemoveEmptyStaffContext} variable. Observe how
-the second staff in this example disappears in the second line
+For normal staves this behaviour is called with the
+@code{\RemoveEmptyStaffContext} command. It is set in the
+@code{\layout} block. As a result staves containing nothing or
+whole mesure rests are removed after a line break.
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
\layout {
- \context { \RemoveEmptyStaffContext }
+ \context {
+ \RemoveEmptyStaffContext
+ }
}
-
-{
- \relative c' <<
+\relative c'' {
+ <<
\new Staff { e4 f g a \break c1 }
\new Staff { c4 d e f \break R1 }
>>
}
@end lilypond
-The first system shows all staves in full. If empty staves should
-be removed from the first system too, set @code{remove-first} to
-true in @code{VerticalAxisGroup}.
-
-@example
-\override Score.VerticalAxisGroup #'remove-first = ##t
-@end example
-
To remove other types of contexts, use
@code{\AncientRemoveEmptyStaffContext} or
@code{\RemoveEmptyRhythmicStaffContext}.
@cindex ossia
+@c FIXME Really? I need to see about this. -pm
+
Another application of the @code{\RemoveEmptyStaffContext} is to
make ossia sections, i.e., alternative melodies on a separate
-piece of staff, with help of a Frenched staff. See @ref{Staff
-symbol}.
+piece of staff, with help of a Frenched staff. See
+@ref{Ossia staves}.
+
+@c FIXME Is this in the right section?
+@c maybe move to Staff symbol -pm
You can make the staff lines invisible by removing the
@code{Staff_symbol_engraver} from the @code{Staff} context.
-
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
\score {
- \context Staff \relative c'' { c8 c c16 c c c }
+ \new Staff \relative c'' { c8 c c16 c c c }
\layout{
\context {
\Staff
}
@end lilypond
+
+@snippets
+
+The first empty staff can also be removed from the score with a
+setting in the @code{VerticalAxisGroup} property. This can be
+done globally inside the @code{\layout} block, or locally inside
+the specific staff that should be removed. In the latter case, you
+have to specify the context (@code{Staff} applies only to the
+current staff) in front of the property.
+
+The lower staff of the second staff group is not removed, because
+the setting applies only to the specific staff inside of which it
+is written.
+
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
+\layout {
+ \context {
+ \RemoveEmptyStaffContext
+ %To use the setting globally, uncomment the following line:
+ %\override VerticalAxisGroup #'remove-first = ##t
+ }
+}
+\new StaffGroup
+ \relative c'' <<
+ \new Staff {
+ e4 f g a \break c1 }
+ \new Staff {
+ %To use the setting globally, comment this line, uncomment the line above
+ \override Staff.VerticalAxisGroup #'remove-first = ##t
+ R1 \break R1 }
+ >>
+\new StaffGroup
+ <<
+ \new Staff { e4 f g a \break c1 }
+ \new Staff { R \break R1 }
+ >>
+@end lilypond
+
+@lilypondfile[verbatim,lilyquote,texidoc,doctitle]
+{removing-the-first-empty-line.ly}
+
+
+@predefined
+
+@funindex \RemoveEmptyStaffContext
+@code{\RemoveEmptyStaffContext},
+@funindex \AncientRemoveEmptyStaffContext
+@code{\AncientRemoveEmptyStaffContext},
+@funindex \RemoveEmptyRhythmicStaffContext
+@code{\RemoveEmptyRhythmicStaffContext}.
+
+
@seealso
-Notation Reference: @ref{Staff symbol}.
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Staff symbol},
+@ref{Ossia staves}.
+
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Staff notation}.
-Snippets: @lsrdir{Staff,Staff-notation}
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{ChordNames},
+@rinternals{FiguredBass},
+@rinternals{Lyrics},
+@rinternals{Staff},
+@rinternals{VerticalAxisGroup}.
-Internals Reference: @internalsref{ChordNames},
-@internalsref{FiguredBass}, @internalsref{Lyrics},
-@internalsref{Staff}, @internalsref{VerticalAxisGroup}.
@node Writing parts
@subsection Writing parts
@menu
-* Metronome marks::
-* Instrument names::
-* Quoting other voices::
-* Formatting cue notes::
+* Metronome marks::
+* Instrument names::
+* Quoting other voices::
+* Formatting cue notes::
@end menu
+
@node Metronome marks
-@subsubsection Metronome marks
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Metronome marks
-@cindex Tempo
+@cindex tempo
@cindex beats per minute
@cindex metronome marking
@funindex \tempo
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,fragment]
-\tempo 8.=120 c''1
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+\tempo 8. = 120
+c1
@end lilypond
Score.MetronomeMark #'transparent = ##t @end example
To print other metronome markings, use these markup commands
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim,relative,fragment]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
c4^\markup {
(
\smaller \general-align #Y #DOWN \note #"16." #1
) }
@end lilypond
-@noindent
-For more details, see @ref{Text markup}.
+For more details, see @ref{Formatting text}.
@seealso
-Music Glossary: @rglos{metronome}, @rglos{metronomic indication},
-@rglos{tempo indication}, @rglos{metronome mark}.
+Music Glossary:
+@rglos{metronome},
+@rglos{metronomic indication},
+@rglos{tempo indication},
+@rglos{metronome mark}.
-Notation Reference: @ref{Text markup}.
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Formatting text},
+@ref{MIDI output}.
-Snippets: @lsrdir{Staff,Staff-notation}.
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Staff notation}.
-Internals Reference: @internalsref{MetronomeMark}, @ref{MIDI
-output}.
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{MetronomeMark}.
@knownissues
@node Instrument names
-@subsubsection Instrument names
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Instrument names
@cindex instrument names
@cindex instrument names, short
In an orchestral score, instrument names are printed at the left
side of the staves.
-This can be achieved by setting @code{Staff}.@code{instrumentName} and
-@code{Staff}.@code{shortInstrumentName}, or
+This can be achieved by setting @code{Staff}.@code{instrumentName}
+and @code{Staff}.@code{shortInstrumentName}, or
@code{PianoStaff}.@code{instrumentName} and
-@code{PianoStaff}.@code{shortInstrumentName}. This will print text
-before the start of the staff. For the first staff,
-@code{instrumentName} is used. If set, @code{shortInstrumentName} is
-used for the following staves.
+@code{PianoStaff}.@code{shortInstrumentName}. This will print
+text before the start of the staff. For the first staff,
+@code{instrumentName} is used. If set, @code{shortInstrumentName}
+is used for the following staves.
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right,relative=1,fragment]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
\set Staff.instrumentName = "Ploink "
\set Staff.shortInstrumentName = "Plk "
c1
\break
-c''
+c''1
@end lilypond
-You can also use markup texts to construct more complicated
-instrument names, for example
+Markup mode can be used to create more complicated instrument
+names:
-@lilypond[quote,fragment,verbatim,ragged-right]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
\set Staff.instrumentName = \markup {
\column { "Clarinetti"
\line { "in B" \smaller \flat } } }
-c''1
+c1
@end lilypond
@cindex instrument names, centering
-As instrument names are centered by default, multi line names
-are better entered using @code{\center-align}:
+As instrument names are centered by default, multi line names are
+better entered using @code{\center-align}:
-@lilypond[quote,verbatim,ragged-right]
-{ <<
-\new Staff {
- \set Staff.instrumentName = \markup \center-align {
- Clarinetti
- \line { "in B" \smaller \flat }
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=2]
+<<
+ \new Staff {
+ \set Staff.instrumentName = \markup \center-align {
+ Clarinetti
+ \line { "in B" \smaller \flat }
+ }
+ c1
+ }
+ \new Staff {
+ \set Staff.instrumentName = "Vibraphone"
+ c1
}
- c''1
-}
-\new Staff {
- \set Staff.instrumentName = "Vibraphone"
- c''1
-}
>>
-}
@end lilypond
For longer instrument names, it may be useful to increase the
@code{indent} setting in the @code{\layout} block.
-Short instrument names, printed before the systems following the first
-one, are also centered by default, in a space which width is given by
-the @code{short-indent} variable of the @code{\layout} block.
+Short instrument names, printed before the systems following the
+first one, are also centered by default, in a space which width is
+given by the @code{short-indent} variable of the @code{\layout}
+block.
To add instrument names to other contexts (such as
@code{GrandStaff}, @code{ChoirStaff}, or @code{StaffGroup}), the
@cindex instrument names, changing
-Instrument names may be changed in the middle of a piece,
+Instrument names may be changed in the middle of a piece:
-@lilypond[quote,fragment,verbatim,ragged-right]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
\set Staff.instrumentName = "First"
\set Staff.shortInstrumentName = "one"
c1 c c c \break
@seealso
-Notation Reference: @ref{Modifying context plug-ins}.
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Modifying context plug-ins}.
-Snippets: @lsrdir{Staff,Staff-notation}
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Staff notation}.
-Internals Reference: @internalsref{InstrumentName},
-@internalsref{PianoStaff}, @internalsref{Staff}.
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{InstrumentName},
+@rinternals{PianoStaff},
+@rinternals{Staff}.
@node Quoting other voices
-@subsubsection Quoting other voices
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Quoting other voices
@cindex cues
@cindex quoting other voices
\addQuote @var{name} @var{music}
@end example
-
@noindent
Here, @var{name} is an identifying string. The @var{music} is any
kind of music. Here is an example of @code{\addQuote}
\addQuote clarinet @{ \clarinet @}
@end example
-
After calling @code{\addQuote}, the quotation may then be done
with @code{\quoteDuring} or @code{\cueDuring},
target instruments, if they are specified using the
@code{\transposition} command.
-@lilypond[quote,ragged-right,verbatim]
-\addQuote clarinet \relative c' {
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote,relative=1]
+\addQuote clarinet
+{
\transposition bes
f4 fis g gis
}
{
- e'8 f'8 \quoteDuring #"clarinet" { s2 }
+ e8 f8 \quoteDuring #"clarinet" { s2 }
}
@end lilypond
will quote notes (but no rests), together with scripts and
dynamics.
+
+@seealso
+
+Notation Reference:
+@ref{Instrument transpositions}.
+
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Staff notation}.
+
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{QuoteMusic},
+@rinternals{Voice}.
+
+
@knownissues
Only the contents of the first @code{Voice} occurring in an
In earlier versions of LilyPond (pre 2.11), @code{addQuote} was
written entirely in lower-case letters: @code{\addquote}.
-@seealso
-
-Notation Reference: @ref{Instrument transpositions}.
-
-Snippets: @lsrdir{Staff,Staff-notation}
-
-Internals Reference: @internalsref{QuoteMusic}, @internalsref{Voice}.
-
@node Formatting cue notes
-@subsubsection Formatting cue notes
+@unnumberedsubsubsec Formatting cue notes
@cindex cues
@cindex cue notes
@cindex cue notes, formatting
@cindex fragments
-@cindex quoting other voices
+@cindex quoting other voices
@cindex cues, formatting
The previous section deals with inserting notes from another
@end example
This will insert notes from the part @var{name} into a
-@code{Voice} called @code{cue}. This happens
-simultaneously with @var{music}, which usually is a rest. When
-the cue notes start, the staff in effect becomes polyphonic for a
-moment. The argument @var{updown} determines whether the cue
-notes should be notated as a first or second voice.
-
+@code{Voice} called @code{cue}. This happens simultaneously with
+@var{music}, which usually is a rest. When the cue notes start,
+the staff in effect becomes polyphonic for a moment. The argument
+@var{updown} determines whether the cue notes should be notated as
+a first or second voice.
-@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right]
+@lilypond[verbatim]
smaller = {
\set fontSize = #-2
\override Stem #'length-fraction = #0.8
\override Beam #'length-fraction = #0.8
}
-\addQuote clarinet \relative {
+\addQuote clarinet
+\relative c' {
R1*20
r2 r8 c' f f
}
-\new Staff \relative <<
+\new Staff \relative c' <<
% setup a context for cue notes.
\new Voice = "cue" { \smaller \skip 1*21 }
>>
@end lilypond
-
Here are a couple of hints for successful cue notes:
@itemize
example, having a cue of a piccolo flute within a contra bassoon
part).
-@lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
+@lilypond[verbatim,quote]
picc = \relative c''' {
\clef "treble^8"
R1 |
}
<<
- \context Staff = "picc" \picc
- \context Staff = "cbsn" \cbsn
+ \new Staff = "picc" \picc
+ \new Staff = "cbsn" \cbsn
>>
@end lilypond
-@seealso
-Snippets: @lsrdir{Staff,Staff-notation}.
+@seealso
-Internals Reference: @internalsref{Voice}.
+Snippets:
+@rlsr{Staff notation}.
+Internals Reference:
+@rinternals{Voice}.
projects / lilypond.git / blobdiff